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  <header creationtool="Japanese Law Translation by Ministry of Justice, Japan" creationtoolversion="2.0" segtype="sentence" o-tmf="TW4Win 2.0 Format" adminlang="en-US" srclang="ja-JP" creationdate="20240202T031755Z" creationid="jlt5127"></header>
  <body>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>民事訴訟法</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Code of Civil Procedure</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="2">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>平成八年法律第百九号</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Act No. 109 of 1996</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="3">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>平成二十三年法律第三十六号</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Act No. 36 of 2011</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="4">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>民事訴訟法（平成八年六月二十六日法律第百九号）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Code of Civil Procedure (Act No. 109 of June 26, 1996)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="5">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>目次</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Table of Contents</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="6">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一編　総則</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part I General Provisions</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="7">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一章　通則（第一条―第三条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter I General Rules (Articles 1 to 3)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="8">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二章　裁判所</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter II The Courts</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="9">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一節　日本の裁判所の管轄権（第三条の二―第三条の十二）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 1 Jurisdiction of the Japanese Courts (Articles 3-2 to 3-12)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="10">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二節　管轄（第四条―第二十二条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 2 Jurisdiction (Articles 4 to 22)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="11">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三節　裁判所職員の除斥及び忌避（第二十三条―第二十七条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 3 Disqualifying or Challenging a Court Official (Articles 23 to 27)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="12">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三章　当事者</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter III The Parties</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="13">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一節　当事者能力及び訴訟能力（第二十八条―第三十七条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 1 Capacity as a Party and Capacity to Sue or Be Sued (Articles 28 to 37)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="14">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二節　共同訴訟（第三十八条―第四十一条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 2 Joint Litigation (Articles 38 to 41)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="15">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三節　訴訟参加（第四十二条―第五十三条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 3 Intervention (Articles 42 to 53)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="16">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四節　訴訟代理人及び補佐人（第五十四条―第六十条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 4 Litigation Representatives and Assistants in Court (Articles 54 to 60)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="17">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四章　訴訟費用</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter IV Court Costs</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="18">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一節　訴訟費用の負担（第六十一条―第七十四条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 1 Burden of Court Costs (Articles 61 to 74)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="19">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二節　訴訟費用の担保（第七十五条―第八十一条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 2 Security for Court Costs (Articles 75 to 81)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="20">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三節　訴訟上の救助（第八十二条―第八十六条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 3 Legal Aid (Articles 82 to 86)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="21">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五章　訴訟手続</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter V Litigation Proceedings</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="22">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一節　訴訟の審理等（第八十七条―第九十二条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 1 Trial Litigation (Articles 87 to 92)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="23">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二節　専門委員等</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 2 Technical Advisers</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="24">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一款　専門委員（第九十二条の二―第九十二条の七）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Subsection 1 Technical Advisers (Articles 92-2 to 92-7)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="25">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二款　知的財産に関する事件における裁判所調査官の事務等（第九十二条の八・第九十二条の九）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Subsection 2 Function of a Judicial Research Official in a Case Involving Intellectual Property (Articles 92-8 and 92-9)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="26">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三節　期日及び期間（第九十三条―第九十七条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 3 Court Dates and Time Frames (Articles 93 to 97)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="27">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四節　送達（第九十八条―第百十三条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 4 Service (Articles 98 to 113)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="28">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五節　裁判（第百十四条―第百二十三条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 5 Judicial Decisions (Articles 114 to 123)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="29">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六節　訴訟手続の中断及び中止（第百二十四条―第百三十二条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 6 Continuance or Suspension of Litigation Proceedings (Articles 124 to 132)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="30">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六章　訴えの提起前における証拠収集の処分等（第百三十二条の二―第百三十二条の九）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter VI Dispositions on the Collection of Evidence Prior to the Filing of an Action (Articles 132-2 to 132-9)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="31">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七章　電子情報処理組織による申立て等（第百三十二条の十）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter VII Filing Petitions,Through Electronic Data Processing Systems (Article 132-10)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="32">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二編　第一審の訴訟手続</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part II Litigation Proceedings in the First Instance</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="33">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一章　訴え（第百三十三条―第百四十七条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter I Actions (Articles 133 to 147)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="34">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二章　計画審理（第百四十七条の二・第百四十七条の三）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter II Planned Trials (Articles 147-2 and 147-3)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="35">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三章　口頭弁論及びその準備</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter III Oral Arguments and Preparation Therefor</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="36">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一節　口頭弁論（第百四十八条―第百六十条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 1 Oral Arguments (Articles 148 to 160)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="37">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二節　準備書面等（第百六十一条―第百六十三条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 2 Briefs (Articles 161 to 163)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="38">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三節　争点及び証拠の整理手続</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 3 Proceedings for Arranging Issues and Evidence</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="39">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一款　準備的口頭弁論（第百六十四条―第百六十七条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Subsection 1 Preliminary Oral Arguments (Articles 164 to 167)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="40">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二款　弁論準備手続（第百六十八条―第百七十四条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Subsection 2 Preparatory Proceedings (Articles 168 to 174)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="41">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三款　書面による準備手続（第百七十五条―第百七十八条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Subsection 3 Written Preparatory Proceedings (Articles 175 to 178)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="42">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四章　証拠</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter IV Evidence</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="43">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一節　総則（第百七十九条―第百八十九条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 1 General Provisions (Articles 179 to 189)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="44">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二節　証人尋問（第百九十条―第二百六条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 2 Examination of Witnesses (Articles 190 to 206)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="45">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三節　当事者尋問（第二百七条―第二百十一条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 3 Examination of the Parties (Articles 207 to 211)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="46">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四節　鑑定（第二百十二条―第二百十八条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 4 Expert Testimony (Articles 212 to 218)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="47">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五節　書証（第二百十九条―第二百三十一条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 5 Documentary Evidence (Articles 219 to 231)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="48">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六節　検証（第二百三十二条・第二百三十三条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 6 Inspection of Evidence (Articles 232 and 233)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="49">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七節　証拠保全（第二百三十四条―第二百四十二条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 7 Preservation of Evidence (Articles 234 to 242)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="50">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五章　判決（第二百四十三条―第二百六十条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter V Judgment (Articles 243 to 260)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="51">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六章　裁判によらない訴訟の完結（第二百六十一条―第二百六十七条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter VI Conclusion of Litigation Other Than by Judicial Decision (Articles 261 to 267)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="52">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七章　大規模訴訟等に関する特則（第二百六十八条―第二百六十九条の二）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter VII Special Provisions on Large-Scale Litigation (Articles 268 to 269-2)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="53">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八章　簡易裁判所の訴訟手続に関する特則（第二百七十条―第二百八十条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter VIII Special Provisions on Litigation Proceedings in Summary Court (Articles 270 to 280)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="54">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三編　上訴</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part III Appeals</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="55">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一章　控訴（第二百八十一条―第三百十条の二）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter I Appeals to the Court of Second Instance (Articles 281 to 310-2)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="56">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二章　上告（第三百十一条―第三百二十七条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter II Final Appeals (Articles 311 to 327)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="57">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三章　抗告（第三百二十八条―第三百三十七条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter III Appeal Against a Ruling (Articles 328 to 337)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="58">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四編　再審（第三百三十八条―第三百四十九条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part IV Retrial (Articles 338 to 349)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="59">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五編　手形訴訟及び小切手訴訟に関する特則（第三百五十条―第三百六十七条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part V Special Provisions on Actions on Bills or Notes and Actions on Checks (Articles 350 to 367)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="60">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六編　少額訴訟に関する特則（第三百六十八条―第三百八十一条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part VI Special Provisions on Small Claims Actions (Articles 368 to 381)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="61">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七編　督促手続</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part VII Demand Procedures</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="62">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一章　総則（第三百八十二条―第三百九十六条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter I General Provisions (Articles 382 to 396)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="63">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二章　電子情報処理組織による督促手続の特則（第三百九十七条―第四百二条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter II Special Provisions on Demand Procedures That Are Handled Using Electronic Data Processing Systems (Articles 397 to 402)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="64">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八編　執行停止（第四百三条―第四百五条）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part VIII Stays of Execution (Articles 403 to 405)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="65">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>附則</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Supplementary Provisions</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="66">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一編　総則</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part I General Provisions</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="67">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一章　通則</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter I General Rules</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="68">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一条　民事訴訟に関する手続については、他の法令に定めるもののほか、この法律の定めるところによる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 1 Beyond what is provided for in other laws and regulations, procedure in civil litigation is governed by the provisions of this Code.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="69">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（裁判所及び当事者の責務）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Responsibilities of the Courts and the Parties)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="70">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二条　裁判所は、民事訴訟が公正かつ迅速に行われるように努め、当事者は、信義に従い誠実に民事訴訟を追行しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 2 The courts shall endeavor to ensure that civil litigation is conducted fairly and expeditiously, and the parties shall conduct that litigation in good faith.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="71">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（最高裁判所規則）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Rules of the Supreme Court)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="72">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三条　この法律に定めるもののほか、民事訴訟に関する手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 3 Beyond what is provided for in this Code, necessary particulars in connection with procedure in civil litigation are prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="73">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二章　裁判所</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter II The Courts</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="74">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一節　日本の裁判所の管轄権</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 1 Jurisdiction of the Japanese Courts</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="75">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（被告の住所等による管轄権）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Jurisdiction Based on the Defendant's Domicile)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="76">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三条の二　裁判所は、人に対する訴えについて、その住所が日本国内にあるとき、住所がない場合又は住所が知れない場合にはその居所が日本国内にあるとき、居所がない場合又は居所が知れない場合には訴えの提起前に日本国内に住所を有していたとき（日本国内に最後に住所を有していた後に外国に住所を有していたときを除く。）は、管轄権を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 3-2 (1) The courts have jurisdiction over an action that is brought against a person domiciled in Japan; against a person without a domicile or of domicile unknown, whose residence is in Japan; and against a person without a residence or of residence unknown, who was domiciled in Japan before the action was filed (unless the person has been domiciled in a foreign country after last being domiciled in Japan).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="77">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、大使、公使その他外国に在ってその国の裁判権からの免除を享有する日本人に対する訴えについて、前項の規定にかかわらず、管轄権を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the courts have jurisdiction over an action that is brought against an ambassador, minister, or any other Japanese national in a foreign country who enjoys immunity from the jurisdiction of that country.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="78">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　裁判所は、法人その他の社団又は財団に対する訴えについて、その主たる事務所又は営業所が日本国内にあるとき、事務所若しくは営業所がない場合又はその所在地が知れない場合には代表者その他の主たる業務担当者の住所が日本国内にあるときは、管轄権を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The courts have jurisdiction over an action that is brought against a corporation or any other association or foundation whose principal office or business office is located in Japan, and against a corporation, association, or foundation without a business office or other office, or with a business office or other office of unknown location, whose representative or other person principally in charge of its business is domiciled in Japan.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="79">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（契約上の債務に関する訴え等の管轄権）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Jurisdiction over an Action Involving a Contractual Obligation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="80">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三条の三　次の各号に掲げる訴えは、それぞれ当該各号に定めるときは、日本の裁判所に提起することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 3-3 An action set forth in one of the following items may be filed with the Japanese courts in the case specified in said item:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="81">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　契約上の債務の履行の請求を目的とする訴え又は契約上の債務に関して行われた事務管理若しくは生じた不当利得に係る請求、契約上の債務の不履行による損害賠償の請求その他契約上の債務に関する請求を目的とする訴え　契約において定められた当該債務の履行地が日本国内にあるとき、又は契約において選択された地の法によれば当該債務の履行地が日本国内にあるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) an action on a claim for performance of a contractual obligation; on a claim involving benevolent intervention in another's affairs that has been done, or unjust enrichment that has arisen, in connection with a contractual obligation; on a claim for damages due to nonperformance of a contractual obligation; or on any other claim involving a contractual obligation: if the contractually specified place for performance of the obligation is within Japan, or if the law of the place adopted under the contract gives a place within Japan as the place for performance of the obligation;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="82">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　手形又は小切手による金銭の支払の請求を目的とする訴え　手形又は小切手の支払地が日本国内にあるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) an action on a claim for the payment of monies for a bill or note or for a check: if the place for payment of the bill or note or for the check is within Japan;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="83">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　財産権上の訴え　請求の目的が日本国内にあるとき、又は当該訴えが金銭の支払を請求するものである場合には差し押さえることができる被告の財産が日本国内にあるとき（その財産の価額が著しく低いときを除く。）。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) an action on a property right: if the subject matter of the claim is located within Japan, or if the action is a claim for the payment of monies, and seizable property of the defendant is located within Japan (except when the value of such property is extremely low);</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="84">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　事務所又は営業所を有する者に対する訴えでその事務所又は営業所における業務に関するもの　当該事務所又は営業所が日本国内にあるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) an action against a person with an office or a business office, which is filed in connection with the business conducted at that person's office or business office: if said office or business office is located within Japan;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="85">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>五　日本において事業を行う者（日本において取引を継続してする外国会社（会社法（平成十七年法律第八十六号）第二条第二号に規定する外国会社をいう。）を含む。）に対する訴え　当該訴えがその者の日本における業務に関するものであるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(v) an action against a person that conducts business in Japan (including a foreign company (meaning a foreign company as prescribed in Article 2, item (ii) of the Companies Act (Act No. 86 of 2005)) that continually carries out transactions in Japan): if said action involves the business that the person conducts in Japan;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="86">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>六　船舶債権その他船舶を担保とする債権に基づく訴え　船舶が日本国内にあるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(vi) an action based on a ship claim or any other claim secured by a ship: if the ship is located within Japan;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="87">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>七　会社その他の社団又は財団に関する訴えで次に掲げるもの　社団又は財団が法人である場合にはそれが日本の法令により設立されたものであるとき、法人でない場合にはその主たる事務所又は営業所が日本国内にあるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(vii) one of the following actions involving a company or any other association or foundation: if the association or foundation is a corporation and it is incorporated pursuant to the laws and regulations of Japan, or if the association or foundation is not a corporation but its principal office or business office is located within Japan:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="88">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>イ　会社その他の社団からの社員若しくは社員であった者に対する訴え、社員からの社員若しくは社員であった者に対する訴え又は社員であった者からの社員に対する訴えで、社員としての資格に基づくもの</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(a) an action brought by a company or any other association against its member or a person that was its member, an action brought by one member against another member or against a person that was a member, or an action brought by a person that was a member against a member, which is based on the relevant person's status as a member;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="89">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ロ　社団又は財団からの役員又は役員であった者に対する訴えで役員としての資格に基づくもの</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(b) an action brought by an association or foundation against its officer or a person that was its officer, which is based on the person's status as an officer;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="90">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ハ　会社からの発起人若しくは発起人であった者又は検査役若しくは検査役であった者に対する訴えで発起人又は検査役としての資格に基づくもの</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(c) an action brought by a company against its incorporator or a person that was its incorporator, or against its inspector or a person that was its inspector, which is based on the person's status as an incorporator or inspector;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="91">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ニ　会社その他の社団の債権者からの社員又は社員であった者に対する訴えで社員としての資格に基づくもの</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(d) an action brought by a company's or other association's creditor against its member or a person that was its member, which is based on the person's status as a member.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="92">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>八　不法行為に関する訴え　不法行為があった地が日本国内にあるとき（外国で行われた加害行為の結果が日本国内で発生した場合において、日本国内におけるその結果の発生が通常予見することのできないものであったときを除く。）。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(viii) an action for a tort: if the place where the tort occurred is within Japan (excluding if the consequences of a wrongful act committed in a foreign country have arisen within Japan but it would not ordinarily have been possible to foresee those consequences arising within Japan);</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="93">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>九　船舶の衝突その他海上の事故に基づく損害賠償の訴え　損害を受けた船舶が最初に到達した地が日本国内にあるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ix) an action for damages due to the collision of a ship or any other accident at sea: if the first place where the damaged ship docked is within Japan;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="94">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>十　海難救助に関する訴え　海難救助があった地又は救助された船舶が最初に到達した地が日本国内にあるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(x) an action related to a maritime rescue: if the place where the maritime rescue took place or the first place where the salvaged ship docked is within Japan;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="95">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>十一　不動産に関する訴え　不動産が日本国内にあるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(xi) an action related to real property: if the real property is located within Japan;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="96">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>十二　相続権若しくは遺留分に関する訴え又は遺贈その他死亡によって効力を生ずべき行為に関する訴え　相続開始の時における被相続人の住所が日本国内にあるとき、住所がない場合又は住所が知れない場合には相続開始の時における被相続人の居所が日本国内にあるとき、居所がない場合又は居所が知れない場合には被相続人が相続開始の前に日本国内に住所を有していたとき（日本国内に最後に住所を有していた後に外国に住所を有していたときを除く。）。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(xii) an action related to a right of inheritance or legitime, or an action related to a legacy or any other act that comes into effect upon a person's death: if at the time of the opening of the succession, the decedent was domiciled in Japan; if at the time of the opening of the succession, the decedent was without a domicile or was of domicile unknown, but had a residence in Japan; or if at the time of the opening of the succession, the decedent was without a residence or was of residence unknown, but before the opening of the succession, the decedent had been domiciled in Japan (unless the decedent was domiciled in a foreign country after last being domiciled in Japan;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="97">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>十三　相続債権その他相続財産の負担に関する訴えで前号に掲げる訴えに該当しないもの　同号に定めるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(xiii) an action involving a claim against a succession or any other charge on an estate which does not fall under the category of an action set forth in the preceding item: as specified in that item.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="98">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（消費者契約及び労働関係に関する訴えの管轄権）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Jurisdiction over Actions Involving Consumer Contracts and Labor Relations)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="99">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三条の四　消費者（個人（事業として又は事業のために契約の当事者となる場合におけるものを除く。）をいう。以下同じ。）と事業者（法人その他の社団又は財団及び事業として又は事業のために契約の当事者となる場合における個人をいう。以下同じ。）との間で締結される契約（労働契約を除く。以下「消費者契約」という。）に関する消費者からの事業者に対する訴えは、訴えの提起の時又は消費者契約の締結の時における消費者の住所が日本国内にあるときは、日本の裁判所に提起することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 3-4 (1) An action involving a contract concluded between a Consumer (meaning an individual (except for an individual that becomes a party to a contract as a part of a business undertaking or for business purposes); the same applies hereinafter) and an Enterprise (meaning a corporation or any other association or foundation or an individual that becomes a party to a contract as a part of a business undertaking or for business purposes; the same applies hereinafter) (this excludes a labor contract; hereinafter referred to as a "Consumer Contract"), which is brought by the Consumer against the Enterprise, may be filed with the Japanese courts if the Consumer is domiciled in Japan at the time the action is filed or at the time the Consumer Contract is concluded.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="100">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　労働契約の存否その他の労働関係に関する事項について個々の労働者と事業主との間に生じた民事に関する紛争（以下「個別労働関係民事紛争」という。）に関する労働者からの事業主に対する訴えは、個別労働関係民事紛争に係る労働契約における労務の提供の地（その地が定まっていない場合にあっては、労働者を雇い入れた事業所の所在地）が日本国内にあるときは、日本の裁判所に提起することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An action involving a dispute over a civil matter that arises between an individual worker and that worker's employer with regard to the existence or absence of a labor contract or any other particulars of their labor relations (hereinafter referred to as an "Individual Civil Labor Dispute"),which is brought by the worker against the employer, may be filed with the Japanese courts if the place where the labor is to be provided as per the labor contract to which the Individual Civil Labor Dispute pertains (or if such a place is not established, the location of the place of business that hired the worker) is within Japan.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="101">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　消費者契約に関する事業者からの消費者に対する訴え及び個別労働関係民事紛争に関する事業主からの労働者に対する訴えについては、前条の規定は、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provisions of the preceding Article do not apply to an action involving a Consumer Contract which is brought by an Enterprise against a Consumer, or an action involving Individual Civil Labor Dispute which is brought by an employer against a worker.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="102">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（管轄権の専属）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Exclusive Jurisdiction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="103">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三条の五　会社法第七編第二章に規定する訴え（同章第四節及び第六節に規定するものを除く。）、一般社団法人及び一般財団法人に関する法律（平成十八年法律第四十八号）第六章第二節に規定する訴えその他これらの法令以外の日本の法令により設立された社団又は財団に関する訴えでこれらに準ずるものの管轄権は、日本の裁判所に専属する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 3-5 (1) Actions prescribed in Part VII, Chapter II of the Companies Act (excluding those prescribed in Sections 4 and 6 of that Chapter), actions prescribed in Chapter VI, Section 2 of the Act on General Incorporated Associations and General Incorporated Foundations (Act No. 48 of 2006), and other actions equivalent thereto involving associations or foundations incorporated pursuant to Japanese laws and regulations other than those Acts, are under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Japanese courts.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="104">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　登記又は登録に関する訴えの管轄権は、登記又は登録をすべき地が日本国内にあるときは、日本の裁判所に専属する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An action related to a registration is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Japanese courts if the place where the registration is to be made is within Japan.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="105">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　知的財産権（知的財産基本法（平成十四年法律第百二十二号）第二条第二項に規定する知的財産権をいう。）のうち設定の登録により発生するものの存否又は効力に関する訴えの管轄権は、その登録が日本においてされたものであるときは、日本の裁判所に専属する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) An action about the existence or absence or the validity of an intellectual property right (meaning an intellectual property right as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (2) of the Intellectual Property Basic Act (Act No. 122 of 2002)) that arises through a registration establishing that intellectual property right is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Japanese courts if that registration was made in Japan.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="106">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（併合請求における管轄権）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Jurisdiction over a Joint Claim)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="107">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三条の六　一の訴えで数個の請求をする場合において、日本の裁判所が一の請求について管轄権を有し、他の請求について管轄権を有しないときは、当該一の請求と他の請求との間に密接な関連があるときに限り、日本の裁判所にその訴えを提起することができる。ただし、数人からの又は数人に対する訴えについては、第三十八条前段に定める場合に限る。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 3-6 If multiple claims are involved in a single action and the Japanese courts have jurisdiction over one of those claims and no jurisdiction over the others, the action may be filed with the Japanese courts only if the one claim is closely connected with the other claims; provided, however, that with regard to an action brought by multiple persons or an action brought against multiple persons, this applies only in the case specified in the first sentence of Article 38.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="108">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（管轄権に関する合意）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Agreement on Jurisdiction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="109">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三条の七　当事者は、合意により、いずれの国の裁判所に訴えを提起することができるかについて定めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 3-7 (1) Parties may establish, by agreement, the country in which they are permitted to file an action with the courts.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="110">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の合意は、一定の法律関係に基づく訴えに関し、かつ、書面でしなければ、その効力を生じない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The agreement as referred to in the preceding paragraph is not valid unless it is made regarding actions that are based on a specific legal relationship, and executed by means of a paper document.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="111">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の合意がその内容を記録した電磁的記録（電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られる記録であって、電子計算機による情報処理の用に供されるものをいう。以下同じ。）によってされたときは、その合意は、書面によってされたものとみなして、前項の規定を適用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If Electronic or Magnetic Records (meaning records used in computer data processing which are created in electronic form, magnetic form, or any other form that is otherwise impossible to perceive through the human senses alone; the same applies hereinafter) in which the content of the agreement is recorded are used to execute the agreement as referred to in paragraph (1), the agreement is deemed to have been executed by means of a paper document and the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="112">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　外国の裁判所にのみ訴えを提起することができる旨の合意は、その裁判所が法律上又は事実上裁判権を行うことができないときは、これを援用することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) An agreement that an action may be filed only with the courts of a foreign country may not be invoked if those courts are unable to exercise jurisdiction by law or in fact.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="113">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　将来において生ずる消費者契約に関する紛争を対象とする第一項の合意は、次に掲げる場合に限り、その効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) An agreement as referred to in paragraph (1) which covers Consumer Contract disputes that may arise in the future is valid only in the following cases:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="114">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　消費者契約の締結の時において消費者が住所を有していた国の裁判所に訴えを提起することができる旨の合意（その国の裁判所にのみ訴えを提起することができる旨の合意については、次号に掲げる場合を除き、その国以外の国の裁判所にも訴えを提起することを妨げない旨の合意とみなす。）であるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) if the agreement provides that an action may be filed with the courts of the country where the Consumer was domiciled at the time the Consumer Contract was concluded (except in the case set forth in the following item, any agreement that an action may be filed only with a court of such a country is deemed not to preclude the filing of an action with a court of any other country);</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="115">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　消費者が当該合意に基づき合意された国の裁判所に訴えを提起したとき、又は事業者が日本若しくは外国の裁判所に訴えを提起した場合において、消費者が当該合意を援用したとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) if the Consumer, in accordance with said agreement, has filed an action with the courts of the agreed-upon country, or if an Enterprise has filed an action with the Japanese courts or with the courts of a foreign country and the Consumer has invoked said agreement.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="116">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>６　将来において生ずる個別労働関係民事紛争を対象とする第一項の合意は、次に掲げる場合に限り、その効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(6) An agreement as referred to in paragraph (1) which covers Individual Civil Labor Dispute that may arise in the future is valid only in the following cases:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="117">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　労働契約の終了の時にされた合意であって、その時における労務の提供の地がある国の裁判所に訴えを提起することができる旨を定めたもの（その国の裁判所にのみ訴えを提起することができる旨の合意については、次号に掲げる場合を除き、その国以外の国の裁判所にも訴えを提起することを妨げない旨の合意とみなす。）であるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) if the agreement is made at the time a labor contract ends, and establishes that an action may be filed with the courts of the country where the place that the labor was being provided as of that time is located (except in the case set forth in the following item, an agreement that an action may be filed only with the courts of such a country is deemed not to preclude the filing of an action with the courts of any other country);</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="118">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　労働者が当該合意に基づき合意された国の裁判所に訴えを提起したとき、又は事業主が日本若しくは外国の裁判所に訴えを提起した場合において、労働者が当該合意を援用したとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) if the worker, in accordance with said agreement, files an action with the courts of the agreed-upon country; or if the enterprise files an action with the Japanese courts or with the courts of a foreign country and the worker invokes said agreement.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="119">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（応訴による管轄権）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Jurisdiction Based on Appearance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="120">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三条の八　被告が日本の裁判所が管轄権を有しない旨の抗弁を提出しないで本案について弁論をし、又は弁論準備手続において申述をしたときは、裁判所は、管轄権を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 3-8 If the defendant presents an oral argument on the merits of the case or enters a statement in preparatory proceedings without entering the affirmative defense that the Japanese courts lack jurisdiction, the courts have jurisdiction.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="121">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（特別の事情による訴えの却下）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal without Prejudice Due to Special Circumstances)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="122">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三条の九　裁判所は、訴えについて日本の裁判所が管轄権を有することとなる場合（日本の裁判所にのみ訴えを提起することができる旨の合意に基づき訴えが提起された場合を除く。）においても、事案の性質、応訴による被告の負担の程度、証拠の所在地その他の事情を考慮して、日本の裁判所が審理及び裁判をすることが当事者間の衡平を害し、又は適正かつ迅速な審理の実現を妨げることとなる特別の事情があると認めるときは、その訴えの全部又は一部を却下することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 3-9 Even when the Japanese courts have jurisdiction over an action (except when an action is filed based on an agreement that only permits an action to be filed with the Japanese courts), the court may dismiss the whole or part of an action without prejudice if it finds that there are special circumstances because of which, if the Japanese courts were to conduct a trial and reach a judicial decision in the action, it would be inequitable to either party or prevent a fair and speedy trial, in consideration of the nature of the case, the degree of burden that the defendant would have to bear in responding to the action, the location of evidence, and other circumstances.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="123">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（管轄権が専属する場合の適用除外）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Exclusion from Application in the Case of Exclusive Jurisdiction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="124">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三条の十　第三条の二から第三条の四まで及び第三条の六から前条までの規定は、訴えについて法令に日本の裁判所の管轄権の専属に関する定めがある場合には、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 3-10 The provisions of Articles 3-2 to 3-4 and Articles 3-6 to the preceding Article do not apply if law or regulation provides for the exclusive jurisdiction of the Japanese courts over the action in question.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="125">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（職権証拠調べ）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Examination of Evidence by the Court Sua Sponte)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="126">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三条の十一　裁判所は、日本の裁判所の管轄権に関する事項について、職権で証拠調べをすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 3-11 A court may conduct an examination of the evidence sua sponte with regard to matters that concern the jurisdiction of the Japanese courts.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="127">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（管轄権の標準時）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Basis of Timing for Determining Jurisdiction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="128">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三条の十二　日本の裁判所の管轄権は、訴えの提起の時を標準として定める。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 3-12 Whether the Japanese courts have jurisdiction is determined on the basis of the time at which an action is filed.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="129">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二節　管轄</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 2 Jurisdiction</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="130">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（普通裁判籍による管轄）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Jurisdiction by General Venue)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="131">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四条　訴えは、被告の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する裁判所の管轄に属する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 4 (1) An action is subject to the jurisdiction of the court of jurisdiction in the locality that constitutes the general venue for an action against the defendant.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="132">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　人の普通裁判籍は、住所により、日本国内に住所がないとき又は住所が知れないときは居所により、日本国内に居所がないとき又は居所が知れないときは最後の住所により定まる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The general venue for an action against a natural person is determined by the person's domicile; by the person's residence, if the person is not domiciled in Japan or is of domicile unknown; or by the person's last domicile in Japan, if the person does not have a residence in Japan or is of residence unknown.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="133">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　大使、公使その他外国に在ってその国の裁判権からの免除を享有する日本人が前項の規定により普通裁判籍を有しないときは、その者の普通裁判籍は、最高裁判所規則で定める地にあるものとする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If there is no general venue pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph for an action against an ambassador, minister, or any other Japanese national in a foreign country who enjoys immunity from the jurisdiction of that country, the general venue for an action against that person is deemed to be the general venue in the locality specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="134">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　法人その他の社団又は財団の普通裁判籍は、その主たる事務所又は営業所により、事務所又は営業所がないときは代表者その他の主たる業務担当者の住所により定まる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) The general venue for an action against a corporation or any other association or foundation is determined by the location of its principal office or business office; or by the domicile of its representative or any other principal person in charge of its business, if it has no business office or other office.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="135">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　外国の社団又は財団の普通裁判籍は、前項の規定にかかわらず、日本における主たる事務所又は営業所により、日本国内に事務所又は営業所がないときは日本における代表者その他の主たる業務担当者の住所により定まる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the general venue for an action against a foreign association or foundation is determined by the location of its principal office or business office in Japan; or by the domicile of its representative or any other principal person in charge of its business in Japan, if it has no business office or other office in Japan.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="136">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>６　国の普通裁判籍は、訴訟について国を代表する官庁の所在地により定まる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(6) The general venue for an action against the State is determined by the location of the government agency that represents the State in the litigation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="137">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（財産権上の訴え等についての管轄）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Jurisdiction over an Action Involving Property Rights)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="138">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五条　次の各号に掲げる訴えは、それぞれ当該各号に定める地を管轄する裁判所に提起することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 5 An action set forth in one of the following items may be filed with the court of jurisdiction in the place specified in said item:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="139">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　財産権上の訴え　義務履行地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) an action involving a property right: the place of performance of the obligation;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="140">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　手形又は小切手による金銭の支払の請求を目的とする訴え　手形又は小切手の支払地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) an action on a claim for payment of monies for a bill or note or for a check: the place of payment of the bill or note or for the check;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="141">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　船員に対する財産権上の訴え　船舶の船籍の所在地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) an action involving a property right against a mariner: a location in the ship's country of registration;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="142">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　日本国内に住所（法人にあっては、事務所又は営業所。以下この号において同じ。）がない者又は住所が知れない者に対する財産権上の訴え　請求若しくはその担保の目的又は差し押さえることができる被告の財産の所在地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) an action involving a property right against a person that is not domiciled in Japan (or a corporation with no business office or other office in Japan; hereinafter the same applies in this item) or that is of domicile unknown: the location of the subject matter of the claim or the subject matter of the security against the claim, or of any seizable property of the defendant;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="143">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>五　事務所又は営業所を有する者に対する訴えでその事務所又は営業所における業務に関するもの　当該事務所又は営業所の所在地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(v) an action against a person with an office or business office, which is filed in connection with the business conducted at the person's office or business office: the location of said office or business office;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="144">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>六　船舶所有者その他船舶を利用する者に対する船舶又は航海に関する訴え　船舶の船籍の所在地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(vi) an action related to a ship or to travel by sea which is filed against the shipowner or other person using the ship: a location in the ship's country of registration;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="145">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>七　船舶債権その他船舶を担保とする債権に基づく訴え　船舶の所在地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(vii) an action based on a ship claim or any other claim secured by a ship: the location of the ship;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="146">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>八　会社その他の社団又は財団に関する訴えで次に掲げるもの　社団又は財団の普通裁判籍の所在地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(viii) the following actions involving a company or any other association or foundation: the locality that constitutes the general venue for an action against the association or foundation:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="147">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>イ　会社その他の社団からの社員若しくは社員であった者に対する訴え、社員からの社員若しくは社員であった者に対する訴え又は社員であった者からの社員に対する訴えで、社員としての資格に基づくもの</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(a) an action brought by a company or other association against its member or a person that was its member; an action brought by one member against another member or against a person that was a member; or an action brought by a person that was a member against a member; which is based on the relevant person's status as a member;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="148">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ロ　社団又は財団からの役員又は役員であった者に対する訴えで役員としての資格に基づくもの</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(b) an action brought by an association or foundation against its officer or a person that was its officer, which is based on the person's status as an officer;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="149">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ハ　会社からの発起人若しくは発起人であった者又は検査役若しくは検査役であった者に対する訴えで発起人又は検査役としての資格に基づくもの</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(c) an action brought by a company against its incorporator or a person that was its incorporator, or against its inspector or a person that was its inspector, which is based on the person's status as an incorporator or inspector;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="150">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ニ　会社その他の社団の債権者からの社員又は社員であった者に対する訴えで社員としての資格に基づくもの</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(d) an action brought by a company's or any other association's creditor against its member or a person that was its member, which is based on the person's status as a member.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="151">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>九　不法行為に関する訴え　不法行為があった地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ix) an action for a tort: the place where the tort took place;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="152">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>十　船舶の衝突その他海上の事故に基づく損害賠償の訴え　損害を受けた船舶が最初に到達した地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(x) an action for damages due to the collision of a ship or any other accident at sea: the first place where the damaged ship docked;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="153">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>十一　海難救助に関する訴え　海難救助があった地又は救助された船舶が最初に到達した地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(xi) an action related to a maritime rescue: the place where the maritime rescue took place or the first place where the salvaged ship docked;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="154">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>十二　不動産に関する訴え　不動産の所在地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(xii) an action related to real property: the location of the real property;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="155">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>十三　登記又は登録に関する訴え　登記又は登録をすべき地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(xiii) an action related to a registration: the place where the registration is required to be made;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="156">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>十四　相続権若しくは遺留分に関する訴え又は遺贈その他死亡によって効力を生ずべき行為に関する訴え　相続開始の時における被相続人の普通裁判籍の所在地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(xiv) an action related to a right of inheritance or an heir's statutory reserved share, or an action related to a testamentary gift or any other act that becomes valid upon a person's death: the locality that constituted the general venue for an action involving the decedent as of the time that inheritance commenced;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="157">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>十五　相続債権その他相続財産の負担に関する訴えで前号に掲げる訴えに該当しないもの　同号に定める地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(xv) an action involving a claim against an inheritance or any other encumbrance on inheritance property, which does not fall under the category of an action set forth in the preceding item: the place specified in that item.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="158">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（特許権等に関する訴え等の管轄）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Jurisdiction over an Action Involving a Patent Right)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="159">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六条　特許権、実用新案権、回路配置利用権又はプログラムの著作物についての著作者の権利に関する訴え（以下「特許権等に関する訴え」という。）について、前二条の規定によれば次の各号に掲げる裁判所が管轄権を有すべき場合には、その訴えは、それぞれ当該各号に定める裁判所の管轄に専属する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 6 (1) In an action involving a patent right, utility model right, a layout-design exploitation right for an integrated circuit, or an author's right to a work of computer programming (hereinafter referred to as an "Action Involving a Patent Right, etc."), if a court listed in the first portion of either of the following items would have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two Articles, the action is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the court specified in the latter portion of said item:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="160">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　東京高等裁判所、名古屋高等裁判所、仙台高等裁判所又は札幌高等裁判所の管轄区域内に所在する地方裁判所　東京地方裁判所</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) a district court located within the territorial jurisdiction of the Tokyo High Court, the Nagoya High Court, the Sendai High Court, or the Sapporo High Court: the Tokyo District Court;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="161">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　大阪高等裁判所、広島高等裁判所、福岡高等裁判所又は高松高等裁判所の管轄区域内に所在する地方裁判所　大阪地方裁判所</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a district court located within the territorial jurisdiction of the Osaka High Court, the Hiroshima High Court, the Fukuoka High Court, or the Takamatsu High Court: the Osaka District Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="162">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　特許権等に関する訴えについて、前二条の規定により前項各号に掲げる裁判所の管轄区域内に所在する簡易裁判所が管轄権を有する場合には、それぞれ当該各号に定める裁判所にも、その訴えを提起することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc., if a summary court located within the territorial jurisdiction of a court listed in the first portion of one of the items of the preceding paragraph would have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two Articles, the action may also be filed with the court specified in the latter portion of said item.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="163">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項第二号に定める裁判所が第一審としてした特許権等に関する訴えについての終局判決に対する控訴は、東京高等裁判所の管轄に専属する。ただし、第二十条の二第一項の規定により移送された訴訟に係る訴えについての終局判決に対する控訴については、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) An appeal to the court of second instance against a final judgment that the court specified in paragraph (1), item (ii) has entered as the court of first instance in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc., is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Tokyo High Court; provided, however, that this does not apply to an appeal to the court of second instance against a final judgment in an action if litigation has been transferred pursuant to the provisions of Article 20-2, paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="164">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（意匠権等に関する訴えの管轄）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Jurisdiction over an Action Involving a Design Right)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="165">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六条の二　意匠権、商標権、著作者の権利（プログラムの著作物についての著作者の権利を除く。）、出版権、著作隣接権若しくは育成者権に関する訴え又は不正競争（不正競争防止法（平成五年法律第四十七号）第二条第一項に規定する不正競争をいう。）による営業上の利益の侵害に係る訴えについて、第四条又は第五条の規定により次の各号に掲げる裁判所が管轄権を有する場合には、それぞれ当該各号に定める裁判所にも、その訴えを提起することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 6-2 With regard to an action involving design rights, trademark rights, author's rights (excluding author's rights to a work of computer programming), publishing rights, neighboring rights, or breeder's rights, or an action for infringement of a business interest due to unfair competition (meaning unfair competition as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act (Act No. 47 of 1993)), if a court listed in the first portion of either of the following items has jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of Article 4 or Article 5, the action may also be filed with the court specified in the latter portion of said item:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="166">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　前条第一項第一号に掲げる裁判所（東京地方裁判所を除く。）　東京地方裁判所</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) a court set forth in paragraph (1), item (i) of the preceding Article (other than the Tokyo District Court): the Tokyo District Court;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="167">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　前条第一項第二号に掲げる裁判所（大阪地方裁判所を除く。）　大阪地方裁判所</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a court set forth in paragraph (1), item (ii) of the preceding Article (other than the Osaka District Court): the Osaka District Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="168">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（併合請求における管轄）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Jurisdiction over a Joint Claim)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="169">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七条　一の訴えで数個の請求をする場合には、第四条から前条まで（第六条第三項を除く。）の規定により一の請求について管轄権を有する裁判所にその訴えを提起することができる。ただし、数人からの又は数人に対する訴えについては、第三十八条前段に定める場合に限る。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 7 If multiple claims are involved in a single action, the action may be filed with a court that, pursuant to the provisions of Article 4 to the preceding Article (excluding Article 6, paragraph (3)), has jurisdiction over one of those claims; provided, however, that with regard to an action brought by two or more persons or an action brought against two or more persons, this applies only in the case specified in the first sentence of Article 38.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="170">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟の目的の価額の算定）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Calculation of the Value of the Subject Matter of Litigation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="171">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八条　裁判所法（昭和二十二年法律第五十九号）の規定により管轄が訴訟の目的の価額により定まるときは、その価額は、訴えで主張する利益によって算定する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 8 (1) If jurisdiction is determined by the value of the subject matter of litigation pursuant to the Court Act (Act No. 59 of 1947), the value is calculated on the basis of the interest alleged in the action.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="172">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の価額を算定することができないとき、又は極めて困難であるときは、その価額は百四十万円を超えるものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If it is impossible or extremely difficult to calculate the value as referred to in the preceding paragraph, the value is deemed to exceed 1,400,000 yen.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="173">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（併合請求の場合の価額の算定）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Calculation of the Value in a Joint Claim)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="174">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九条　一の訴えで数個の請求をする場合には、その価額を合算したものを訴訟の目的の価額とする。ただし、その訴えで主張する利益が各請求について共通である場合におけるその各請求については、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 9 (1) If multiple claims are involved in a single action, the total value of the claims is the value of the subject matter of litigation; provided, however, that this does not apply to each claim if the interest alleged in the action is common to all claims.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="175">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　果実、損害賠償、違約金又は費用の請求が訴訟の附帯の目的であるときは、その価額は、訴訟の目的の価額に算入しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a claim upon the fruits of something or a claim for damages, penalties, or expenses is an incidental subject matter of litigation, its value is not included in the calculation of the value of the subject matter of the litigation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="176">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（管轄裁判所の指定）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Designation of the Court of Jurisdiction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="177">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第十条　管轄裁判所が法律上又は事実上裁判権を行うことができないときは、その裁判所の直近上級の裁判所は、申立てにより、決定で、管轄裁判所を定める。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 10 (1) If the court of jurisdiction is unable to exercise its jurisdiction by law or in fact, the immediate superior court issues a ruling designating the court of jurisdiction, upon petition.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="178">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所の管轄区域が明確でないため管轄裁判所が定まらないときは、関係のある裁判所に共通する直近上級の裁判所は、申立てにより、決定で、管轄裁判所を定める。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the court of jurisdiction cannot be determined due to ill-defined territorial jurisdictions among the courts, the immediate superior court common to the relevant courts issues a ruling designating the court of jurisdiction, upon petition.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="179">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前二項の決定に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) No appeal may be entered against the ruling set forth in the preceding two paragraphs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="180">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（管轄裁判所の特例）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Special Provisions on the Court of Jurisdiction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="181">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第十条の二　前節の規定により日本の裁判所が管轄権を有する訴えについて、この法律の他の規定又は他の法令の規定により管轄裁判所が定まらないときは、その訴えは、最高裁判所規則で定める地を管轄する裁判所の管轄に属する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 10-2 With regard to an action over which the Japanese courts have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Section, if the court of jurisdiction is not determined pursuant to other provisions of this Code or provisions of other laws and regulations, the action is under the jurisdiction of the court of jurisdiction in the locality specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="182">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（管轄の合意）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Agreement on Jurisdiction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="183">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第十一条　当事者は、第一審に限り、合意により管轄裁判所を定めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 11 (1) The parties may determine the court of jurisdiction by agreement, but only in the first instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="184">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の合意は、一定の法律関係に基づく訴えに関し、かつ、書面でしなければ、その効力を生じない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The agreement as referred to in the preceding paragraph is not valid unless it is made regarding actions that are based on a specific legal relationship, and executed by means of a paper document.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="185">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の合意がその内容を記録した電磁的記録によってされたときは、その合意は、書面によってされたものとみなして、前項の規定を適用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If Electronic or Magnetic Records in which the content of the agreement is recorded are used to execute the agreement as referred to in paragraph (1), the agreement is deemed to have been executed by means of a paper document and the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="186">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第十二条　被告が第一審裁判所において管轄違いの抗弁を提出しないで本案について弁論をし、又は弁論準備手続において申述をしたときは、その裁判所は、管轄権を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 12 If a defendant presents an oral argument on the merits of the case or enters a statement in preparatory proceedings before the court of first instance without entering a defense of lack of jurisdiction, that court has jurisdiction.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="187">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（専属管轄の場合の適用除外等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Exclusion from Application Due to Exclusive Jurisdiction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="188">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第十三条　第四条第一項、第五条、第六条第二項、第六条の二、第七条及び前二条の規定は、訴えについて法令に専属管轄の定めがある場合には、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 13 (1) The provisions of Article 4, paragraph (1); Article 5; Article 6, paragraph (2); Article 6-2; Article 7; and the preceding two Articles do not apply if exclusive jurisdiction over an action is provided for by law or regulation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="189">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　特許権等に関する訴えについて、第七条又は前二条の規定によれば第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所が管轄権を有すべき場合には、前項の規定にかかわらず、第七条又は前二条の規定により、その裁判所は、管轄権を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if a court stipulated in the first portion of either of the items of Article 6, paragraph (1) is to have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of Article 7 or the preceding two Articles over an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc., that court has jurisdiction over the action, pursuant to the provisions of Article 7 or the preceding two Articles.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="190">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（職権証拠調べ）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Examination of Evidence by the Court Sua Sponte)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="191">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第十四条　裁判所は、管轄に関する事項について、職権で証拠調べをすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 14 The court may conduct an examination of evidence sua sponte with regard to matters that concern jurisdiction.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="192">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（管轄の標準時）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Basis of Timing for Determining Jurisdiction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="193">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第十五条　裁判所の管轄は、訴えの提起の時を標準として定める。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 15 Whether a court has jurisdiction is determined on the basis of the time at which an action is filed.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="194">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（管轄違いの場合の取扱い）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Handling of Lack of Jurisdiction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="195">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第十六条　裁判所は、訴訟の全部又は一部がその管轄に属しないと認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、これを管轄裁判所に移送する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 16 (1) If the court finds that the whole or part of litigation is not subject to its jurisdiction, it transfers the litigation sua sponte to the court of jurisdiction.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="196">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　地方裁判所は、訴訟がその管轄区域内の簡易裁判所の管轄に属する場合においても、相当と認めるときは、前項の規定にかかわらず、申立てにより又は職権で、訴訟の全部又は一部について自ら審理及び裁判をすることができる。ただし、訴訟がその簡易裁判所の専属管轄（当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。）に属する場合は、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, even if the litigation is subject to the jurisdiction of a summary court that is under its territorial jurisdiction, the district court, upon petition or sua sponte, may conduct the trial and reach a judicial decision itself for the whole or part of the litigation, if it finds this to be appropriate; provided, however, that this does not apply if the litigation is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of such a summary court (excluding exclusive jurisdiction determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="197">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（遅滞を避ける等のための移送）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Transfer to Avoid Delay)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="198">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第十七条　第一審裁判所は、訴訟がその管轄に属する場合においても、当事者及び尋問を受けるべき証人の住所、使用すべき検証物の所在地その他の事情を考慮して、訴訟の著しい遅滞を避け、又は当事者間の衡平を図るため必要があると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、訴訟の全部又は一部を他の管轄裁判所に移送することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 17 Even if the litigation is subject to its jurisdiction, the court of first instance, upon petition or sua sponte, may transfer the whole or part of the litigation to another court of jurisdiction if it finds this to be necessary in order to avoid a substantial delay in litigation or to ensure equity between the parties, in consideration of the domicile of each party and witnesses to be examined, the location of any object to be inspected that is to be used, and any other circumstances.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="199">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（簡易裁判所の裁量移送）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Discretionary Transfer by the Summary Court)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="200">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第十八条　簡易裁判所は、訴訟がその管轄に属する場合においても、相当と認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、訴訟の全部又は一部をその所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に移送することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 18 Even if the litigation is subject to its jurisdiction, a summary court, upon petition or sua sponte, may transfer the whole or part of litigation to the district court of jurisdiction in that locality, if it finds this to be appropriate.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="201">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（必要的移送）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mandatory Transfer)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="202">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第十九条　第一審裁判所は、訴訟がその管轄に属する場合においても、当事者の申立て及び相手方の同意があるときは、訴訟の全部又は一部を申立てに係る地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所に移送しなければならない。ただし、移送により著しく訴訟手続を遅滞させることとなるとき、又はその申立てが、簡易裁判所からその所在地を管轄する地方裁判所への移送の申立て以外のものであって、被告が本案について弁論をし、若しくは弁論準備手続において申述をした後にされたものであるときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 19 (1) If a party petitions and the adverse party consents, the court of first instance shall transfer the whole or part of litigation to the district court or summary court under that petition, even if the litigation is subject to its jurisdiction; provided, however, that this does not apply if the transfer would substantially delay litigation proceedings or if the petition is filed after the defendant has presented an oral argument on the merits of the case or entered a statement in preparatory proceedings, and if the petition is not for a transfer from the summary court to the district court of jurisdiction in that locality.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="203">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　簡易裁判所は、その管轄に属する不動産に関する訴訟につき被告の申立てがあるときは、訴訟の全部又は一部をその所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に移送しなければならない。ただし、その申立ての前に被告が本案について弁論をした場合は、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) At the petition of the defendant in litigation involving real property that is under the jurisdiction of the summary court, the summary court shall transfer the whole or part of litigation to the district court of jurisdiction in that locality; provided, however, that this does not apply if the defendant has presented an oral argument on the merits of the case before filing that petition.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="204">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（専属管轄の場合の移送の制限）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Restriction on Transfer If There Is Exclusive Jurisdiction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="205">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二十条　前三条の規定は、訴訟がその係属する裁判所の専属管轄（当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。）に属する場合には、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 20 (1) The provisions of the preceding three Articles do not apply if the litigation is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the court before which it is pending (except exclusive jurisdiction determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="206">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　特許権等に関する訴えに係る訴訟について、第十七条又は前条第一項の規定によれば第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所に移送すべき場合には、前項の規定にかかわらず、第十七条又は前条第一項の規定を適用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if litigation in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc. is to be transferred to a court specified in either item of Article 6, paragraph (1) pursuant to the provisions of Article 17 or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the provisions of Article 17 or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article apply.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="207">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（特許権等に関する訴え等に係る訴訟の移送）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Transfer of Litigation in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc.)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="208">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二十条の二　第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所は、特許権等に関する訴えに係る訴訟が同項の規定によりその管轄に専属する場合においても、当該訴訟において審理すべき専門技術的事項を欠くことその他の事情により著しい損害又は遅滞を避けるため必要があると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、訴訟の全部又は一部を第四条、第五条若しくは第十一条の規定によれば管轄権を有すべき地方裁判所又は第十九条第一項の規定によれば移送を受けるべき地方裁判所に移送することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 20-2 (1) Even if the litigation in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc. is under the exclusive jurisdiction of a court specified in either item of Article 6, paragraph (1) pursuant to the provisions of the same paragraph, the court, upon petition or sua sponte, may transfer the whole or part of litigation to the district court that has jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of Article 4, 5, or 11 or the district court that shall accept litigation transferred thereto pursuant to the provisions of Article 19, paragraph (1), if the court finds this to be necessary in order to avoid substantial harm or delay due to its lack of ability to try a specialized and technical matter that is to be tried through the litigation, or due to other circumstances.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="209">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　東京高等裁判所は、第六条第三項の控訴が提起された場合において、その控訴審において審理すべき専門技術的事項を欠くことその他の事情により著しい損害又は遅滞を避けるため必要があると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、訴訟の全部又は一部を大阪高等裁判所に移送することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) At the filing an appeal to the court of second instance as mentioned in Article 6, paragraph (3), the Tokyo High Court, upon petition or sua sponte, may transfer the whole or part of litigation to the Osaka High Court, if it finds this to be necessary in order to avoid substantial harm or delay due to its lack of ability to try a specialized and technical matter that is to be tried by the court of second instance, or due to other circumstances.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="210">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二十一条　移送の決定及び移送の申立てを却下した決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 21 An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling to transfer litigation or a ruling to dismiss a petition without prejudice for transfer.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="211">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（移送の裁判の拘束力等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Binding Effect of a Judicial Decision for a Transfer)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="212">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二十二条　確定した移送の裁判は、移送を受けた裁判所を拘束する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 22 (1) A judicial decision for a transfer which has become final and binding is binding on the court that has accepted the transferred case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="213">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　移送を受けた裁判所は、更に事件を他の裁判所に移送することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The court that has accepted a transferred case may not further transfer the case to another court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="214">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　移送の裁判が確定したときは、訴訟は、初めから移送を受けた裁判所に係属していたものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Once a judicial decision for a transfer becomes final and binding, the litigation is deemed to have been pending before the court to which it has been transferred since it was first brought to the initial court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="215">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三節　裁判所職員の除斥及び忌避</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 3 Disqualifying or Challenging a Court Official</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="216">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（裁判官の除斥）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Disqualifying a Judge)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="217">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二十三条　裁判官は、次に掲げる場合には、その職務の執行から除斥される。ただし、第六号に掲げる場合にあっては、他の裁判所の嘱託により受託裁判官としてその職務を行うことを妨げない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 23 (1) In the following cases, a judge is disqualified from performing the duties of a judge; provided, however, that in the case set forth in item (vi), this does not preclude a judge from performing duties as a commissioned judge based on a commission from another court:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="218">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　裁判官又はその配偶者若しくは配偶者であった者が、事件の当事者であるとき、又は事件について当事者と共同権利者、共同義務者若しくは償還義務者の関係にあるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) if the judge, or the judge's spouse or former spouse, is a party to the case, or is related to a party to the case as a joint obligee, joint obligor, or obligor for redemption;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="219">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　裁判官が当事者の四親等内の血族、三親等内の姻族若しくは同居の親族であるとき、又はあったとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) if the judge is or was formerly the relative of a party to the case within the fourth degree of consanguinity or the third degree of affinity, or is or was formerly the cohabiting relative of a party to the case;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="220">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　裁判官が当事者の後見人、後見監督人、保佐人、保佐監督人、補助人又は補助監督人であるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) if the judge is the guardian, supervisor of the guardian, curator, supervisor of the curator, assistant, or supervisor of the assistant of a party to the case;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="221">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　裁判官が事件について証人又は鑑定人となったとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) if the judge becomes a witness or expert in the case;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="222">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>五　裁判官が事件について当事者の代理人又は補佐人であるとき、又はあったとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(v) if a judge is or was formerly a party's representative or assistant in court in the case;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="223">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>六　裁判官が事件について仲裁判断に関与し、又は不服を申し立てられた前審の裁判に関与したとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(vi) if the judge participated in granting an arbitral award in the case or participated in reaching the judicial decision in the prior instance against which an appeal has been entered.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="224">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項に規定する除斥の原因があるときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、除斥の裁判をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If any of the grounds for disqualification prescribed in the preceding paragraph exist, the court, upon petition or sua sponte, reaches a judicial decision to disqualify.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="225">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（裁判官の忌避）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Challenging a Judge)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="226">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二十四条　裁判官について裁判の公正を妨げるべき事情があるときは、当事者は、その裁判官を忌避することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 24 (1) If there are circumstances involving a judge which could prejudice the impartiality of a judicial decision, a party may challenge that judge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="227">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　当事者は、裁判官の面前において弁論をし、又は弁論準備手続において申述をしたときは、その裁判官を忌避することができない。ただし、忌避の原因があることを知らなかったとき、又は忌避の原因がその後に生じたときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Once a party has presented an oral argument or entered a statement in preparatory proceedings before a judge, the party may not challenge that judge; provided, however, that this does not apply if the party did not know of the existence of any grounds for challenge at that time or if the grounds for the challenge occur thereafter.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="228">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（除斥又は忌避の裁判）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Judicial Decisions Regarding a Disqualification or Challenge)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="229">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二十五条　合議体の構成員である裁判官及び地方裁判所の一人の裁判官の除斥又は忌避についてはその裁判官の所属する裁判所が、簡易裁判所の裁判官の除斥又は忌避についてはその裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が、決定で、裁判をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 25 (1) The judicial decision on the disqualification of or challenge against a judge who is a member of a judicial panel or against a single district court judge is reached in the form of a ruling by the court to which the judge belongs, and the judicial decision on the disqualification of or challenge against a summary court judge is reached in the form of a ruling by the district court of jurisdiction in that locality.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="230">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　地方裁判所における前項の裁判は、合議体でする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the district court, the judicial decision as referred to in the preceding paragraph is reached by a judicial panel.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="231">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　裁判官は、その除斥又は忌避についての裁判に関与することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) A judge may not be involved in a judicial decision on that judge's own disqualification or on a challenge against that judge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="232">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　除斥又は忌避を理由があるとする決定に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) No appeal may be entered against a ruling finding grounds for disqualification or challenge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="233">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　除斥又は忌避を理由がないとする決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling finding there to be no grounds for disqualification or challenge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="234">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟手続の停止）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Stay of Litigation Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="235">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二十六条　除斥又は忌避の申立てがあったときは、その申立てについての決定が確定するまで訴訟手続を停止しなければならない。ただし、急速を要する行為については、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 26 If a petition to disqualify or challenge is filed, litigation proceedings shall be stayed until the ruling on the petition becomes final and binding; provided, however, that this does not apply with respect to any act requiring urgency.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="236">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（裁判所書記官への準用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mutatis Mutandis Application to Court Clerks)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="237">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二十七条　この節の規定は、裁判所書記官について準用する。この場合においては、裁判は、裁判所書記官の所属する裁判所がする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 27 The provisions of this Section apply mutatis mutandis to court clerks. This being the case, the judicial decision is reached by the court to which the court clerk belongs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="238">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三章　当事者</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter III The Parties</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="239">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一節　当事者能力及び訴訟能力</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 1 Capacity as a Party and Capacity to Sue or Be Sued</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="240">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二十八条　当事者能力、訴訟能力及び訴訟無能力者の法定代理は、この法律に特別の定めがある場合を除き、民法（明治二十九年法律第八十九号）その他の法令に従う。訴訟行為をするのに必要な授権についても、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 28 Except as otherwise provided for in this Code, capacity as a party, the capacity to sue or be sued, and the statutory representation of a person lacking the capacity to sue or be sued are governed by the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896) and other laws and regulations. The same applies to the delegation of the powers necessary for performing procedural acts.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="241">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（法人でない社団等の当事者能力）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(A Non-Corporate Association's or Foundation's Capacity as a Party)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="242">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二十九条　法人でない社団又は財団で代表者又は管理人の定めがあるものは、その名において訴え、又は訴えられることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 29 An association or foundation that is not a corporation and that has a designated representative or administrator may sue or be sued in the name of that representative or administrator.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="243">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（選定当事者）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Appointed Party)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="244">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三十条　共同の利益を有する多数の者で前条の規定に該当しないものは、その中から、全員のために原告又は被告となるべき一人又は数人を選定することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 30 (1) Persons with a common interest that do not fall under the provisions of the preceding Article may appoint one or more persons from among themselves to stand as the plaintiff or defendant on behalf of all.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="245">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　訴訟の係属の後、前項の規定により原告又は被告となるべき者を選定したときは、他の当事者は、当然に訴訟から脱退する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If, after litigation becomes pending before the court, a person is appointed to stand as the plaintiff or defendant pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, any plaintiff other than the party appointed to stand as the plaintiff or any defendant other than the party appointed to stand as the defendant is automatically withdrawn from the litigation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="246">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　係属中の訴訟の原告又は被告と共同の利益を有する者で当事者でないものは、その原告又は被告を自己のためにも原告又は被告となるべき者として選定することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) A person that shares a common interest with the plaintiff or defendant in pending litigation but that is not a party to the litigation may appoint that plaintiff or defendant to also stand as plaintiff or defendant on that person's behalf.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="247">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第一項又は前項の規定により原告又は被告となるべき者を選定した者（以下「選定者」という。）は、その選定を取り消し、又は選定された当事者（以下「選定当事者」という。）を変更することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) A person that has appointed a party to stand as the plaintiff or defendant pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as an "Appointer") may rescind the appointment or change the party thus appointed (hereinafter referred to as the "Appointed Party").</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="248">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　選定当事者のうち死亡その他の事由によりその資格を喪失した者があるときは、他の選定当事者において全員のために訴訟行為をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) If an Appointed Party dies, or due to other reasons loses that status, another Appointed Party may perform procedural acts on behalf of all.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="249">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（未成年者及び成年被後見人の訴訟能力）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Minors' and Adult Wards' Capacity to Sue and Be Sued)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="250">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三十一条　未成年者及び成年被後見人は、法定代理人によらなければ、訴訟行為をすることができない。ただし、未成年者が独立して法律行為をすることができる場合は、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 31 A minor or an adult ward may not perform any procedural act except through a statutory agent; provided, however, that this does not apply if the minor may perform juridical acts independently.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="251">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（被保佐人、被補助人及び法定代理人の訴訟行為の特則）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Special Provisions on Procedural Acts by Persons under Curatorship, Persons under Assistance, and Statutory Agents)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="252">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三十二条　被保佐人、被補助人（訴訟行為をすることにつきその補助人の同意を得ることを要するものに限る。次項及び第四十条第四項において同じ。）又は後見人その他の法定代理人が相手方の提起した訴え又は上訴について訴訟行為をするには、保佐人若しくは保佐監督人、補助人若しくは補助監督人又は後見監督人の同意その他の授権を要しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 32 (1) A person under curatorship, a person under assistance (limited to a person that is required to obtain consent from the assistant to perform procedural acts; the same applies in the following paragraph and Article 40, paragraph (4)), or a guardian or any other statutory agent is not required to obtain consent or the delegation of powers from the curator or supervisor of the curator, assistant or supervisor of the assistant, or supervisor of the guardian in order to perform a procedural act with regard to an action or appeal filed by an adverse party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="253">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　被保佐人、被補助人又は後見人その他の法定代理人が次に掲げる訴訟行為をするには、特別の授権がなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A person under curatorship, a person under assistance, or a guardian or any other statutory agent shall obtain a special delegation of powers in order to perform any of the following procedural acts:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="254">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　訴えの取下げ、和解、請求の放棄若しくは認諾又は第四十八条（第五十条第三項及び第五十一条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による脱退</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) withdrawing an action, entering into a settlement, waiving or acknowledging a claim, or withdrawing from litigation pursuant to the provisions of Article 48 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 50, paragraph (3) and Article 51);</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="255">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　控訴、上告又は第三百十八条第一項の申立ての取下げ</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) withdrawing an appeal to the court of second instance, a final appeal, or the petition as referred to in Article 318, paragraph (1);</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="256">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　第三百六十条（第三百六十七条第二項及び第三百七十八条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による異議の取下げ又はその取下げについての同意</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) withdrawing an objection under the provisions of Article 360 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 367, paragraph (2) and Article 378, paragraph (2)) or consenting to such a withdrawal.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="257">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（外国人の訴訟能力の特則）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Special Provisions on Foreign Nationals' Capacity to Sue and Be Sued)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="258">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三十三条　外国人は、その本国法によれば訴訟能力を有しない場合であっても、日本法によれば訴訟能力を有すべきときは、訴訟能力者とみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 33 Even if a foreign national does not have the capacity to sue or be sued pursuant to the laws of the home country, the foreign national is deemed to have the capacity to sue or be sued if such is the case pursuant to Japanese law.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="259">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟能力等を欠く場合の措置等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Measures If a Person Lacks Capacity to Sue or Be Sued)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="260">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三十四条　訴訟能力、法定代理権又は訴訟行為をするのに必要な授権を欠くときは、裁判所は、期間を定めて、その補正を命じなければならない。この場合において、遅滞のため損害を生ずるおそれがあるときは、裁判所は、一時訴訟行為をさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 34 (1) If a person lacks the capacity to sue or be sued, authority of statutory representation, or delegation of powers that is necessary for performing a procedural act, the court shall order this to be corrected within a specified time frame. In such a case, if there is a risk of damage arising from a delay, the court may have such a person perform procedural acts on a temporary basis.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="261">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　訴訟能力、法定代理権又は訴訟行為をするのに必要な授権を欠く者がした訴訟行為は、これらを有するに至った当事者又は法定代理人の追認により、行為の時にさかのぼってその効力を生ずる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A procedural act performed by a person who lacks the capacity to sue or be sued, the authority of statutory representation, or the delegation of powers that is necessary for performing that procedural act, becomes valid, retroactive to the time of the act, once ratified by a party or statutory agent that has come to satisfy such requirements.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="262">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前二項の規定は、選定当事者が訴訟行為をする場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis if an appointed party performs procedural acts.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="263">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（特別代理人）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Special Agents)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="264">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三十五条　法定代理人がない場合又は法定代理人が代理権を行うことができない場合において、未成年者又は成年被後見人に対し訴訟行為をしようとする者は、遅滞のため損害を受けるおそれがあることを疎明して、受訴裁判所の裁判長に特別代理人の選任を申し立てることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 35 (1) If there is no statutory agent or if a statutory agent is unable to exercise the authority of representation, a person seeking to perform a procedural act against a minor or adult ward may request the presiding judge of the court in charge of the case to appoint a special agent, by making a prima facie showing of the risk that the person will incur damage if there is a delay.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="265">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、いつでも特別代理人を改任することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The court may replace a special agent at any time.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="266">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　特別代理人が訴訟行為をするには、後見人と同一の授権がなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) In order to perform procedural acts, a special agent shall have the same delegation of powers as a guardian.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="267">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（法定代理権の消滅の通知）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Notice of Lapse of the Authority of Statutory Representation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="268">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三十六条　法定代理権の消滅は、本人又は代理人から相手方に通知しなければ、その効力を生じない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 36 (1) The lapse of the authority of statutory representation does not become valid until the principal or the agent notifies the adverse party thereof.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="269">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定は、選定当事者の選定の取消し及び変更について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to the rescission of the appointment of an Appointed Party or a change of the appointed party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="270">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（法人の代表者等への準用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mutatis Mutandis Application to the Representative of a Corporation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="271">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三十七条　この法律中法定代理及び法定代理人に関する規定は、法人の代表者及び法人でない社団又は財団でその名において訴え、又は訴えられることができるものの代表者又は管理人について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 37 In this Code, the provisions concerning a statutory agent and statutory representation apply mutatis mutandis to the representative of a corporation and to the representative or administrator of an association or foundation that is not a corporation but can sue or be sued in its own name.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="272">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二節　共同訴訟</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 2 Joint Litigation</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="273">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（共同訴訟の要件）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Requirements for Joint Litigation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="274">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三十八条　訴訟の目的である権利又は義務が数人について共通であるとき、又は同一の事実上及び法律上の原因に基づくときは、その数人は、共同訴訟人として訴え、又は訴えられることができる。訴訟の目的である権利又は義務が同種であって事実上及び法律上同種の原因に基づくときも、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 38 If rights or obligations that are the subject matter of litigation are common to two or more persons or are based on the same factual or statutory causes, these persons may sue or be sued as co-litigants. The same applies if rights or obligations that are the subject matter of litigation are of the same kind and based on the same kind of factual or statutory causes.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="275">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（共同訴訟人の地位）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Status of Co-Litigants)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="276">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三十九条　共同訴訟人の一人の訴訟行為、共同訴訟人の一人に対する相手方の訴訟行為及び共同訴訟人の一人について生じた事項は、他の共同訴訟人に影響を及ぼさない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 39 A procedural act performed by one of the co-litigants, a procedural act performed against one of the co-litigants by the adverse party, and any matter arising with regard to one of the co-litigants does not affect any other co-litigant.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="277">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（必要的共同訴訟）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mandatory Joint Litigation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="278">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四十条　訴訟の目的が共同訴訟人の全員について合一にのみ確定すべき場合には、その一人の訴訟行為は、全員の利益においてのみその効力を生ずる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 40 (1) If the subject matter of litigation is to be determined for all co-litigants only as a unified matter, procedural acts performed by one of them become valid only in the interests of all of the co-litigants.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="279">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項に規定する場合には、共同訴訟人の一人に対する相手方の訴訟行為は、全員に対してその効力を生ずる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In a case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, procedural acts performed against one of the co-litigants by the adverse party are valid against all of them.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="280">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項に規定する場合において、共同訴訟人の一人について訴訟手続の中断又は中止の原因があるときは、その中断又は中止は、全員についてその効力を生ずる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) In a case prescribed in paragraph (1), if there are grounds for a continuance or suspension of litigation proceedings with regard to one of the co-litigants, the continuance or suspension is valid against all of them.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="281">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第三十二条第一項の規定は、第一項に規定する場合において、共同訴訟人の一人が提起した上訴について他の共同訴訟人である被保佐人若しくは被補助人又は他の共同訴訟人の後見人その他の法定代理人のすべき訴訟行為について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) The provisions of Article 32, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis, in the case prescribed in paragraph (1), to procedural acts that a co-litigant who is a person under curatorship or person under assistance, or a guardian or other statutory agent shall perform in an appeal filed by one of the co-litigants.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="282">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（同時審判の申出がある共同訴訟）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Joint Litigation Involving a Request for a Simultaneous Trial and Decision)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="283">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四十一条　共同被告の一方に対する訴訟の目的である権利と共同被告の他方に対する訴訟の目的である権利とが法律上併存し得ない関係にある場合において、原告の申出があったときは、弁論及び裁判は、分離しないでしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 41 (1) If a right that is the subject matter of litigation for one codefendant and a right that is the subject matter of litigation for another codefendant cannot legally coexist and the plaintiff so requests, oral arguments shall be held and judicial decisions reached without instituting separate litigation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="284">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の申出は、控訴審の口頭弁論の終結の時までにしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The request as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be made by the time of conclusion of oral arguments in the second instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="285">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の場合において、各共同被告に係る控訴事件が同一の控訴裁判所に各別に係属するときは、弁論及び裁判は、併合してしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) In the case as referred to in paragraph (1), if cases under appeal that each have a codefendant are pending separately before the same court of second instance, oral arguments shall be held and judicial decisions reached following their consolidation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="286">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三節　訴訟参加</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 3 Intervention</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="287">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四十二条　訴訟の結果について利害関係を有する第三者は、当事者の一方を補助するため、その訴訟に参加することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 42 A third party with an interest in the outcome of litigation may intervene in the litigation in order to assist either party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="288">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（補助参加の申出）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Application for Supporting Intervention)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="289">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四十三条　補助参加の申出は、参加の趣旨及び理由を明らかにして、補助参加により訴訟行為をすべき裁判所にしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 43 (1) An application for supporting intervention shall clarify the purpose and the grounds for the intervention, and shall be filed with the court where procedural acts in that supporting intervention are required to be performed.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="290">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　補助参加の申出は、補助参加人としてすることができる訴訟行為とともにすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An application for supporting intervention may be filed in conjunction with the performance of a procedural act that may be performed by a supporting intervener.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="291">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（補助参加についての異議等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Objection to Supporting Intervention)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="292">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四十四条　当事者が補助参加について異議を述べたときは、裁判所は、補助参加の許否について、決定で、裁判をする。この場合においては、補助参加人は、参加の理由を疎明しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 44 (1) If a party objects to a supporting intervention, the court reaches a judicial decision, in the form of a ruling, on whether or not to permit the supporting intervention. In such a case, the supporting intervener shall make a prima facie showing of the reasons for the intervention.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="293">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の異議は、当事者がこれを述べないで弁論をし、又は弁論準備手続において申述をした後は、述べることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A party may not raise the objection as referred to in the preceding paragraph after having presented oral arguments or entered a statement in preparatory proceedings without raising such objection.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="294">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の裁判に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) An immediate appeal may be filed against the judicial decision as referred to in paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="295">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（補助参加人の訴訟行為）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Procedural Acts by a Supporting Intervener)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="296">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四十五条　補助参加人は、訴訟について、攻撃又は防御の方法の提出、異議の申立て、上訴の提起、再審の訴えの提起その他一切の訴訟行為をすることができる。ただし、補助参加の時における訴訟の程度に従いすることができないものは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 45 (1) A supporting intervener may present allegations and evidence, file an objection, file an appeal, file a demand for a retrial, or perform any other procedural act in the litigation in question; provided, however, that this does not apply to procedural acts that the supporting intervener may not perform due to the progress of the litigation at the time of the supporting intervention.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="297">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　補助参加人の訴訟行為は、被参加人の訴訟行為と抵触するときは、その効力を有しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A procedural act performed by a supporting intervener is invalid if it conflicts with a procedural act performed by the party being supported in the intervention.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="298">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　補助参加人は、補助参加について異議があった場合においても、補助参加を許さない裁判が確定するまでの間は、訴訟行為をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Even if an objection has been raised against a supporting intervention, a supporting intervener may perform procedural acts until a judicial decision disallowing the supporting intervention becomes final and binding.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="299">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　補助参加人の訴訟行為は、補助参加を許さない裁判が確定した場合においても、当事者が援用したときは、その効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) A procedural act performed by a supporting intervener is valid if invoked by a party, even if a judicial decision disallowing the supporting intervention becomes final and binding.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="300">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（補助参加人に対する裁判の効力）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Effect of a Judicial Decision against a Supporting Intervener)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="301">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四十六条　補助参加に係る訴訟の裁判は、次に掲げる場合を除き、補助参加人に対してもその効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 46 A judicial decision in litigation that involves a supporting intervention is also effective against the supporting intervener, except in the following cases:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="302">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　前条第一項ただし書の規定により補助参加人が訴訟行為をすることができなかったとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) if the supporting intervener is unable to perform a procedural act, pursuant to the provisions of the proviso to paragraph (1) of the preceding Article;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="303">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　前条第二項の規定により補助参加人の訴訟行為が効力を有しなかったとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) if a procedural act by the supporting intervener is invalid, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="304">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　被参加人が補助参加人の訴訟行為を妨げたとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) if the party being supported in the intervention interferes with a procedural act by the supporting intervener;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="305">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　被参加人が補助参加人のすることができない訴訟行為を故意又は過失によってしなかったとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) if the party being supported in the intervention intentionally or negligently fails to perform a procedural act that a supporting intervener is not permitted to perform.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="306">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（独立当事者参加）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Intervention as an Independent Party)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="307">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四十七条　訴訟の結果によって権利が害されることを主張する第三者又は訴訟の目的の全部若しくは一部が自己の権利であることを主張する第三者は、その訴訟の当事者の双方又は一方を相手方として、当事者としてその訴訟に参加することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 47 (1) A third party asserting that a right will be prejudiced by the outcome of litigation or a third party asserting entitlement to the whole or part of the subject matter of litigation may intervene in the litigation as a party, designating either or both of the parties to the litigation as an adverse party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="308">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定による参加の申出は、書面でしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An application for the intervention under the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be filed by means of a paper document.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="309">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の書面は、当事者双方に送達しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The paper document as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be served upon both parties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="310">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第四十条第一項から第三項までの規定は第一項の訴訟の当事者及び同項の規定によりその訴訟に参加した者について、第四十三条の規定は同項の規定による参加の申出について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) The provisions of Article 40, paragraphs (1) to (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the parties to litigation set forth in paragraph (1) and a person that has intervened in the litigation pursuant to the provisions of said paragraph; and the provisions of Article 43 apply mutatis mutandis to an application for intervention under the provisions of said paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="311">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四十八条　前条第一項の規定により自己の権利を主張するため訴訟に参加した者がある場合には、参加前の原告又は被告は、相手方の承諾を得て訴訟から脱退することができる。この場合において、判決は、脱退した当事者に対してもその効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 48 If a person has intervened in litigation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article in order to assert that person's own right, the plaintiff or defendant from prior to the intervention may withdraw from the litigation, with the consent of the adverse party. In such a case, the judgment on the litigation is also valid against the withdrawing party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="312">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（権利承継人の訴訟参加の場合における時効の中断等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Interruption of Prescription for Intervention by the Transferee of a Right)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="313">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四十九条　訴訟の係属中その訴訟の目的である権利の全部又は一部を譲り受けたことを主張して、第四十七条第一項の規定により訴訟参加をしたときは、その参加は、訴訟の係属の初めにさかのぼって時効の中断又は法律上の期間の遵守の効力を生ずる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 49 If a person has intervened in litigation pursuant to the provisions of Article 47, paragraph (1) by asserting that, while the litigation has been pending, the person has accepted by transfer the whole or part of the right that is the subject matter of litigation, that person's intervention has the effect of interrupting prescription or causing a statutory time frame to be observed, retroactive to the time when the litigation first became pending.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="314">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（義務承継人の訴訟引受け）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Assumption of Litigation by the Successor of an Obligation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="315">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五十条　訴訟の係属中第三者がその訴訟の目的である義務の全部又は一部を承継したときは、裁判所は、当事者の申立てにより、決定で、その第三者に訴訟を引き受けさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 50 (1) If, while litigation is pending, a third party succeeds to the whole or part of an obligation that is the subject matter of litigation, the court, at the petition of an original party, may issue a ruling to have such third party assume the litigation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="316">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、前項の決定をする場合には、当事者及び第三者を審尋しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Before issuing the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph, the court shall hear the original party and the third party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="317">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第四十一条第一項及び第三項並びに前二条の規定は、第一項の規定により訴訟を引き受けさせる決定があった場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provisions of Article 41, paragraphs (1) and (3) and the preceding two Articles apply mutatis mutandis if a ruling is issued to have a third party assume litigation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="318">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（義務承継人の訴訟参加及び権利承継人の訴訟引受け）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Intervention by the Successor of an Obligation and Assumption of Litigation by the Transferee of a Right)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="319">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五十一条　第四十七条から第四十九条までの規定は訴訟の係属中その訴訟の目的である義務の全部又は一部を承継したことを主張する第三者の訴訟参加について、前条の規定は訴訟の係属中第三者がその訴訟の目的である権利の全部又は一部を譲り受けた場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 51 The provisions of Articles 47 to 49 apply mutatis mutandis to intervention by a third party that asserts that, while the litigation has been pending, that third party has succeeded to the whole or part of the obligation that is the subject matter of litigation; and the provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis if, while litigation is pending, a third party is transferred the whole or part of a right that is the subject matter of litigation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="320">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（共同訴訟参加）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Intervention as a Co-litigant)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="321">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五十二条　訴訟の目的が当事者の一方及び第三者について合一にのみ確定すべき場合には、その第三者は、共同訴訟人としてその訴訟に参加することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 52 (1) If the subject matter of litigation is to be determined for one of the original parties and a third party only as a unified matter, the third party may intervene in the litigation as a co-litigant.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="322">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第四十三条並びに第四十七条第二項及び第三項の規定は、前項の規定による参加の申出について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 43 and Article 47, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to an application for intervention under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="323">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五十三条　当事者は、訴訟の係属中、参加することができる第三者にその訴訟の告知をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 53 (1) While litigation is pending, a party may convey notice of the litigation to a third party that is permitted to intervene therein.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="324">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　訴訟告知を受けた者は、更に訴訟告知をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A person receiving notice of litigation may further convey notice of litigation to another person.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="325">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　訴訟告知は、その理由及び訴訟の程度を記載した書面を裁判所に提出してしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Notice of litigation shall be conveyed through the submission of a paper document to the court stating the grounds therefor and the progress of the litigation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="326">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　訴訟告知を受けた者が参加しなかった場合においても、第四十六条の規定の適用については、参加することができた時に参加したものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) Even if a person receiving notice of litigation does not intervene in the litigation, that person, for the purpose of application of the provisions of Article 46, is deemed to have intervened in the litigation at the time that that person could have intervened.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="327">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四節　訴訟代理人及び補佐人</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 4 Litigation Representatives and Assistants in Court</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="328">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟代理人の資格）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Qualification as a Litigation Representative)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="329">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五十四条　法令により裁判上の行為をすることができる代理人のほか、弁護士でなければ訴訟代理人となることができない。ただし、簡易裁判所においては、その許可を得て、弁護士でない者を訴訟代理人とすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 54 (1) Except for a representative who may act in court pursuant to law or regulation, no person other than an attorney at law may serve as a litigation representative; provided, however, that in summary court, with the court's permission, a person who is not an attorney at law may be named litigation representative.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="330">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の許可は、いつでも取り消すことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The permission set forth in the preceding paragraph may be rescinded at any time.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="331">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟代理権の範囲）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Scope of Authority of Representation in Litigation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="332">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五十五条　訴訟代理人は、委任を受けた事件について、反訴、参加、強制執行、仮差押え及び仮処分に関する訴訟行為をし、かつ、弁済を受領することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 55 (1) A litigation representative may perform procedural acts involved in a counterclaim, intervention, compulsory execution, provisional seizure, or provisional disposition for a case delegated thereto, and may receive payment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="333">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　訴訟代理人は、次に掲げる事項については、特別の委任を受けなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A litigation representative shall be specially delegated in order to perform the following:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="334">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　反訴の提起</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) filing a counterclaim;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="335">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　訴えの取下げ、和解、請求の放棄若しくは認諾又は第四十八条（第五十条第三項及び第五十一条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による脱退</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) withdrawing an action, entering into a settlement, waiving or acknowledging a claim, or effecting a withdrawal from litigation under the provisions of Article 48 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 50, paragraph (3) and Article 51);</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="336">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　控訴、上告若しくは第三百十八条第一項の申立て又はこれらの取下げ</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) filing an appeal to the court of second instance, a final appeal, or the petition as referred to in Article 318, paragraph (1), or withdrawing the same;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="337">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　第三百六十条（第三百六十七条第二項及び第三百七十八条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による異議の取下げ又はその取下げについての同意</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) withdrawing an objection under the provisions of Article 360 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 367, paragraph (2) and Article 378, paragraph (2)) or consenting to such withdrawal;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="338">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>五　代理人の選任</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(v) appointing a representative.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="339">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　訴訟代理権は、制限することができない。ただし、弁護士でない訴訟代理人については、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The authority of representation in litigation may not be restricted; provided, however, that this does not apply with respect to a litigation representative that is not an attorney at law.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="340">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　前三項の規定は、法令により裁判上の行為をすることができる代理人の権限を妨げない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs do not restrict the authority of a representative that may act in court pursuant to law or regulation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="341">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五十六条　訴訟代理人が数人あるときは、各自当事者を代理する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 56 (1) If there are multiple litigation representatives, each one shall represent a single party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="342">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　当事者が前項の規定と異なる定めをしても、その効力を生じない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Any provisions agreed upon between the parties that are contrary to the provisions of the preceding paragraph are invalid.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="343">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（当事者による更正）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Correction by the Party)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="344">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五十七条　訴訟代理人の事実に関する陳述は、当事者が直ちに取り消し、又は更正したときは、その効力を生じない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 57 Statements of fact that are entered by a litigation representative are invalid if immediately retracted or corrected by the party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="345">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟代理権の不消滅）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Non-Extinguishment of Authority of Representation in Litigation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="346">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五十八条　訴訟代理権は、次に掲げる事由によっては、消滅しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 58 (1) The following grounds do not extinguish the authority of representation in litigation:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="347">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　当事者の死亡又は訴訟能力の喪失</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) a party's death or loss of capacity to sue or be sued;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="348">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　当事者である法人の合併による消滅</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) the disappearance due to merger of a corporation that is a party;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="349">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　当事者である受託者の信託に関する任務の終了</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) termination of duties involved in a trust assigned to a trustee that is a party;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="350">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　法定代理人の死亡、訴訟能力の喪失又は代理権の消滅若しくは変更</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) a statutory agent's death or loss of capacity to sue or be sued, or extinguishment or modification of the statutory agent's authority of representation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="351">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　一定の資格を有する者で自己の名で他人のために訴訟の当事者となるものの訴訟代理人の代理権は、当事者の死亡その他の事由による資格の喪失によっては、消滅しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A litigation representative's authority of representation for a person of a certain status that stands as a party to litigation in that person's own name on behalf of another person does not extinguish due to the party's loss of that status due to death or on any other grounds.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="352">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の規定は、選定当事者が死亡その他の事由により資格を喪失した場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if an appointed party has lost that status due to death or on any other grounds.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="353">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（法定代理の規定の準用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Statutory Representation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="354">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五十九条　第三十四条第一項及び第二項並びに第三十六条第一項の規定は、訴訟代理について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 59 The provisions of Article 34, paragraphs (1) and (2) and Article 36, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to representation in litigation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="355">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六十条　当事者又は訴訟代理人は、裁判所の許可を得て、補佐人とともに出頭することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 60 (1) A party or litigation representative, with the permission of the court, may appear with an assistant in court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="356">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の許可は、いつでも取り消すことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The permission set forth in the preceding paragraph may be rescinded at any time.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="357">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　補佐人の陳述は、当事者又は訴訟代理人が直ちに取り消し、又は更正しないときは、当事者又は訴訟代理人が自らしたものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Statements entered by an assistant in court, unless immediately retracted or corrected by the party or the litigation representative, are deemed to have been made by the party or litigation representative, personally.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="358">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四章　訴訟費用</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter IV Court Costs</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="359">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一節　訴訟費用の負担</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 1 Burden of Court Costs</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="360">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟費用の負担の原則）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Principle of Burden of Court Costs)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="361">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六十一条　訴訟費用は、敗訴の当事者の負担とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 61 The defeated party bears the court costs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="362">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（不必要な行為があった場合等の負担）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Burden of Costs: Unnecessary Acts)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="363">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六十二条　裁判所は、事情により、勝訴の当事者に、その権利の伸張若しくは防御に必要でない行為によって生じた訴訟費用又は行為の時における訴訟の程度において相手方の権利の伸張若しくは防御に必要であった行為によって生じた訴訟費用の全部又は一部を負担させることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 62 Depending on the circumstances, the court may have the winning party bear all or part of court costs incurred due to any act that was unnecessary for the expansion or defense of the winning party's rights, or court costs incurred due to any act that was necessary, in light of the progress of the litigation as of the time of the act, for the expansion or defense of the adverse party's rights.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="364">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟を遅滞させた場合の負担）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Burden of Costs: Delay in Litigation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="365">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六十三条　当事者が適切な時期に攻撃若しくは防御の方法を提出しないことにより、又は期日若しくは期間の不遵守その他当事者の責めに帰すべき事由により訴訟を遅滞させたときは、裁判所は、その当事者に、その勝訴の場合においても、遅滞によって生じた訴訟費用の全部又は一部を負担させることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 63 If a party delays litigation due to a failure to present allegations or evidence in a timely manner, failure to keep a court date or observe a time frame, or any other grounds attributable to that party, the court may have that party bear all or part of court costs incurred due to the delay, even if that party wins the case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="366">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（一部敗訴の場合の負担）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Burden of Costs: Partial Defeat)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="367">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六十四条　一部敗訴の場合における各当事者の訴訟費用の負担は、裁判所が、その裁量で定める。ただし、事情により、当事者の一方に訴訟費用の全部を負担させることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 64 In the case of a partial defeat, the burden of court costs on each party is determined by the court at its discretion; provided, however, that depending on the circumstances, the court may have either party bear all court costs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="368">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（共同訴訟の場合の負担）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Burden of Costs in Joint Litigation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="369">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六十五条　共同訴訟人は、等しい割合で訴訟費用を負担する。ただし、裁判所は、事情により、共同訴訟人に連帯して訴訟費用を負担させ、又は他の方法により負担させることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 65 (1) Co-litigants bear court costs equally; provided, however, that the court, depending on the circumstances, may have co-litigants bear court costs jointly and severally or in any other manner.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="370">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、前項の規定にかかわらず、権利の伸張又は防御に必要でない行為をした当事者に、その行為によって生じた訴訟費用を負担させることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the court may have a party that has performed any act that was unnecessary for the expansion or defense of a right bear court costs incurred due to that act.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="371">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（補助参加の場合の負担）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Burden of Costs: Supporting Intervention)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="372">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六十六条　第六十一条から前条までの規定は、補助参加についての異議によって生じた訴訟費用の補助参加人とその異議を述べた当事者との間における負担の関係及び補助参加によって生じた訴訟費用の補助参加人と相手方との間における負担の関係について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 66 The provisions of Article 61 to the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the bearing of court costs incurred due to an objection to supporting intervention between the supporting intervener and the party that raises the objection, and to the bearing of court costs incurred due to supporting intervention between the supporting intervener and the adverse party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="373">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟費用の負担の裁判）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Judicial Decisions on the Burden of Court Costs)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="374">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六十七条　裁判所は、事件を完結する裁判において、職権で、その審級における訴訟費用の全部について、その負担の裁判をしなければならない。ただし、事情により、事件の一部又は中間の争いに関する裁判において、その費用についての負担の裁判をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 67 (1) In the judicial decision that concludes a case, the court shall reach a judicial decision sua sponte on the bearing of all court costs incurred in the relevant instance; provided, however, that depending on the circumstances, in a judicial decision on part of a case or on an interlocutory dispute, the court may reach a judicial decision on the bearing of those costs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="375">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　上級の裁判所が本案の裁判を変更する場合には、訴訟の総費用について、その負担の裁判をしなければならない。事件の差戻し又は移送を受けた裁判所がその事件を完結する裁判をする場合も、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a superior court modifies a judicial decision on the merits, it shall reach a judicial decision on the bearing of the total costs of litigation. The same applies when a court that has accepted a case remanded or transferred thereto reaches the judicial decision that concludes the case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="376">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（和解の場合の負担）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Burden of Costs: Settlement)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="377">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六十八条　当事者が裁判所において和解をした場合において、和解の費用又は訴訟費用の負担について特別の定めをしなかったときは、その費用は、各自が負担する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 68 If the parties reach a court settlement but make no special stipulations on the bearing of settlement costs or court costs, each party bears its own costs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="378">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（法定代理人等の費用償還）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Reimbursement of Costs by a Statutory Agent)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="379">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六十九条　法定代理人、訴訟代理人、裁判所書記官又は執行官が故意又は重大な過失によって無益な訴訟費用を生じさせたときは、受訴裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、これらの者に対し、その費用額の償還を命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 69 (1) If a statutory agent, litigation representative, court clerk, or court execution officer, intentionally or through gross negligence, gives rise to unnecessary court costs, the court in charge of the case, upon petition or sua sponte, may order that person to reimburse the amount of such costs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="380">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定は、法定代理人又は訴訟代理人として訴訟行為をした者が、その代理権又は訴訟行為をするのに必要な授権があることを証明することができず、かつ、追認を得ることができなかった場合において、その訴訟行為によって生じた訴訟費用について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a person performing a procedural act as a statutory agent or litigation representative has failed to prove that the person has the authority of representation or delegation of powers necessary for performing a procedural act and has also failed to have the act ratified, the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to the court costs arising from that procedural act.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="381">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項（前項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling under the provision of paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="382">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（無権代理人の費用負担）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(The Bearing of Costs by an Unauthorized Representative)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="383">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七十条　前条第二項に規定する場合において、裁判所が訴えを却下したときは、訴訟費用は、代理人として訴訟行為をした者の負担とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 70 In a case prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, if the court dismisses an action without prejudice, the person performing procedural acts as a representative bears the court costs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="384">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟費用額の確定手続）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Procedures for Fixing the Amount of Court Costs)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="385">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七十一条　訴訟費用の負担の額は、その負担の裁判が執行力を生じた後に、申立てにより、第一審裁判所の裁判所書記官が定める。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 71 (1) The amount of court costs to be borne is fixed, upon petition, by the court clerk of the court of first instance after the judicial decision on the bearing of costs becomes enforceable.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="386">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の場合において、当事者双方が訴訟費用を負担するときは、最高裁判所規則で定める場合を除き、各当事者の負担すべき費用は、その対当額について相殺があったものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, except when specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court, if both parties bear court costs, the costs that each party shall bear are deemed to offset the corresponding amount of costs that the other party or parties shall bear.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="387">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の申立てに関する処分は、相当と認める方法で告知することによって、その効力を生ずる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) A disposition on the petition as referred to in paragraph (1) takes effect when notice thereof is given by a method that is considered to be appropriate.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="388">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　前項の処分に対する異議の申立ては、その告知を受けた日から一週間の不変期間内にしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) Any objection to a disposition as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be made within an inalterable time frame of one week from the day on which notice of the disposition is received.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="389">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　前項の異議の申立ては、執行停止の効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) An objection under the preceding paragraph has the effect of a stay of execution.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="390">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>６　裁判所は、第一項の規定による額を定める処分に対する異議の申立てを理由があると認める場合において、訴訟費用の負担の額を定めるべきときは、自らその額を定めなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(6) If the court finds that an objection to a disposition fixing the amount under the provisions of paragraph (1) is based on legal grounds and the amount of court costs to be borne shall be fixed, the court shall fix such amount itself.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="391">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>７　第四項の異議の申立てについての決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(7) An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling on an objection set forth in paragraph (4).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="392">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（和解の場合の費用額の確定手続）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Procedures for Fixing the Amount of Costs in a Settlement)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="393">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七十二条　当事者が裁判所において和解をした場合において、和解の費用又は訴訟費用の負担を定め、その額を定めなかったときは、その額は、申立てにより、第一審裁判所（第二百七十五条の和解にあっては、和解が成立した裁判所）の裁判所書記官が定める。この場合においては、前条第二項から第七項までの規定を準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 72 If the parties reach a court settlement but make no special stipulations about the bearing of settlement costs or court costs or do not fix the amount of these costs, the amount thereof is fixed, upon petition, by the court clerk of the court of first instance (for a settlement as referred to in Article 275, the court where the settlement is established). In such a case, the provisions of paragraphs (2) to (7) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="394">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟が裁判及び和解によらないで完結した場合等の取扱い）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Handling When Litigation Is Concluded Not by Judicial Decision or Settlement)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="395">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七十三条　訴訟が裁判及び和解によらないで完結したときは、申立てにより、第一審裁判所は決定で訴訟費用の負担を命じ、その裁判所の裁判所書記官はその決定が執行力を生じた後にその負担の額を定めなければならない。補助参加の申出の取下げ又は補助参加についての異議の取下げがあった場合も、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 73 (1) If litigation is concluded not by a judicial decision or settlement, the court of first instance, upon petition, shall issue a ruling ordering court costs to be borne, and the court clerk of that court shall fix the amount to be borne after the ruling becomes enforceable. The same applies if an application for supporting intervention is withdrawn or if an objection to supporting intervention is withdrawn.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="396">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第六十一条から第六十六条まで及び第七十一条第七項の規定は前項の申立てについての決定について、同条第二項及び第三項の規定は前項の申立てに関する裁判所書記官の処分について、同条第四項から第七項までの規定はその処分に対する異議の申立てについて準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Articles 61 to 66 and Article 71, paragraph (7) apply mutatis mutandis to a ruling on a petition under the preceding paragraph; the provisions of Article 71, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to a disposition rendered by the court clerk on a petition under the preceding paragraph, and the provisions of Article 71, paragraphs (4) through (7) apply mutatis mutandis to an objection to such disposition.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="397">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（費用額の確定処分の更正）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Correction of a Disposition Fixing the Amount of Costs)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="398">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七十四条　第七十一条第一項、第七十二条又は前条第一項の規定による額を定める処分に計算違い、誤記その他これらに類する明白な誤りがあるときは、裁判所書記官は、申立てにより又は職権で、いつでもその処分を更正することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 74 (1) If a miscalculation, clerical error, or any other similar mistake that is clearly an error has been made in a disposition that fixes the amount under the provisions of Article 71, paragraph (1), Article 72 or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the court clerk, upon petition or sua sponte, may correct the disposition at any time.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="399">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第七十一条第三項から第五項まで及び第七項の規定は、前項の規定による更正の処分及びこれに対する異議の申立てについて準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 71, paragraphs (3) to (5) and paragraph (7) apply mutatis mutandis to a disposition for a correction under the provisions of the preceding paragraph and any objection thereto.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="400">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項に規定する額を定める処分に対し適法な異議の申立てがあったときは、前項の異議の申立ては、することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Once a lawful objection is raised against a disposition that fixes the amount prescribed in paragraph (1), an objection may not be raised under the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="401">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二節　訴訟費用の担保</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 2 Security for Court Costs</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="402">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（担保提供命令）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Order to Provide Security)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="403">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七十五条　原告が日本国内に住所、事務所及び営業所を有しないときは、裁判所は、被告の申立てにより、決定で、訴訟費用の担保を立てるべきことを原告に命じなければならない。その担保に不足を生じたときも、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 75 (1) If a plaintiff is not domiciled in Japan or does not have a business office or other office in Japan, at the petition of the defendant, the court shall issue a ruling ordering the plaintiff to provide security for court costs. The same applies if such security becomes insufficient.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="404">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定は、金銭の支払の請求の一部について争いがない場合において、その額が担保として十分であるときは、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if there is no dispute over part of a claim for the payment of money and the amount of such part of the claim is sufficient as security.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="405">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　被告は、担保を立てるべき事由があることを知った後に本案について弁論をし、又は弁論準備手続において申述をしたときは、第一項の申立てをすることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Once a defendant has presented an oral argument on the merits or entered a statement in preparatory proceedings after having learned that there are grounds for security to be provided, the defendant may not file the petition as referred to in paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="406">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第一項の申立てをした被告は、原告が担保を立てるまで応訴を拒むことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) A defendant filing a petition under paragraph (1) may refuse to appear until the plaintiff provides security.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="407">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　裁判所は、第一項の決定において、担保の額及び担保を立てるべき期間を定めなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) In the ruling set forth in paragraph (1), the court shall specify the amount of security and the time frame for providing security.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="408">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>６　担保の額は、被告が全審級において支出すべき訴訟費用の総額を標準として定める。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(6) The amount of security is specified on the basis of the total amount of court costs the defendant would need to pay in all instances.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="409">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>７　第一項の申立てについての決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(7) An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling on a petition under paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="410">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（担保提供の方法）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Manner of Providing Security)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="411">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七十六条　担保を立てるには、担保を立てるべきことを命じた裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の管轄区域内の供託所に金銭又は裁判所が相当と認める有価証券（社債等の振替に関する法律（平成十三年法律第七十五号）第百二十九条第一項に規定する振替社債等を含む。次条において同じ。）を供託する方法その他最高裁判所規則で定める方法によらなければならない。ただし、当事者が特別の契約をしたときは、その契約による。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 76 In providing security, money or securities (including book-entry transfer company bonds, etc. prescribed in Article 129, paragraph (1) of the Act on Book-Entry Transfer of Company Bonds, etc. (Act No. 75 of 2001); the same applies in the following Article) that the court considers appropriate shall be deposited with an official depository within the territorial jurisdiction of the district court of jurisdiction in the locality of the court that orders the security to be provided, or shall be provided by a specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that if the parties have entered into a special contract, such contract prevails.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="412">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（担保物に対する被告の権利）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Defendant's Right to Collateral)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="413">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七十七条　被告は、訴訟費用に関し、前条の規定により供託した金銭又は有価証券について、他の債権者に先立ち弁済を受ける権利を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 77 A defendant has the right to receive payment for court costs, in preference to other creditors, from the money or securities deposited pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="414">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（担保不提供の効果）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Result of Failure to Provide Security)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="415">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七十八条　原告が担保を立てるべき期間内にこれを立てないときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、訴えを却下することができる。ただし、判決前に担保を立てたときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 78 If a plaintiff fails to provide security within the time frame during which it shall be provided, the court may enter a judgment dismissing the action without prejudice, without hearing oral arguments; provided, however, that this does not apply if the plaintiff provides security before such a judgment is entered.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="416">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（担保の取消し）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Release of Security)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="417">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七十九条　担保を立てた者が担保の事由が消滅したことを証明したときは、裁判所は、申立てにより、担保の取消しの決定をしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 79 (1) If a person providing security proves that the grounds for providing security have ceased to exist, the court, upon petition, shall rule to release that security.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="418">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　担保を立てた者が担保の取消しについて担保権利者の同意を得たことを証明したときも、前項と同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply if a person providing security proves that the person has obtained the consent of the security interest holder for the release of the security.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="419">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　訴訟の完結後、裁判所が、担保を立てた者の申立てにより、担保権利者に対し、一定の期間内にその権利を行使すべき旨を催告し、担保権利者がその行使をしないときは、担保の取消しについて担保権利者の同意があったものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If, after the conclusion of litigation, the court, at the petition of the person providing the security, notifies the security interest holder that the holder shall exercise the right to the security within a certain time frame and the security interest holder fails to do so, the security interest holder is deemed to consent to the release of the security.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="420">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第一項及び第二項の規定による決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling under the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="421">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（担保の変換）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Substitution of Security)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="422">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八十条　裁判所は、担保を立てた者の申立てにより、決定で、その担保の変換を命ずることができる。ただし、その担保を契約によって他の担保に変換することを妨げない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 80 At the petition of a person providing the security, the court may issue a ruling ordering the substitution of that security; provided, however, that this does not preclude other security from being substituted for that security pursuant to a contract.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="423">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（他の法令による担保への準用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mutatis Mutandis Application to Security under Other Laws and Regulations)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="424">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八十一条　第七十五条第四項、第五項及び第七項並びに第七十六条から前条までの規定は、他の法令により訴えの提起について立てるべき担保について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 81 The provisions of Article 75, paragraphs (4), (5), and (7) and Articles 76 to the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to any security that shall be provided pursuant to other laws and regulations for the filing of an action.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="425">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三節　訴訟上の救助</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 3 Legal Aid</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="426">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（救助の付与）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Granting Aid)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="427">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八十二条　訴訟の準備及び追行に必要な費用を支払う資力がない者又はその支払により生活に著しい支障を生ずる者に対しては、裁判所は、申立てにより、訴訟上の救助の決定をすることができる。ただし、勝訴の見込みがないとはいえないときに限る。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 82 (1) The court, upon petition, may issue a ruling granting legal aid to a person lacking the financial resources to pay the expenses necessary for preparing for and conducting litigation, or to a person for that paying such expenses would cause substantial adversity in daily life; provided, however, that this applies only if the person has some chance of winning the case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="428">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　訴訟上の救助の決定は、審級ごとにする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Rulings granting legal aid are issued separately for each instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="429">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（救助の効力等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Effects of Aid)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="430">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八十三条　訴訟上の救助の決定は、その定めるところに従い、訴訟及び強制執行について、次に掲げる効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 83 (1) A ruling granting legal aid has the following effects with regard to litigation and compulsory execution, in line with what is provided for in the ruling:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="431">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　裁判費用並びに執行官の手数料及びその職務の執行に要する費用の支払の猶予</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) a grace period for the payment of court costs, as well as for fees for a court execution officer and expenses necessary for the performance of the duties of the same;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="432">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　裁判所において付添いを命じた弁護士の報酬及び費用の支払の猶予</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a grace period for the payment of compensation and expenses for an attorney at law that is ordered by the court to help the person that has been granted legal aid;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="433">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　訴訟費用の担保の免除</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) exemption from providing security for court costs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="434">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　訴訟上の救助の決定は、これを受けた者のためにのみその効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A ruling granting legal aid is only valid for assisting the person in whose favor the ruling is issued.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="435">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　裁判所は、訴訟の承継人に対し、決定で、猶予した費用の支払を命ずる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The court issues a ruling ordering any successor to litigation to pay expenses and costs for which a grace period for payment has been given.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="436">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（救助の決定の取消し）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Revocation of a Ruling Granting Aid)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="437">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八十四条　訴訟上の救助の決定を受けた者が第八十二条第一項本文に規定する要件を欠くことが判明し、又はこれを欠くに至ったときは、訴訟記録の存する裁判所は、利害関係人の申立てにより又は職権で、決定により、いつでも訴訟上の救助の決定を取り消し、猶予した費用の支払を命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 84 If a person in whose favor a ruling granting legal aid is issued is found not to meet the requirements prescribed in the main clause of Article 82, paragraph (1) or if such person comes to no longer meet those requirements, the court that has the case record on file may at any time, upon at the petition of an interested party or sua sponte, issue a ruling revoking the ruling that granted the person legal aid, and order the person to pay any expenses and costs for which a grace period has been given.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="438">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（猶予された費用等の取立方法）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Manner of Collecting Expenses and Costs with a Grace Period)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="439">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八十五条　訴訟上の救助の決定を受けた者に支払を猶予した費用は、これを負担することとされた相手方から直接に取り立てることができる。この場合において、弁護士又は執行官は、報酬又は手数料及び費用について、訴訟上の救助の決定を受けた者に代わり、第七十一条第一項、第七十二条又は第七十三条第一項の申立て及び強制執行をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 85 Expenses and costs in respect of which a person in whose favor a ruling granting legal aid is issued is given a payment grace period may be collected directly from the adverse party that it has been decided will bear such expenses and costs. To do so, an attorney at law or a court execution officer, on behalf of the person in whose favor the ruling granting legal aid has been issued, may file a petition set forth in Article 71, paragraph (1), Article 72 or Article 73, paragraph (1) or enforce a compulsory execution with regard to compensation or fees and expenses and costs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="440">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八十六条　この節に規定する決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 86 An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling prescribed in this Section.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="441">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五章　訴訟手続</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter V Litigation Proceedings</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="442">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一節　訴訟の審理等</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 1 Trial Litigation</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="443">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論の必要性）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Necessity of Oral Arguments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="444">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八十七条　当事者は、訴訟について、裁判所において口頭弁論をしなければならない。ただし、決定で完結すべき事件については、裁判所が、口頭弁論をすべきか否かを定める。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 87 (1) The parties shall conduct oral arguments before the court in connection with the litigation; provided, however, that for a case to be concluded by a ruling, the court determines whether or not oral arguments should be conducted.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="445">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項ただし書の規定により口頭弁論をしない場合には、裁判所は、当事者を審尋することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If oral arguments are not conducted pursuant to the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph, the court may hear the parties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="446">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前二項の規定は、特別の定めがある場合には、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply when otherwise provided.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="447">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（受命裁判官による審尋）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Hearings by an Authorized Judge)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="448">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八十八条　裁判所は、審尋をする場合には、受命裁判官にこれを行わせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 88 If a hearing is held, the court may have it held by an authorized judge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="449">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（和解の試み）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Attempts at Settlement)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="450">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八十九条　裁判所は、訴訟がいかなる程度にあるかを問わず、和解を試み、又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官に和解を試みさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 89 Irrespective of the extent to which litigation has progressed, the court may attempt to arrange a settlement or have an authorized judge or a commissioned judge attempt to arrange a settlement.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="451">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟手続に関する異議権の喪失）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Loss of the Right to Object to Litigation Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="452">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十条　当事者が訴訟手続に関する規定の違反を知り、又は知ることができた場合において、遅滞なく異議を述べないときは、これを述べる権利を失う。ただし、放棄することができないものについては、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 90 If a party learns or could have learned of a violation of the provisions concerning litigation proceedings but fails to make an objection without delay, the party loses the right to object to such proceedings; provided, however, that this does not apply to a right that cannot be waived.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="453">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟記録の閲覧等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Inspection of Case Records)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="454">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十一条　何人も、裁判所書記官に対し、訴訟記録の閲覧を請求することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 91 (1) Any person may file a request with the court clerk to inspect a case record.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="455">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　公開を禁止した口頭弁論に係る訴訟記録については、当事者及び利害関係を疎明した第三者に限り、前項の規定による請求をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Only the parties to the case or a third party that makes a prima facie showing of interest in the case may file the request under the provision of the preceding paragraph with regard to a case record involving oral arguments that are prohibited from being disclosed to the public.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="456">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　当事者及び利害関係を疎明した第三者は、裁判所書記官に対し、訴訟記録の謄写、その正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付又は訴訟に関する事項の証明書の交付を請求することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The parties to a case and any third party that makes a prima facie showing of interest in the case may file a request with the court clerk to copy the case record, to be issued an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of the case record, or to be issued a certificate of the particulars of the litigation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="457">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　前項の規定は、訴訟記録中の録音テープ又はビデオテープ（これらに準ずる方法により一定の事項を記録した物を含む。）に関しては、適用しない。この場合において、これらの物について当事者又は利害関係を疎明した第三者の請求があるときは、裁判所書記官は、その複製を許さなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply with respect to case records that have been prepared in the form of audiotapes or videotapes (including objects on which a fixed set of information has been recorded by any means equivalent thereto). Nevertheless, the court clerk shall permit the reproduction of such audiotapes or videotapes at the request of a party to the case or a third party that makes a prima facie showing of interest in these objects.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="458">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　訴訟記録の閲覧、謄写及び複製の請求は、訴訟記録の保存又は裁判所の執務に支障があるときは、することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) A request to inspect, copy, or reproduce a case record may not be filed if these actions would be detrimental to the preservation of the case record or the performance of the court's duties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="459">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（秘密保護のための閲覧等の制限）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Restrictions on Inspection to Preserve Confidential Information)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="460">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十二条　次に掲げる事由につき疎明があった場合には、裁判所は、当該当事者の申立てにより、決定で、当該訴訟記録中当該秘密が記載され、又は記録された部分の閲覧若しくは謄写、その正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付又はその複製（以下「秘密記載部分の閲覧等」という。）の請求をすることができる者を当事者に限ることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 92 (1) If the party to a case makes a prima facie showing of the following grounds, the court, at the petition of said party, may rule to limit the persons that may request to inspect or copy the part of said case record in which the relevant confidential information is entered or recorded, that may request to be issued an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of that part of the case record, or that may request to reproduce that part of the case record (hereinafter referred to as "Inspection, etc. of the Confidential Portion") to the parties to the case:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="461">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　訴訟記録中に当事者の私生活についての重大な秘密が記載され、又は記録されており、かつ、第三者が秘密記載部分の閲覧等を行うことにより、その当事者が社会生活を営むのに著しい支障を生ずるおそれがあること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) a material piece of confidential information about the private life of a party is entered or recorded in the case record, and a third party's Inspection, etc. of the Confidential Portion of the case record would be substantially detrimental to that party's social life;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="462">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　訴訟記録中に当事者が保有する営業秘密（不正競争防止法第二条第六項に規定する営業秘密をいう。第百三十二条の二第一項第三号及び第二項において同じ。）が記載され、又は記録されていること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a trade secret (meaning a trade secret as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (6) of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act; the same applies in Article 132-2, paragraph (1), item (iii) or paragraph (2)) being kept by a party to the case has been entered or recorded in the case record.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="463">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の申立てがあったときは、その申立てについての裁判が確定するまで、第三者は、秘密記載部分の閲覧等の請求をすることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Once a petition as referred to in the preceding paragraph has been filed, a third party may not request for Inspection, etc. of the Confidential Portion of the case record until a judicial decision on the petition becomes final and binding.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="464">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　秘密記載部分の閲覧等の請求をしようとする第三者は、訴訟記録の存する裁判所に対し、第一項に規定する要件を欠くこと又はこれを欠くに至ったことを理由として、同項の決定の取消しの申立てをすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) A third party seeking to file a request for Inspection, etc. of the Confidential Portion of a case record may file a petition with the court of record, to revoke the ruling set forth in paragraph (1), on the grounds that any requirement prescribed in said paragraph has not been met or is no longer being met.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="465">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第一項の申立てを却下した裁判及び前項の申立てについての裁判に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) An immediate appeal may be filed against a judicial decision dismissing the petition set forth in paragraph (1) without prejudice and against a judicial decision on the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="466">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第一項の決定を取り消す裁判は、確定しなければその効力を生じない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) A judicial decision revoking a ruling as referred to in paragraph (1) does not come into force unless it becomes final and binding.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="467">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二節　専門委員等</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 2 Technical Advisers</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="468">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一款　専門委員</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Subsection 1 Technical Advisers</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="469">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（専門委員の関与）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Participation of Technical Advisers)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="470">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十二条の二　裁判所は、争点若しくは証拠の整理又は訴訟手続の進行に関し必要な事項の協議をするに当たり、訴訟関係を明瞭にし、又は訴訟手続の円滑な進行を図るため必要があると認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、決定で、専門的な知見に基づく説明を聴くために専門委員を手続に関与させることができる。この場合において、専門委員の説明は、裁判長が書面により又は口頭弁論若しくは弁論準備手続の期日において口頭でさせなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 92-2 (1) If the court finds that it will need to have a technical adviser participate during deliberations on the necessary particulars involved in the arrangement of issues and evidence or the progress of litigation proceedings in order to clarify a matter related to the litigation or create a framework for smooth progress in the litigation proceedings, the court, after hearing the opinions of the parties, may rule to have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings so as to hear an explanation based on the technical adviser's expert knowledge. In such a case, the presiding judge shall have the technical adviser give an explanation in writing or orally on a date for oral arguments or preparatory proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="471">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、証拠調べをするに当たり、訴訟関係又は証拠調べの結果の趣旨を明瞭にするため必要があると認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、決定で、証拠調べの期日において専門的な知見に基づく説明を聴くために専門委員を手続に関与させることができる。この場合において、証人若しくは当事者本人の尋問又は鑑定人質問の期日において専門委員に説明をさせるときは、裁判長は、当事者の同意を得て、訴訟関係又は証拠調べの結果の趣旨を明瞭にするために必要な事項について専門委員が証人、当事者本人又は鑑定人に対し直接に問いを発することを許すことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the court finds that it will need to have a technical adviser participate during the examination of evidence in order to clarify a matter related to the litigation or the import of the results of the examination of evidence, the court, after hearing the opinions of the parties, may rule to have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings on a date for the examination of evidence, so as to hear an explanation based on the technical adviser's expert knowledge. In such a case, in order to have the technical adviser give an explanation on a date for the examination of a witness or the parties themselves or on a date for the questioning of an expert, the presiding judge, with the consent of the parties, may permit the technical adviser to directly ask the witness, the parties themselves, or the expert questions about the necessary particulars for clarifying a matter that is related to the litigation or for clarifying the import of the results of the examination of evidence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="472">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　裁判所は、和解を試みるに当たり、必要があると認めるときは、当事者の同意を得て、決定で、当事者双方が立ち会うことができる和解を試みる期日において専門的な知見に基づく説明を聴くために専門委員を手続に関与させることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If the court finds that it will be necessary during an attempt to arrange a settlement, the court, with the consent of the parties, may rule to have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings on a date when the court will attempt to arrange a settlement and on which both parties are able to attend, so as to hear an explanation based on the technical adviser's expert knowledge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="473">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（音声の送受信による通話の方法による専門委員の関与）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Participation of a Technical Adviser Through Communication by Audio Transmissions)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="474">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十二条の三　裁判所は、前条各項の規定により専門委員を手続に関与させる場合において、専門委員が遠隔の地に居住しているときその他相当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、同条各項の期日において、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、裁判所及び当事者双方が専門委員との間で音声の送受信により同時に通話をすることができる方法によって、専門委員に同条各項の説明又は発問をさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 92-3 If the court has a technical adviser participate in proceedings pursuant to the provisions of any paragraph of the preceding Article and the technical adviser resides in a distant location or the court finds it appropriate for any other reason, the court, after hearing the opinions of the parties, may have the technical adviser give an explanation or ask questions pursuant to the relevant paragraph of that Article on a date as referred to in the relevant paragraph of that Article, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, in a way that enables the court and both parties to communicate with the technical adviser at the same time, through audio transmissions.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="475">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（専門委員の関与の決定の取消し）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Revocation of a Ruling for the Participation of a Technical Adviser)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="476">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十二条の四　裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、専門委員を手続に関与させる決定を取り消すことができる。ただし、当事者双方の申立てがあるときは、これを取り消さなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 92-4 If the court finds it to be appropriate, it is permitted to revoke a ruling to have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings, upon petition or sua sponte; provided, however, that the court is required to revoke such a ruling if both parties so petition.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="477">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（専門委員の指定及び任免等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Designation, Appointment, and Dismissal of a Technical Adviser)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="478">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十二条の五　専門委員の員数は、各事件について一人以上とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 92-5 (1) The number of technical advisers is one or more for each case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="479">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第九十二条の二の規定により手続に関与させる専門委員は、当事者の意見を聴いて、裁判所が各事件について指定する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Any technical adviser who the court has participate in the proceedings pursuant to the provisions of Article 92-2 is designated by the court for each case, after the opinions of the parties are heard.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="480">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　専門委員は、非常勤とし、その任免に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) A technical adviser serves part-time, and the necessary particulars involved in the appointment and dismissal of a technical adviser are specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="481">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　専門委員には、別に法律で定めるところにより手当を支給し、並びに最高裁判所規則で定める額の旅費、日当及び宿泊料を支給する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) A technical adviser is paid an allowance as separately provided for by law, as well as travel expenses, a daily allowance, and accommodation costs in the amounts specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="482">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（専門委員の除斥及び忌避）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Disqualifying or Challenging a Technical Adviser)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="483">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十二条の六　第二十三条から第二十五条まで（同条第二項を除く。）の規定は、専門委員について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 92-6 (1) The provisions of Articles 23 to 25 (excluding paragraph (2) of said Article) apply mutatis mutandis to a technical adviser.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="484">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　専門委員について除斥又は忌避の申立てがあったときは、その専門委員は、その申立てについての決定が確定するまでその申立てがあった事件の手続に関与することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Once a petition to disqualify or challenge a technical adviser is filed, the technical adviser may not participate in the proceedings of the case with respect to which the petition has been filed until the ruling on the petition becomes final and binding.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="485">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（受命裁判官等の権限）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Powers of an Authorized Judge)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="486">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十二条の七　受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が第九十二条の二各項の手続を行う場合には、同条から第九十二条の四まで及び第九十二条の五第二項の規定による裁判所及び裁判長の職務は、その裁判官が行う。ただし、第九十二条の二第二項の手続を行う場合には、専門委員を手続に関与させる決定、その決定の取消し及び専門委員の指定は、受訴裁判所がする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 92-7 If an authorized judge or a commissioned judge conducts the procedures set forth in each paragraphs of Article 92-2, that judge shall perform the duties of the court and those of the presiding judge under the provisions of said Article to Article 92-4 and Article 92-5, paragraph (2); provided, however, that if an authorized judge carries out the procedures set forth in Article 92-2, paragraph (2), the ruling to have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings, the revocation of such a ruling, and the designation of the technical adviser is made by the court in charge of the case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="487">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二款　知的財産に関する事件における裁判所調査官の事務等</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Subsection 2 Function of a of Judicial Research Official in a Case Involving Intellectual Property</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="488">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（知的財産に関する事件における裁判所調査官の事務）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Functions of a Judicial Research Official in a Case Involving Intellectual Property)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="489">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十二条の八　裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、高等裁判所又は地方裁判所において知的財産に関する事件の審理及び裁判に関して調査を行う裁判所調査官に、当該事件において次に掲げる事務を行わせることができる。この場合において、当該裁判所調査官は、裁判長の命を受けて、当該事務を行うものとする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 92-8 If the court finds it to be necessary, it may have the judicial research official who is in charge of conducting research in connection with the trial and judicial decision in a case involving intellectual property at a high court or district court, fulfill the following functions in said case. In such a case, said judicial research official, as ordered by the presiding judge, is to fulfill said functions:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="490">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　次に掲げる期日又は手続において、訴訟関係を明瞭にするため、事実上及び法律上の事項に関し、当事者に対して問いを発し、又は立証を促すこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) asking questions of the parties or urging them to offer proof with regard to factual or legal matters, on the following court dates or in the following proceedings, in order to clarify a matter that is related to the litigation:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="491">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>イ　口頭弁論又は審尋の期日</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(a) a date for oral arguments or hearing;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="492">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ロ　争点又は証拠の整理を行うための手続</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(b) proceedings for arranging issues or evidence;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="493">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ハ　文書の提出義務又は検証の目的の提示義務の有無を判断するための手続</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(c) proceedings for determining whether there exists an obligation to submit a document or an obligation to present an object for inspection;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="494">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ニ　争点又は証拠の整理に係る事項その他訴訟手続の進行に関し必要な事項についての協議を行うための手続</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(d) proceedings for deliberating on the particulars involved in the arrangement of issues or evidence or any other necessary particulars involved in the progress of litigation proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="495">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　証拠調べの期日において、証人、当事者本人又は鑑定人に対し直接に問いを発すること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) asking questions directly of a witness, the parties themselves, or an expert on a date for the examination of evidence;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="496">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　和解を試みる期日において、専門的な知見に基づく説明をすること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) giving an explanation based on expert knowledge on a date for attempting to arrange a settlement;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="497">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　裁判官に対し、事件につき意見を述べること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) stating opinions about the case to a judge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="498">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（知的財産に関する事件における裁判所調査官の除斥及び忌避）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Disqualifying or Challenging a Judicial Research Official in a Case Involving Intellectual Property)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="499">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十二条の九　第二十三条から第二十五条までの規定は、前条の事務を行う裁判所調査官について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 92-9 (1) The provisions of Articles 23 to 25 apply mutatis mutandis to a judicial research official who fulfills the functions as referred to in the preceding Article.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="500">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前条の事務を行う裁判所調査官について除斥又は忌避の申立てがあったときは、その裁判所調査官は、その申立てについての決定が確定するまでその申立てがあった事件に関与することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a petition has been filed to disqualify or challenge a judicial research official who fulfills the functions as referred to in the preceding Article, the judicial research official may not participate in the case for which the petition has been filed until the ruling on the petition becomes final and binding.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="501">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三節　期日及び期間</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 3 Court Dates and Time Frames</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="502">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（期日の指定及び変更）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Designation and Change of Court Dates)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="503">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十三条　期日は、申立てにより又は職権で、裁判長が指定する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 93 (1) Court dates are designated by the presiding judge upon petition or sua sponte.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="504">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　期日は、やむを得ない場合に限り、日曜日その他の一般の休日に指定することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A court date may be designated for a Sunday or any other general holiday, but only when this is unavoidable.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="505">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　口頭弁論及び弁論準備手続の期日の変更は、顕著な事由がある場合に限り許す。ただし、最初の期日の変更は、当事者の合意がある場合にも許す。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) A change of date for oral arguments or preparatory proceedings is only allowed if there are clear grounds for doing so; provided, however, that a change of the initial court date is also allowed if agreed upon by the parties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="506">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　前項の規定にかかわらず、弁論準備手続を経た口頭弁論の期日の変更は、やむを得ない事由がある場合でなければ、許すことができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a change of date for oral arguments following preparatory proceedings may only be allowed if there are unavoidable grounds for doing so.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="507">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（期日の呼出し）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Summons to Appear on a Court Date)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="508">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十四条　期日の呼出しは、呼出状の送達、当該事件について出頭した者に対する期日の告知その他相当と認める方法によってする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 94 (1) A summons to appear for a court date is effected through the service of a writ of summons, through the announcement of a court date to a person who has appeared in connection with the relevant case, or by any other means that is considered to be appropriate.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="509">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　呼出状の送達及び当該事件について出頭した者に対する期日の告知以外の方法による期日の呼出しをしたときは、期日に出頭しない当事者、証人又は鑑定人に対し、法律上の制裁その他期日の不遵守による不利益を帰することができない。ただし、これらの者が期日の呼出しを受けた旨を記載した書面を提出したときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a summons to appear on a court date is effected other than through the service of a writ of summons or the announcement of the court date to a person who has appeared in connection with the case, no legal sanction nor any other disadvantage may be attributed to a party, witness, or expert who does not appear on that court date for failure to keep the court date; provided, however, that this does not apply if the relevant person has submitted a paper document indicating receipt of the summons to appear on that date.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="510">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（期間の計算）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Computation of Time Frames)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="511">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十五条　期間の計算については、民法の期間に関する規定に従う。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 95 (1) The computation of a time frames is governed by Civil Code provisions on periods of time.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="512">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　期間を定める裁判において始期を定めなかったときは、期間は、その裁判が効力を生じた時から進行を始める。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a judicial decision specifying a time frame does not specify when the time frame begins, the time frame begins from the time that the judicial decision becomes effective.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="513">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　期間の末日が日曜日、土曜日、国民の祝日に関する法律（昭和二十三年法律第百七十八号）に規定する休日、一月二日、一月三日又は十二月二十九日から十二月三十一日までの日に当たるときは、期間は、その翌日に満了する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If the last day of a time frame falls on a Sunday, Saturday, a holiday prescribed in the Act on National Holidays (Act No. 178 of 1948), January 2nd, January 3rd, or any day from December 29th to December 31st, that time frame expires on the following day.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="514">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（期間の伸縮及び付加期間）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Extension and Shortening of a Time Frame and Additional Time Frames)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="515">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十六条　裁判所は、法定の期間又はその定めた期間を伸長し、又は短縮することができる。ただし、不変期間については、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 96 (1) The court may extend or shorten a statutory time frame or a time frame that it has specified; provided, however, that this does not apply to an inalterable time frame.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="516">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　不変期間については、裁判所は、遠隔の地に住所又は居所を有する者のために付加期間を定めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a time frame is inalterable, the court may establish an additional time frame for a person that is domiciled or resides in a distant location.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="517">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟行為の追完）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Subsequent Completion of Procedural Acts)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="518">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十七条　当事者がその責めに帰することができない事由により不変期間を遵守することができなかった場合には、その事由が消滅した後一週間以内に限り、不変期間内にすべき訴訟行為の追完をすることができる。ただし、外国に在る当事者については、この期間は、二月とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 97 (1) If a party is unable to observe an inalterable time frame due to grounds not attributable thereto, the party may subsequently complete the procedural act that was to be performed within the inalterable time frame, within one week after those grounds cease to exist; provided, however, that a party that is in a foreign country may subsequently complete such a procedural act within two months' time after the relevant grounds cease to exist.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="519">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の期間については、前条第一項本文の規定は、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of the main clause of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article do not apply to the time frame set forth in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="520">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四節　送達</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 4 Service</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="521">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（職権送達の原則等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Principle of Service by the Court Sua Sponte)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="522">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十八条　送達は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、職権でする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 98 (1) Except as otherwise provided, service is effected sua sponte.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="523">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　送達に関する事務は、裁判所書記官が取り扱う。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Administrative affairs involved in service are handled by the court clerk.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="524">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（送達実施機関）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mechanisms for Service)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="525">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第九十九条　送達は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、郵便又は執行官によってする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 99 (1) Except as otherwise provided, service is effected by mail or by a court execution officer.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="526">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　郵便による送達にあっては、郵便の業務に従事する者を送達をする者とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the case of service by mail, a person engaged in postal services is the person that effects service.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="527">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（裁判所書記官による送達）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Service by the Court Clerk)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="528">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百条　裁判所書記官は、その所属する裁判所の事件について出頭した者に対しては、自ら送達をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 100 The court clerk may personally serve a person who has appeared for a case that is pending before the court to which the court clerk is assigned.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="529">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（交付送達の原則）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Principle of Personal Service)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="530">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百一条　送達は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、送達を受けるべき者に送達すべき書類を交付してする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 101 Except as otherwise provided, a service is effected through the delivery of the document with which a person is to be served, to the person on that it is to be served.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="531">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟無能力者等に対する送達）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Service of a Person without the Capacity to Sue or Be Sued)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="532">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百二条　訴訟無能力者に対する送達は、その法定代理人にする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 102 (1) Service of a person without the capacity to sue or be sued is effected through the statutory agent of such a person.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="533">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　数人が共同して代理権を行うべき場合には、送達は、その一人にすれば足りる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If multiple persons are to exercise the authority of representation jointly, service of a person is sufficient for one of them to be served.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="534">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　刑事施設に収容されている者に対する送達は、刑事施設の長にする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Service of a person who is in a penal institution is effected through the head of the penal institution.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="535">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三条　送達は、送達を受けるべき者の住所、居所、営業所又は事務所（以下この節において「住所等」という。）においてする。ただし、法定代理人に対する送達は、本人の営業所又は事務所においてもすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 103 (1) Service is effected at the domicile, residence, office, or business office (hereinafter referred to as the "domicile, etc." in this Section) of the person that is to be served; provided, however, that a statutory agent may also be served at the office or business office of the principal.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="536">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項に定める場所が知れないとき、又はその場所において送達をするのに支障があるときは、送達は、送達を受けるべき者が雇用、委任その他の法律上の行為に基づき就業する他人の住所等（以下「就業場所」という。）においてすることができる。送達を受けるべき者（次条第一項に規定する者を除く。）が就業場所において送達を受ける旨の申述をしたときも、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the place specified in the preceding paragraph is unknown or there is an obstacle to effecting service at that place, service may be effected at the domicile, etc. of another person, where the person who is to be served works based on employment, entrustment, or any other legal act (hereinafter referred to as the "Workplace"). The same applies if the person who is to be served (except one prescribed in paragraph (1) of the following Article) has entered a statement indicating willingness to be served at the Workplace.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="537">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（送達場所等の届出）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Notification of the Place for Service)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="538">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百四条　当事者、法定代理人又は訴訟代理人は、送達を受けるべき場所（日本国内に限る。）を受訴裁判所に届け出なければならない。この場合においては、送達受取人をも届け出ることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 104 (1) The party, statutory agent, or litigation representative shall notify the court in charge of the case of the place or places where the relevant person may be served (limited to a place in Japan). In doing so, the party, statutory agent, or litigation representative may also notify the court of the person to be served.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="539">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項前段の規定による届出があった場合には、送達は、前条の規定にかかわらず、その届出に係る場所においてする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, if a notification has been submitted pursuant to the provision of the first sentence of the preceding paragraph, service is effected at the place given in the notification.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="540">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項前段の規定による届出をしない者で次の各号に掲げる送達を受けたものに対するその後の送達は、前条の規定にかかわらず、それぞれ当該各号に定める場所においてする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, subsequent service upon a person that does not submit a notification pursuant to the provision of the first sentence of paragraph (1) and that has been served as set forth in one of the following items is effected at the place specified in the relevant item:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="541">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　前条の規定による送達　その送達をした場所</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) service pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article: the place where such service was effected;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="542">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　次条後段の規定による送達のうち郵便の業務に従事する者が郵便事業株式会社の営業所（郵便事業株式会社から当該送達の業務の委託を受けた者の営業所を含む。第百六条第一項後段において同じ。）においてするもの及び同項後段の規定による送達　その送達において送達をすべき場所とされていた場所</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) service pursuant to the provision of the second sentence of the following Article to be effected by a person engaged in postal services at a business office of Japan Post Service Co., Ltd (including a business office of a person that is entrusted by Japan Post Service Co., Ltd with said postal services; the same applies in the second sentence of Article 106, paragraph (1)), and service pursuant to the provision of the second sentence of Article 106, paragraph (1): the place designated as the place where such service was to be effected;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="543">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　第百七条第一項第一号の規定による送達　その送達においてあて先とした場所</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) service pursuant to the provision of Article 107, paragraph (1), item (i): the place designated as the address for such service.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="544">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百五条　前二条の規定にかかわらず、送達を受けるべき者で日本国内に住所等を有することが明らかでないもの（前条第一項前段の規定による届出をした者を除く。）に対する送達は、その者に出会った場所においてすることができる。日本国内に住所等を有することが明らかな者又は同項前段の規定による届出をした者が送達を受けることを拒まないときも、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 105 Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two Articles, a person that is to be served but that does not manifestly have a domicile, etc. in Japan (excluding one that has submitted a notification pursuant to the provision of the first sentence of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article), may be served wherever the person effecting the service finds the person that is to be served. The same applies if a person that clearly has a domicile, etc. in Japan or a person that has submitted a notification pursuant to the provision of the first sentence of the same paragraph does not refuse to be served.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="545">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（補充送達及び差置送達）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Substituted Service and Service by Leaving Documents)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="546">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百六条　就業場所以外の送達をすべき場所において送達を受けるべき者に出会わないときは、使用人その他の従業者又は同居者であって、書類の受領について相当のわきまえのあるものに書類を交付することができる。郵便の業務に従事する者が郵便事業株式会社の営業所において書類を交付すべきときも、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 106 (1) If a person effecting service does not find the person that is to be served at the non-Workplace location where service is to be effected, the relevant document may be delivered to an employee or any other worker or to a person that lives with the person to be served, that has reasonable discretion concerning the receipt of documents. The same applies if a person engaging in postal services is to deliver the document at the business office of Japan Post Service Co., Ltd.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="547">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　就業場所（第百四条第一項前段の規定による届出に係る場所が就業場所である場合を含む。）において送達を受けるべき者に出会わない場合において、第百三条第二項の他人又はその法定代理人若しくは使用人その他の従業者であって、書類の受領について相当のわきまえのあるものが書類の交付を受けることを拒まないときは、これらの者に書類を交付することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a person effecting service does not find the person that is to be served at the Workplace (including if the place reported in the notification submitted pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of Article 104, paragraph (1) is the Workplace) and another person set forth in Article 103, paragraph (2) or that person's statutory agent or employee or any other worker that has reasonable discretion concerning the receipt of documents does not refuse to be delivered the document, the document may be delivered to such a person.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="548">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　送達を受けるべき者又は第一項前段の規定により書類の交付を受けるべき者が正当な理由なくこれを受けることを拒んだときは、送達をすべき場所に書類を差し置くことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If a person that is to be served or a person that is to be delivered a document pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of paragraph (1) refuses to service or refuses delivery of the document without a legitimate reason for refusing to do so, the relevant document may be left at a place where service may be effected.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="549">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（書留郵便等に付する送達）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Service by Registered Mail)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="550">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百七条　前条の規定により送達をすることができない場合には、裁判所書記官は、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める場所にあてて、書類を書留郵便又は民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律（平成十四年法律第九十九号）第二条第六項に規定する一般信書便事業者若しくは同条第九項に規定する特定信書便事業者の提供する同条第二項に規定する信書便の役務のうち書留郵便に準ずるものとして最高裁判所規則で定めるもの（次項及び第三項において「書留郵便等」という。）に付して発送することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 107 (1) In the cases listed in the following items, if it is impossible for service to be effected pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the court clerk may send the document to the place specified in the relevant item by registered mail or using the correspondence delivery services prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (2) of the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators (Act No. 99 of 2002) that are provided by a general correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (6) of said Article or a specified correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (9) of said Article, and which are specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as constituting services equivalent to registered mail (hereinafter referred to as "registered mail, etc." in the following paragraph and paragraph (3)):</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="551">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　第百三条の規定による送達をすべき場合　同条第一項に定める場所</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) if service is to be effected pursuant to the provisions of Article 103: the place specified in Article 103, paragraph (1);</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="552">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　第百四条第二項の規定による送達をすべき場合　同項の場所</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) if service is to be effected pursuant to the provision of Article 104, paragraph (2): the place set forth in that paragraph;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="553">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　第百四条第三項の規定による送達をすべき場合　同項の場所（その場所が就業場所である場合にあっては、訴訟記録に表れたその者の住所等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) if service is to be effected pursuant to the provisions of Article 104, paragraph (3): the place set forth in that paragraph (or, if this is the Workplace, this means the domicile, etc. of the person in question as indicated in the case record).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="554">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項第二号又は第三号の規定により書類を書留郵便等に付して発送した場合には、その後に送達すべき書類は、同項第二号又は第三号に定める場所にあてて、書留郵便等に付して発送することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a document is sent by registered mail, etc. pursuant to the provisions of item (ii) or (iii) of the preceding paragraph, any document to be served subsequently may be sent by registered mail, etc. to the place specified in item (ii) or (iii) of that paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="555">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前二項の規定により書類を書留郵便等に付して発送した場合には、その発送の時に、送達があったものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If a document is sent by registered mail, etc. pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the document is deemed to have been served at the time it is sent.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="556">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（外国における送達）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Service in a Foreign Country)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="557">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百八条　外国においてすべき送達は、裁判長がその国の管轄官庁又はその国に駐在する日本の大使、公使若しくは領事に嘱託してする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 108 Service to be effected in a foreign country is served as commissioned by the presiding judge to the competent government agency of that country or the Japanese ambassador, minister, or consul stationed in that country.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="558">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（送達報告書）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Return of Service)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="559">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百九条　送達をした者は、書面を作成し、送達に関する事項を記載して、これを裁判所に提出しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 109 A person that has effected service shall prepare a paper document, enter therein the particulars of the service, and submit it to the court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="560">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（公示送達の要件）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Requirements for Service by Publication)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="561">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百十条　次に掲げる場合には、裁判所書記官は、申立てにより、公示送達をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 110 (1) In the following cases and upon petition, the court clerk may effect service by publication:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="562">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　当事者の住所、居所その他送達をすべき場所が知れない場合</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) if the party's domicile and residence are unknown, and no other place where the party may be served is known;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="563">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　第百七条第一項の規定により送達をすることができない場合</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) if it is impossible to effect service pursuant to the provisions of Article 107, paragraph (1);</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="564">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　外国においてすべき送達について、第百八条の規定によることができず、又はこれによっても送達をすることができないと認めるべき場合</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) if, with regard to service that shall be effected in a foreign country, it is impossible to effect service through the means under the provision of Article 108 or it is found to be impossible to effect service even through such means.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="565">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　第百八条の規定により外国の管轄官庁に嘱託を発した後六月を経過してもその送達を証する書面の送付がない場合</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) if, even after six months have elapsed since the competent government agency of a foreign country is issued a commission pursuant to the provision of Article 108, no paper document that certifies that the agency has effected service is sent.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="566">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の場合において、裁判所は、訴訟の遅滞を避けるため必要があると認めるときは、申立てがないときであっても、裁判所書記官に公示送達をすべきことを命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the court finds it to be necessary in order to avoid a delay in litigation, it may order the court clerk to effect service by publication, even if there has been no such petition.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="567">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　同一の当事者に対する二回目以降の公示送達は、職権でする。ただし、第一項第四号に掲げる場合は、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Second and subsequent service by publication on the same party is effected sua sponte; provided, however, that this does not apply in the case set forth in paragraph (1), item (iv).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="568">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（公示送達の方法）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Manner of Effecting Service by Publication)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="569">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百十一条　公示送達は、裁判所書記官が送達すべき書類を保管し、いつでも送達を受けるべき者に交付すべき旨を裁判所の掲示場に掲示してする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 111 Service by publication is effected by the posting, in the posting area for the court, of notice that the court clerk has retained the document to be served and will deliver it to the person that is to be served at any time.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="570">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（公示送達の効力発生の時期）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(When Service by Publication Takes Effect)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="571">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百十二条　公示送達は、前条の規定による掲示を始めた日から二週間を経過することによって、その効力を生ずる。ただし、第百十条第三項の公示送達は、掲示を始めた日の翌日にその効力を生ずる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 112 (1) Service by publication takes effect when two weeks have passed since the day on which the posting under the provision of the preceding Article was made; provided, however, that service by publication as set forth in Article 110, paragraph (3) takes effect on the day following the day on which the posting was made.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="572">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　外国においてすべき送達についてした公示送達にあっては、前項の期間は、六週間とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the case of service by publication for service that shall be effected in a foreign country, the time frame set forth in the preceding paragraph is six weeks.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="573">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前二項の期間は、短縮することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The time frames set forth in the preceding two paragraphs may not be shortened.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="574">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（公示送達による意思表示の到達）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Arrival of Manifestation of Intention by Service by Publication)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="575">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百十三条　訴訟の当事者が相手方の所在を知ることができない場合において、相手方に対する公示送達がされた書類に、その相手方に対しその訴訟の目的である請求又は防御の方法に関する意思表示をする旨の記載があるときは、その意思表示は、第百十一条の規定による掲示を始めた日から二週間を経過した時に、相手方に到達したものとみなす。この場合においては、民法第九十八条第三項ただし書の規定を準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 113 If a party to litigation is unable to learn the whereabouts of the adverse party and a document served by publication on the adverse party that the party makes a manifestation of intention to the adverse party with respect to the claim that is the subject matter of litigation or with respect to the means of defense, the manifestation of intention is deemed to have reached the adverse party when two weeks have elapsed since the day on which the posting under the provision of Article 111 was made. In such a case, the provision of the proviso to Article 98, paragraph (3) of the Civil Code applies mutatis mutandis.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="576">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五節　裁判</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 5 Judicial Decisions</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="577">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（既判力の範囲）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Scope of Res Judicata)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="578">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百十四条　確定判決は、主文に包含するものに限り、既判力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 114 (1) Res judicata applies only with regard to the contents of a final and binding judgment that are included in the main text.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="579">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　相殺のために主張した請求の成立又は不成立の判断は、相殺をもって対抗した額について既判力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In judging the validity or invalidity of a claim asserted for the purpose of an offset, res judicata applies to an amount of money that has been duly asserted in order to effect an offset.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="580">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（確定判決等の効力が及ぶ者の範囲）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Scope of Persons Subject to the Effect of a Final and Binding Judgment)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="581">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百十五条　確定判決は、次に掲げる者に対してその効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 115 (1) A final and binding judgment is valid against the following persons:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="582">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　当事者</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the parties;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="583">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　当事者が他人のために原告又は被告となった場合のその他人</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a person for that a party has served as a plaintiff or defendant;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="584">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　前二号に掲げる者の口頭弁論終結後の承継人</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) the successor to a person listed in one of the preceding two items, that succeeds following the conclusion of oral arguments;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="585">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　前三号に掲げる者のために請求の目的物を所持する者</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) the person retaining possession of the subject matter of the claim on behalf of a person listed in one of the preceding three items.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="586">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定は、仮執行の宣言について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to a declaration of provisional execution.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="587">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（判決の確定時期）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(When a Judgment Becomes Final and Binding)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="588">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百十六条　判決は、控訴若しくは上告（第三百二十七条第一項（第三百八十条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の上告を除く。）の提起、第三百十八条第一項の申立て又は第三百五十七条（第三百六十七条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）若しくは第三百七十八条第一項の規定による異議の申立てについて定めた期間の満了前には、確定しないものとする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 116 (1) A judgment does not become final and binding until the expiration of the time frame specified for filing of an appeal with the court of second instance or a final appeal (excluding a final appeal as referred to in Article 327, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 380, paragraph (2))), for filing of a petition as referred to in Article 318, paragraph (1), or for filing of an objection under the provisions of Article 357 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 367, paragraph (2)) or Article 378, paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="589">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　判決の確定は、前項の期間内にした控訴の提起、同項の上告の提起又は同項の申立てにより、遮断される。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A judgment is blocked from becoming final and binding by the filing of an appeal with the court of second instance, the filing of a final appeal as referred to in the preceding paragraph, or the filing of a petition or an objection as referred to in that paragraph, that is made within the time frame set forth in that paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="590">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（定期金による賠償を命じた確定判決の変更を求める訴え）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Action to Modify a Final and Binding Judgment Ordering Compensation by Periodic Payments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="591">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百十七条　口頭弁論終結前に生じた損害につき定期金による賠償を命じた確定判決について、口頭弁論終結後に、後遺障害の程度、賃金水準その他の損害額の算定の基礎となった事情に著しい変更が生じた場合には、その判決の変更を求める訴えを提起することができる。ただし、その訴えの提起の日以後に支払期限が到来する定期金に係る部分に限る。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 117 (1) If, with regard to a final and binding judgment ordering compensation through periodic payments for damage arising prior to the conclusion of oral arguments, any significant change has occurred in terms of the severity of residual disability, wage standards, or any other circumstances that were used as the basis for calculation of the amount of damages after the conclusion of oral arguments, an action may be filed to modify the judgment; provided, however, that this applies only to the part of the judgment involving periodic payments that will become due after the date the action is filed.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="592">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の訴えは、第一審裁判所の管轄に専属する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An action as referred to in the preceding paragraph is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the court of first instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="593">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（外国裁判所の確定判決の効力）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Validity of a Final and Binding Judgment Rendered by a Foreign Court)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="594">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百十八条　外国裁判所の確定判決は、次に掲げる要件のすべてを具備する場合に限り、その効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 118 A final and binding judgment rendered by a foreign court is valid only if it meets all of the following requirements:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="595">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　法令又は条約により外国裁判所の裁判権が認められること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the jurisdiction of the foreign court is recognized pursuant to laws and regulations, conventions, or treaties;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="596">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　敗訴の被告が訴訟の開始に必要な呼出し若しくは命令の送達（公示送達その他これに類する送達を除く。）を受けたこと又はこれを受けなかったが応訴したこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) the defeated defendant has been served (excluding service by publication or any other service similar thereto) with the requisite summons or order for the commencement of litigation, or has appeared without being so served;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="597">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　判決の内容及び訴訟手続が日本における公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反しないこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) the content of the judgment and the litigation proceedings are not contrary to public policy in Japan;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="598">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　相互の保証があること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) a guarantee of reciprocity is in place.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="599">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（決定及び命令の告知）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Notice of Rulings and Orders)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="600">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百十九条　決定及び命令は、相当と認める方法で告知することによって、その効力を生ずる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 119 A ruling or order takes effect when notice thereof is given by a means that is considered to be appropriate.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="601">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟指揮に関する裁判の取消し）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Revocation of a Judicial Decision Concerning Control of Litigation Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="602">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百二十条　訴訟の指揮に関する決定及び命令は、いつでも取り消すことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 120 A ruling or order concerning control of litigation proceedings may be revoked at any time.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="603">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（裁判所書記官の処分に対する異議）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Objection to a Disposition by the Court Clerk)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="604">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百二十一条　裁判所書記官の処分に対する異議の申立てについては、その裁判所書記官の所属する裁判所が、決定で、裁判をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 121 The court to which the court clerk is assigned reaches a judicial decision on any objection to a disposition made by that court clerk, in the form of a ruling.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="605">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（判決に関する規定の準用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Judgments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="606">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百二十二条　決定及び命令には、その性質に反しない限り、判決に関する規定を準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 122 Provisions on judgments apply mutatis mutandis to rulings and orders, unless contrary to the nature thereof.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="607">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（判事補の権限）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Powers of Assistant Judges)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="608">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百二十三条　判決以外の裁判は、判事補が単独ですることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 123 An assistant judge may independently reach a judicial decision other than a judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="609">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六節　訴訟手続の中断及び中止</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 6 Continuance or Suspension of Litigation Proceedings</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="610">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟手続の中断及び受継）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Continuance of Litigation Proceedings and Substitution)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="611">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百二十四条　次の各号に掲げる事由があるときは、訴訟手続は、中断する。この場合においては、それぞれ当該各号に定める者は、訴訟手続を受け継がなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 124 (1) Litigation proceedings are subject to a continuance if any of the following grounds occur. In such a case, the person specified in the relevant item shall be substituted as a party:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="612">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　当事者の死亡　相続人、相続財産管理人その他法令により訴訟を続行すべき者</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) a party's death: the party's heir, administrator of the inherited property, or any other person that shall continue the action pursuant to law or regulation;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="613">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　当事者である法人の合併による消滅　合併によって設立された法人又は合併後存続する法人</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) the disappearance due to merger of a corporation that is a party: the corporation incorporated in the merger or the corporation surviving the merger;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="614">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　当事者の訴訟能力の喪失又は法定代理人の死亡若しくは代理権の消滅　法定代理人又は訴訟能力を有するに至った当事者</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) a party's loss of the capacity to sue or be sued, or a statutory agent's death or extinguishment of the authority of representation: the party's statutory agent or the party who has acquired the capacity to sue or be sued;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="615">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　次のイからハまでに掲げる者の信託に関する任務の終了　当該イからハまでに定める者</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) termination of duties involved in a trust assigned to one of the persons listed in (a) to (c) below: the relevant person specified in (a) to (c):</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="616">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>イ　当事者である受託者　新たな受託者又は信託財産管理者若しくは信託財産法人管理人</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(a) a trustee that is a party: the new trustee or the trust property administrator or incorporated trust property administrator;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="617">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ロ　当事者である信託財産管理者又は信託財産法人管理人　新たな受託者又は新たな信託財産管理者若しくは新たな信託財産法人管理人</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(b) a trust property administrator or incorporated trust property administrator that is a party: the new trustee, new trust property administrator, or new incorporated trust property administrator;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="618">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ハ　当事者である信託管理人　受益者又は新たな信託管理人</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(c) a trust caretaker that is a party: the beneficiary or the new trust caretaker.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="619">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>五　一定の資格を有する者で自己の名で他人のために訴訟の当事者となるものの死亡その他の事由による資格の喪失　同一の資格を有する者</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(v) the loss of status, due to death or any other grounds, of the person of a certain status who stood as a party to the litigation in that person's own name on behalf of another person: a person of the same status;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="620">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>六　選定当事者の全員の死亡その他の事由による資格の喪失　選定者の全員又は新たな選定当事者</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(vi) all appointed parties' loss of status due to death or any other grounds: all appointers or a newly appointed party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="621">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定は、訴訟代理人がある間は、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply during a time when there is a litigation representative.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="622">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項第一号に掲げる事由がある場合においても、相続人は、相続の放棄をすることができる間は、訴訟手続を受け継ぐことができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Even if there are grounds as set forth in paragraph (1), item (i), the heir is not permitted to be substituted as a party during the time frame in which it is possible to renounce the inheritance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="623">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第一項第二号の規定は、合併をもって相手方に対抗することができない場合には、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) The provision of paragraph (1), item (ii) do not apply if the merger may not be duly asserted against the adverse party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="624">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第一項第三号の法定代理人が保佐人又は補助人である場合にあっては、同号の規定は、次に掲げるときには、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) If the statutory agent set forth in paragraph (1), item (iii) is a curator or assistant, the provision of that paragraph do not apply in the following cases:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="625">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　被保佐人又は被補助人が訴訟行為をすることについて保佐人又は補助人の同意を得ることを要しないとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the person under curatorship or person under assistance is not required to obtain consent of the curator or assistant for performing procedural acts;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="626">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　被保佐人又は被補助人が前号に規定する同意を得ることを要する場合において、その同意を得ているとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) the person under curatorship or person under assistance is required to obtain consent prescribed in the preceding item, and has obtained it.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="627">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百二十五条　削除</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 125 Deleted</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="628">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（相手方による受継の申立て）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Adverse Party's Petition for Substitution)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="629">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百二十六条　訴訟手続の受継の申立ては、相手方もすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 126 The adverse party may also file a petition for the substitution of a party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="630">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（受継の通知）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Notice of Substitution)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="631">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百二十七条　訴訟手続の受継の申立てがあった場合には、裁判所は、相手方に通知しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 127 When a petition for the substitution of a party has been filed, the court shall notify the adverse party thereof.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="632">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（受継についての裁判）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Judicial Decision on Substitution)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="633">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百二十八条　訴訟手続の受継の申立てがあった場合には、裁判所は、職権で調査し、理由がないと認めるときは、決定で、その申立てを却下しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 128 (1) When a petition for the substitution of a party has been filed, if the court finds the petition to be groundless after conducting an examination sua sponte, the court shall rule to dismiss the petition without prejudice, in the form of a ruling.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="634">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　判決書又は第二百五十四条第二項（第三百七十四条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の調書の送達後に中断した訴訟手続の受継の申立てがあった場合には、その判決をした裁判所は、その申立てについて裁判をしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a petition for the substitution of a party is filed during a continuance of litigation proceedings following the service of a judgment document or written statement as referred to in Article 254, paragraph (2) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 374, paragraph (2)), the court that reached the judgment in question shall reach a judicial decision on the petition.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="635">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（職権による続行命令）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Order to Continue Sua Sponte)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="636">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百二十九条　当事者が訴訟手続の受継の申立てをしない場合においても、裁判所は、職権で、訴訟手続の続行を命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 129 Even if neither party has filed a petition for the substitution of a party, the court may order litigation proceedings to continue sua sponte.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="637">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（裁判所の職務執行不能による中止）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Suspension Due to Court Inability to Execute Duties)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="638">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十条　天災その他の事由によって裁判所が職務を行うことができないときは、訴訟手続は、その事由が消滅するまで中止する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 130 If the court is unable to execute its duties due to a natural disaster or any other cause, litigation proceedings are suspended until such cause ceases to exist.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="639">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（当事者の故障による中止）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Suspension Due to the Incapacitation of a Party)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="640">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十一条　当事者が不定期間の故障により訴訟手続を続行することができないときは、裁判所は、決定で、その中止を命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 131 (1) If a party is unable to continue with litigation proceedings due to an incapacitation of an uncertain duration, the court may issue an order the suspension of litigation proceedings, in the form of a ruling.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="641">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、前項の決定を取り消すことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The court may revoke the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="642">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（中断及び中止の効果）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Impact of Continuances and Suspensions)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="643">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十二条　判決の言渡しは、訴訟手続の中断中であっても、することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 132 (1) A judgment may be rendered even during a continuance of litigation proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="644">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　訴訟手続の中断又は中止があったときは、期間は、進行を停止する。この場合においては、訴訟手続の受継の通知又はその続行の時から、新たに全期間の進行を始める。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If there is a continuance or suspension of litigation proceedings, the progress of time frames is interrupted. In such a case, all time frames start to run again at the time notice is given of the substitution of a party in proceedings or at the time that litigation proceedings continue.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="645">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六章　訴えの提起前における証拠収集の処分等</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter VI Dispositions on the Collection of Evidence Prior to the Filing of an Action</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="646">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴えの提起前における照会）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Inquiry Prior to the Filing of an Action)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="647">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十二条の二　訴えを提起しようとする者が訴えの被告となるべき者に対し訴えの提起を予告する通知を書面でした場合（以下この章において当該通知を「予告通知」という。）には、その予告通知をした者（以下この章において「予告通知者」という。）は、その予告通知を受けた者に対し、その予告通知をした日から四月以内に限り、訴えの提起前に、訴えを提起した場合の主張又は立証を準備するために必要であることが明らかな事項について、相当の期間を定めて、書面で回答するよう、書面で照会をすることができる。ただし、その照会が次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 132-2 (1) If a person that intends to file an action has provided advance, written notice to the would-be defendant in the action (hereinafter referred to as "advance notice" in this Chapter) of the filing of an action, the person that has provided the advance notice (hereinafter referred to as the "person providing advance notice" in this Chapter), within four months after providing that notice and before filing of the action, may specify a reasonable time frame for response and direct a written inquiry to the person that has received the advance notice, so as to elicit from that person a written response with regard to particulars that will clearly be necessary for preparing allegations or proof if the action is filed; provided, however, that this does not apply if the inquiry falls under any of the following items:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="648">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　第百六十三条各号のいずれかに該当する照会</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) an inquiry that falls under any of the items of Article 163;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="649">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　相手方又は第三者の私生活についての秘密に関する事項についての照会であって、これに回答することにより、その相手方又は第三者が社会生活を営むのに支障を生ずるおそれがあるもの</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) an inquiry into the particulars of a confidential matter in the private life of the adverse party or a third party, any response to which would be substantially detrimental to the adverse party or the third party in that party's social life;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="650">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　相手方又は第三者の営業秘密に関する事項についての照会</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) an inquiry into the particulars of a trade secret of the adverse party or a third party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="651">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項第二号に規定する第三者の私生活についての秘密又は同項第三号に規定する第三者の営業秘密に関する事項についての照会については、相手方がこれに回答することをその第三者が承諾した場合には、これらの規定は、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the third party in question in an inquiry into the particulars of a confidential matter the private life of a third party as prescribed in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph or in an inquiry into the trade secret of a third party as prescribed in item (iii) of that paragraph, authorizes the adverse party to respond to the inquiry, those provisions do not apply.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="652">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　予告通知の書面には、提起しようとする訴えに係る請求の要旨及び紛争の要点を記載しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Written advance notice shall detail the substance of the claim behind the action that the person intends to file and the essential points of the dispute.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="653">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第一項の照会は、既にした予告通知と重複する予告通知に基づいては、することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) It is not permissible for an inquiry as referred to in paragraph (1) to be made based on an advance notice that duplicates any previous advance notice.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="654">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十二条の三　予告通知を受けた者（以下この章において「被予告通知者」という。）は、予告通知者に対し、その予告通知の書面に記載された前条第三項の請求の要旨及び紛争の要点に対する答弁の要旨を記載した書面でその予告通知に対する返答をしたときは、予告通知者に対し、その予告通知がされた日から四月以内に限り、訴えの提起前に、訴えを提起された場合の主張又は立証を準備するために必要であることが明らかな事項について、相当の期間を定めて、書面で回答するよう、書面で照会をすることができる。この場合においては、同条第一項ただし書及び同条第二項の規定を準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 132-3 (1) After a person that has received advance notice (hereinafter referred to as a "recipient of advance notice" in this Chapter) has responded to the person providing advance notice with a written response to that advance notice which details the substance of the recipient's answers with regard to the substance of the claim and essential points of dispute as referred to in paragraph (3) of the preceding Article that are detailed in the written advance notice, the recipient of advance notice, within four months after the day on which the advance notice was provided and before the action is filed, may specify a reasonable time frame for response and direct a written inquiry to the person providing advance notice, so as to elicit from that person a written response with regard to particulars that will clearly be necessary for preparing allegations or proof if the action is filed. In such a case, the provisions of the proviso to paragraph (1) of the preceding Article and paragraph (2) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="655">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の照会は、既にされた予告通知と重複する予告通知に対する返答に基づいては、することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) It is not permissible for an inquiry as referred to in the preceding paragraph to be made based on a response to an advance notice that duplicates any previous advance notice.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="656">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴えの提起前における証拠収集の処分）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dispositions on the Collection of Evidence Prior to the Filing of an Action)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="657">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十二条の四　裁判所は、予告通知者又は前条第一項の返答をした被予告通知者の申立てにより、当該予告通知に係る訴えが提起された場合の立証に必要であることが明らかな証拠となるべきものについて、申立人がこれを自ら収集することが困難であると認められるときは、その予告通知又は返答の相手方（以下この章において単に「相手方」という。）の意見を聴いて、訴えの提起前に、その収集に係る次に掲げる処分をすることができる。ただし、その収集に要すべき時間又は嘱託を受けるべき者の負担が不相当なものとなることその他の事情により、相当でないと認めるときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 132-4 (1) If the court, at the petition by the person providing advance notice or by a recipient of advance notice that has responded as referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, finds that it is difficult for the petitioner to collect evidence that will clearly be necessary as proof if the action for which advance notice has been provided is filed, the court, after hearing the opinions of the adverse party to the advance notice or the response (hereinafter simply referred to as the "adverse party" in this Chapter) and before the action is filed, may reach one of the following dispositions in connection with the collection of evidence; provided, however, that this does not apply if the court finds that doing so would be inappropriate due to the time that would be required for the collection of evidence or the unreasonable burden that it would place on the person that would undertake the commission:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="658">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　文書（第二百三十一条に規定する物件を含む。以下この章において同じ。）の所持者にその文書の送付を嘱託すること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) commissioning the person in possession of a document (including an object prescribed in Article 231; hereinafter the same applies in this Chapter) to send the document;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="659">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　必要な調査を官庁若しくは公署、外国の官庁若しくは公署又は学校、商工会議所、取引所その他の団体（次条第一項第二号において「官公署等」という。）に嘱託すること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) commissioning a government agency or public office, a foreign government agency or public office, or a school, chamber of commerce, exchange, or any other organization (referred to as a "public agency, etc." in paragraph (1), item (ii) of the following Article) to conduct the necessary examination;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="660">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　専門的な知識経験を有する者にその専門的な知識経験に基づく意見の陳述を嘱託すること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) commissioning a person who has expert knowledge and experience to state an opinion based on such expert knowledge and experience;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="661">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　執行官に対し、物の形状、占有関係その他の現況について調査を命ずること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) ordering a court execution officer to conduct an examination into the form, possession, or other current conditions of an object.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="662">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の処分の申立ては、予告通知がされた日から四月の不変期間内にしなければならない。ただし、その期間の経過後にその申立てをすることについて相手方の同意があるときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A petition for a disposition as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be filed within an inalterable time frame of four months from the day on which the advance notice is provided; provided, however, that this does not apply if the adverse party consents to the petition's being filed after the expiration of this time frame.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="663">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の処分の申立ては、既にした予告通知と重複する予告通知又はこれに対する返答に基づいては、することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) It is not permissible for a petition for a disposition as referred to in paragraph (1) to be filed based on an advance notice that duplicates any previous advance notice or based on the response to a duplicate advance notice.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="664">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　裁判所は、第一項の処分をした後において、同項ただし書に規定する事情により相当でないと認められるに至ったときは、その処分を取り消すことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) After having reached a disposition as referred to in paragraph (1), the court may revoke that disposition if it finds that the disposition has come to be inappropriate due to the circumstances prescribed in the proviso to that paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="665">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証拠収集の処分の管轄裁判所等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Court of Jurisdiction in Dispositions on the Collection of Evidence)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="666">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十二条の五　次の各号に掲げる処分の申立ては、それぞれ当該各号に定める地を管轄する地方裁判所にしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 132-5 (1) A petition for a disposition listed in one of the following items shall be filed with the district court of jurisdiction for the place specified in the relevant item:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="667">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　前条第一項第一号の処分の申立て　申立人若しくは相手方の普通裁判籍の所在地又は文書を所持する者の居所</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) a petition for the disposition as referred to in paragraph (1), item (i) of the preceding Article: the locality that constitutes the general venue for an action involving the petitioner or for an action involving the adverse party, or the residence of the person in possession of the document</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="668">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　前条第一項第二号の処分の申立て　申立人若しくは相手方の普通裁判籍の所在地又は調査の嘱託を受けるべき官公署等の所在地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a petition for the disposition as referred to in paragraph (1), item (ii) of the preceding Article: the locality that constitutes the general venue for an action involving the petitioner or for an action involving the adverse party, or the locality of the public agency, etc. that would undertake the commission for the examination;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="669">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　前条第一項第三号の処分の申立て　申立人若しくは相手方の普通裁判籍の所在地又は特定の物につき意見の陳述の嘱託がされるべき場合における当該特定の物の所在地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) a petition for the disposition as referred to in paragraph (1), item (iii) of the preceding Article: the locality that constitutes the general venue for an action involving the petitioner or for an action involving the adverse party, or the location of the specific object about which the commission would be issued for a statement of opinions;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="670">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　前条第一項第四号の処分の申立て　調査に係る物の所在地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) a petition for the disposition as referred to in paragraph (1), item (iv) of the preceding Article: the location of the object connected with the examination.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="671">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第十六条第一項、第二十一条及び第二十二条の規定は、前条第一項の処分の申立てに係る事件について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 16, paragraph (1), Articles 21 and 22 apply mutatis mutandis to a case that involves a petition for a disposition as referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="672">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証拠収集の処分の手続等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Procedures for a Disposition on the Collection of Evidence)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="673">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十二条の六　裁判所は、第百三十二条の四第一項第一号から第三号までの処分をする場合には、嘱託を受けた者が文書の送付、調査結果の報告又は意見の陳述をすべき期間を定めなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 132-6 (1) If the court reaches a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iii), it shall specify a time frame during which the person issued the commission shall send the document, report the examination results, or state an opinion.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="674">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第百三十二条の四第一項第二号の嘱託若しくは同項第四号の命令に係る調査結果の報告又は同項第三号の嘱託に係る意見の陳述は、書面でしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A report of examination results in connection with a commission as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), item (ii) or an order as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), item (iv), or a statement of opinion under the commission as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), item (iii) shall be offered by means of a paper document.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="675">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　裁判所は、第百三十二条の四第一項の処分に基づいて文書の送付、調査結果の報告又は意見の陳述がされたときは、申立人及び相手方にその旨を通知しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) When a document has been sent, examination results have been reported, or opinions have been stated based on a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), the court shall notify the petitioner and the adverse party to that effect.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="676">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　裁判所は、次条の定める手続による申立人及び相手方の利用に供するため、前項に規定する通知を発した日から一月間、送付に係る文書又は調査結果の報告若しくは意見の陳述に係る書面を保管しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) The court shall retain any document sent thereto and any written report of examination results or written statement of opinion during the one-month period after the day on which the court notifies the petitioner and the adverse party as prescribed in the provision of the preceding paragraph, in order to provide them for the petitioner's and the adverse party's use through the process specified in the following Article.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="677">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第百八十条第一項の規定は第百三十二条の四第一項の処分について、第百八十四条第一項の規定は第百三十二条の四第一項第一号から第三号までの処分について、第二百十三条の規定は同号の処分について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) The provision of Article 180, paragraph (1) applies mutatis mutandis to a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), the provision of Article 184, paragraph (1) applies mutatis mutandis to a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iii), and the provision of Article 213 applies mutatis mutandis to a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), item (iii).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="678">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（事件の記録の閲覧等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Inspection of the Record of a Case)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="679">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十二条の七　申立人及び相手方は、裁判所書記官に対し、第百三十二条の四第一項の処分の申立てに係る事件の記録の閲覧若しくは謄写、その正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付又は当該事件に関する事項の証明書の交付を請求することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 132-7 (1) The petitioner and the adverse party may file a request with the court clerk to inspect or copy the record of a case in connection with which a petition for a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1) has been filed, to be issued an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of such a record, or to be issued a certificate of the particulars of said case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="680">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第九十一条第四項及び第五項の規定は、前項の記録について準用する。この場合において、同条第四項中「前項」とあるのは「第百三十二条の七第一項」と、「当事者又は利害関係を疎明した第三者」とあるのは「申立人又は相手方」と読み替えるものとする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 91, paragraphs (4) and (5) apply mutatis mutandis to the record as referred to in the preceding paragraph. In this, the term "the preceding paragraph" in paragraph (4) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "Article 132-7, paragraph (1)", and the phrase "a party to the case or a third party that makes a prima facie showing of interest" is deemed to be replaced with "the petitioner or the adverse party".</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="681">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（不服申立ての不許）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Appeal Not Permitted)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="682">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十二条の八　第百三十二条の四第一項の処分の申立てについての裁判に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 132-8 No appeal may be entered against a judicial decision on a petition for a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="683">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証拠収集の処分に係る裁判に関する費用の負担）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Burden of Costs in Connection with a Judicial Decision Involving a Disposition for the Collection of Evidence)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="684">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十二条の九　第百三十二条の四第一項の処分の申立てについての裁判に関する費用は、申立人の負担とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 132-9 Costs involved in a judicial decision on a petition for a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1) are borne by the petitioner.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="685">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七章　電子情報処理組織による申立て等</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter VII Filing Petitions Through Electronic Data Processing Systems</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="686">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十二条の十　民事訴訟に関する手続における申立てその他の申述（以下「申立て等」という。）のうち、当該申立て等に関するこの法律その他の法令の規定により書面等（書面、書類、文書、謄本、抄本、正本、副本、複本その他文字、図形等人の知覚によって認識することができる情報が記載された紙その他の有体物をいう。以下同じ。）をもってするものとされているものであって、最高裁判所の定める裁判所に対してするもの（当該裁判所の裁判長、受命裁判官、受託裁判官又は裁判所書記官に対してするものを含む。）については、当該法令の規定にかかわらず、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、電子情報処理組織（裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機（入出力装置を含む。以下同じ。）と申立て等をする者又は第三百九十九条第一項の規定による処分の告知を受ける者の使用に係る電子計算機とを電気通信回線で接続した電子情報処理組織をいう。第三百九十七条から第四百一条までにおいて同じ。）を用いてすることができる。ただし、督促手続に関する申立て等であって、支払督促の申立てが書面をもってされたものについては、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 132-10 (1) A petition or other statement connected with proceedings in a civil action (hereinafter referred to as a "Petition, etc.") which, pursuant to the provisions of this Code or other laws and regulations concerning said Petition, etc., is to be filed or entered with the court specified by the Supreme Court (including one to be filed or entered with that court's presiding judge, authorized judge, commissioned judge, or court clerk) by means of Paper Documents, etc. (meaning a paper document, a transcript, extract, authenticated copy, or duplicate of a document, a duplicate of a bill or note, or any other paper or other tangible object into which information that can be perceived with the human senses, such as characters and shapes, has been entered; the same applies hereinafter), may be filed or entered using electronic data processing systems (meaning the electronic data processing systems that connect a Computer (including its input and output devices; the same applies hereinafter) used by the court and the Computer used by the person filing the petition, etc. or the person receiving notice of a disposition under the provision of Article 399, paragraph (1), over telecommunication lines; the same applies in Articles 397 to 401) as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, notwithstanding the provisions of said laws and regulations; provided, however, that this does not apply to a Petition, etc. connected with demand procedures if the application for a demand for payment is filed by means of a paper document.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="687">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項本文の規定によりされた申立て等については、当該申立て等を書面等をもってするものとして規定した申立て等に関する法令の規定に規定する書面等をもってされたものとみなして、当該申立て等に関する法令の規定を適用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A Petition, etc. filed pursuant to the provision of the main clause of the preceding paragraph is deemed to have been filed by means of the Paper Documents, etc. prescribed in the provisions of the laws and regulations relevant to said Petition, etc., in which it is provided that the Petition, etc. is to be filed by means of a Paper Documents, etc., and the provisions of the laws and regulations relevant to said Petition, etc. apply.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="688">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項本文の規定によりされた申立て等は、同項の裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機に備えられたファイルへの記録がされた時に、当該裁判所に到達したものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) A Petition, etc. filed pursuant to the provision of the main clause of paragraph (1) is deemed to have arrived at the court as referred to in that paragraph when it is recorded in a file stored on the Computer used by said court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="689">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第一項本文の場合において、当該申立て等に関する他の法令の規定により署名等（署名、記名、押印その他氏名又は名称を書面等に記載することをいう。以下この項において同じ。）をすることとされているものについては、当該申立て等をする者は、当該法令の規定にかかわらず、当該署名等に代えて、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、氏名又は名称を明らかにする措置を講じなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) Notwithstanding the provisions of other laws and regulations, in a case as referred to in the main clause of paragraph (1), a person filing a Petition, etc. that is to bear a signature, etc. (meaning the relevant person's signature, name, or seal or other inclusion of the relevant person's name or trade name in Paper Documents, etc.; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) pursuant to the provisions of other laws and regulations relevant to said Petition, etc., in lieu of affixing said signature, etc., shall take measures to clarify the name or trade name of the person filing said Petition, etc., as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="690">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第一項本文の規定によりされた申立て等（督促手続における申立て等を除く。次項において同じ。）が第三項に規定するファイルに記録されたときは、第一項の裁判所は、当該ファイルに記録された情報の内容を書面に出力しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) When a Petition, etc. filed pursuant to the provision of the main clause of paragraph (1) (excluding a Petition, etc. filed during demand procedures; the same applies in the following paragraph) has been recorded in the file prescribed in paragraph (3), the court as referred to in paragraph (1) shall output the contents of the data recorded in said file in the form of a paper document.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="691">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>６　第一項本文の規定によりされた申立て等に係る第九十一条第一項又は第三項の規定による訴訟記録の閲覧若しくは謄写又はその正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付（第四百一条において「訴訟記録の閲覧等」という。）は、前項の書面をもってするものとする。当該申立て等に係る書類の送達又は送付も、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(6) The inspection or copying of a case record or issuance of an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of a case record under the provisions of Article 91, paragraph (1) or (3) (referred to as the "inspection, etc. of a case record" in Article 401) that includes a Petition, etc. filed pursuant to the provision of the main clause of paragraph (1), is to be effected by means of the paper document as referred to in the preceding paragraph. The same applies to service or delivery of a document in connection with said Petition, etc.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="692">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二編　第一審の訴訟手続</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part II Litigation Proceedings in the First Instance</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="693">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一章　訴え</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter I Actions</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="694">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴え提起の方式）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Formalities of Filing of an Action)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="695">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十三条　訴えの提起は、訴状を裁判所に提出してしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 133 (1) An action shall be filed through the submission of a complaint to the court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="696">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　訴状には、次に掲げる事項を記載しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The following particulars shall be entered in a complaint:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="697">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　当事者及び法定代理人</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the parties and statutory agents;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="698">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　請求の趣旨及び原因</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) the object of the claim and a statement of the claims.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="699">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証書真否確認の訴え）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Action for Declaratory Judgment as to the Validity of a Certificate)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="700">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十四条　確認の訴えは、法律関係を証する書面の成立の真否を確定するためにも提起することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 134 An action for declaratory judgment may also be filed to determine the authenticity of the provenance of a paper document that certifies a legal relationship.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="701">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（将来の給付の訴え）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Action for Future Performance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="702">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十五条　将来の給付を求める訴えは、あらかじめその請求をする必要がある場合に限り、提起することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 135 An action seeking future performance may be filed only if it is necessary to claim this in advance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="703">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（請求の併合）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Joinder of Claims)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="704">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十六条　数個の請求は、同種の訴訟手続による場合に限り、一の訴えですることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 136 Multiple claims may only be filed in a single action if they are handled through the same kind of litigation proceeding.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="705">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（裁判長の訴状審査権）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Presiding Judge's Authority to Examine a Complaint)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="706">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十七条　訴状が第百三十三条第二項の規定に違反する場合には、裁判長は、相当の期間を定め、その期間内に不備を補正すべきことを命じなければならない。民事訴訟費用等に関する法律（昭和四十六年法律第四十号）の規定に従い訴えの提起の手数料を納付しない場合も、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 137 (1) If a complaint is in violation of the provisions of Article 133, paragraph (2), the presiding judge shall specify a reasonable time frame and order that the defect to be corrected within that time frame. The same applies if the fees for filing of an action required under the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Procedure (Act No. 40 of 1971) have not been paid.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="707">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の場合において、原告が不備を補正しないときは、裁判長は、命令で、訴状を却下しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the plaintiff fails to correct the defect, the presiding judge shall issue an order dismissing the complaint.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="708">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の命令に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) An immediate appeal may be filed against the order as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="709">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴状の送達）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Service of a Complaint)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="710">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十八条　訴状は、被告に送達しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 138 (1) A complaint shall be served on the defendant.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="711">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前条の規定は、訴状の送達をすることができない場合（訴状の送達に必要な費用を予納しない場合を含む。）について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis if it is not possible to serve the complaint (including if the expenses necessary for serving the complaint are not prepaid).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="712">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論期日の指定）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Designation of a Date for Oral Arguments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="713">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百三十九条　訴えの提起があったときは、裁判長は、口頭弁論の期日を指定し、当事者を呼び出さなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 139 When an action has been filed, the presiding judge shall designate a date for oral arguments and summon the parties to appear.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="714">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論を経ない訴えの却下）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of an Action Without Prejudice, Without Oral Arguments Being Heard)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="715">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百四十条　訴えが不適法でその不備を補正することができないときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、訴えを却下することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 140 If an action is not in accordance with the law and this defect cannot be corrected, the court may enter a judgment to dismiss the action without prejudice, without hearing oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="716">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（呼出費用の予納がない場合の訴えの却下）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of an Action Without Prejudice When Expenses for a Summons Have Not Been Prepaid)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="717">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百四十一条　裁判所は、民事訴訟費用等に関する法律の規定に従い当事者に対する期日の呼出しに必要な費用の予納を相当の期間を定めて原告に命じた場合において、その予納がないときは、被告に異議がない場合に限り、決定で、訴えを却下することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 141 (1) If the court has specified a reasonable time frame and ordered the plaintiff to prepay the necessary expenses for summoning the parties to appear for a court date under the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Procedure, but those expenses have not been prepaid, the court may rule to dismiss the action without prejudice, in the form of a ruling, but only if the defendant has no objection to this.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="718">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="719">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（重複する訴えの提起の禁止）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Prohibition Against the Filing of Duplicate Actions)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="720">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百四十二条　裁判所に係属する事件については、当事者は、更に訴えを提起することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 142 It is not permitted for a party to a case pending before the court to file another action in the case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="721">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴えの変更）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Amendment of a Claim)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="722">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百四十三条　原告は、請求の基礎に変更がない限り、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、請求又は請求の原因を変更することができる。ただし、これにより著しく訴訟手続を遅滞させることとなるときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 143 (1) As long as it does not fundamentally change the claim, the plaintiff may amend the claim or the statement of the claims until such time as oral arguments have reached a conclusion; provided, however, that this does not apply if doing so would substantially delay the litigation proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="723">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　請求の変更は、書面でしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The amendment of a claim shall be effected by means of a paper document.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="724">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の書面は、相手方に送達しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The paper document as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be served upon the adverse party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="725">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　裁判所は、請求又は請求の原因の変更を不当であると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、その変更を許さない旨の決定をしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) If the court finds the amendment of the claim or of the statement of the claims to be inappropriate, it shall rule against permitting such amendment, upon petition or sua sponte.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="726">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（選定者に係る請求の追加）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Addition of Appointers' Claims)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="727">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百四十四条　第三十条第三項の規定による原告となるべき者の選定があった場合には、その者は、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、その選定者のために請求の追加をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 144 (1) If a party is appointed to stand as plaintiff through an appointment under the provision of Article 30, paragraph (3), that party may add a claim on behalf of the appointers until such time as oral arguments have reached a conclusion.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="728">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第三十条第三項の規定による被告となるべき者の選定があった場合には、原告は、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、その選定者に係る請求の追加をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a party is appointed to stand as defendant through an appointment under the provision of Article 30, paragraph (3), the plaintiff may add a claim concerning the defendant's appointers until such time as oral arguments have reached a conclusion.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="729">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前条第一項ただし書及び第二項から第四項までの規定は、前二項の請求の追加について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provisions of the proviso to paragraph (1) of the preceding Article and paragraphs (2) to (4) of that paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to the addition of a claim as referred to in the preceding two paragraphs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="730">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（中間確認の訴え）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Action with an Interlocutory Declaration)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="731">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百四十五条　裁判が訴訟の進行中に争いとなっている法律関係の成立又は不成立に係るときは、当事者は、請求を拡張して、その法律関係の確認の判決を求めることができる。ただし、その確認の請求が他の裁判所の専属管轄（当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。）に属するときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 145 (1) If the judicial decision being sought in pending litigation is connected with the validity or invalidity of the legal relationship in dispute, a party may expand the claim and request a declaratory judgment as to such legal relationship; provided, however, that this does not apply if the request for a declaration as to the relationship is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court (excluding one determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="732">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の訴訟が係属する裁判所が第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所である場合において、前項の確認の請求が同条第一項の規定により他の裁判所の専属管轄に属するときは、前項ただし書の規定は、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the litigation as referred to in the preceding paragraph is pending before the court specified in any of the items of Article 6, paragraph (1), and the request for the declaration as referred to in the preceding paragraph is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of that Article, the provision of the proviso to the preceding paragraph do not apply.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="733">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　日本の裁判所が管轄権の専属に関する規定により第一項の確認の請求について管轄権を有しないときは、当事者は、同項の確認の判決を求めることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If, pursuant to the provisions concerning exclusive jurisdiction, Japanese courts have no jurisdiction over a request for a declaration as referred to in paragraph (1), a party may not request a declaratory judgment as referred to in that paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="734">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第百四十三条第二項及び第三項の規定は、第一項の規定による請求の拡張について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) The provisions of Article 143, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the expansion of a claim under the provision of paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="735">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百四十六条　被告は、本訴の目的である請求又は防御の方法と関連する請求を目的とする場合に限り、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、本訴の係属する裁判所に反訴を提起することができる。ただし、次に掲げる場合は、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 146 (1) The defendant may file a counterclaim with the court where the principal action is pending up until such time as oral arguments have reached a conclusion, but only if the subject matter of the counterclaim is a claim with a bearing on the claim that is the subject matter of the principal action or with a bearing on the means of defense; provided, however, that this does not apply in the following cases:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="736">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　反訴の目的である請求が他の裁判所の専属管轄（当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。）に属するとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) if the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court (excluding one determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11);</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="737">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　反訴の提起により著しく訴訟手続を遅滞させることとなるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) if the filing of a counterclaim would substantially delay litigation proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="738">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　本訴の係属する裁判所が第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所である場合において、反訴の目的である請求が同項の規定により他の裁判所の専属管轄に属するときは、前項第一号の規定は、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the principal action is pending before a court specified in any of the items of Article 6, paragraph (1), and the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of that Article, the provision of item (i) of the preceding paragraph does not apply.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="739">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　日本の裁判所が反訴の目的である請求について管轄権を有しない場合には、被告は、本訴の目的である請求又は防御の方法と密接に関連する請求を目的とする場合に限り、第一項の規定による反訴を提起することができる。ただし、日本の裁判所が管轄権の専属に関する規定により反訴の目的である請求について管轄権を有しないときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If the Japanese courts have no jurisdiction over a claim that is the subject matter of a counterclaim, the defendant may file a counterclaim pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) only if the subject matter of the counterclaim is a claim with a close bearing on the claim that is the subject matter of the principal action or with a close bearing on the means of defense; provided, however, that this does not apply if the Japanese courts have no jurisdiction over the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim pursuant to the provisions on exclusive jurisdiction.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="740">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　反訴については、訴えに関する規定による。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) Counterclaims are governed by the provisions on actions.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="741">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（時効中断等の効力発生の時期）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(When Interruption of Prescription Takes Effect)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="742">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百四十七条　時効の中断又は法律上の期間の遵守のために必要な裁判上の請求は、訴えを提起した時又は第百四十三条第二項（第百四十四条第三項及び第百四十五条第四項において準用する場合を含む。）の書面を裁判所に提出した時に、その効力を生ずる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 147 The necessary judicial claim to interrupt prescription or cause a statutory time frame to be observed takes effect at the time that an action is filed or at the time that the paper document as referred to in Article 143, paragraph (2) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 144, paragraph (3) or Article 145, paragraph (4)) is submitted to the court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="743">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二章　計画審理</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter II Planned Trials</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="744">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟手続の計画的進行）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Planned Progress of Litigation Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="745">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百四十七条の二　裁判所及び当事者は、適正かつ迅速な審理の実現のため、訴訟手続の計画的な進行を図らなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 147-2 The court and the parties, in order to achieve a fair and speedy trial, shall endeavor to abide by the planned progress of litigation proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="746">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（審理の計画）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Plan for Trial)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="747">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百四十七条の三　裁判所は、審理すべき事項が多数であり又は錯そうしているなど事件が複雑であることその他の事情によりその適正かつ迅速な審理を行うため必要があると認められるときは、当事者双方と協議をし、その結果を踏まえて審理の計画を定めなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 147-3 (1) If due to the complexities of a case, such as the large number of particulars that shall be examined or complications involving the same, or if due to any other circumstances, it is found to be necessary in order for the court to hold a fair and speedy trial, the court shall consult with both parties and formulate a plan for trial based on the outcome of that consultation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="748">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の審理の計画においては、次に掲げる事項を定めなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A plan for trial as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall specify the following particulars:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="749">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　争点及び証拠の整理を行う期間</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the time frame for arranging issues and evidence;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="750">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　証人及び当事者本人の尋問を行う期間</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) the time frame for examining witnesses and the parties themselves;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="751">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　口頭弁論の終結及び判決の言渡しの予定時期</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) the intended time frame for concluding oral arguments and rendering a judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="752">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の審理の計画においては、前項各号に掲げる事項のほか、特定の事項についての攻撃又は防御の方法を提出すべき期間その他の訴訟手続の計画的な進行上必要な事項を定めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) In addition to the particulars set forth in the items of the preceding paragraph, the plan for trial as referred to in paragraph (1) may specify the time frame for presenting allegations or evidence with regard to any specific matter, and any other particulars that are necessary from the perspective of the planned progress of litigation proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="753">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　裁判所は、審理の現状及び当事者の訴訟追行の状況その他の事情を考慮して必要があると認めるときは、当事者双方と協議をし、その結果を踏まえて第一項の審理の計画を変更することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) If the court finds it necessary in consideration of the current status of a trial, the status of the party's pursuit of litigation, and any other circumstances, the court may consult with both parties and modify the plan for trial as referred to in paragraph (1) based on the outcome of the consultation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="754">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三章　口頭弁論及びその準備</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter III Oral Arguments and Preparation Therefor</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="755">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一節　口頭弁論</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 1 Oral Arguments</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="756">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（裁判長の訴訟指揮権）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Presiding Judge's Authority to Control Litigation Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="757">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百四十八条　口頭弁論は、裁判長が指揮する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 148 (1) The presiding judge directs oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="758">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判長は、発言を許し、又はその命令に従わない者の発言を禁ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The presiding judge may permit a person to speak or prohibit a person who does not comply with the judge's orders from speaking.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="759">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百四十九条　裁判長は、口頭弁論の期日又は期日外において、訴訟関係を明瞭にするため、事実上及び法律上の事項に関し、当事者に対して問いを発し、又は立証を促すことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 149 (1) The presiding judge, on a date for oral arguments or on any other date, may ask questions of a party or call for a party to give proof with regard to a factual or legal matter, in order to clarify a matter that is related to the litigation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="760">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　陪席裁判官は、裁判長に告げて、前項に規定する処置をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An associate judge, after notifying the presiding judge, may take the measures prescribed in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="761">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　当事者は、口頭弁論の期日又は期日外において、裁判長に対して必要な発問を求めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) A party may, on a date for oral arguments or on any other date, request the presiding judge to ask any necessary questions.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="762">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　裁判長又は陪席裁判官が、口頭弁論の期日外において、攻撃又は防御の方法に重要な変更を生じ得る事項について第一項又は第二項の規定による処置をしたときは、その内容を相手方に通知しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) If the presiding judge or associate judge takes the measures under the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) on a date other than a date for oral arguments with regard to a matter that could materially change the allegations or evidence, the judge shall notify the adverse party of the content thereof.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="763">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟指揮等に対する異議）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Objection to the Control of Litigation Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="764">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百五十条　当事者が、口頭弁論の指揮に関する裁判長の命令又は前条第一項若しくは第二項の規定による裁判長若しくは陪席裁判官の処置に対し、異議を述べたときは、裁判所は、決定で、その異議について裁判をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 150 If a party objects to an order issued by the presiding judge in connection with the control of oral arguments or objects to the measures taken by the presiding judge or associate judge under the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, the court reaches a judicial decision on such objection in the form of a ruling.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="765">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百五十一条　裁判所は、訴訟関係を明瞭にするため、次に掲げる処分をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 151 (1) In order to clarify a matter related to litigation, the court may reach any of the following dispositions:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="766">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　当事者本人又はその法定代理人に対し、口頭弁論の期日に出頭することを命ずること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) ordering one of the parties themselves or the statutory agent thereof to appear on a date for oral arguments;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="767">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　口頭弁論の期日において、当事者のため事務を処理し、又は補助する者で裁判所が相当と認めるものに陳述をさせること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) requesting a person that the court considers to be appropriate, and who handles a party's business affairs or acts as a party's assistant, to enter a statement on a date for oral arguments;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="768">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　訴訟書類又は訴訟において引用した文書その他の物件で当事者の所持するものを提出させること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) requesting the submission of a litigation document, document cited during litigation, or any other object held by a party;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="769">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　当事者又は第三者の提出した文書その他の物件を裁判所に留め置くこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) retaining a document or other object submitted by a party or a third party at the court;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="770">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>五　検証をし、又は鑑定を命ずること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(v) inspecting evidence or ordering expert testimony;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="771">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>六　調査を嘱託すること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(vi) commissioning an examination.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="772">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項に規定する検証、鑑定及び調査の嘱託については、証拠調べに関する規定を準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Provisions on the examination of evidence apply mutatis mutandis to the inspection of evidence, expert testimony, and the commissioning of examinations under the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="773">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論の併合等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Consolidation of Oral Arguments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="774">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百五十二条　裁判所は、口頭弁論の制限、分離若しくは併合を命じ、又はその命令を取り消すことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 152 (1) The court may order the restriction, separation, or consolidation of oral arguments, or revoke such order.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="775">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、当事者を異にする事件について口頭弁論の併合を命じた場合において、その前に尋問をした証人について、尋問の機会がなかった当事者が尋問の申出をしたときは、その尋問をしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the court has ordered the consolidation of oral arguments for cases involving different parties and a party requests the examination of a witness who has already been examined before the consolidation but whom the party had no chance to examine, that examination shall be carried out.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="776">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論の再開）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Resumption of Oral Arguments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="777">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百五十三条　裁判所は、終結した口頭弁論の再開を命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 153 The court may order the resumption of oral arguments that have been concluded.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="778">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（通訳人の立会い等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Presence of Interpreters)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="779">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百五十四条　口頭弁論に関与する者が日本語に通じないとき、又は耳が聞こえない者若しくは口がきけない者であるときは、通訳人を立ち会わせる。ただし、耳が聞こえない者又は口がきけない者には、文字で問い、又は陳述をさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 154 (1) If a person participating in oral arguments is unable to communicate in Japanese or is unable to hear or speak, arrangements are made for an interpreter to be present at oral arguments; provided, however, that it is permissible to ask questions of a person who is unable to hear or speak or to cause such a person to enter a statement, by means of writing.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="780">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　鑑定人に関する規定は、通訳人について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions on the experts apply mutatis mutandis to interpreters.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="781">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（弁論能力を欠く者に対する措置）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Measures for Persons Lacking the Ability to Participate in Oral Arguments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="782">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百五十五条　裁判所は、訴訟関係を明瞭にするために必要な陳述をすることができない当事者、代理人又は補佐人の陳述を禁じ、口頭弁論の続行のため新たな期日を定めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 155 (1) The court may prohibit a party, agent, or assistant in court who is unable to enter the necessary statement for clarifying a matter related to the litigation, from entering a statement, and specify a new date for continuing oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="783">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定により陳述を禁じた場合において、必要があると認めるときは、裁判所は、弁護士の付添いを命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the court has prohibited a person from entering a statement pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the court may order the person to be accompanied by an attorney at law, when it finds this to be necessary.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="784">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（攻撃防御方法の提出時期）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Timing for Presenting Allegations and Evidence)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="785">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百五十六条　攻撃又は防御の方法は、訴訟の進行状況に応じ適切な時期に提出しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 156 Allegations and evidence shall be presented at an appropriate time, in accordance with the status of progress in the litigation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="786">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（審理の計画が定められている場合の攻撃防御方法の提出期間）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Time Frame for Presenting Allegations and Evidence When a Plan for Trial Has Been Set)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="787">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百五十六条の二　第百四十七条の三第一項の審理の計画に従った訴訟手続の進行上必要があると認めるときは、裁判長は、当事者の意見を聴いて、特定の事項についての攻撃又は防御の方法を提出すべき期間を定めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 156-2 If the presiding judge finds it to be necessary for the progress of litigation proceedings based on a plan for trial as referred to in Article 147-3, paragraph (1), the presiding judge may specify a time frame for presenting allegations and evidence on a specific matter, after hearing the opinions of the parties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="788">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（時機に後れた攻撃防御方法の却下等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of Allegations or Evidence Presented After Its Time Without Prejudice)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="789">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百五十七条　当事者が故意又は重大な過失により時機に後れて提出した攻撃又は防御の方法については、これにより訴訟の完結を遅延させることとなると認めたときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、却下の決定をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 157 (1) With regard to allegations or evidence that a party has presented after the time for doing so, whether intentionally or through gross negligence, if the court finds that such allegations or evidence will delay the conclusion of litigation, it may rule to dismiss them without prejuice, upon petition or sua sponte.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="790">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　攻撃又は防御の方法でその趣旨が明瞭でないものについて当事者が必要な釈明をせず、又は釈明をすべき期日に出頭しないときも、前項と同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply if a party does not give the necessary explanation with regard to allegations or evidence whose import is unclear, or does not appear on the date for giving an explanation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="791">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（審理の計画が定められている場合の攻撃防御方法の却下）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of Allegations or Evidence Without Prejudice When a Plan for Trial Is Set)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="792">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百五十七条の二　第百四十七条の三第三項又は第百五十六条の二（第百七十条第五項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により特定の事項についての攻撃又は防御の方法を提出すべき期間が定められている場合において、当事者がその期間の経過後に提出した攻撃又は防御の方法については、これにより審理の計画に従った訴訟手続の進行に著しい支障を生ずるおそれがあると認めたときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、却下の決定をすることができる。ただし、その当事者がその期間内に当該攻撃又は防御の方法を提出することができなかったことについて相当の理由があることを疎明したときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 157-2 If a time frame for presenting allegations and evidence on a specific matter is specified pursuant to the provisions of Article 147-3, paragraph (3) or Article 156-2 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 170, paragraph (5)), and the court, with regard to allegations or evidence that a party has presented after the expiration of such time frame, finds that such allegations or evidence would be substantially detrimental to the progress of litigation proceedings based on the plan for trial, the court may rule to dismiss them without prejudice upon petition or sua sponte; provided, however, that this does not apply if the party has made a prima facie showing of reasonable grounds for the party having been unable to present the allegations or evidence within that time frame.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="793">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴状等の陳述の擬制）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Constructive Statements in a Complaint)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="794">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百五十八条　原告又は被告が最初にすべき口頭弁論の期日に出頭せず、又は出頭したが本案の弁論をしないときは、裁判所は、その者が提出した訴状又は答弁書その他の準備書面に記載した事項を陳述したものとみなし、出頭した相手方に弁論をさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 158 If a plaintiff or defendant does not appear on the first date for oral arguments or appears on that date but does not present any oral arguments on the merits, the court may deem the plaintiff or defendant to have stated the particulars detailed in the complaint or written answer or any other brief that party has submitted, and have the adverse party who has appeared on that date present oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="795">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（自白の擬制）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Constructive Admission)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="796">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百五十九条　当事者が口頭弁論において相手方の主張した事実を争うことを明らかにしない場合には、その事実を自白したものとみなす。ただし、弁論の全趣旨により、その事実を争ったものと認めるべきときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 159 (1) If a party, during oral arguments, does not make it clear that the party denies a fact alleged by the adverse party, the party is deemed to have admitted that fact; provided, however, that this does not apply if it should be found, based on the entire import of oral arguments, that the party has denied such a fact.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="797">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　相手方の主張した事実を知らない旨の陳述をした者は、その事実を争ったものと推定する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A person offering a statement indicating that person to have no knowledge of a fact alleged by the adverse party is presumed to have denied that fact.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="798">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の規定は、当事者が口頭弁論の期日に出頭しない場合について準用する。ただし、その当事者が公示送達による呼出しを受けたものであるときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provision of paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis if a party does not appear on a date for oral arguments; provided, however, that this does not apply if such party is summoned through service by publication.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="799">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論調書）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Record of Oral Arguments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="800">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百六十条　裁判所書記官は、口頭弁論について、期日ごとに調書を作成しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 160 (1) The court clerk shall prepare a record of oral arguments for each date of oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="801">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　調書の記載について当事者その他の関係人が異議を述べたときは、調書にその旨を記載しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An objection made by a party or any other person concerned to any entry in the record shall be entered in the record.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="802">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　口頭弁論の方式に関する規定の遵守は、調書によってのみ証明することができる。ただし、調書が滅失したときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Observance of provisions concerning the formalities of oral arguments may be proven only through the record; provided, however, that this does not apply in the event of the loss of the record.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="803">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二節　準備書面等</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 2 Briefs</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="804">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百六十一条　口頭弁論は、書面で準備しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 161 (1) Oral arguments shall be prepared in writing.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="805">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　準備書面には、次に掲げる事項を記載する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A brief details the following particulars:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="806">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　攻撃又は防御の方法</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) allegations and evidence;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="807">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　相手方の請求及び攻撃又は防御の方法に対する陳述</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) statements about the adverse party's claim and allegations and evidence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="808">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　相手方が在廷していない口頭弁論においては、準備書面（相手方に送達されたもの又は相手方からその準備書面を受領した旨を記載した書面が提出されたものに限る。）に記載した事実でなければ、主張することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) During oral arguments for which the adverse party is not present in court, no facts other than those stated in a brief (limited to one served on the adverse party or one whose receipt the adverse party has indicated in a paper document submitted thereby) may be alleged.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="809">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（準備書面等の提出期間）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Time Frame for Submission of Briefs)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="810">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百六十二条　裁判長は、答弁書若しくは特定の事項に関する主張を記載した準備書面の提出又は特定の事項に関する証拠の申出をすべき期間を定めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 162 The presiding judge may specify a time frame for submitting a written answer or a brief detailing an allegation with regard to a specific matter or for offering evidence of a specific matter.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="811">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（当事者照会）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Inquiry by a Party)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="812">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百六十三条　当事者は、訴訟の係属中、相手方に対し、主張又は立証を準備するために必要な事項について、相当の期間を定めて、書面で回答するよう、書面で照会をすることができる。ただし、その照会が次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 163 While litigation is pending, a party may specify a reasonable time frame for response and direct a written inquiry to the adverse party, so as to elicit from that party a written response with regard to particulars that are necessary for preparing allegations or proof; provided, however, that this does not apply if the inquiry falls under any of the following items:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="813">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　具体的又は個別的でない照会</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) an inquiry that is non-concrete or non-specific;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="814">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　相手方を侮辱し、又は困惑させる照会</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) an inquiry that insults the adverse party or that inhibits a free choice of response;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="815">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　既にした照会と重複する照会</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) an inquiry that constitutes a repetition of any previous inquiry;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="816">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　意見を求める照会</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) an inquiry asking for an opinion;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="817">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>五　相手方が回答するために不相当な費用又は時間を要する照会</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(v) an inquiry that would require unreasonable expense or time for the adverse party to respond to;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="818">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>六　第百九十六条又は第百九十七条の規定により証言を拒絶することができる事項と同様の事項についての照会</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(vi) an inquiry about the same kind of particulars as those regarding which a person may refuse to testify pursuant to the provisions of Article 196 or Article 197.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="819">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三節　争点及び証拠の整理手続</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 3 Proceedings for Arranging Issues and Evidence</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="820">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一款　準備的口頭弁論</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Subsection 1 Preliminary Oral Arguments</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="821">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（準備的口頭弁論の開始）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Commencement of Preliminary Oral Arguments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="822">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百六十四条　裁判所は、争点及び証拠の整理を行うため必要があると認めるときは、この款に定めるところにより、準備的口頭弁論を行うことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 164 If the court finds it necessary in order to arrange issues and evidence, the court may hold preliminary oral arguments as provided for in this Subsection.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="823">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証明すべき事実の確認等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Confirmation of the Facts That Will Be Proven)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="824">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百六十五条　裁判所は、準備的口頭弁論を終了するに当たり、その後の証拠調べにより証明すべき事実を当事者との間で確認するものとする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 165 (1) In closing preliminary oral arguments, the court is to confirm with the parties the facts that will be proven through the subsequent examination of evidence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="825">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判長は、相当と認めるときは、準備的口頭弁論を終了するに当たり、当事者に準備的口頭弁論における争点及び証拠の整理の結果を要約した書面を提出させることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the presiding judge finds it to be appropriate, in closing preliminary oral arguments, the judge may have a party submit a paper document summarizing the issues and evidence as arranged through the preliminary oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="826">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（当事者の不出頭等による終了）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Closing of Proceedings Due to a Party's Non-Appearance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="827">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百六十六条　当事者が期日に出頭せず、又は第百六十二条の規定により定められた期間内に準備書面の提出若しくは証拠の申出をしないときは、裁判所は、準備的口頭弁論を終了することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 166 If a party does not appear for a court date or does not submit a brief or offer evidence within the time frame specified pursuant to the provision of Article 162, the court may close preliminary oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="828">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（準備的口頭弁論終了後の攻撃防御方法の提出）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Presentation of Allegations and Evidence After the Close of Preliminary Oral Arguments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="829">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百六十七条　準備的口頭弁論の終了後に攻撃又は防御の方法を提出した当事者は、相手方の求めがあるときは、相手方に対し、準備的口頭弁論の終了前にこれを提出することができなかった理由を説明しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 167 At the request of the adverse party, a party that has presented allegations or evidence after the close of preliminary oral arguments shall explain to the adverse party the reasons that the party was unable to present the allegations or evidence prior to the close of preliminary oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="830">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二款　弁論準備手続</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Subsection 2 Preparatory Proceedings</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="831">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（弁論準備手続の開始）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Commencement of Preparatory Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="832">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百六十八条　裁判所は、争点及び証拠の整理を行うため必要があると認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、事件を弁論準備手続に付することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 168 If the court finds it to be necessary in order to arrange issues and evidence, the court may refer a case to preparatory proceedings, after hearing the opinions of the parties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="833">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（弁論準備手続の期日）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Date for Preparatory Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="834">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百六十九条　弁論準備手続は、当事者双方が立ち会うことができる期日において行う。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 169 (1) Preparatory proceedings are conducted on a date that both parties are able to attend.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="835">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、相当と認める者の傍聴を許すことができる。ただし、当事者が申し出た者については、手続を行うのに支障を生ずるおそれがあると認める場合を除き、その傍聴を許さなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The court may permit the attendance of a person it considers appropriate; provided, however, that the court shall permit the attendance of any person a party requests, unless that person's attendance would be detrimental to the conduct of the proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="836">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（弁論準備手続における訴訟行為等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Procedural Acts in Preparatory Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="837">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百七十条　裁判所は、当事者に準備書面を提出させることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 170 (1) The court may have a party submit a brief.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="838">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、弁論準備手続の期日において、証拠の申出に関する裁判その他の口頭弁論の期日外においてすることができる裁判及び文書（第二百三十一条に規定する物件を含む。）の証拠調べをすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) On a date for preparatory proceedings, the court may reach a judicial decision regarding the offering of evidence or any other judicial decision that may be reached on a date other than a date for oral arguments, and may examine written evidence (including objects prescribed in Article 231).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="839">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　裁判所は、当事者が遠隔の地に居住しているときその他相当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、裁判所及び当事者双方が音声の送受信により同時に通話をすることができる方法によって、弁論準備手続の期日における手続を行うことができる。ただし、当事者の一方がその期日に出頭した場合に限る。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If a party resides in a distant location or the court finds it to be appropriate for any other reason, after hearing the opinions of the parties, the court, as provided by the Rules of the Supreme Court, may conduct the proceedings on a date for preparatory proceedings in a way that enables the court and both parties to communicate with one another at the same time, through audio transmissions; provided, however, that this applies only if one of the parties appears on that date.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="840">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　前項の期日に出頭しないで同項の手続に関与した当事者は、その期日に出頭したものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) The party who has participated in the proceedings as referred to in the preceding paragraph without appearing on the date as referred to in that paragraph is deemed to have appeared on that date.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="841">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第百四十八条から第百五十一条まで、第百五十二条第一項、第百五十三条から第百五十九条まで、第百六十二条、第百六十五条及び第百六十六条の規定は、弁論準備手続について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) The provisions of Articles 148 to 151; Article 152, paragraph (1); Articles 153 to 159; Article 162; Article 165; and Article 166 apply mutatis mutandis to preparatory proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="842">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（受命裁判官による弁論準備手続）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Preparatory Proceedings by an Authorized Judge)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="843">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百七十一条　裁判所は、受命裁判官に弁論準備手続を行わせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 171 (1) The court may have an authorized judge conduct preparatory proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="844">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　弁論準備手続を受命裁判官が行う場合には、前二条の規定による裁判所及び裁判長の職務（前条第二項に規定する裁判を除く。）は、その裁判官が行う。ただし、同条第五項において準用する第百五十条の規定による異議についての裁判及び同項において準用する第百五十七条の二の規定による却下についての裁判は、受訴裁判所がする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) When an authorized judge conducts preparatory proceedings, the court's and the presiding judge's duties under the provisions of the preceding two Articles (excluding the reaching of a judicial decision prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article) are performed by the authorized judge; provided, however, that a judicial decision on an objection under the provision of Article 150 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (5) of that Article and a judicial decision on dismissal without prejudice under the provision of Article 157-2 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to that paragraph are reached by the court in charge of the case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="845">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　弁論準備手続を行う受命裁判官は、第百八十六条の規定による調査の嘱託、鑑定の嘱託、文書（第二百三十一条に規定する物件を含む。）を提出してする書証の申出及び文書（第二百二十九条第二項及び第二百三十一条に規定する物件を含む。）の送付の嘱託についての裁判をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) An authorized judge who conducts preparatory proceedings may reach a judicial decision to commission an examination under the provisions of Article 186 or to commission expert testimony, a judicial decision regarding the offering of documentary evidence following the submission of documents (including the objects prescribed in Article 231), or a judicial decision to commission the sending of documents (including the objects prescribed in Article 229, paragraph (2) and Article 231).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="846">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（弁論準備手続に付する裁判の取消し）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Revocation of a Judicial Decision to Refer a Case to Preparatory Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="847">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百七十二条　裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、弁論準備手続に付する裁判を取り消すことができる。ただし、当事者双方の申立てがあるときは、これを取り消さなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 172 If the court finds it to be appropriate, it may revoke a judicial decision to refer a case to preparatory proceedings, upon petition or sua sponte; provided, however, that the court shall revoke such a judicial decision if both parties so petition.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="848">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（弁論準備手続の結果の陳述）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Statement of the Outcome of Preparatory Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="849">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百七十三条　当事者は、口頭弁論において、弁論準備手続の結果を陳述しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 173 The parties, in oral arguments, shall state the outcome of preparatory proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="850">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（弁論準備手続終結後の攻撃防御方法の提出）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Presenting Allegations and Evidence After the Close of Preparatory Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="851">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百七十四条　第百六十七条の規定は、弁論準備手続の終結後に攻撃又は防御の方法を提出した当事者について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 174 The provision of Article 167 applies mutatis mutandis to a party that has presented allegations or evidence after the close of preparatory proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="852">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三款　書面による準備手続</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Subsection 3 Written Preparatory Proceedings</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="853">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（書面による準備手続の開始）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Commencement of Written Preparatory Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="854">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百七十五条　裁判所は、当事者が遠隔の地に居住しているときその他相当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、事件を書面による準備手続（当事者の出頭なしに準備書面の提出等により争点及び証拠の整理をする手続をいう。以下同じ。）に付することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 175 If a party resides in a distant location or if the court finds it to be appropriate for any other reason, the court may refer a case to Written Preparatory Proceedings (meaning proceedings for arranging issues and evidence through the submission of briefs, etc., without the appearance of the parties; the same applies hereinafter).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="855">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（書面による準備手続の方法等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Manner of Conducting Written Preparatory Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="856">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百七十六条　書面による準備手続は、裁判長が行う。ただし、高等裁判所においては、受命裁判官にこれを行わせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 176 (1) Written Preparatory Proceedings are conducted by the presiding judge; provided, however, that a high court may have an authorized judge conduct that proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="857">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判長又は高等裁判所における受命裁判官（次項において「裁判長等」という。）は、第百六十二条に規定する期間を定めなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The presiding judge or the authorized judge of the high court (hereinafter referred to as the "presiding judge, etc." in the following paragraph) shall set the time frame as referred to in Article 162.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="858">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　裁判長等は、必要があると認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、裁判所及び当事者双方が音声の送受信により同時に通話をすることができる方法によって、争点及び証拠の整理に関する事項その他口頭弁論の準備のため必要な事項について、当事者双方と協議をすることができる。この場合においては、協議の結果を裁判所書記官に記録させることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If the presiding judge, etc. finds it to be necessary, the judge, etc. may consult both parties with regard to particulars involved in the arrangement of issues and evidence or any other necessary particulars for oral arguments, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, in a way that enables the court and both parties to communicate with one another at the same time, through audio transmissions. To do so, the presiding judge, etc. may have the court clerk record the outcome of the consultation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="859">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第百四十九条（第二項を除く。）、第百五十条及び第百六十五条第二項の規定は、書面による準備手続について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) The provisions of Article 149 (excluding paragraph (2)), Article 150, and Article 165, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to Written Preparatory Proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="860">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証明すべき事実の確認）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Confirmation of Facts to Be Proven)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="861">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百七十七条　裁判所は、書面による準備手続の終結後の口頭弁論の期日において、その後の証拠調べによって証明すべき事実を当事者との間で確認するものとする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 177 On a date for oral arguments held after the close of Written Preparatory Proceedings, the court is to confirm with the parties the facts to be proven through the subsequent examination of evidence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="862">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（書面による準備手続終結後の攻撃防御方法の提出）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Presenting Allegations and Evidence After the Close of Written Preparatory Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="863">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百七十八条　書面による準備手続を終結した事件について、口頭弁論の期日において、第百七十六条第四項において準用する第百六十五条第二項の書面に記載した事項の陳述がされ、又は前条の規定による確認がされた後に攻撃又は防御の方法を提出した当事者は、相手方の求めがあるときは、相手方に対し、その陳述又は確認前にこれを提出することができなかった理由を説明しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 178 In a case for which Written Preparatory Proceedings have been closed, at the request of the adverse party, a party that presents allegations or evidence on a date for oral arguments after statements have been entered on the particulars detailed in the paper document as referred to in Article 165, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 176, paragraph (4) or after a confirmation has been made pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article, shall explain to the adverse party the reason that the party was unable to present the allegations or evidence prior to the statements or confirmation being entered.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="864">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四章　証拠</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter IV Evidence</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="865">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一節　総則</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 1 General Provisions</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="866">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証明することを要しない事実）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Facts Not Required to Be Proven)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="867">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百七十九条　裁判所において当事者が自白した事実及び顕著な事実は、証明することを要しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 179 Facts admitted by a party in court and obvious facts are not required to be proven.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="868">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証拠の申出）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Offering of Evidence)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="869">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百八十条　証拠の申出は、証明すべき事実を特定してしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 180 (1) In offering evidence, the fact to be proven thereby shall be specified.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="870">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　証拠の申出は、期日前においてもすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Evidence may be offered prior to court dates.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="871">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証拠調べを要しない場合）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(When Examination of Evidence Is Not Required)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="872">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百八十一条　裁判所は、当事者が申し出た証拠で必要でないと認めるものは、取り調べることを要しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 181 (1) The court is not required to examine evidence offered by a party which the court considers to be unnecessary.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="873">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　証拠調べについて不定期間の障害があるときは、裁判所は、証拠調べをしないことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If there is any obstacle to the examination of evidence which will be present for an uncertain duration, the court may choose not to conduct an examination of evidence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="874">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（集中証拠調べ）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Focused Examination of Witnesses and Parties)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="875">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百八十二条　証人及び当事者本人の尋問は、できる限り、争点及び証拠の整理が終了した後に集中して行わなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 182 The examination of witnesses and the parties themselves shall be conducted in as focused a manner as possible after the arrangement of issues and evidence is completed.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="876">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（当事者の不出頭の場合の取扱い）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Handling When a Party Fails to Appear)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="877">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百八十三条　証拠調べは、当事者が期日に出頭しない場合においても、することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 183 The examination of evidence may be conducted even if neither party appears on a date for oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="878">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（外国における証拠調べ）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Examination of Evidence in a Foreign Country)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="879">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百八十四条　外国においてすべき証拠調べは、その国の管轄官庁又はその国に駐在する日本の大使、公使若しくは領事に嘱託してしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 184 (1) An examination of evidence that is to be conducted in a foreign country shall be conducted on commission to the competent government agency of that country or to the Japanese ambassador, minister, or consul stationed in that country.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="880">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　外国においてした証拠調べは、その国の法律に違反する場合であっても、この法律に違反しないときは、その効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Even if an examination of evidence conducted in a foreign country contravenes the laws of that country, it is still valid if it does not contravene this Code.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="881">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（裁判所外における証拠調べ）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Examination of Evidence Out of Court)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="882">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百八十五条　裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、裁判所外において証拠調べをすることができる。この場合においては、合議体の構成員に命じ、又は地方裁判所若しくは簡易裁判所に嘱託して証拠調べをさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 185 (1) If the court finds it to be appropriate, it may examine evidence out of court. To do so, it may order a member of a panel of judges or commission the district court or summary court to examine evidence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="883">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項に規定する嘱託により職務を行う受託裁判官は、他の地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所において証拠調べをすることを相当と認めるときは、更に証拠調べの嘱託をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a commissioned judge performing the duties of a judge based on the commission prescribed in the preceding paragraph finds it to be appropriate for another district court or summary court to examine the evidence, the judge may further commission it to examine the evidence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="884">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（調査の嘱託）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Commissioning of Examinations)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="885">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百八十六条　裁判所は、必要な調査を官庁若しくは公署、外国の官庁若しくは公署又は学校、商工会議所、取引所その他の団体に嘱託することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 186 The court may commission a government agency or public office, a foreign government agency or public office, or a school, chamber of commerce, exchange, or any other organization to conduct the necessary examinations.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="886">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（参考人等の審尋）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Hearing of Witnesses)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="887">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百八十七条　裁判所は、決定で完結すべき事件について、参考人又は当事者本人を審尋することができる。ただし、参考人については、当事者が申し出た者に限る。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 187 (1) In a case to be concluded with a ruling, the court may hear the witnesses and the parties themselves; provided, however, that such witnesses are limited to those requested by a party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="888">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定による審尋は、相手方がある事件については、当事者双方が立ち会うことができる審尋の期日においてしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In a case involving an adverse party, the hearing under the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be held on a date for questioning that both parties are able to attend.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="889">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百八十八条　疎明は、即時に取り調べることができる証拠によってしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 188 Prima facie showings shall be made using evidence that can be examined immediately.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="890">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（過料の裁判の執行）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Execution of a Judicial Decision for a Civil Fine)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="891">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百八十九条　この章の規定による過料の裁判は、検察官の命令で執行する。この命令は、執行力のある債務名義と同一の効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 189 (1) A judicial decision for a civil fine under the provisions of this Chapter is executed by order of the public prosecutor. This order has the same effect as an enforceable title of obligation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="892">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　過料の裁判の執行は、民事執行法（昭和五十四年法律第四号）その他強制執行の手続に関する法令の規定に従ってする。ただし、執行をする前に裁判の送達をすることを要しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A judicial decision for a civil fine is enforced pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Execution Act (Act No. 4 of 1979) and other laws and regulations concerning procedures for compulsory execution; provided, however, that it is not necessary to serve a person with the judicial decision before executing it.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="893">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　刑事訴訟法（昭和二十三年法律第百三十一号）第五百七条の規定は、過料の裁判の執行について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provision of Article 507 of the Code of Penal Procedure (Act No. 131 of 1948) apply mutatis mutandis to the execution of a judicial decision for a civil fine.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="894">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　過料の裁判の執行があった後に当該裁判（以下この項において「原裁判」という。）に対して即時抗告があった場合において、抗告裁判所が当該即時抗告を理由があると認めて原裁判を取り消して更に過料の裁判をしたときは、その金額の限度において当該過料の裁判の執行があったものとみなす。この場合において、原裁判の執行によって得た金額が当該過料の金額を超えるときは、その超過額は、これを還付しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) If an immediate appeal is filed against a judicial decision for a civil fine after said judicial decision (hereinafter referred to as a "original judicial decision" in this paragraph) is executed, and the court in charge of the appeal finds there to be grounds for immediate appeal, reverses the original judicial decision, and reaches another judicial decision for a civil fine, its judicial decision for said civil fine is deemed to have been executed to the extent of the amount of the original judicial decision. In such a case, if the amount obtained as a result of the execution of the original judicial decision exceeds the amount of said civil fine, the amount in excess shall be refunded.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="895">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二節　証人尋問</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 2 Examination of Witnesses</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="896">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百九十条　裁判所は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、何人でも証人として尋問することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 190 Except as otherwise provided, the court may examine any person as a witness.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="897">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（公務員の尋問）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Examination of a Public Officer)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="898">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百九十一条　公務員又は公務員であった者を証人として職務上の秘密について尋問する場合には、裁判所は、当該監督官庁（衆議院若しくは参議院の議員又はその職にあった者についてはその院、内閣総理大臣その他の国務大臣又はその職にあった者については内閣）の承認を得なければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 191 (1) If the court will examine a public officer or a person who was a public officer as a witness with regard to any confidential information connected with that person's duties, the court shall obtain the approval of the relevant supervisory government agency (in the case of a member of the House of Representatives or House of Councillors or a person who held such office, the relevant House; in the case of the Prime Minister or any other Minister of State or a person who held such post, the Cabinet).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="899">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の承認は、公共の利益を害し、又は公務の遂行に著しい支障を生ずるおそれがある場合を除き、拒むことができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A supervisory government agency may not refuse to give the approval as referred to in the preceding paragraph, except if such approval is likely to harm the public interest or substantially hinder the performance of public duties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="900">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（不出頭に対する過料等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Civil Fines for Non-Appearance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="901">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百九十二条　証人が正当な理由なく出頭しないときは、裁判所は、決定で、これによって生じた訴訟費用の負担を命じ、かつ、十万円以下の過料に処する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 192 (1) If a witness, without a legitimate reason for doing so, fails to appear, the court issues a ruling ordering the witness to bear any court costs incurred due to the witness's failure to appear, and sentences that witness to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="902">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="903">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（不出頭に対する罰金等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Criminal Fines for Non-Appearance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="904">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百九十三条　証人が正当な理由なく出頭しないときは、十万円以下の罰金又は拘留に処する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 193 (1) If a witness fails to appear without a legitimate reason, the witness is sentenced to a criminal fine of not more than 100,000 yen or misdemeanor imprisonment without work.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="905">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の罪を犯した者には、情状により、罰金及び拘留を併科することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Both a criminal fine and misdemeanor imprisonment without work may be imposed cumulatively on a person who has committed the crime as referred to in the preceding paragraph, depending on the circumstances.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="906">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百九十四条　裁判所は、正当な理由なく出頭しない証人の勾引を命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 194 (1) The court may subpoena a witness who fails to appear without a legitimate reason for failing to do so.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="907">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　刑事訴訟法中勾引に関する規定は、前項の勾引について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure concerning subpoenas apply mutatis mutandis to a subpoena as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="908">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（受命裁判官等による証人尋問）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Examination of a Witness by an Authorized Judge)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="909">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百九十五条　裁判所は、次に掲げる場合に限り、受命裁判官又は受託裁判官に裁判所外で証人の尋問をさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 195 The court may have an authorized judge or a commissioned judge examine a witness out of court, but only in the following cases:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="910">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　証人が受訴裁判所に出頭する義務がないとき、又は正当な理由により出頭することができないとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the witness has no obligation to appear before the court in charge of the case, or has a legitimate reason for being unable to appear before that court;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="911">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　証人が受訴裁判所に出頭するについて不相当な費用又は時間を要するとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) it would require unreasonable expense or time for the witness to appear before the court in charge of the case;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="912">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　現場において証人を尋問することが事実を発見するために必要であるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) it is necessary to examine the witness at the scene of the dispute in order to discover a fact;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="913">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　当事者に異議がないとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) neither party has any objection.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="914">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証言拒絶権）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Right to Refuse to Testify)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="915">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百九十六条　証言が証人又は証人と次に掲げる関係を有する者が刑事訴追を受け、又は有罪判決を受けるおそれがある事項に関するときは、証人は、証言を拒むことができる。証言がこれらの者の名誉を害すべき事項に関するときも、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 196 If a witness's testimony relates to a matter for which the witness, personally, or a person related to the witness in any of the following ways, would likely be subject to criminal prosecution or conviction, the witness may refuse to testify. The same applies if a witness's testimony relates to a matter that would harm the reputation of such persons:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="916">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　配偶者、四親等内の血族若しくは三親等内の姻族の関係にあり、又はあったこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) a person who is or was the witness's spouse, relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity, or relative within the third degree of affinity;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="917">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　後見人と被後見人の関係にあること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) the witness's guardian or a person under the guardianship of the witness.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="918">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百九十七条　次に掲げる場合には、証人は、証言を拒むことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 197 (1) In the following cases, a witness may refuse to testify:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="919">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　第百九十一条第一項の場合</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) a case as referred to in Article 191, paragraph (1)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="920">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　医師、歯科医師、薬剤師、医薬品販売業者、助産師、弁護士（外国法事務弁護士を含む。）、弁理士、弁護人、公証人、宗教、祈祷若しくは祭祀の職にある者又はこれらの職にあった者が職務上知り得た事実で黙秘すべきものについて尋問を受ける場合</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a person who is or was a doctor, dentist, pharmacist, pharmaceuticals distributor, birthing assistant, attorney at law (this includes registered foreign lawyers), patent attorney, defense counsel, notary, or person engaged in a religious occupation is examined with regard to any fact learned in the course of duty that shall remain confidential;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="921">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　技術又は職業の秘密に関する事項について尋問を受ける場合</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) the witness is examined with regard to a matter that involves a technical or professional secret.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="922">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定は、証人が黙秘の義務を免除された場合には、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the witness has been released from the duty of silence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="923">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証言拒絶の理由の疎明）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Prima Facie Showing of Reasons for Refusal to Testify)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="924">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百九十八条　証言拒絶の理由は、疎明しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 198 A prima facie showing shall be made of the grounds for a witness' refusal to testify.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="925">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証言拒絶についての裁判）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Judicial Decision on Refusal to Testify)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="926">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第百九十九条　第百九十七条第一項第一号の場合を除き、証言拒絶の当否については、受訴裁判所が、当事者を審尋して、決定で、裁判をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 199 (1) Except in the case as referred to in Article 197, paragraph (1), item (i), the court in charge of the case hears the parties and reaches a judicial decision, in the form of a ruling, on the propriety of the refusal to testify.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="927">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の裁判に対しては、当事者及び証人は、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The party and the witness may file an immediate appeal against the judicial decision as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="928">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証言拒絶に対する制裁）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Sanctions for Refusal to Testify)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="929">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百条　第百九十二条及び第百九十三条の規定は、証言拒絶を理由がないとする裁判が確定した後に証人が正当な理由なく証言を拒む場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 200 The provisions of Articles 192 and 193 apply mutatis mutandis if, after a judicial decision finding no grounds for a witness' refusal to testify becomes final and binding, the witness still refuses to testify, without a legitimate reason for refusing to do so.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="930">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百一条　証人には、特別の定めがある場合を除き、宣誓をさせなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 201 (1) Except as otherwise provided, the court shall have a witness swear under oath.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="931">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　十六歳未満の者又は宣誓の趣旨を理解することができない者を証人として尋問する場合には、宣誓をさせることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) When examining a person under 16 years of age or person who is unable to understand the purpose of swearing under oath as a witness, the court may not make the witness swear under oath.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="932">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第百九十六条の規定に該当する証人で証言拒絶の権利を行使しないものを尋問する場合には、宣誓をさせないことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) When examining a witness who falls under the provisions of Article 196 and does not exercise the right to refuse to testify, the court may choose not to have the witness swear under oath.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="933">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　証人は、自己又は自己と第百九十六条各号に掲げる関係を有する者に著しい利害関係のある事項について尋問を受けるときは、宣誓を拒むことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) A witness may refuse to swear under oath when being examined with regard to matters in which the witness, personally, or a person to whom the witness is related in any of the ways listed in the items of Article 196, is deeply interested.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="934">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第百九十八条及び第百九十九条の規定は証人が宣誓を拒む場合について、第百九十二条及び第百九十三条の規定は宣誓拒絶を理由がないとする裁判が確定した後に証人が正当な理由なく宣誓を拒む場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) The provisions of Articles 198 and 199 apply mutatis mutandis if a witness refuses to swear under oath, and the provisions of Articles 192 and 193 apply mutatis mutandis if, after a judicial decision finding no grounds for a refusal to testify becomes final and binding, the witness still refuses to testify, without a legitimate reason for refusing to do so.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="935">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（尋問の順序）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Order of Examination)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="936">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百二条　証人の尋問は、その尋問の申出をした当事者、他の当事者、裁判長の順序でする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 202 (1) A witness is examined by the party requesting the examination, the other party, and the presiding judge, in that order.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="937">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判長は、適当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、前項の順序を変更することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) When the presiding judge finds it to be appropriate, the judge may change the order as referred to in the preceding paragraph, after hearing the opinions of the parties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="938">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　当事者が前項の規定による変更について異議を述べたときは、裁判所は、決定で、その異議について裁判をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If a party objects to a change under the provision of the preceding paragraph, the court reaches a judicial decision on the objection in the form of a ruling.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="939">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（書類に基づく陳述の禁止）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Prohibition Against Statements Based Off of Documents)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="940">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百三条　証人は、書類に基づいて陳述することができない。ただし、裁判長の許可を受けたときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 203 A witness may not enter a statement that is based off of a document; provided, however, that this does not apply if the witness obtains the permission of the presiding judge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="941">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（映像等の送受信による通話の方法による尋問）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Examination Based on Communication Through Audio and Visual Transmissions)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="942">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百四条　裁判所は、遠隔の地に居住する証人の尋問をする場合には、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、隔地者が映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によって、尋問をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 204 When examining a witness who resides in a distant location, the court, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, may examine the witness in a way that enables persons at a distance to communicate with an awareness of one another's state of being, through audio and visual transmissions.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="943">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（尋問に代わる書面の提出）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Submission of Paper Documents in Lieu of Examination)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="944">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百五条　裁判所は、相当と認める場合において、当事者に異議がないときは、証人の尋問に代え、書面の提出をさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 205 If the court finds it to be appropriate and neither party objects, the court may have a witness submit a paper document in lieu of witness examination.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="945">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（受命裁判官等の権限）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Powers of an Authorized Judge)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="946">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百六条　受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が証人尋問をする場合には、裁判所及び裁判長の職務は、その裁判官が行う。ただし、第二百二条第三項の規定による異議についての裁判は、受訴裁判所がする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 206 If an authorized judge or a commissioned judge examines a witness, the relevant judge performs the duties of the court and the presiding judge; provided, however, that a judicial decision on an objection under the provision of Article 202, paragraph (3) is reached by the court in charge of the case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="947">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三節　当事者尋問</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 3 Examination of the Parties</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="948">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（当事者本人の尋問）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Examination of Parties Themselves)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="949">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百七条　裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、当事者本人を尋問することができる。この場合においては、その当事者に宣誓をさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 207 (1) The court, upon petition or sua sponte, may examine the parties themselves. To do so, the court may have the party in question swear under oath.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="950">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　証人及び当事者本人の尋問を行うときは、まず証人の尋問をする。ただし、適当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、まず当事者本人の尋問をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If examining both a witness and one of the parties themselves, the court examines the witness first; provided, however, that when the court finds it appropriate, it may examine the party in question first, after hearing the opinions of the parties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="951">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（不出頭等の効果）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Result of Non-Appearance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="952">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百八条　当事者本人を尋問する場合において、その当事者が、正当な理由なく、出頭せず、又は宣誓若しくは陳述を拒んだときは、裁判所は、尋問事項に関する相手方の主張を真実と認めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 208 If one of the parties themselves is to be examined and that party, without a legitimate reason, fails to appear or refuses to swear under oath or enter a statement, the court may find that the opposing party's allegations concerning the matters for examination are true.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="953">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（虚偽の陳述に対する過料）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Civil Fines for False Statements)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="954">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百九条　宣誓した当事者が虚偽の陳述をしたときは、裁判所は、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 209 (1) If a party who has sworn under oath has entered a false statement, the court issues a ruling sentencing the party to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="955">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="956">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の場合において、虚偽の陳述をした当事者が訴訟の係属中その陳述が虚偽であることを認めたときは、裁判所は、事情により、同項の決定を取り消すことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) In the case as referred to in paragraph (1), if the party who has entered the false statement admits that the statement is false while the litigation is pending, the court may revoke the ruling as referred to in that paragraph, depending on the circumstances.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="957">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証人尋問の規定の準用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on the Examination of Witnesses)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="958">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百十条　第百九十五条、第二百一条第二項、第二百二条から第二百四条まで及び第二百六条の規定は、当事者本人の尋問について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 210 The provisions of Article 195; Article 201, paragraph (2); Articles 202 to 204; and Article 206 apply mutatis mutandis to the examination of the parties themselves.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="959">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（法定代理人の尋問）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Examination of Statutory Agents)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="960">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百十一条　この法律中当事者本人の尋問に関する規定は、訴訟において当事者を代表する法定代理人について準用する。ただし、当事者本人を尋問することを妨げない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 211 The provisions of this Code concerning the examination of the parties themselves apply mutatis mutandis with regard to a statutory agent who represents a party in litigation; provided, however, that this does not preclude the examination of the parties themselves.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="961">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四節　鑑定</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 4 Expert Testimony</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="962">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百十二条　鑑定に必要な学識経験を有する者は、鑑定をする義務を負う。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 212 (1) A person who has the relevant knowledge and experience necessary to give expert testimony bears the obligation to give expert testimony.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="963">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第百九十六条又は第二百一条第四項の規定により証言又は宣誓を拒むことができる者と同一の地位にある者及び同条第二項に規定する者は、鑑定人となることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A person of the same status as a person who may refuse to testify or refuse to swear under oath pursuant to the provisions of Article 196 or Article 201, paragraph (4), or a person prescribed in Article 201, paragraph (2), may not serve as an expert.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="964">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（鑑定人の指定）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Designation of Experts)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="965">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百十三条　鑑定人は、受訴裁判所、受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が指定する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 213 An expert is designated by the court in charge of the case, an authorized judge or a commissioned judge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="966">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百十四条　鑑定人について誠実に鑑定をすることを妨げるべき事情があるときは、当事者は、その鑑定人が鑑定事項について陳述をする前に、これを忌避することができる。鑑定人が陳述をした場合であっても、その後に、忌避の原因が生じ、又は当事者がその原因があることを知ったときは、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 214 (1) If there are circumstances in which an expert is involved that could prevent expert testimony from being given in good faith, a party may challenge the expert before the expert enters a statement about a matter involved in the expert testimony. The same applies if, after an expert enters a statement, any grounds for challenge occur or a party becomes aware of the existence of any grounds for challenge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="967">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　忌避の申立ては、受訴裁判所、受命裁判官又は受託裁判官にしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A motion to challenge shall be filed with the court in charge of the case, an authorized judge or a commissioned judge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="968">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　忌避を理由があるとする決定に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) No appeal may be entered against a ruling finding grounds for challenge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="969">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　忌避を理由がないとする決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling finding no grounds for challenge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="970">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（鑑定人の陳述の方式等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Formalities of Statements by Experts)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="971">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百十五条　裁判長は、鑑定人に、書面又は口頭で、意見を述べさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 215 (1) The presiding judge may have an expert state an opinion in writing or orally.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="972">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、鑑定人に意見を述べさせた場合において、当該意見の内容を明瞭にし、又はその根拠を確認するため必要があると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、鑑定人に更に意見を述べさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the court has an expert state an opinion and finds it to be necessary in order to clarify the content of the opinion or confirm its basis, the court, upon petition or sua sponte, may have the expert state further opinions.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="973">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（鑑定人質問）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Asking Questions of an Expert)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="974">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百十五条の二　裁判所は、鑑定人に口頭で意見を述べさせる場合には、鑑定人が意見の陳述をした後に、鑑定人に対し質問をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 215-2 (1) If the court has an expert state an opinion orally, it may ask the expert questions after the expert has stated the opinion.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="975">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の質問は、裁判長、その鑑定の申出をした当事者、他の当事者の順序でする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The questions as referred to in the preceding paragraph are asked by the presiding judge, the party requesting the expert testimony, and the other party, in that order.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="976">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　裁判長は、適当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、前項の順序を変更することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If the presiding judge finds it to be appropriate, the judge may change the order as referred to in the preceding paragraph, after hearing the opinions of the parties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="977">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　当事者が前項の規定による変更について異議を述べたときは、裁判所は、決定で、その異議について裁判をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) If a party objects to a change under the provision of the preceding paragraph, the court reaches a judicial decision on the objection in the form of a ruling.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="978">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（映像等の送受信による通話の方法による陳述）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Statements Based on Communication Through Audio and Visual Transmissions)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="979">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百十五条の三　裁判所は、鑑定人に口頭で意見を述べさせる場合において、鑑定人が遠隔の地に居住しているときその他相当と認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、隔地者が映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によって、意見を述べさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 215-3 If the court has an expert state an opinion orally, and the expert resides in a distant location or the court finds it to be appropriate for any other reason, the court, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, may have the expert state an opinion in a way that enables persons at a distance to communicate with an awareness of one another's state of being, through audio and visual transmissions.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="980">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（受命裁判官等の権限）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Powers of an Authorized Judge)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="981">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百十五条の四　受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が鑑定人に意見を述べさせる場合には、裁判所及び裁判長の職務は、その裁判官が行う。ただし、第二百十五条の二第四項の規定による異議についての裁判は、受訴裁判所がする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 215-4 If an authorized judge or a commissioned judge has an expert state an opinion, that judge performs the duties of the court and the presiding judge; provided, however, that a judicial decision on an objection under the provision of Article 215-2, paragraph (4) is reached by the court in charge of the case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="982">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証人尋問の規定の準用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on the Examination of Witnesses)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="983">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百十六条　第百九十一条の規定は公務員又は公務員であった者に鑑定人として職務上の秘密について意見を述べさせる場合について、第百九十七条から第百九十九条までの規定は鑑定人が鑑定を拒む場合について、第二百一条第一項の規定は鑑定人に宣誓をさせる場合について、第百九十二条及び第百九十三条の規定は鑑定人が正当な理由なく出頭しない場合、鑑定人が宣誓を拒む場合及び鑑定拒絶を理由がないとする裁判が確定した後に鑑定人が正当な理由なく鑑定を拒む場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 216 The provisions of Article 191 apply mutatis mutandis if the court has a public officer or person who was a public officer state an opinion as an expert with regard to any confidential information in connection with that person's duties, the provisions of Articles 197 to 199 apply mutatis mutandis if an expert refuses to give expert testimony, the provision of Article 201, paragraph (1) applies mutatis mutandis if the court has an expert swear under oath, and the provisions of Articles 192 and 193 apply mutatis mutandis if an expert fails to appear without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, if an expert refuses to swear under oath, and if, after a judicial decision finding no grounds for refusal to give expert testimony has become final and binding, the expert still refuses to give expert testimony, without a legitimate reason for refusing to do so.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="984">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百十七条　特別の学識経験により知り得た事実に関する尋問については、証人尋問に関する規定による。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 217 An examination regarding facts that an expert has learned based on that expert's special knowledge and experience is governed by the provisions on the examination of a witness.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="985">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（鑑定の嘱託）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Commissioning of Expert Testimony)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="986">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百十八条　裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、官庁若しくは公署、外国の官庁若しくは公署又は相当の設備を有する法人に鑑定を嘱託することができる。この場合においては、宣誓に関する規定を除き、この節の規定を準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 218 (1) If the court finds it to be necessary, it may commission a government agency or public office, a foreign government agency or public office, or a corporation that has adequate equipment to give expert testimony. In such a case, the provisions of this Section, except for those concerning swearing under oath, apply mutatis mutandis.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="987">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の場合において、裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、官庁、公署又は法人の指定した者に鑑定書の説明をさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, when the court finds it to be necessary, it may have a person designated by the government agency, public office, or corporation give an explanation of written expert testimony.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="988">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五節　書証</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 5 Documentary Evidence</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="989">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（書証の申出）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Offering of Documentary Evidence)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="990">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百十九条　書証の申出は、文書を提出し、又は文書の所持者にその提出を命ずることを申し立ててしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 219 Documentary evidence shall be offered through the submission of a document or a request for the court to order the person in possession of a document to submit that document.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="991">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（文書提出義務）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Obligation to Submit Documents)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="992">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百二十条　次に掲げる場合には、文書の所持者は、その提出を拒むことができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 220 In the following cases, the person in possession of the document in question may not refuse to submit that document:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="993">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　当事者が訴訟において引用した文書を自ら所持するとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) if a party is personally in possession of a document that the party has cited in litigation;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="994">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　挙証者が文書の所持者に対しその引渡し又は閲覧を求めることができるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) if it is permissible for the party that will offer the evidence to request the person in possession of the document to deliver it or allow it to be inspected;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="995">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　文書が挙証者の利益のために作成され、又は挙証者と文書の所持者との間の法律関係について作成されたとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) if the document has been prepared in the interest of the party that will offer the evidence or with regard to the legal relationships between the party that will offer the evidence and the person in possession of the document;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="996">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　前三号に掲げる場合のほか、文書が次に掲げるもののいずれにも該当しないとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) in cases other than those listed in the preceding three items, if the document does not fall under any of the following categories:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="997">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>イ　文書の所持者又は文書の所持者と第百九十六条各号に掲げる関係を有する者についての同条に規定する事項が記載されている文書</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(a) a document detailing the particulars prescribed in Article 196 with regard to the person in possession of the document or a person who is related to the person in possession of the document in any of the ways set forth in the items of that Article;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="998">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ロ　公務員の職務上の秘密に関する文書でその提出により公共の利益を害し、又は公務の遂行に著しい支障を生ずるおそれがあるもの</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(b) a document concerning confidential information in connection with a public officer's duties, which, if submitted, would likely harm the public interest or substantially hinder the performance of a public duty;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="999">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ハ　第百九十七条第一項第二号に規定する事実又は同項第三号に規定する事項で、黙秘の義務が免除されていないものが記載されている文書</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(c) a document detailing a fact prescribed in Article 197, paragraph (1), item (ii) or a particular prescribed in Article 197, paragraph (1), item (iii), neither or which are exempt from the duty of silence;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1000">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ニ　専ら文書の所持者の利用に供するための文書（国又は地方公共団体が所持する文書にあっては、公務員が組織的に用いるものを除く。）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(d) a document prepared exclusively for the use of the person in possession (excluding a document held by the State or a local public entity, which is used by a public officer for an organizational purpose);</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1001">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>ホ　刑事事件に係る訴訟に関する書類若しくは少年の保護事件の記録又はこれらの事件において押収されている文書</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(e) documents related to the litigation of a criminal case, the case record in a juvenile protective case, or a document seized in these cases.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1002">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（文書提出命令の申立て）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Petition for an Order to Submit Documents)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1003">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百二十一条　文書提出命令の申立ては、次に掲げる事項を明らかにしてしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 221 (1) In petitioning for an order to submit a document, the following particulars shall be made clear:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1004">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　文書の表示</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the indications of the document;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1005">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　文書の趣旨</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) the purport of the document;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1006">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　文書の所持者</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) the person in possession of the document;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1007">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　証明すべき事実</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) the facts to be proven by the document;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1008">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>五　文書の提出義務の原因</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(v) the cause of the obligation to submit the document.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1009">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前条第四号に掲げる場合であることを文書の提出義務の原因とする文書提出命令の申立ては、書証の申出を文書提出命令の申立てによってする必要がある場合でなければ、することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) It is not permissible for a petition for an order to submit a document to be filed on the grounds that the document falls under any of the categories listed in item (iv) of the preceding Article, unless it is necessary to offer documentary evidence by way of a petition for an order to submit a document.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1010">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（文書の特定のための手続）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Procedures for Identifying a Document)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1011">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百二十二条　文書提出命令の申立てをする場合において、前条第一項第一号又は第二号に掲げる事項を明らかにすることが著しく困難であるときは、その申立ての時においては、これらの事項に代えて、文書の所持者がその申立てに係る文書を識別することができる事項を明らかにすれば足りる。この場合においては、裁判所に対し、文書の所持者に当該文書についての同項第一号又は第二号に掲げる事項を明らかにすることを求めるよう申し出なければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 222 (1) If a person files a petition for an order to submit a document and it is extremely difficult to clarify the particulars set forth in paragraph (1), item (i) or (ii) of the preceding Article, it is sufficient when filing the petition to clarify, in lieu of that particulars, any particulars by which the person in possession of the document can identify the document to which the petition pertains. In such a case, the petitioner shall motion the court to request the person in possession of the document to clarify the particulars set forth in item (i) or item (ii) of that paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1012">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定による申出があったときは、裁判所は、文書提出命令の申立てに理由がないことが明らかな場合を除き、文書の所持者に対し、同項後段の事項を明らかにすることを求めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) When a motion under the provision of the preceding paragraph is made, unless the petition for an order to submit the document is clearly groundless, the court may request the person in possession of the document to clarify the particulars as referred to in the second sentence of that paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1013">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（文書提出命令等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Order to Submit Documents)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1014">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百二十三条　裁判所は、文書提出命令の申立てを理由があると認めるときは、決定で、文書の所持者に対し、その提出を命ずる。この場合において、文書に取り調べる必要がないと認める部分又は提出の義務があると認めることができない部分があるときは、その部分を除いて、提出を命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 223 (1) If the court finds there to be grounds for a petition for an order to submit a document, it issues a ruling ordering the person in possession of the document to submit the document. In such a case, if the document contains any part that it is found unnecessary to examine or which cannot be found to be subject to the obligation to submit, the court may order the submission of the document excluding such part.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1015">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、第三者に対して文書の提出を命じようとする場合には、その第三者を審尋しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Before seeking to order a third party to submit a document, the court shall hear the third party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1016">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　裁判所は、公務員の職務上の秘密に関する文書について第二百二十条第四号に掲げる場合であることを文書の提出義務の原因とする文書提出命令の申立てがあった場合には、その申立てに理由がないことが明らかなときを除き、当該文書が同号ロに掲げる文書に該当するかどうかについて、当該監督官庁（衆議院又は参議院の議員の職務上の秘密に関する文書についてはその院、内閣総理大臣その他の国務大臣の職務上の秘密に関する文書については内閣。以下この条において同じ。）の意見を聴かなければならない。この場合において、当該監督官庁は、当該文書が同号ロに掲げる文書に該当する旨の意見を述べるときは、その理由を示さなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If a petition for an order to submit a document has been filed with regard to a document concerning confidential information connected with a public officer's duties on the grounds that the document falls under any of the categories set forth in Article 220, item (iv), unless the petition is clearly groundless, the court shall hear the opinion of the supervisory government agency concerned (in the case of a member of the House of Representatives or House of Councillors or a person who held such office, the relevant House; in the case of the Prime Minister or any other Minister of State or a person who held such office, the Cabinet) as to whether the document in question falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220, item (iv), (b). In such a case, if the supervisory government agency states the opinion that the document falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220, item (iv), (b), it shall specify the reasons therefor.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1017">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　前項の場合において、当該監督官庁が当該文書の提出により次に掲げるおそれがあることを理由として当該文書が第二百二十条第四号ロに掲げる文書に該当する旨の意見を述べたときは、裁判所は、その意見について相当の理由があると認めるに足りない場合に限り、文書の所持者に対し、その提出を命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) In the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if said supervisory government agency has stated the opinion that said document falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220, item (iv), (b) on the grounds that submission of said document would cause any of the following risks, the court may order the person in possession of the document to submit the document only if it cannot find sufficient reasonable grounds for such opinion:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1018">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　国の安全が害されるおそれ、他国若しくは国際機関との信頼関係が損なわれるおそれ又は他国若しくは国際機関との交渉上不利益を被るおそれ</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) a risk that the document will impair national security, harm a relationship of trust with a foreign country or international organization, or give rise to a disadvantage in negotiations with a foreign country or international organization;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1019">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　犯罪の予防、鎮圧又は捜査、公訴の維持、刑の執行その他の公共の安全と秩序の維持に支障を及ぼすおそれ</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a risk that the document will hinder the prevention, suppression, or investigation of a crime, the continuation of prosecution, the execution of a sentence, or any other maintenance of public safety and order.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1020">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第三項前段の場合において、当該監督官庁は、当該文書の所持者以外の第三者の技術又は職業の秘密に関する事項に係る記載がされている文書について意見を述べようとするときは、第二百二十条第四号ロに掲げる文書に該当する旨の意見を述べようとするときを除き、あらかじめ、当該第三者の意見を聴くものとする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) In the case as referred to in the first sentence of paragraph (3), if said supervisory government agency intends to state its opinion about a document that details particulars involving a technical or professional secret of a third party other than the person in possession of said document, it shall hear the opinion of said third party in advance of doing so, unless it intends to state the opinion that the document falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220, item (iv), (b).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1021">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>６　裁判所は、文書提出命令の申立てに係る文書が第二百二十条第四号イからニまでに掲げる文書のいずれかに該当するかどうかの判断をするため必要があると認めるときは、文書の所持者にその提示をさせることができる。この場合においては、何人も、その提示された文書の開示を求めることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(6) If the court finds it to be necessary in order to determine which of the categories of documents set forth in Article 220, item (iv), (a) to (d) the document to which the petition for an order to submit a document pertains falls under, the court may have the person in possession of the document present the document. In such a case, no person may request the document so presented to be disclosed.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1022">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>７　文書提出命令の申立てについての決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(7) An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling on a petition for an order to submit a document.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1023">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（当事者が文書提出命令に従わない場合等の効果）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Effect of a Party's Non-Compliance with an Order to Submit a Document)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1024">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百二十四条　当事者が文書提出命令に従わないときは、裁判所は、当該文書の記載に関する相手方の主張を真実と認めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 224 (1) If a party does not comply with an order to submit a document, the court may find the adverse party's allegations concerning the details of said document to be true.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1025">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　当事者が相手方の使用を妨げる目的で提出の義務がある文書を滅失させ、その他これを使用することができないようにしたときも、前項と同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply if a party, for the purpose of preventing the adverse party from using it, has caused a document that there is an obligation to submit to be lost or otherwise unusable.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1026">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前二項に規定する場合において、相手方が、当該文書の記載に関して具体的な主張をすること及び当該文書により証明すべき事実を他の証拠により証明することが著しく困難であるときは、裁判所は、その事実に関する相手方の主張を真実と認めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) In the cases prescribed in the preceding two paragraphs, if it is extremely difficult for the adverse party to make specific allegations in connection with the details of said document and to prove, by other evidence, a fact that is to be proven by the document, the court may find that the adverse party's allegations concerning such fact are true.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1027">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（第三者が文書提出命令に従わない場合の過料）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Civil Fine for a Third Party's Non-Compliance with an Order to Submit a Document)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1028">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百二十五条　第三者が文書提出命令に従わないときは、裁判所は、決定で、二十万円以下の過料に処する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 225 (1) If a third party does not comply with an order to submit a document, the court issues a ruling sentencing the third party to a civil fine of not more than 200,000 yen.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1029">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1030">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（文書送付の嘱託）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Commissioning the Sending of a Document)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1031">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百二十六条　書証の申出は、第二百十九条の規定にかかわらず、文書の所持者にその文書の送付を嘱託することを申し立ててすることができる。ただし、当事者が法令により文書の正本又は謄本の交付を求めることができる場合は、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 226 Notwithstanding the provision of Article 219, documentary evidence may be offered by petitioning the court to commission the person in possession of the document to send the document; provided, however, that this does not apply if a party may request the issuance of an authenticated copy or transcript of the document pursuant to law or regulation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1032">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（文書の留置）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Retention of Documents)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1033">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百二十七条　裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、提出又は送付に係る文書を留め置くことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 227 If the court finds it necessary, it may retain a document submitted or sent thereto.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1034">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（文書の成立）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Provenance of Documents)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1035">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百二十八条　文書は、その成立が真正であることを証明しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 228 (1) A document shall be proven to be of authentic provenance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1036">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　文書は、その方式及び趣旨により公務員が職務上作成したものと認めるべきときは、真正に成立した公文書と推定する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a document is found, in light of its form and purport, to have been prepared by a public officer in the course of duties, it is presumed to be an official document of authentic provenance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1037">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　公文書の成立の真否について疑いがあるときは、裁判所は、職権で、当該官庁又は公署に照会をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If there is any doubt about the authenticity of an official document's provenance, the court may inquire of the said government agency or public office sua sponte.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1038">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　私文書は、本人又はその代理人の署名又は押印があるときは、真正に成立したものと推定する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) If a private document has been signed by, or bears the seal of, the principal or an agent, it is presumed to be of authentic provenance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1039">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第二項及び第三項の規定は、外国の官庁又は公署の作成に係るものと認めるべき文書について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) The provisions of paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to a document that is found to have been prepared by a foreign government agency or public office.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1040">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（筆跡等の対照による証明）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Proof by Comparison of Handwriting)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1041">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百二十九条　文書の成立の真否は、筆跡又は印影の対照によっても、証明することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 229 (1) The authenticity or inauthenticity of a document's provenance may be proven by a comparison of handwriting or seal impressions.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1042">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第二百十九条、第二百二十三条、第二百二十四条第一項及び第二項、第二百二十六条並びに第二百二十七条の規定は、対照の用に供すべき筆跡又は印影を備える文書その他の物件の提出又は送付について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 219; Article 223; Article 224, paragraphs (1) and (2); Article 226; and Article 227 apply mutatis mutandis to the submission or sending of a document or any other object that contains the handwriting or seal impression to be used for comparison.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1043">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　対照をするのに適当な相手方の筆跡がないときは、裁判所は、対照の用に供すべき文字の筆記を相手方に命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If there is no sample of the adverse party's handwriting which is suitable for comparison, the court may order the adverse party to write graphic symbols to be used for comparison.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1044">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　相手方が正当な理由なく前項の規定による決定に従わないときは、裁判所は、文書の成立の真否に関する挙証者の主張を真実と認めることができる。書体を変えて筆記したときも、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) If the adverse party fails to comply with the ruling as referred to in the provision of the preceding paragraph without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, the court may find the allegations of the party that offers evidence concerning the authenticity or inauthenticity of the document's provenance to be true. The same applies if the adverse party writes the graphic symbols in a style of handwriting that is different from the adverse party's own.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1045">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第三者が正当な理由なく第二項において準用する第二百二十三条第一項の規定による提出の命令に従わないときは、裁判所は、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) If a third party fails to comply with a ruling to submit under the provisions of Article 223, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, the court issues a ruling sentencing the third party to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1046">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>６　前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(6) An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1047">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（文書の成立の真正を争った者に対する過料）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Civil Fines Against a Party Challenging the Authenticity of a Document's Provenance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1048">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百三十条　当事者又はその代理人が故意又は重大な過失により真実に反して文書の成立の真正を争ったときは、裁判所は、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 230 (1) If a party or the agent thereof, intentionally or through gross negligence, is at variance with the truth in challenging the authenticity of a document's provenance, the court issues a ruling sentencing that person to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1049">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1050">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の場合において、文書の成立の真正を争った当事者又は代理人が訴訟の係属中その文書の成立が真正であることを認めたときは、裁判所は、事情により、同項の決定を取り消すことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) In the case as referred to in paragraph (1), if the party or agent that challenges the authenticity of a document's provenance admits, while litigation is pending, that the document is of authentic provenance the court may revoke the ruling as referred to in that paragraph, depending on the circumstances.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1051">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（文書に準ずる物件への準用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mutatis Mutandis Application to Objects Equivalent to Documents)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1052">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百三十一条　この節の規定は、図面、写真、録音テープ、ビデオテープその他の情報を表すために作成された物件で文書でないものについて準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 231 The provisions of this Section apply mutatis mutandis to drawings, photographs, audiotapes, videotapes, and any other objects prepared for the purpose of indicating information, other than documents.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1053">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六節　検証</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 6 Inspection of Evidence</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1054">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（検証の目的の提示等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Presentation of an Object for Inspection)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1055">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百三十二条　第二百十九条、第二百二十三条、第二百二十四条、第二百二十六条及び第二百二十七条の規定は、検証の目的の提示又は送付について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 232 (1) The provisions of Articles 219, 223, 224, 226, and 227 apply mutatis mutandis to the presentation or sending of an object for inspection.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1056">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第三者が正当な理由なく前項において準用する第二百二十三条第一項の規定による提示の命令に従わないときは、裁判所は、決定で、二十万円以下の過料に処する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a third party fails to comply with an order to submit under the provisions of Article 223, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, the court issues a ruling sentencing the third party to a civil fine of not more than 200,000 yen.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1057">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1058">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（検証の際の鑑定）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Expert Testimony During the Inspection of Evidence)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1059">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百三十三条　裁判所又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官は、検証をするに当たり、必要があると認めるときは、鑑定を命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 233 If the court or an authorized judge or a commissioned judge finds that it will be necessary in the inspection of evidence, the court or that judge may order expert testimony.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1060">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七節　証拠保全</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Section 7 Preservation of Evidence</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1061">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百三十四条　裁判所は、あらかじめ証拠調べをしておかなければその証拠を使用することが困難となる事情があると認めるときは、申立てにより、この章の規定に従い、証拠調べをすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 234 If the court finds circumstances to be such that, unless the examination of evidence is conducted in advance, it will be difficult to use the evidence, the court, upon petition, may conduct an examination of the evidence under the provisions of this Chapter.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1062">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（管轄裁判所等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Court of Jurisdiction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1063">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百三十五条　訴えの提起後における証拠保全の申立ては、その証拠を使用すべき審級の裁判所にしなければならない。ただし、最初の口頭弁論の期日が指定され、又は事件が弁論準備手続若しくは書面による準備手続に付された後口頭弁論の終結に至るまでの間は、受訴裁判所にしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 235 (1) A petition for the preservation of evidence that is filed after the filing of an action, shall be filed with the court of the instance in which the evidence is to be used; provided, however, that during the time from after the first date for oral arguments has been designated or from after the case is as referred to preparatory proceedings or written preparatory proceedings until oral arguments are concluded, such a petition shall be filed with the court in charge of the case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1064">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　訴えの提起前における証拠保全の申立ては、尋問を受けるべき者若しくは文書を所持する者の居所又は検証物の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所にしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A petition for the preservation of evidence that is filed before the filing of an action, shall be filed with the district court or summary court that has jurisdiction over the residence of the person to be examined or person in possession of the document in question or the location of the object to be inspected.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1065">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　急迫の事情がある場合には、訴えの提起後であっても、前項の地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所に証拠保全の申立てをすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If there are pressing circumstances, a petition for the preservation of evidence may be filed with the district court or summary court as referred to in the preceding paragraph, even after the filing of an action.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1066">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（相手方の指定ができない場合の取扱い）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Handling When the Adverse Party Cannot Be Designated)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1067">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百三十六条　証拠保全の申立ては、相手方を指定することができない場合においても、することができる。この場合においては、裁判所は、相手方となるべき者のために特別代理人を選任することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 236 A petition for the preservation of evidence may be filed even if the adverse party cannot be designated. In such a case, the court may appoint a special agent on behalf of the person that would be the adverse party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1068">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（職権による証拠保全）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Preservation of Evidence by the Court Sua Sponte)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1069">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百三十七条　裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、訴訟の係属中、職権で、証拠保全の決定をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 237 If the court finds it to be necessary, while litigation is pending, it may issue a ruling to preserve evidence sua sponte.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1070">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（不服申立ての不許）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Non-Permission of Appeal)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1071">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百三十八条　証拠保全の決定に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 238 No appeal may be entered against a ruling to preserve evidence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1072">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（受命裁判官による証拠調べ）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Examination of Evidence by an Authorized Judge)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1073">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百三十九条　第二百三十五条第一項ただし書の場合には、裁判所は、受命裁判官に証拠調べをさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 239 In the case as referred to in the proviso to Article 235, paragraph (1), the court may have an authorized judge examine evidence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1074">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（期日の呼出し）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Summons to a Court Date)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1075">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百四十条　証拠調べの期日には、申立人及び相手方を呼び出さなければならない。ただし、急速を要する場合は、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 240 The petitioner and the adverse party shall be summoned to appear on a date for examination of evidence; provided, however, that this does not apply in a case requiring urgency.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1076">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証拠保全の費用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Expenses for the Preservation of Evidence)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1077">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百四十一条　証拠保全に関する費用は、訴訟費用の一部とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 241 Expenses for the preservation of evidence constitute part of the court costs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1078">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論における再尋問）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Re-Examination During Oral Arguments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1079">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百四十二条　証拠保全の手続において尋問をした証人について、当事者が口頭弁論における尋問の申出をしたときは、裁判所は、その尋問をしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 242 If a party has requested that a witness who was examined during proceedings for the preservation of evidence be examined during oral arguments, the court shall examine the witness.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1080">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五章　判決</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter V Judgment</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1081">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百四十三条　裁判所は、訴訟が裁判をするのに熟したときは、終局判決をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 243 (1) When litigation has been sufficiently developed to allow the court to reach a judicial decision, the court enters a final judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1082">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、訴訟の一部が裁判をするのに熟したときは、その一部について終局判決をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a part of litigation has been sufficiently developed to allow the court to reach a judicial decision, the court may enter a final judgment with regard to that part.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1083">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の規定は、口頭弁論の併合を命じた数個の訴訟中その一が裁判をするのに熟した場合及び本訴又は反訴が裁判をするのに熟した場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provision of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if one of the several pieces of litigation for which the consolidation of oral arguments has been ordered, has been sufficiently developed to allow a judicial decision to be reached, or if the principal action or counterclaim has been sufficiently developed to allow a judicial decision to be reached.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1084">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百四十四条　裁判所は、当事者の双方又は一方が口頭弁論の期日に出頭せず、又は弁論をしないで退廷をした場合において、審理の現状及び当事者の訴訟追行の状況を考慮して相当と認めるときは、終局判決をすることができる。ただし、当事者の一方が口頭弁論の期日に出頭せず、又は弁論をしないで退廷をした場合には、出頭した相手方の申出があるときに限る。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 244 If one or both parties fails to appear or leaves court without presenting oral arguments on a date for oral arguments, and the court finds it to be appropriate in consideration of the current status of the trial and the status of each party's conduct of the litigation, it may reach a final judgment; provided, however, that if one of the parties fails to appear or leaves court without presenting an oral argument on a date for oral arguments, this applies only at the request of the adverse party who appeared on that date.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1085">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百四十五条　裁判所は、独立した攻撃又は防御の方法その他中間の争いについて、裁判をするのに熟したときは、中間判決をすることができる。請求の原因及び数額について争いがある場合におけるその原因についても、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 245 If an independent allegation or piece of evidence or any other interlocutory dispute has been sufficiently developed for the court to reach a judicial decision on it, the court may enter an interlocutory judgment. The same applies with regard to the statement of the claims if the statement of the claims or the number or amount concerned is in dispute.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1086">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百四十六条　裁判所は、当事者が申し立てていない事項について、判決をすることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 246 The court may not reach a judgment on any matter not raised by the parties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1087">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（自由心証主義）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Principle of the Freedom of Personal Conviction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1088">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百四十七条　裁判所は、判決をするに当たり、口頭弁論の全趣旨及び証拠調べの結果をしん酌して、自由な心証により、事実についての主張を真実と認めるべきか否かを判断する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 247 In reaching a judgment, the court decides whether to find allegations of fact to be true based on its freedom of personal conviction, in light of the entire import of oral arguments and the results of the examination of evidence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1089">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（損害額の認定）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Finding the Amount of Damage)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1090">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百四十八条　損害が生じたことが認められる場合において、損害の性質上その額を立証することが極めて困難であるときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論の全趣旨及び証拠調べの結果に基づき、相当な損害額を認定することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 248 If damage is found to have occurred, but, due to the nature of the damage, it is extremely difficult to prove the amount of damage that occurred, the court may reach a finding on the amount of damage that is reasonable, based on the entire import of oral arguments and the results of the examination of evidence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1091">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百四十九条　判決は、その基本となる口頭弁論に関与した裁判官がする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 249 (1) Judgment is rendered by a judge who has participated in the oral arguments that form the basis for that judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1092">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判官が代わった場合には、当事者は、従前の口頭弁論の結果を陳述しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a judge has been replaced, the parties shall state the results of prior oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1093">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　単独の裁判官が代わった場合又は合議体の裁判官の過半数が代わった場合において、その前に尋問をした証人について、当事者が更に尋問の申出をしたときは、裁判所は、その尋問をしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If a single, independent judge or the majority of a panel of judges has been replaced and a party requests that a witness who was examined before the replacement be examined again, the court shall examine the witness.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1094">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（判決の発効）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Entry Into Force of a Judgment)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1095">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百五十条　判決は、言渡しによってその効力を生ずる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 250 A judgment enters into force when it is rendered.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1096">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百五十一条　判決の言渡しは、口頭弁論の終結の日から二月以内にしなければならない。ただし、事件が複雑であるときその他特別の事情があるときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 251 (1) The court shall render a judgment within two months of the date on which oral arguments conclude; provided, however, that this does not apply if the case is complex or there are any other special circumstances.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1097">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　判決の言渡しは、当事者が在廷しない場合においても、することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The court may render a judgment even if the parties are not present in court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1098">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（言渡しの方式）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Form of Rendition)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1099">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百五十二条　判決の言渡しは、判決書の原本に基づいてする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 252 The court renders its judgment based on the original judgment document.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1100">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百五十三条　判決書には、次に掲げる事項を記載しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 253 (1) The following particulars shall be entered in a judgment document:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1101">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　主文</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the main text of the judgment;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1102">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　事実</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) the facts;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1103">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　理由</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) the grounds;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1104">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　口頭弁論の終結の日</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) the date of conclusion of oral arguments;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1105">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>五　当事者及び法定代理人</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(v) the parties and statutory agents;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1106">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>六　裁判所</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(vi) the court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1107">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　事実の記載においては、請求を明らかにし、かつ、主文が正当であることを示すのに必要な主張を摘示しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In entering the facts, the court shall clarify the claim and indicate the necessary allegations for showing that the main text is justified.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1108">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（言渡しの方式の特則）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Special Provisions on the Form of Rendition)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1109">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百五十四条　次に掲げる場合において、原告の請求を認容するときは、判決の言渡しは、第二百五十二条の規定にかかわらず、判決書の原本に基づかないですることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 254 (1) Notwithstanding the provision of Article 252, in the following cases, if the court upholds the plaintiff's claim, it may render a judgment that is not based on the original judgment document:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1110">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　被告が口頭弁論において原告の主張した事実を争わず、その他何らの防御の方法をも提出しない場合</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) if the defendant does not deny the facts alleged by the plaintiff in oral arguments or does not advance any allegations or evidence;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1111">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　被告が公示送達による呼出しを受けたにもかかわらず口頭弁論の期日に出頭しない場合（被告の提出した準備書面が口頭弁論において陳述されたものとみなされた場合を除く。）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) if the defendant, despite being summoned through service by publication, does not appear on a date for oral arguments (unless a brief submitted by the defendant is deemed to be the defendant's statement in oral arguments).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1112">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定により判決の言渡しをしたときは、裁判所は、判決書の作成に代えて、裁判所書記官に、当事者及び法定代理人、主文、請求並びに理由の要旨を、判決の言渡しをした口頭弁論期日の調書に記載させなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the court has rendered a judgment pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, in lieu of preparing a judgment document, the court shall have the court clerk enter the parties and statutory agents, the main text, the claims, and the gist of the grounds, in the record for the date for oral arguments on which the judgment is rendered.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1113">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（判決書等の送達）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Service of Judgment Documents)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1114">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百五十五条　判決書又は前条第二項の調書は、当事者に送達しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 255 (1) A judgment document or a record as referred to in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article shall be served on the parties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1115">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項に規定する送達は、判決書の正本又は前条第二項の調書の謄本によってする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Service prescribed in the preceding paragraph is effected using an authenticated copy of the judgment document or a transcript of the record as referred to in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1116">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（変更の判決）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Judgment for Modification)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1117">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百五十六条　裁判所は、判決に法令の違反があることを発見したときは、その言渡し後一週間以内に限り、変更の判決をすることができる。ただし、判決が確定したとき、又は判決を変更するため事件につき更に弁論をする必要があるときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 256 (1) If the court finds a violation of law or regulation in a judgment, it may reach a judgment to modify it, but only within one week after the judgment's rendition; provided, however, that this does not apply if the judgment has become final and binding or additional oral arguments in the case are necessary in order to modify the judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1118">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　変更の判決は、口頭弁論を経ないでする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A judgment for modification is reached without oral arguments being heard.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1119">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の判決の言渡期日の呼出しにおいては、公示送達による場合を除き、送達をすべき場所にあてて呼出状を発した時に、送達があったものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Unless a summons to appear on the date for the rendition of the judgment as referred to in the preceding paragraph is served by publication, service is deemed to have been effected at the time that the writ of summons is sent to the place where service is to be effected.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1120">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百五十七条　判決に計算違い、誤記その他これらに類する明白な誤りがあるときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、いつでも更正決定をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 257 (1) If there is a miscalculation, clerical error, or any other clear error similar to this in a judgment, the court may issue a corrective ruling at any time, upon petition or sua sponte.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1121">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　更正決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。ただし、判決に対し適法な控訴があったときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An immediate appeal may be filed against a corrective ruling; provided, however, that this does not apply if a lawful appeal to the court of second instance is filed against the judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1122">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（裁判の脱漏）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Omission in a Judicial Decision)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1123">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百五十八条　裁判所が請求の一部について裁判を脱漏したときは、訴訟は、その請求の部分については、なおその裁判所に係属する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 258 (1) If the court omits to address part of a claim in a judicial decision, litigation remains pending before that court with regard to such part of the claim.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1124">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　訴訟費用の負担の裁判を脱漏したときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、その訴訟費用の負担について、決定で、裁判をする。この場合においては、第六十一条から第六十六条までの規定を準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If there has been an omission in a judicial decision with regard to the burden of court costs, the court reaches a judicial decision on the burden of court costs in the form of a ruling, upon petition or sua sponte. In such a case, the provisions of Articles 61 to 66 apply mutatis mutandis.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1125">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1126">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第二項の規定による訴訟費用の負担の裁判は、本案判決に対し適法な控訴があったときは、その効力を失う。この場合においては、控訴裁判所は、訴訟の総費用について、その負担の裁判をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) A judicial decision on the burden of court costs under the provisions of paragraph (2) ceases to be effective if a lawful appeal to the court of second instance is filed against a judgment on the merits. In such a case, the court of second instance reaches a judicial decision on the burden of the total costs of the litigation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1127">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（仮執行の宣言）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Declaration of Provisional Execution)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1128">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百五十九条　財産権上の請求に関する判決については、裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、担保を立てて、又は立てないで仮執行をすることができることを宣言することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 259 (1) In a judgment involving a claim on a property right, if the court finds it to be necessary, it may declare, upon petition or sua sponte, that a provisional execution may be effected if security is provided or that a provisional execution may be effected without security being provided.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1129">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　手形又は小切手による金銭の支払の請求及びこれに附帯する法定利率による損害賠償の請求に関する判決については、裁判所は、職権で、担保を立てないで仮執行をすることができることを宣言しなければならない。ただし、裁判所が相当と認めるときは、仮執行を担保を立てることに係らしめることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) With regard to a judgment on a claim for the payment of money for a bill, note, or check and an incidental claim for damages at the statutory interest rate, the court shall issue a sua sponte declaration that a provisional execution may be effected without security being provided; provided, however, that if the court finds it to be appropriate, it may require the provision of security for a provisional execution.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1130">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、担保を立てて仮執行を免れることができることを宣言することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The court, upon petition or sua sponte, may declare that it is possible to avoid a provisional execution by providing security.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1131">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　仮執行の宣言は、判決の主文に掲げなければならない。前項の規定による宣言についても、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) Any declaration of provisional execution shall be set forth in the main text of the judgment. The same applies to any declaration under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1132">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　仮執行の宣言の申立てについて裁判をしなかったとき、又は職権で仮執行の宣言をすべき場合においてこれをしなかったときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、補充の決定をする。第三項の申立てについて裁判をしなかったときも、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) If the court has not reached a judicial decision on a petition for a declaration of provisional execution or has not issued a declaration of provisional execution that it should have issued sua sponte, it issues a supplemental ruling upon petition or sua sponte. The same applies if the court has not reached a judicial decision on the petition as referred to in paragraph (3).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1133">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>６　第七十六条、第七十七条、第七十九条及び第八十条の規定は、第一項から第三項までの担保について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(6) The provisions of Articles 76, 77, 79 and 80 apply mutatis mutandis to security as referred to in paragraphs (1) to (3).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1134">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（仮執行の宣言の失効及び原状回復等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Loss of Effect of a Declaration of Provisional Execution and Restoration)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1135">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百六十条　仮執行の宣言は、その宣言又は本案判決を変更する判決の言渡しにより、変更の限度においてその効力を失う。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 260 (1) A declaration of provisional execution ceases to be valid to the extent of any modification, if a judgment is rendered modifying the declaration or the judgment on the merits.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1136">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　本案判決を変更する場合には、裁判所は、被告の申立てにより、その判決において、仮執行の宣言に基づき被告が給付したものの返還及び仮執行により又はこれを免れるために被告が受けた損害の賠償を原告に命じなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) When modifying a judgment on the merits, at the petition of the defendant, the court shall order the plaintiff to return what the defendant delivered based on a declaration of provisional execution, and to compensate for any damage the defendant has suffered due to a provisional execution or in order to avoid it, in its judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1137">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　仮執行の宣言のみを変更したときは、後に本案判決を変更する判決について、前項の規定を適用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If only a declaration of provisional execution is modified, the provision of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to a later judgment modifying a judgment on the merits.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1138">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六章　裁判によらない訴訟の完結</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter VI Conclusion of Litigation Other Than by Judicial Decision</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1139">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴えの取下げ）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Withdrawal of an Action)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1140">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百六十一条　訴えは、判決が確定するまで、その全部又は一部を取り下げることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 261 (1) An action may be withdrawn in whole or in part before a judgment becomes final and binding.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1141">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　訴えの取下げは、相手方が本案について準備書面を提出し、弁論準備手続において申述をし、又は口頭弁論をした後にあっては、相手方の同意を得なければ、その効力を生じない。ただし、本訴の取下げがあった場合における反訴の取下げについては、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The withdrawal of an action after the adverse party has submitted a brief, entered a statement in preparatory proceedings, or conducted oral arguments on the merits, is invalid without the consent of the adverse party; provided, however, that this does not apply to the withdrawal of a counterclaim if the principal action is withdrawn.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1142">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　訴えの取下げは、書面でしなければならない。ただし、口頭弁論、弁論準備手続又は和解の期日（以下この章において「口頭弁論等の期日」という。）においては、口頭ですることを妨げない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The withdrawal of an action shall be effected by means of a paper document; provided, however, that this does not preclude the oral withdrawal of an action on a date for oral arguments, preparatory proceedings, or settlement (hereinafter referred to as the "date for oral arguments, etc." in this Chapter).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1143">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第二項本文の場合において、訴えの取下げが書面でされたときはその書面を、訴えの取下げが口頭弁論等の期日において口頭でされたとき（相手方がその期日に出頭したときを除く。）はその期日の調書の謄本を相手方に送達しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) In the case as referred to in the main clause of paragraph (2), if an action is withdrawn in writing, the written withdrawal shall be served on the adverse party, and if it is withdrawn orally on a date for oral arguments, etc. (unless the adverse party has appeared on that date), a transcript of the record for that date shall be served on the adverse party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1144">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　訴えの取下げの書面の送達を受けた日から二週間以内に相手方が異議を述べないときは、訴えの取下げに同意したものとみなす。訴えの取下げが口頭弁論等の期日において口頭でされた場合において、相手方がその期日に出頭したときは訴えの取下げがあった日から、相手方がその期日に出頭しなかったときは前項の謄本の送達があった日から二週間以内に相手方が異議を述べないときも、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) If the adverse party does not state an objection within two weeks from the day on which that party is served with the written withdrawal of an action, the adverse party is deemed to have consented to the withdrawal of the action. The same applies if an action is withdrawn orally on a date for oral arguments, etc. and the adverse party does not state an objection within two weeks from the day on which the action is withdrawn, if the adverse party appears on that date; or within two weeks from the day on which the transcript as referred to in the preceding paragraph is served, if the adverse party does not appear on that date.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1145">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴えの取下げの効果）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Result of the Withdrawal of an Action)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1146">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百六十二条　訴訟は、訴えの取下げがあった部分については、初めから係属していなかったものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 262 (1) The part of litigation for which an action is withdrawn is deemed to have never been pending before the court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1147">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　本案について終局判決があった後に訴えを取り下げた者は、同一の訴えを提起することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A person that withdraws an action after a final judgment on the merits has been reached may not file the same action.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1148">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴えの取下げの擬制）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Constructive Withdrawal of an Action)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1149">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百六十三条　当事者双方が、口頭弁論若しくは弁論準備手続の期日に出頭せず、又は弁論若しくは弁論準備手続における申述をしないで退廷若しくは退席をした場合において、一月以内に期日指定の申立てをしないときは、訴えの取下げがあったものとみなす。当事者双方が、連続して二回、口頭弁論若しくは弁論準備手続の期日に出頭せず、又は弁論若しくは弁論準備手続における申述をしないで退廷若しくは退席をしたときも、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 263 If neither party appears on a date for oral arguments or preparatory proceedings or presents any oral arguments or enters any statements in preparatory proceedings before leaving the court or leaving their seats, and neither party files a petition for the designation of a court date within one month, the action is deemed to have been withdrawn. The same applies if, on two consecutive occasions, neither party appears on a date for oral arguments or preparatory proceedings or presents any oral arguments or enters any statements in preparatory proceedings before leaving the court or leaving their seats.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1150">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（和解条項案の書面による受諾）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Written Acceptance of Proposed Terms of Settlement)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1151">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百六十四条　当事者が遠隔の地に居住していることその他の事由により出頭することが困難であると認められる場合において、その当事者があらかじめ裁判所又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官から提示された和解条項案を受諾する旨の書面を提出し、他の当事者が口頭弁論等の期日に出頭してその和解条項案を受諾したときは、当事者間に和解が調ったものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 264 When it has been found difficult for a party to appear due to the party's residing in a distant location or any other circumstances, if the party submits a paper document indicating acceptance of the proposed terms of settlement presented in advance by the court or by an authorized judge or a commissioned judge, and the other party appears on a date for oral arguments, etc. and accepts the proposed terms of settlement, a settlement is deemed to have been reached between the parties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1152">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（裁判所等が定める和解条項）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Terms of Settlement Set by the Court)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1153">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百六十五条　裁判所又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官は、当事者の共同の申立てがあるときは、事件の解決のために適当な和解条項を定めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 265 (1) At the joint petition of the parties, the court or an authorized judge or a commissioned judge may set the appropriate terms of settlement for resolving the case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1154">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の申立ては、書面でしなければならない。この場合においては、その書面に同項の和解条項に服する旨を記載しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The parties shall file the petition as referred to in the preceding paragraph by means of a paper document. To do so, they shall indicate in that paper document that they will abide by the terms of settlement as referred to in that paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1155">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の規定による和解条項の定めは、口頭弁論等の期日における告知その他相当と認める方法による告知によってする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The terms of settlement under the provision of paragraph (1) are set by announcement on a date for oral arguments, etc. or otherwise by their announcement through a means that is found to be appropriate.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1156">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　当事者は、前項の告知前に限り、第一項の申立てを取り下げることができる。この場合においては、相手方の同意を得ることを要しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) A party may withdraw the petition as referred to in paragraph (1) only prior to the announcement as referred to in the preceding paragraph. To do so, the party is not required to obtain consent from the adverse party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1157">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第三項の告知が当事者双方にされたときは、当事者間に和解が調ったものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) When the announcement as referred to in paragraph (3) has been made to both parties, the parties are deemed to have reached a settlement.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1158">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（請求の放棄又は認諾）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Waiver or Acknowledgment of a Claim)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1159">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百六十六条　請求の放棄又は認諾は、口頭弁論等の期日においてする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 266 (1) A waiver or acknowledgement of a claim is made on a date for oral arguments, etc.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1160">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　請求の放棄又は認諾をする旨の書面を提出した当事者が口頭弁論等の期日に出頭しないときは、裁判所又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官は、その旨の陳述をしたものとみなすことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a party who has submitted a paper document waiving or acknowledging a claim does not appear on a date for oral arguments, etc., the court or an authorized judge or a commissioned judge may deem the party to have entered a statement to that effect.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1161">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（和解調書等の効力）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Effect of a Record of Settlement)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1162">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百六十七条　和解又は請求の放棄若しくは認諾を調書に記載したときは、その記載は、確定判決と同一の効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 267 When a settlement or a waiver or an acknowledgement of a claim is entered in the record, that entry has the same effect as a final and binding judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1163">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七章　大規模訴訟等に関する特則</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter VII Special Provisions on Large-Scale Litigation</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1164">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（大規模訴訟に係る事件における受命裁判官による証人等の尋問）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Examination of Witnesses by an Authorized Judge in a Case Involving Large-Scale Litigation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1165">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百六十八条　裁判所は、大規模訴訟（当事者が著しく多数で、かつ、尋問すべき証人又は当事者本人が著しく多数である訴訟をいう。）に係る事件について、当事者に異議がないときは、受命裁判官に裁判所内で証人又は当事者本人の尋問をさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 268 In a case involving large-scale litigation (meaning litigation in which a significantly large number of parties are involved and a significantly large number of witnesses or parties themselves are to be examined), the court may have an authorized judge examine witnesses or the parties themselves inside the court, if no objection is made by the parties.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1166">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（大規模訴訟に係る事件における合議体の構成）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Composition of the Panel in a Case Involving Large-Scale Litigation)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1167">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百六十九条　地方裁判所においては、前条に規定する事件について、五人の裁判官の合議体で審理及び裁判をする旨の決定をその合議体ですることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 269 (1) In district court, a panel of five judges may rule that it will conduct a trial and reach a judicial decision on a case prescribed in the preceding Article.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1168">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の場合には、判事補は、同時に三人以上合議体に加わり、又は裁判長となることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, the panel may not contain three or more assistant judges at any one time, and no assistant judge may serve as presiding judge.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1169">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（特許権等に関する訴えに係る事件における合議体の構成）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Composition of the Panel for a Case in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc.)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1170">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百六十九条の二　第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所においては、特許権等に関する訴えに係る事件について、五人の裁判官の合議体で審理及び裁判をする旨の決定をその合議体ですることができる。ただし、第二十条の二第一項の規定により移送された訴訟に係る事件については、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 269-2 (1) In the courts specified in each item of Article 6, paragraph (1), a panel of five judges may rule that it will conduct a trial and reach a judicial decision on a case in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc.; provided, however, that this does not apply to a case involving litigation that has been transferred pursuant to the provision of Article 20-2, paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1171">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前条第二項の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provision of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article applies mutatis mutandis to the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1172">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八章　簡易裁判所の訴訟手続に関する特則</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter VIII Special Provisions on Litigation Proceedings in Summary Court</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1173">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（手続の特色）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Characteristics of Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1174">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百七十条　簡易裁判所においては、簡易な手続により迅速に紛争を解決するものとする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 270 In summary court, disputes are to be resolved promptly through simplified proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1175">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭による訴えの提起）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Oral Filing of an Action)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1176">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百七十一条　訴えは、口頭で提起することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 271 An action may be filed orally.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1177">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴えの提起において明らかにすべき事項）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Matters That Must Be Clarified in the Filing of an Action)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1178">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百七十二条　訴えの提起においては、請求の原因に代えて、紛争の要点を明らかにすれば足りる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 272 In filing of an action, it is sufficient to clarify the main points of the dispute, in lieu of providing a statement of the claims.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1179">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（任意の出頭による訴えの提起等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Filing of an Action through Voluntary Appearance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1180">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百七十三条　当事者双方は、任意に裁判所に出頭し、訴訟について口頭弁論をすることができる。この場合においては、訴えの提起は、口頭の陳述によってする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 273 It is permitted for both parties to voluntarily appear before the court and conduct oral arguments involving their litigation. To do so, the action is filed through an oral statement.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1181">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（反訴の提起に基づく移送）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Transfer Based on the Filing of a Counterclaim)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1182">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百七十四条　被告が反訴で地方裁判所の管轄に属する請求をした場合において、相手方の申立てがあるときは、簡易裁判所は、決定で、本訴及び反訴を地方裁判所に移送しなければならない。この場合においては、第二十二条の規定を準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 274 (1) If the defendant makes a claim in a counterclaim that is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court, the summary court, at the petition of the adverse party, shall transfer the principal action and counterclaim to the district court in the form of a ruling. In such a case, the provisions of Article 22 apply mutatis mutandis.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1183">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の決定に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) No appeal may be entered against the ruling set forth in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1184">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴え提起前の和解）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Settlement Prior to the Filing of an Action)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1185">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百七十五条　民事上の争いについては、当事者は、請求の趣旨及び原因並びに争いの実情を表示して、相手方の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する簡易裁判所に和解の申立てをすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 275 (1) In a civil dispute, a party may file a petition for settlement with the summary court of jurisdiction in the locality that constitutes the general venue for an action involving the adverse party, indicating the object of the claim and providing a statement of the claims, as well as indicating the actual circumstances of the dispute.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1186">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の和解が調わない場合において、和解の期日に出頭した当事者双方の申立てがあるときは、裁判所は、直ちに訴訟の弁論を命ずる。この場合においては、和解の申立てをした者は、その申立てをした時に、訴えを提起したものとみなし、和解の費用は、訴訟費用の一部とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the settlement as referred to in the preceding paragraph cannot be reached, the court, at the petition of both parties who have appeared on a date for settlement, immediately orders the parties to present oral arguments in litigation. In such a case, the party who has filed the petition for settlement is deemed to have filed an action at the time that party filed that petition, and settlement costs become a part of the court costs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1187">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　申立人又は相手方が第一項の和解の期日に出頭しないときは、裁判所は、和解が調わないものとみなすことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If the petitioner or the adverse party does not appear on the date for settlement as referred to in paragraph (1), the court may deem that no settlement can be reached.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1188">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第一項の和解については、第二百六十四条及び第二百六十五条の規定は、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) The provisions of Articles 264 and 265 do not apply to the settlement as referred to in paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1189">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（和解に代わる決定）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Ruling in Lieu of Settlement)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1190">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百七十五条の二　金銭の支払の請求を目的とする訴えについては、裁判所は、被告が口頭弁論において原告の主張した事実を争わず、その他何らの防御の方法をも提出しない場合において、被告の資力その他の事情を考慮して相当であると認めるときは、原告の意見を聴いて、第三項の期間の経過時から五年を超えない範囲内において、当該請求に係る金銭の支払について、その時期の定め若しくは分割払の定めをし、又はこれと併せて、その時期の定めに従い支払をしたとき、若しくはその分割払の定めによる期限の利益を次項の規定による定めにより失うことなく支払をしたときは訴え提起後の遅延損害金の支払義務を免除する旨の定めをして、当該請求に係る金銭の支払を命ずる決定をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 275-2 (1) In an action whose subject matter is a claim for the payment of money, if the defendant does not deny the facts alleged by the plaintiff in oral arguments or does not advance any allegations or evidence, and the court finds it to be appropriate in consideration of the defendant's financial resources and any other circumstances, after hearing the opinion of the plaintiff, the court may issue a ruling ordering the defendant to pay the money under that claim, stipulating the time frame for payment of the money under the claim or stipulating installment payments for the payment of such money, both of which shall be within five years from the expiration of the time frame set forth in paragraph (3), and may simultaneously stipulate that if the defendant pays in accordance with the stipulations on that time frame or pays without losing, pursuant to the stipulations provided for in the following paragraph, the benefit of time from the stipulation of installment payments, the defendant will be exempted from the obligation to pay any default charges that accrued after the filing of the action.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1191">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の分割払の定めをするときは、被告が支払を怠った場合における期限の利益の喪失についての定めをしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the court establishes the stipulation on installment payments as referred to in the preceding paragraph, it shall establish a stipulation on the forfeiture of the benefit of time in the event of the defendant's failure to pay.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1192">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の決定に対しては、当事者は、その決定の告知を受けた日から二週間の不変期間内に、その決定をした裁判所に異議を申し立てることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) A party may file an objection against a ruling as referred to in paragraph (1) with the court that has issued that ruling, within an inalterable time frame of two weeks from the day on which the party receives notice of that ruling.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1193">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　前項の期間内に異議の申立てがあったときは、第一項の決定は、その効力を失う。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) If an objection is filed within the time frame as referred to in the preceding paragraph, the ruling as referred to in paragraph (1) ceases to be effective.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1194">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第三項の期間内に異議の申立てがないときは、第一項の決定は、裁判上の和解と同一の効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) If no objection is filed within the time frame as referred to in paragraph (3), the ruling as referred to in paragraph (1) has the same effect as a judicial settlement.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1195">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（準備書面の省略等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Omission of Briefs)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1196">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百七十六条　口頭弁論は、書面で準備することを要しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 276 (1) Oral arguments are not required to be prepared in writing.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1197">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　相手方が準備をしなければ陳述をすることができないと認めるべき事項は、前項の規定にかかわらず、書面で準備し、又は口頭弁論前直接に相手方に通知しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Notwithstanding the provision of the preceding paragraph, written preparations shall be made or the adverse party shall be given direct notice prior to oral arguments with regard to any matter for which it would be found that the adverse party is unable to enter a statement without preparation.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1198">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項に規定する事項は、相手方が在廷していない口頭弁論においては、準備書面（相手方に送達されたもの又は相手方からその準備書面を受領した旨を記載した書面が提出されたものに限る。）に記載し、又は同項の規定による通知をしたものでなければ、主張することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) During oral arguments for which the adverse party is not present in court, no matter prescribed in the preceding paragraph may be alleged other than what is stated in a brief (limited to one served upon the adverse party or one whose receipt the adverse party has indicated in a paper document submitted thereby) or conveyed in the notice under the provision of that paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1199">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（続行期日における陳述の擬制）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Constructive Statements on Further Dates)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1200">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百七十七条　第百五十八条の規定は、原告又は被告が口頭弁論の続行の期日に出頭せず、又は出頭したが本案の弁論をしない場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 277 The provision of Article 158 applies mutatis mutandis if the plaintiff or the defendant does not appear on a further date for oral arguments or appears on that date but does not present any oral arguments on the merits.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1201">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（尋問等に代わる書面の提出）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Submission of Documents in Lieu of Examination)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1202">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百七十八条　裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、証人若しくは当事者本人の尋問又は鑑定人の意見の陳述に代え、書面の提出をさせることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 278 If the court finds it to be appropriate, it may allow the submission of a paper document in lieu of examining a witness or one of the parties themselves or instead of having an expert state an opinion.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1203">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百七十九条　裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、和解を試みるについて司法委員に補助をさせ、又は司法委員を審理に立ち会わせて事件につきその意見を聴くことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 279 (1) If the court finds it to be necessary, it may have a judicial commissioner assist in the attempt to arrange a settlement or have a judicial commissioner attend the trial so that it may hear the commissioner's opinion on the case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1204">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　司法委員の員数は、各事件について一人以上とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The number of judicial commissioners is one or more for each case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1205">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　司法委員は、毎年あらかじめ地方裁判所の選任した者の中から、事件ごとに裁判所が指定する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) A judicial commissioner is designated by the court for each case, from among persons appointed in advance by the district court each year.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1206">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　前項の規定により選任される者の資格、員数その他同項の選任に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) The status of persons appointed pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, their number, and particulars that are otherwise necessary in connection with the appointment as referred to in that paragraph are specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1207">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　司法委員には、最高裁判所規則で定める額の旅費、日当及び宿泊料を支給する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) A judicial commissioner is paid travel expenses, a daily allowance, and lodging expenses in the amounts specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1208">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（判決書の記載事項）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Particulars That Must Be Entered in Judgment Documents)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1209">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百八十条　判決書に事実及び理由を記載するには、請求の趣旨及び原因の要旨、その原因の有無並びに請求を排斥する理由である抗弁の要旨を表示すれば足りる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 280 In entering facts and reasons in a judgment document, it is sufficient to indicate the important points of the object of the claim and of the statement of the claims, the existence or nonexistence of cause, and the important points of any defense which is the grounds for rejecting the claim.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1210">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三編　上訴</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part III Appeals</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1211">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一章　控訴</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter I Appeals to the Court of Second Instance</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1212">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（控訴をすることができる判決等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Judgments That Are Appealable to the Court of Second Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1213">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百八十一条　控訴は、地方裁判所が第一審としてした終局判決又は簡易裁判所の終局判決に対してすることができる。ただし、終局判決後、当事者双方が共に上告をする権利を留保して控訴をしない旨の合意をしたときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 281 (1) An appeal to the court of second instance may be filed against a final judgment that a district court has entered as the court of first instance, or against a final judgment entered by a summary court; provided, however, that this does not apply if, after the final judgment is entered, both parties agree not to appeal to the court of second instance, though reserving the right to file a final appeal.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1214">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第十一条第二項及び第三項の規定は、前項の合意について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 11, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the agreement as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1215">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴訟費用の負担の裁判に対する控訴の制限）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Restriction on Filing Appeals to the Court of Second Instance Against Judicial Decisions on the Burden of Court Costs)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1216">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百八十二条　訴訟費用の負担の裁判に対しては、独立して控訴をすることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 282 No appeal to the court of second instance may be filed against a judicial decision on the burden of court costs alone.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1217">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（控訴裁判所の判断を受ける裁判）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Judicial Decisions Subject to Judgment by the Court of Second Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1218">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百八十三条　終局判決前の裁判は、控訴裁判所の判断を受ける。ただし、不服を申し立てることができない裁判及び抗告により不服を申し立てることができる裁判は、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 283 Any judicial decision reached prior to a final judgment is subject to the judgment of the court of second instance; provided, however, that this does not apply to a judicial decision against which no appeal may be filed, nor to a judicial decision against which an appeal may be filed in the form of an appeal against a ruling.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1219">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（控訴権の放棄）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Waiver of the Right to Appeal to the Court of Second Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1220">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百八十四条　控訴をする権利は、放棄することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 284 The right to appeal to the court of second instance may be waived.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1221">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百八十五条　控訴は、判決書又は第二百五十四条第二項の調書の送達を受けた日から二週間の不変期間内に提起しなければならない。ただし、その期間前に提起した控訴の効力を妨げない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 285 An appeal to the court of second instance shall be filed within an inalterable time frame of two weeks from the day on which the written judgment document or record as referred to in Article 254, paragraph (2) is served; provided, however, that this does not preclude the validity of an appeal to the court of second instance filed prior to that time frame.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1222">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（控訴提起の方式）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Formalities for Filing Appeals to the Court of Second Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1223">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百八十六条　控訴の提起は、控訴状を第一審裁判所に提出してしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 286 (1) An appeal to the court of second instance shall be filed through the submission of a petition for appeal to the court of first instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1224">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　控訴状には、次に掲げる事項を記載しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The following particulars shall be entered in a petition for appeal:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1225">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　当事者及び法定代理人</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the parties and statutory agents;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1226">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　第一審判決の表示及びその判決に対して控訴をする旨</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) an identification of the judgment in the first instance and an indication that this is the judgment against which the appeal is being filed.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1227">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（第一審裁判所による控訴の却下）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of Appeals Without Prejudice by the Court of First Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1228">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百八十七条　控訴が不適法でその不備を補正することができないことが明らかであるときは、第一審裁判所は、決定で、控訴を却下しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 287 (1) If an appeal to the court of second instance is not in accordance with the law and this defect clearly cannot be corrected, the court of first instance shall rule to dismiss the appeal without prejudice, in the form of a ruling.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1229">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1230">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（裁判長の控訴状審査権）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Presiding Judge's Authority to Examine a Petition for Appeal)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1231">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百八十八条　第百三十七条の規定は、控訴状が第二百八十六条第二項の規定に違反する場合及び民事訴訟費用等に関する法律の規定に従い控訴の提起の手数料を納付しない場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 288 The provisions of Article 137 apply mutatis mutandis if a petition for appeal to the court of second instance is in violation of Article 286, paragraph (2) or if the fees for filing an appeal to the court of second instance, in accordance with the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Procedure, have not been paid.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1232">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（控訴状の送達）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Service of a Petition for Appeal)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1233">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百八十九条　控訴状は、被控訴人に送達しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 289 (1) A petition for appeal shall be served upon the appellee.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1234">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第百三十七条の規定は、控訴状の送達をすることができない場合（控訴状の送達に必要な費用を予納しない場合を含む。）について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 137 apply mutatis mutandis if it is impossible to serve a petition for appeal (including if the necessary expenses for serving a petition for appeal have not been prepaid).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1235">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論を経ない控訴の却下）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of Appeals Without Prejudice, Without Hearing Oral Arguments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1236">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百九十条　控訴が不適法でその不備を補正することができないときは、控訴裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、控訴を却下することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 290 If an appeal to the court of second instance is not in accordance with the law and this defect cannot be corrected, the court of second instance may enter a judgment dismissing the appeal without prejudice, without hearing oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1237">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（呼出費用の予納がない場合の控訴の却下）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of Appeals Without Prejudice When Expenses for Summonses Have Not Been Prepaid)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1238">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百九十一条　控訴裁判所は、民事訴訟費用等に関する法律の規定に従い当事者に対する期日の呼出しに必要な費用の予納を相当の期間を定めて控訴人に命じた場合において、その予納がないときは、決定で、控訴を却下することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 291 (1) If the court of second instance has specified a reasonable time frame and ordered the appellant to prepay the necessary expenses for summoning the parties to appear for a court date in accordance with the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Procedure, but such expenses have not been prepaid, the court may rule to dismiss the appeal without prejudice, in the form of a ruling.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1239">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1240">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（控訴の取下げ）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Withdrawal of Appeals to the Court of Second Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1241">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百九十二条　控訴は、控訴審の終局判決があるまで、取り下げることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 292 (1) An appeal to the court of second instance may be withdrawn before the court of second instance enters a final judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1242">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第二百六十一条第三項、第二百六十二条第一項及び第二百六十三条の規定は、控訴の取下げについて準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 261, paragraph (3); Article 262, paragraph (1); and Article 263 apply mutatis mutandis to the withdrawal of appeals to the court of second instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1243">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百九十三条　被控訴人は、控訴権が消滅した後であっても、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、附帯控訴をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 293 (1) An appellee may file an incidental appeal until such time as oral arguments are concluded, even if this is after the right to appeal to the court of second instance has expired.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1244">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　附帯控訴は、控訴の取下げがあったとき、又は不適法として控訴の却下があったときは、その効力を失う。ただし、控訴の要件を備えるものは、独立した控訴とみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An incidental appeal expires if the appeal to the court of second instance is withdrawn or if the appeal to the court of second instance is dismissed without prejudice as unlawful; provided, however, that an incidental appeal that meets the requirements for an appeal to the court of second instance is deemed to be an independent appeal to the court of second instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1245">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　附帯控訴については、控訴に関する規定による。ただし、附帯控訴の提起は、附帯控訴状を控訴裁判所に提出してすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Incidental appeals are governed by the provisions on appeals to the court of second instance; provided, however, that an incidental appeal may be filed through the submission of a petition for incidental appeal with the court of second instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1246">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（第一審判決についての仮執行の宣言）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Declaration of Provisional Execution for the Judgment in the First Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1247">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百九十四条　控訴裁判所は、第一審判決について不服の申立てがない部分に限り、申立てにより、決定で、仮執行の宣言をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 294 Upon petition, the court of second instance may rule to issue a declaration of provisional execution, in the form of a ruling, but only with regard to the part of the judgment in the first instance against which no objection has been entered.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1248">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（仮執行に関する裁判に対する不服申立て）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Appeals Against a Judicial Decision Involving a Provisional Execution)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1249">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百九十五条　仮執行に関する控訴審の裁判に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。ただし、前条の申立てを却下する決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 295 No objection may be entered against a judicial decision by the court of second instance involving a provisional execution; provided, however, that an immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling to dismiss the petition as referred to in the preceding Article without prejudice.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1250">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論の範囲等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Scope of Oral Arguments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1251">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百九十六条　口頭弁論は、当事者が第一審判決の変更を求める限度においてのみ、これをする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 296 (1) Oral arguments are conducted only within the bounds of the modification of the judgment in the first instance that the party seeks.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1252">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　当事者は、第一審における口頭弁論の結果を陳述しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The parties shall state the results of the oral arguments in the first instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1253">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（第一審の訴訟手続の規定の準用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Litigation Proceedings in the First Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1254">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百九十七条　前編第一章から第七章までの規定は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、控訴審の訴訟手続について準用する。ただし、第二百六十九条の規定は、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 297 The provisions of Part II, Chapters I to VII, except as otherwise provided, apply mutatis mutandis to litigation proceedings in the second instance; provided, however, that this does not apply to Article 269.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1255">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（第一審の訴訟行為の効力等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Effect of Procedural Acts from the First Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1256">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百九十八条　第一審においてした訴訟行為は、控訴審においてもその効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 298 (1) Any procedural act performed in the first instance is also in effect in the second instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1257">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第百六十七条の規定は、第一審において準備的口頭弁論を終了し、又は弁論準備手続を終結した事件につき控訴審で攻撃又は防御の方法を提出した当事者について、第百七十八条の規定は、第一審において書面による準備手続を終結した事件につき同条の陳述又は確認がされた場合において控訴審で攻撃又は防御の方法を提出した当事者について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provision of Article 167 applies mutatis mutandis to a party that advances allegations and evidence in the second instance with regard to a case for which preliminary oral arguments or preparatory proceedings in the first instance have been closed, and the provision of Article 178 applies mutatis mutandis to a party that advances allegations and evidence in the second instance if the statements or confirmation set forth in that Article has been entered in a case for which written preparatory proceedings in the first instance have been closed.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1258">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（第一審の管轄違いの主張の制限）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Restrictions on Arguing Lack of Jurisdiction of the Court of First Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1259">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二百九十九条　控訴審においては、当事者は、第一審裁判所が管轄権を有しないことを主張することができない。ただし、専属管轄（当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。）については、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 299 (1) In the second instance, the parties may not argue that the court of first instance was without jurisdiction; provided, however, that this does not apply with regard to exclusive jurisdiction (excluding that which is determined by agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1260">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の第一審裁判所が第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所である場合において、当該訴訟が同項の規定により他の裁判所の専属管轄に属するときは、前項ただし書の規定は、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the court of first instance as referred to in the preceding paragraph is the court specified in any of the items of Article 6, paragraph (1), and the litigation is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provisions of Article 6, paragraph (1), the provision of the proviso to the preceding paragraph does not apply.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1261">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（反訴の提起等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Filing of a Counterclaim)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1262">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百条　控訴審においては、反訴の提起は、相手方の同意がある場合に限り、することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 300 (1) In the second instance, a counterclaim may be filed only with the consent of the adverse party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1263">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　相手方が異議を述べないで反訴の本案について弁論をしたときは、反訴の提起に同意したものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the adverse party presents an oral argument on the merits of a counterclaim without stating an objection to it, the adverse party is deemed to have consented to the filing of the counterclaim.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1264">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前二項の規定は、選定者に係る請求の追加について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to the addition of a claim involving an appointer.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1265">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（攻撃防御方法の提出等の期間）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Time Frame for Presenting Allegations and Evidence)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1266">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百一条　裁判長は、当事者の意見を聴いて、攻撃若しくは防御の方法の提出、請求若しくは請求の原因の変更、反訴の提起又は選定者に係る請求の追加をすべき期間を定めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 301 (1) The presiding judge, after hearing the opinions of the parties, may specify the time frames for presenting allegations and evidence, amendment the claim or of the statement of the claims, filing a counterclaim, or adding a claim involving an appointer.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1267">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定により定められた期間の経過後に同項に規定する訴訟行為をする当事者は、裁判所に対し、その期間内にこれをすることができなかった理由を説明しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A party that performs any of the procedural acts prescribed in the preceding paragraph after a time frame specified pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph has passed, shall explain to the court the reasons that the party was unable to perform the act within that time frame.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1268">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百二条　控訴裁判所は、第一審判決を相当とするときは、控訴を棄却しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 302 (1) If the court of second instance finds the judgment in the first instance to be appropriate, it shall dismiss the appeal with prejudice.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1269">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第一審判決がその理由によれば不当である場合においても、他の理由により正当であるときは、控訴を棄却しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Even if the reasons supplied do not justify the judgment in the first instance, if there is any other reason that does justify that judgment, the court of second instance shall dismiss the appeal with prejudice.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1270">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（控訴権の濫用に対する制裁）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Sanction Against the Abuse of the Right to Appeal to the Court of Second Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1271">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百三条　控訴裁判所は、前条第一項の規定により控訴を棄却する場合において、控訴人が訴訟の完結を遅延させることのみを目的として控訴を提起したものと認めるときは、控訴人に対し、控訴の提起の手数料として納付すべき金額の十倍以下の金銭の納付を命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 303 (1) If the court of second instance dismisses an appeal with prejudice pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, and it finds that the appellant has filed the appeal exclusively for the purpose of delaying the conclusion of the litigation, it may order the appellant to pay up to ten times the amount of fees that shall be paid for filing an appeal with the court of second instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1272">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定による裁判は、判決の主文に掲げなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A judicial decision under the provision of the preceding paragraph shall be indicated in the main text of the judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1273">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の規定による裁判は、本案判決を変更する判決の言渡しにより、その効力を失う。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) A judicial decision under the provision of paragraph (1) ceases to be valid if a judgment is rendered modifying the judgment on the merits.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1274">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　上告裁判所は、上告を棄却する場合においても、第一項の規定による裁判を変更することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) Even if the final appellate court dismisses a final appeal with prejudice, it may modify a judicial decision under the provision of paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1275">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第百八十九条の規定は、第一項の規定による裁判について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) The provisions of Article 189 apply mutatis mutandis to a judicial decision under the provision of paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1276">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（第一審判決の取消し及び変更の範囲）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Scope of Reversal and Modification of a Judgment in the First Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1277">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百四条　第一審判決の取消し及び変更は、不服申立ての限度においてのみ、これをすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 304 A judgment in the first instance may be reversed or modified only within the bounds of the objection entered against it.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1278">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（第一審判決が不当な場合の取消し）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Reversal in the Event of an Unjustified Judgment in the First Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1279">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百五条　控訴裁判所は、第一審判決を不当とするときは、これを取り消さなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 305 The court of second instance shall reverse a judgment in the first instance if it finds that judgment to be unjustified.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1280">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（第一審の判決の手続が違法な場合の取消し）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Reversal in the Event of a Judgment by the Court of First Instance Made Upon Unlawful Procedure)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1281">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百六条　第一審の判決の手続が法律に違反したときは、控訴裁判所は、第一審判決を取り消さなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 306 If the procedure upon which the judgment in the first instance is made is in violation of the law, the court of second instance shall reverse the judgment in the first instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1282">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（事件の差戻し）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Remanding of a Case)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1283">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百七条　控訴裁判所は、訴えを不適法として却下した第一審判決を取り消す場合には、事件を第一審裁判所に差し戻さなければならない。ただし、事件につき更に弁論をする必要がないときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 307 If the court of second instance reverses a judgment in the first instance that has dismissed the action without prejudice as unlawful, it shall remand the case to the court of first instance; provided, however, that this does not apply if additional oral arguments in the case are unnecessary.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1284">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百八条　前条本文に規定する場合のほか、控訴裁判所が第一審判決を取り消す場合において、事件につき更に弁論をする必要があるときは、これを第一審裁判所に差し戻すことができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 308 (1) In a case other than that which is prescribed in the main clause of the preceding Article, in which the court of second instance reverses a judgment in the first instance, if additional oral arguments in the case are necessary, it may remand the case to the court of first instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1285">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第一審裁判所における訴訟手続が法律に違反したことを理由として事件を差し戻したときは、その訴訟手続は、これによって取り消されたものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a case is remanded on the grounds that litigation proceedings in the court of first instance is in violation of the law, that litigation proceedings are deemed to have been reversed by the remand.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1286">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（第一審の管轄違いを理由とする移送）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Transfer on the Grounds of Lack of Jurisdiction of the Court of First Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1287">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百九条　控訴裁判所は、事件が管轄違いであることを理由として第一審判決を取り消すときは、判決で、事件を管轄裁判所に移送しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 309 If the court of second instance reverses the judgment in the first instance on the grounds of lack of jurisdiction over the case, it shall transfer the case to the court of jurisdiction.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1288">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（控訴審の判決における仮執行の宣言）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Declaration of Provisional Execution in a Judgment by the Court of Second Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1289">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百十条　控訴裁判所は、金銭の支払の請求（第二百五十九条第二項の請求を除く。）に関する判決については、申立てがあるときは、不必要と認める場合を除き、担保を立てないで仮執行をすることができることを宣言しなければならない。ただし、控訴裁判所が相当と認めるときは、仮執行を担保を立てることに係らしめることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 310 For a judgment involving a claim for the payment of money (excluding a claim set forth in Article 259, paragraph (2)), the court of second instance, upon petition, shall declare that a provisional execution may be effected without security being provided, unless it finds such a declaration to be unnecessary; provided, however, that if the court of second instance finds appropriate, it may require the provision of security for a provisional execution.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1290">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（特許権等に関する訴えに係る控訴事件における合議体の構成）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Composition of the Panel for the Appellate Case in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc.)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1291">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百十条の二　第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所が第一審としてした特許権等に関する訴えについての終局判決に対する控訴が提起された東京高等裁判所においては、当該控訴に係る事件について、五人の裁判官の合議体で審理及び裁判をする旨の決定をその合議体ですることができる。ただし、第二十条の二第一項の規定により移送された訴訟に係る訴えについての終局判決に対する控訴に係る事件については、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 310-2 In the Tokyo High Court, if an appeal is filed against a final judgment that any of the courts specified in the items of Article 6, paragraph (1) enters as the court of first instance in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc., a panel of five judges may rule for the panel to conduct a trial and reach a judicial decision on that case; provided, however, that this does not apply to a case that involves an appeal to the court of second instance, against a final judgment in an action for litigation that has been transferred pursuant to the provision of Article 20-2, paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1292">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二章　上告</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter II Final Appeals</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1293">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（上告裁判所）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Final Appellate Court)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1294">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百十一条　上告は、高等裁判所が第二審又は第一審としてした終局判決に対しては最高裁判所に、地方裁判所が第二審としてした終局判決に対しては高等裁判所にすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 311 (1) A final appeal may be filed with the Supreme Court against a final judgment that the high court enters as the court of second instance or as the court of first instance, or may be filed with the high court against a final judgment that the district court enters as the court of second instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1295">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第二百八十一条第一項ただし書の場合には、地方裁判所の判決に対しては最高裁判所に、簡易裁判所の判決に対しては高等裁判所に、直ちに上告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the case as referred to in the proviso to Article 281, paragraph (1), a final appeal may be filed directly with the Supreme Court against a district court judgment, and may be filed directly with a high court against a summary court judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1296">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（上告の理由）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Grounds for Final Appeal)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1297">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百十二条　上告は、判決に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があることを理由とするときに、することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 312 (1) A final appeal may be filed on the grounds that the judgment reflects an error in the interpretation of the Constitution or that it is otherwise unconstitutional.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1298">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　上告は、次に掲げる事由があることを理由とするときも、することができる。ただし、第四号に掲げる事由については、第三十四条第二項（第五十九条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による追認があったときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A final appeal may also be filed on the grounds that any of the following circumstances are present; provided, however, that this does not apply to the circumstances set forth in item (iv) if the ratification under the provision of Article 34, paragraph (2) has taken place (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 59):</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1299">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　法律に従って判決裁判所を構成しなかったこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the court that pronounced judgment was not composed in accordance with the law;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1300">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　法律により判決に関与することができない裁判官が判決に関与したこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a judge who, by law, is not permitted to participate in the judgment, has participated in the judgment;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1301">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二の二　日本の裁判所の管轄権の専属に関する規定に違反したこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii)-2 provisions on the exclusive jurisdiction of the Japanese courts have been violated;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1302">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　専属管轄に関する規定に違反したこと（第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所が第一審の終局判決をした場合において当該訴訟が同項の規定により他の裁判所の専属管轄に属するときを除く。）。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) provisions on exclusive jurisdiction have been violated (unless one of the courts specified in the items of Article 6, paragraph (1) has entered the final judgment in the first instance, and said litigation is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provisions of Article 6, paragraph (1));</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1303">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　法定代理権、訴訟代理権又は代理人が訴訟行為をするのに必要な授権を欠いたこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) statutory representative authority, authority for representation in litigation, or the delegation of powers that a representative needs in order to perform procedural acts, was lacking;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1304">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>五　口頭弁論の公開の規定に違反したこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(v) provisions on the opening of oral arguments to the public have been violated;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1305">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>六　判決に理由を付せず、又は理由に食違いがあること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(vi) no reason has been given for the judgment, or the reasons given for the judgment conflict with each other.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1306">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　高等裁判所にする上告は、判決に影響を及ぼすことが明らかな法令の違反があることを理由とするときも、することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) A final appeal to the high court may also be filed on the grounds of a violation of law or regulation that has clearly influenced the judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1307">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（控訴の規定の準用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Appeals to the Court of Second Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1308">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百十三条　前章の規定は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、上告及び上告審の訴訟手続について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 313 The provisions of the preceding Chapter, except as otherwise provided, apply mutatis mutandis to a final appeal and to litigation proceedings in the final appellate instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1309">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（上告提起の方式等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Formalities for the Filing of Final Appeal)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1310">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百十四条　上告の提起は、上告状を原裁判所に提出してしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 314 (1) A final appeal shall be filed through the submission of a petition for a final appeal with the court of prior instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1311">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前条において準用する第二百八十八条及び第二百八十九条第二項の規定による裁判長の職権は、原裁判所の裁判長が行う。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The authority of the presiding judge under the provisions of Article 288 and Article 289, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding Article is exercised by the presiding judge of the court of prior instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1312">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（上告の理由の記載）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Entry of Grounds for Final Appeal)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1313">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百十五条　上告状に上告の理由の記載がないときは、上告人は、最高裁判所規則で定める期間内に、上告理由書を原裁判所に提出しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 315 (1) If the grounds for final appeal are not entered in a petition for final appeal, a statement of the grounds for final appeal shall be submitted to the court of prior instance within the time frame specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1314">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　上告の理由は、最高裁判所規則で定める方式により記載しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Grounds for final appeal shall be entered in the format specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1315">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（原裁判所による上告の却下）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of a Final Appeal Without Prejudice by the Court of Prior Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1316">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百十六条　次の各号に該当することが明らかであるときは、原裁判所は、決定で、上告を却下しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 316 (1) If circumstances clearly fall under any of the following items, the court of prior instance shall rule to dismiss the final appeal without prejudice:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1317">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　上告が不適法でその不備を補正することができないとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the final appeal is not in accordance with the law and this defect cannot be corrected;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1318">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　前条第一項の規定に違反して上告理由書を提出せず、又は上告の理由の記載が同条第二項の規定に違反しているとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a statement of grounds for final appeal has not been submitted, constituting a violation of the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article; or the stated grounds for final appeal are in violation of paragraph (2) of that Article.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1319">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1320">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（上告裁判所による上告の却下等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of a Final Appeal Without Prejudice by the Final Appellate Court)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1321">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百十七条　前条第一項各号に掲げる場合には、上告裁判所は、決定で、上告を却下することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 317 (1) In the cases set forth in the items of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the final appellate court may rule to dismiss a final appeal without prejudice.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1322">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　上告裁判所である最高裁判所は、上告の理由が明らかに第三百十二条第一項及び第二項に規定する事由に該当しない場合には、決定で、上告を棄却することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The Supreme Court, as the final appellate court, may rule to dismiss a final appeal with prejudice if the grounds for final appeal clearly do not fall under the circumstances prescribed in Article 312, paragraph (1) or (2).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1323">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（上告受理の申立て）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Petition for the Acceptance of a Final Appeal)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1324">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百十八条　上告をすべき裁判所が最高裁判所である場合には、最高裁判所は、原判決に最高裁判所の判例（これがない場合にあっては、大審院又は上告裁判所若しくは控訴裁判所である高等裁判所の判例）と相反する判断がある事件その他の法令の解釈に関する重要な事項を含むものと認められる事件について、申立てにより、決定で、上告審として事件を受理することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 318 (1) If the Supreme Court is the court with which the final appeal should be filed, it may rule, upon petition, to accept as the final appellate court, a case in which a prior instance judgment reflects a determination that conflicts with Supreme Court precedent (or, if there is no Supreme Court precedent, conflicts with precedent of the former Great Court of Cassation or precedent of the high court acting as the final appellate court or the court of second instance) or to accept any other case that is found to involve matters of material import in the interpretation of laws and regulations.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1325">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の申立て（以下「上告受理の申立て」という。）においては、第三百十二条第一項及び第二項に規定する事由を理由とすることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The petition as referred to in the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as a "Petition for the Acceptance of a Final Appeal") may not give circumstances prescribed in Article 312, paragraphs (1) and (2) as the grounds for petition.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1326">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の場合において、最高裁判所は、上告受理の申立ての理由中に重要でないと認めるものがあるときは、これを排除することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) In the case as referred to in paragraph (1), the Supreme Court may exclude any grounds for Petition for the Acceptance of a Final Appeal that it finds to be immaterial.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1327">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第一項の決定があった場合には、上告があったものとみなす。この場合においては、第三百二十条の規定の適用については、上告受理の申立ての理由中前項の規定により排除されたもの以外のものを上告の理由とみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) If the ruling as referred to paragraph (1) is issued, a final appeal is deemed to have been filed. In such a case, for the purpose of application of the provision of Article 320, grounds for Petition for the Acceptance of a Final Appeal other than those excluded pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph are deemed to be the grounds for the final appeal.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1328">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第三百十三条から第三百十五条まで及び第三百十六条第一項の規定は、上告受理の申立てについて準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) The provisions of Articles 313 to 315 and Article 316, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to a Petition for the Acceptance of a Final Appeal.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1329">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論を経ない上告の棄却）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of a Final Appeal With Prejudice, Without Oral Arguments Being Heard)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1330">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百十九条　上告裁判所は、上告状、上告理由書、答弁書その他の書類により、上告を理由がないと認めるときは、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、上告を棄却することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 319 If the final appellate court finds that a final appeal is without grounds based on the petition for final appeal, statement of grounds for final appeal, written answer, or any other documents, it may enter a judgment to dismiss the final appeal with prejudice, without hearing oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1331">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（調査の範囲）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Scope of Examination)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1332">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百二十条　上告裁判所は、上告の理由に基づき、不服の申立てがあった限度においてのみ調査をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 320 The final appellate court shall conduct its examination based on the grounds for final appeal, only within the bounds of the objection that has been entered.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1333">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（原判決の確定した事実の拘束）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Binding Force of Facts Found in a Prior Instance Judgment)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1334">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百二十一条　原判決において適法に確定した事実は、上告裁判所を拘束する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 321 (1) Lawful findings of fact in a prior instance judgment are binding on the final appellate court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1335">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第三百十一条第二項の規定による上告があった場合には、上告裁判所は、原判決における事実の確定が法律に違反したことを理由として、その判決を破棄することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a final appeal under the provision of Article 311, paragraph (2) is filed, the final appellate court may not reverse the prior instance judgment on the grounds that the findings of fact in the judgment are in violation of the law.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1336">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（職権調査事項についての適用除外）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Exclusion from Application of Matters to Be Examined by the Court Sua Sponte)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1337">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百二十二条　前二条の規定は、裁判所が職権で調査すべき事項には、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 322 The provisions of the preceding two Articles do not apply to matters that shall be examined by the court sua sponte.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1338">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（仮執行の宣言）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Declaration of Provisional Execution)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1339">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百二十三条　上告裁判所は、原判決について不服の申立てがない部分に限り、申立てにより、決定で、仮執行の宣言をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 323 Upon petition, the final appellate court may rule to issue a declaration of provisional execution, but only with regard to the part of the judgment in the prior instance against which no objection has been entered.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1340">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（最高裁判所への移送）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Transfer to the Supreme Court)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1341">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百二十四条　上告裁判所である高等裁判所は、最高裁判所規則で定める事由があるときは、決定で、事件を最高裁判所に移送しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 324 The high court, as the final appellate court, shall rule to transfer a case to the Supreme Court if the circumstances specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court are present.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1342">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（破棄差戻し等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Reversal and Remand)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1343">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百二十五条　第三百十二条第一項又は第二項に規定する事由があるときは、上告裁判所は、原判決を破棄し、次条の場合を除き、事件を原裁判所に差し戻し、又はこれと同等の他の裁判所に移送しなければならない。高等裁判所が上告裁判所である場合において、判決に影響を及ぼすことが明らかな法令の違反があるときも、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 325 (1) If there are circumstances prescribed in Article 312, paragraph (1) or (2), the final appellate court shall reverse the prior instance judgment, and, except in the cases as referred to in the following Article, it shall remand the case to the court of prior instance or transfer the case to another court equivalent thereto. The same applies if the high court is the final appellate court and a violation of law or regulation has clearly influenced the judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1344">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　上告裁判所である最高裁判所は、第三百十二条第一項又は第二項に規定する事由がない場合であっても、判決に影響を及ぼすことが明らかな法令の違反があるときは、原判決を破棄し、次条の場合を除き、事件を原裁判所に差し戻し、又はこれと同等の他の裁判所に移送することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Even without the circumstances prescribed in Article 312, paragraph (1) or (2), the Supreme Court, as the final appellate court, may reverse a prior instance judgment if a violation of law or regulation has clearly influenced the judgment, and, except in the cases as referred to in the following Article, it may remand the case to the court of prior instance or transfer the case to another court equivalent thereto.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1345">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前二項の規定により差戻し又は移送を受けた裁判所は、新たな口頭弁論に基づき裁判をしなければならない。この場合において、上告裁判所が破棄の理由とした事実上及び法律上の判断は、差戻し又は移送を受けた裁判所を拘束する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The court to which a case is remanded or transferred pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall reach a judicial decision based on additional oral arguments. In such a case, the factual or legal finding based on which the final appellate court has reversed the judgment is binding on the court to which the case is remanded or transferred.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1346">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　原判決に関与した裁判官は、前項の裁判に関与することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) A judge who has participated in the prior instance judgment may not participate in the judicial decision as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1347">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百二十六条　次に掲げる場合には、上告裁判所は、事件について裁判をしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 326 In the following cases, the final appellate court shall reach a judicial decision on the case:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1348">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　確定した事実について憲法その他の法令の適用を誤ったことを理由として判決を破棄する場合において、事件がその事実に基づき裁判をするのに熟するとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the final appellate court reverses a judgment on the grounds that there has been an error in the application of the Constitution or any other law or regulation to the facts that have been found, and the case has been sufficiently developed to allow a judicial decision to be reached based on such facts;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1349">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　事件が裁判所の権限に属しないことを理由として判決を破棄するとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) the final appellate court reverses a judgment on the grounds that the case is not subject to the jurisdiction of the court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1350">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百二十七条　高等裁判所が上告審としてした終局判決に対しては、その判決に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があることを理由とするときに限り、最高裁判所に更に上告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 327 (1) A further appeal may be filed with the Supreme Court against a final judgment entered by the high court as the final appellate court, but only on the grounds that the judgment involves an error in the interpretation of the Constitution or that it is otherwise unconstitutional.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1351">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の上告及びその上告審の訴訟手続には、その性質に反しない限り、第二審又は第一審の終局判決に対する上告及びその上告審の訴訟手続に関する規定を準用する。この場合において、第三百二十一条第一項中「原判決」とあるのは、「地方裁判所が第二審としてした終局判決（第三百十一条第二項の規定による上告があった場合にあっては、簡易裁判所の終局判決）」と読み替えるものとする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the final appeal as referred to in the preceding paragraph and litigation proceedings in the final appellate instance, unless contrary to the nature thereof, provisions concerning a final appeal and litigation proceedings in the final appellate instance against a final judgment by the court of second instance or the court of first instance apply mutatis mutandis. This being the case, the phrase "a prior instance judgment" in Article 321, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "the final judgment entered by the district court as the court of second instance (or the final judgment entered by the summary court, if a final appeal under the provision of Article 311, paragraph (2) is filed").</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1352">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三章　抗告</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter III Appeal Against a Ruling</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1353">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（抗告をすることができる裁判）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Judicial Decision Subject to Appeal Against a Ruling)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1354">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百二十八条　口頭弁論を経ないで訴訟手続に関する申立てを却下した決定又は命令に対しては、抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 328 (1) An appeal against a ruling may be filed against a ruling or order to dismiss a petition involved in the litigation proceedings without prejudice, without oral arguments being heard.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1355">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　決定又は命令により裁判をすることができない事項について決定又は命令がされたときは、これに対して抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An appeal against a ruling may be filed against a ruling or order if this has been issued in a matter that may not be decided through a ruling or order.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1356">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（受命裁判官等の裁判に対する不服申立て）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Objection to a Judicial Decision by an Authorized Judge)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1357">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百二十九条　受命裁判官又は受託裁判官の裁判に対して不服がある当事者は、受訴裁判所に異議の申立てをすることができる。ただし、その裁判が受訴裁判所の裁判であるとした場合に抗告をすることができるものであるときに限る。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 329 (1) A party who disagrees with the judicial decision of an authorized judge or a commissioned judge may file an objection with the court in charge of the case; provided, however, that this applies only if the judicial decision is one that it would be possible to appeal in the form of an appeal against a ruling, if it were the judicial decision of the court in charge of the case.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1358">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　抗告は、前項の申立てについての裁判に対してすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An appeal against a ruling may be filed against a judicial decision on the objection as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1359">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　最高裁判所又は高等裁判所が受訴裁判所である場合における第一項の規定の適用については、同項ただし書中「受訴裁判所」とあるのは、「地方裁判所」とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) For the purpose of application of the provision of paragraph (1) if the Supreme Court or a high court is the court in charge of the case, the phrase "the court in charge of the case" in the proviso to that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "the district court".</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1360">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百三十条　抗告裁判所の決定に対しては、その決定に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があること、又は決定に影響を及ぼすことが明らかな法令の違反があることを理由とするときに限り、更に抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 330 A further appeal may be filed against the ruling of the court in charge of an appeal against a ruling, but only on the grounds that the ruling reflects an error in the interpretation of the Constitution or is otherwise unconstitutional, or that a violation of law or regulation has clearly influenced the ruling.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1361">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（控訴又は上告の規定の準用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Appeals to the Court of Second Instance and Final Appeals)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1362">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百三十一条　抗告及び抗告裁判所の訴訟手続には、その性質に反しない限り、第一章の規定を準用する。ただし、前条の抗告及びこれに関する訴訟手続には、前章の規定中第二審又は第一審の終局判決に対する上告及びその上告審の訴訟手続に関する規定を準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 331 The provisions of Chapter I, unless contrary to the nature thereof, apply mutatis mutandis to an appeal against a ruling and to litigation proceedings in the court in charge of an appeal against a ruling; provided, however, that with regard to the appeal against a ruling as referred to in the preceding Article and litigation proceedings for such appeal, the provisions of the preceding Chapter concerning a final appeal against the final judgment of the court of second instance or the court of first instance and concerning litigation proceedings in the final appellate instance apply mutatis mutandis.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1363">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（即時抗告期間）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Time Frame for Filing an Immediate Appeal)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1364">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百三十二条　即時抗告は、裁判の告知を受けた日から一週間の不変期間内にしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 332 An immediate appeal shall be filed within an inalterable time frame of one week from the day on which notice of a judicial decision is received.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1365">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（原裁判所等による更正）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Correction by the Court of Prior Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1366">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百三十三条　原裁判をした裁判所又は裁判長は、抗告を理由があると認めるときは、その裁判を更正しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 333 If the court or presiding judge that has made the judicial decision in the prior instance finds that there are grounds for an appeal against a ruling, the court or the presiding judge shall correct that judicial decision.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1367">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（原裁判の執行停止）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Stay of Execution of a Judicial Decision in the Prior Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1368">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百三十四条　抗告は、即時抗告に限り、執行停止の効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 334 (1) An appeal against a ruling has the effect of a stay of execution, but only if it is filed as an immediate appeal.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1369">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　抗告裁判所又は原裁判をした裁判所若しくは裁判官は、抗告について決定があるまで、原裁判の執行の停止その他必要な処分を命ずることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The court in charge of an appeal against a ruling or the court or judge that has made the judicial decision in the prior instance may order a stay of execution of the judicial decision in the prior instance or any other necessary disposition until such time as a ruling is issued on the appeal against the ruling.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1370">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論に代わる審尋）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Hearing in Lieu of Oral Arguments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1371">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百三十五条　抗告裁判所は、抗告について口頭弁論をしない場合には、抗告人その他の利害関係人を審尋することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 335 If the court in charge of an appeal against a ruling does not hold oral arguments on in the appeal against the ruling, it may hear the appellant and any other interested party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1372">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百三十六条　地方裁判所及び簡易裁判所の決定及び命令で不服を申し立てることができないもの並びに高等裁判所の決定及び命令に対しては、その裁判に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があることを理由とするときに、最高裁判所に特に抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 336 (1) A special appeal against a ruling may be filed with the Supreme Court against any ruling or order of a district court or summary court against which no objection may be entered or with regard to the ruling or order of the high court, on the grounds that the ruling or order reflects an error in the interpretation of the Constitution or that it is otherwise unconstitutional.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1373">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の抗告は、裁判の告知を受けた日から五日の不変期間内にしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The appeal against a ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be filed within an inalterable time frame of five days from the day on which notice of the judicial decision is received.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1374">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第一項の抗告及びこれに関する訴訟手続には、その性質に反しない限り、第三百二十七条第一項の上告及びその上告審の訴訟手続に関する規定並びに第三百三十四条第二項の規定を準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provisions on the final appeal as referred to in Article 327, paragraph (1) and litigation proceedings in the final appellate instance, as well as the provision of Article 334, paragraph (2), unless contrary to the nature thereof, apply mutatis mutandis to an appeal against a ruling as referred to in paragraph (1) and litigation proceedings for such appeal.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1375">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百三十七条　高等裁判所の決定及び命令（第三百三十条の抗告及び次項の申立てについての決定及び命令を除く。）に対しては、前条第一項の規定による場合のほか、その高等裁判所が次項の規定により許可したときに限り、最高裁判所に特に抗告をすることができる。ただし、その裁判が地方裁判所の裁判であるとした場合に抗告をすることができるものであるときに限る。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 337 (1) An appeal may be specially filed with the Supreme Court against the ruling or order of the high court (excluding a ruling or order on the appeal against a ruling as referred to in Article 330 or on the petition as referred to in the following paragraph) other than in the case under the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, but only if the high court permits it pursuant to the provision of the following paragraph; provided, however, that this applies only if the judicial decision in question is one that it would be possible to appeal in the form of an appeal against a ruling, if it were the judicial decision of the district court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1376">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の高等裁判所は、同項の裁判について、最高裁判所の判例（これがない場合にあっては、大審院又は上告裁判所若しくは抗告裁判所である高等裁判所の判例）と相反する判断がある場合その他の法令の解釈に関する重要な事項を含むと認められる場合には、申立てにより、決定で、抗告を許可しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Upon petition, the high court as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall rule to permit an appeal against a ruling in respect of the judicial decision as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if it reflects a determination that is inconsistent with Supreme Court precedent (or, if there is no Supreme Court precedent, conflicts with precedent of the former Great Court of Cassation or precedent of the high court as the final appellate court or the court in charge of the appeal against the ruling) or if it is otherwise found to involve matters of material import involving the interpretation of laws and regulations.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1377">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の申立てにおいては、前条第一項に規定する事由を理由とすることはできない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The petition as referred to in the preceding paragraph may not give the circumstances prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article as the grounds for petition.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1378">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第二項の規定による許可があった場合には、第一項の抗告があったものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) If permission under the provisions of paragraph (2) is granted, the appeal against a ruling as referred to in paragraph (1) is deemed to have been filed.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1379">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　最高裁判所は、裁判に影響を及ぼすことが明らかな法令の違反があるときは、原裁判を破棄することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) The Supreme Court may reverse the judicial decision of the prior instance if a violation of law or regulation has clearly influenced the judicial decision.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1380">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>６　第三百十三条、第三百十五条及び前条第二項の規定は第二項の申立てについて、第三百十八条第三項の規定は第二項の規定による許可をする場合について、同条第四項後段及び前条第三項の規定は第二項の規定による許可があった場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(6) The provisions of Article 313; Article 315; and paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the petition as referred to in paragraph (2); the provisions of Article 318, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis if the court grants the permission under the provisions of paragraph (2); and the provisions of the second sentence of Article 318, paragraph (4) and paragraph (3) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis if the permission under the provisions of paragraph (2) is granted.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1381">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四編　再審</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part IV Retrial</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1382">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（再審の事由）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Grounds for Retrial)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1383">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百三十八条　次に掲げる事由がある場合には、確定した終局判決に対し、再審の訴えをもって、不服を申し立てることができる。ただし、当事者が控訴若しくは上告によりその事由を主張したとき、又はこれを知りながら主張しなかったときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 338 (1) If any of the following circumstances are present, a party may protest a final judgment that has become final and binding through a demand for a retrial; provided, however, that this does not apply if a party, when filing the appeal to the court of second instance or the final appeal, alleged those circumstances or knew of them but did not allege them:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1384">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　法律に従って判決裁判所を構成しなかったこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the court that pronounced judgment was not composed in accordance with the law;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1385">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　法律により判決に関与することができない裁判官が判決に関与したこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a judge who, by law, is not permitted to participate in the judgment, has participated in the judgment;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1386">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　法定代理権、訴訟代理権又は代理人が訴訟行為をするのに必要な授権を欠いたこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) statutory representative authority, authority for representation in litigation, or the delegation of powers that a representative needs in order to perform procedural acts, was lacking;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1387">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　判決に関与した裁判官が事件について職務に関する罪を犯したこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) a judge who participated in the judgment has committed a crime in connection with that judge's duties in the case;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1388">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>五　刑事上罰すべき他人の行為により、自白をするに至ったこと又は判決に影響を及ぼすべき攻撃若しくは防御の方法を提出することを妨げられたこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(v) another person's criminally punishable act has caused the party to make an admission or prevented the party from advancing allegations or evidence that would have influenced the judgment;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1389">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>六　判決の証拠となった文書その他の物件が偽造又は変造されたものであったこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(vi) the documents or any other objects used as evidence toward the judgment were forged or altered;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1390">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>七　証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は宣誓した当事者若しくは法定代理人の虚偽の陳述が判決の証拠となったこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(vii) false statements by a witness, expert, or interpreter, or by a party or statutory agent who had been sworn in, were used as evidence toward the judgment;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1391">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>八　判決の基礎となった民事若しくは刑事の判決その他の裁判又は行政処分が後の裁判又は行政処分により変更されたこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(viii) the civil or criminal judgment or other judicial decision, or the administrative disposition, on which the judgment in question was based has been modified by a subsequent judicial decision or administrative disposition;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1392">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>九　判決に影響を及ぼすべき重要な事項について判断の遺脱があったこと。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ix) there has been an omission involving a determination with regard to a matter of material import that would have influenced the judgment;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1393">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>十　不服の申立てに係る判決が前に確定した判決と抵触すること。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(x) the judgment to which the protest pertains conflicts with a previous judgment that has become final and binding.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1394">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項第四号から第七号までに掲げる事由がある場合においては、罰すべき行為について、有罪の判決若しくは過料の裁判が確定したとき、又は証拠がないという理由以外の理由により有罪の確定判決若しくは過料の確定裁判を得ることができないときに限り、再審の訴えを提起することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If any of the circumstances set forth in items (iv) to (vii) of the preceding paragraph are present, a party may demand a retrial only if a guilty verdict or decision imposing a civil fine for the relevant criminally publishable act has become final and binding, or if the reason that it is not possible to obtain a final and binding guilty verdict or final and binding decision imposing a civil fine for the relevant criminally publishable act is something other than the lack of evidence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1395">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　控訴審において事件につき本案判決をしたときは、第一審の判決に対し再審の訴えを提起することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If the court of second instance has reached a judgment on the merits of a case, it is not permissible to demand a retrial over the judgment of the court of first instance.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1396">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百三十九条　判決の基本となる裁判について前条第一項に規定する事由がある場合（同項第四号から第七号までに掲げる事由がある場合にあっては、同条第二項に規定する場合に限る。）には、その裁判に対し独立した不服申立ての方法を定めているときにおいても、その事由を判決に対する再審の理由とすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 339 If the circumstances prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article are present with regard to the judicial decision based on which a judgment is made (limited to the case prescribed in paragraph (2) of said Article if any of the circumstances set forth in items (iv) to (vii) of said paragraph are present), such circumstances may be given as grounds for retrial in connection with the judgment, even if the means of filing an independent protest against such judicial decision have been specified.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1397">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（管轄裁判所）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Court of Jurisdiction)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1398">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百四十条　再審の訴えは、不服の申立てに係る判決をした裁判所の管轄に専属する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 340 (1) A demand for a retrial is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the court that has reached the judgment to which the protest pertains.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1399">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　審級を異にする裁判所が同一の事件についてした判決に対する再審の訴えは、上級の裁判所が併せて管轄する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Demands for a retrial over judgments entered by courts of different instances with regard to the same case are collectively subject to the jurisdiction of their superior court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1400">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（再審の訴訟手続）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Litigation Proceedings in a Retrial)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1401">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百四十一条　再審の訴訟手続には、その性質に反しない限り、各審級における訴訟手続に関する規定を準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 341 Provisions on litigation proceedings in their respective instances, unless contrary to the nature thereof, apply mutatis mutandis to litigation proceedings in a retrial.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1402">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百四十二条　再審の訴えは、当事者が判決の確定した後再審の事由を知った日から三十日の不変期間内に提起しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 342 (1) A retrial shall be demanded within an inalterable time frame of 30 days from the day on which a party has become aware of the grounds for retrial, after the judgment has become final and binding.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1403">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　判決が確定した日（再審の事由が判決の確定した後に生じた場合にあっては、その事由が発生した日）から五年を経過したときは、再審の訴えを提起することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) It is not permissible to demand a retrial once five years have elapsed from the day on which the judgment becomes final and binding (or, if grounds for retrial occur after the judgment becomes final and binding, the day on which the grounds for retrial occur).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1404">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前二項の規定は、第三百三十八条第一項第三号に掲げる事由のうち代理権を欠いたこと及び同項第十号に掲げる事由を理由とする再審の訴えには、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply to a demand for a retrial filed on the grounds of a lack of representative authority, which is among the circumstances set forth in Article 338, paragraph (1), item (iii), nor do they apply to the circumstances set forth in Article 338, paragraph (1), item (x).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1405">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（再審の訴状の記載事項）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Particulars That Shall Be Entered in a Complaint Demanding a Retrial)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1406">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百四十三条　再審の訴状には、次に掲げる事項を記載しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 343 The following particulars shall be entered in the complaint demanding the retrial:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1407">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　当事者及び法定代理人</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the parties and statutory agents;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1408">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　不服の申立てに係る判決の表示及びその判決に対して再審を求める旨</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a representation of the judgment to which the protest pertains, and an indication that this is the judgment over which the retrial is being demanded;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1409">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　不服の理由</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) the grounds for protest.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1410">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（不服の理由の変更）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Amendment of Grounds for Protest)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1411">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百四十四条　再審の訴えを提起した当事者は、不服の理由を変更することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 344 The party that has demanded a retrial may amend the grounds for protest.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1412">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（再審の訴えの却下等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of a Demand for a Retrial)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1413">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百四十五条　裁判所は、再審の訴えが不適法である場合には、決定で、これを却下しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 345 (1) If a demand for a retrial is not in accordance with the law, the court shall rule to dismiss it without prejudice.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1414">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、再審の事由がない場合には、決定で、再審の請求を棄却しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If there are no grounds for retrial, the court shall rule to dismiss the claims for retrial with prejudice.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1415">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の決定が確定したときは、同一の事由を不服の理由として、更に再審の訴えを提起することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Once a ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph becomes final and binding, it is not permissible to further demand a retrial with the same circumstances as grounds for protest.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1416">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（再審開始の決定）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Ruling to Commence Retrial)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1417">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百四十六条　裁判所は、再審の事由がある場合には、再審開始の決定をしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 346 (1) If there are grounds for a retrial, the court shall rule to commence the retrial.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1418">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、前項の決定をする場合には、相手方を審尋しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Before issuing the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph, the court shall hear the adverse party.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1419">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百四十七条　第三百四十五条第一項及び第二項並びに前条第一項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 347 An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in Article 345, paragraph (1) or (2) and paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1420">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（本案の審理及び裁判）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Trial and Judicial Decision on the Merits)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1421">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百四十八条　裁判所は、再審開始の決定が確定した場合には、不服申立ての限度で、本案の審理及び裁判をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 348 (1) When a ruling to commence a retrial becomes final and binding, the court conducts a trial and reaches a judicial decision on the merits, within the bounds of the party's protest.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1422">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　裁判所は、前項の場合において、判決を正当とするときは、再審の請求を棄却しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the court finds that the judgment in question is just, it shall dismiss the claims for retrial with prejudice.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1423">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　裁判所は、前項の場合を除き、判決を取り消した上、更に裁判をしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Except in the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, the court shall reverse the judgment and reach another judicial decision.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1424">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（決定又は命令に対する再審）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Retrial over a Ruling or Order)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1425">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百四十九条　即時抗告をもって不服を申し立てることができる決定又は命令で確定したものに対しては、再審の申立てをすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 349 (1) A party may demand a retrial over a ruling or order that has become final and binding and against which a protest may be entered through the filing of an immediate appeal.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1426">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第三百三十八条から前条までの規定は、前項の申立てについて準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 338 to the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the demand as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1427">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第五編　手形訴訟及び小切手訴訟に関する特則</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part V Special Provisions on Actions on Bills or Notes and Actions on Checks</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1428">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（手形訴訟の要件）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Requirements for an Action on Bills or Notes)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1429">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百五十条　手形による金銭の支払の請求及びこれに附帯する法定利率による損害賠償の請求を目的とする訴えについては、手形訴訟による審理及び裁判を求めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 350 (1) A trial and judicial decision may be sought through an action on bills or notes in respect of a claim for the payment of money based on a bill or note and any incidental claim for damages at the statutory interest rate.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1430">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　手形訴訟による審理及び裁判を求める旨の申述は、訴状に記載してしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A statement indicating that a trial and judicial decision are sought through an action on bills or notes shall be entered in the complaint.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1431">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（反訴の禁止）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Prohibition of Counterclaims)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1432">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百五十一条　手形訴訟においては、反訴を提起することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 351 It is not permissible to file a counterclaim in an action on bills or notes.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1433">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証拠調べの制限）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Limiting the Examination of Evidence)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1434">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百五十二条　手形訴訟においては、証拠調べは、書証に限りすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 352 (1) In an action on bills or notes, the examination of evidence may be limited to an examination of documentary evidence.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1435">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　文書の提出の命令又は送付の嘱託は、することができない。対照の用に供すべき筆跡又は印影を備える物件の提出の命令又は送付の嘱託についても、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) It is not permissible to order a person to submit a document or commission a person to send a document. The same applies to ordering a person to submit an object that contains handwriting or a seal impression to be used for comparison or to commissioning a person to send such object.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1436">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　文書の成立の真否又は手形の提示に関する事実については、申立てにより、当事者本人を尋問することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) It is permissible, upon petition, for one of the parties themselves to be examined with regard to a fact that concerns the authenticity or inauthenticity of a document's provenance or the presentation of a bill or note.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1437">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　証拠調べの嘱託は、することができない。第百八十六条の規定による調査の嘱託についても、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) It is not permissible to commission the examination of evidence. The same applies to the commissioning of an examination under the provision of Article 186.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1438">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　前各項の規定は、裁判所が職権で調査すべき事項には、適用しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) The provisions of the preceding paragraphs do not apply to matters that are to be examined by the court sua sponte.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1439">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（通常の手続への移行）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Transfer to Ordinary Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1440">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百五十三条　原告は、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、被告の承諾を要しないで、訴訟を通常の手続に移行させる旨の申述をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 353 (1) The plaintiff, without the consent of the defendant, may enter a statement requesting that litigation be transferred to ordinary proceedings, until such time as oral arguments are concluded.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1441">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　訴訟は、前項の申述があった時に、通常の手続に移行する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Litigation is transferred to ordinary proceedings upon the entry of the statement as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1442">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の場合には、裁判所は、直ちに、訴訟が通常の手続に移行した旨を記載した書面を被告に送付しなければならない。ただし、第一項の申述が被告の出頭した期日において口頭でされたものであるときは、その送付をすることを要しない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) In the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, the court shall immediately send the defendant a paper document stating that litigation has been transferred to ordinary proceedings; provided, however, that sending this is not required if the statement as referred to in paragraph (1) is entered orally on a court date at which the defendant has appeared.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1443">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　第二項の場合には、手形訴訟のため既に指定した期日は、通常の手続のために指定したものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) In the case as referred to in paragraph (2), the court dates already designated for the action on bills or notes is deemed to have been designated for ordinary proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1444">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論の終結）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Conclusion of Oral Arguments)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1445">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百五十四条　裁判所は、被告が口頭弁論において原告が主張した事実を争わず、その他何らの防御の方法をも提出しない場合には、前条第三項の規定による書面の送付前であっても、口頭弁論を終結することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 354 If the defendant does not deny the facts alleged by the plaintiff in oral arguments or does not submit any manner of defense, the court may conclude oral arguments even before sending the paper document under the provision of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1446">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論を経ない訴えの却下）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of an Action Without Prejudice, Without Oral Arguments Being Heard)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1447">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百五十五条　請求の全部又は一部が手形訴訟による審理及び裁判をすることができないものであるときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、訴えの全部又は一部を却下することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 355 (1) If the whole or part of a claim is not eligible for a trial and judicial decision by way of an action on bills and notes, the court may enter a judgment dismissing the whole or part of the action without prejudice, without hearing oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1448">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の場合において、原告が判決書の送達を受けた日から二週間以内に同項の請求について通常の手続により訴えを提起したときは、第百四十七条の規定の適用については、その訴えの提起は、前の訴えの提起の時にしたものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the plaintiff files an action through ordinary proceedings on the claim as referred to in that paragraph within two weeks from the day of being served with a written judgment, for the purpose of application of the provision of Article 147, such action is deemed to have been filed at the time of the filing of the previous action.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1449">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（控訴の禁止）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Prohibition of Appeal)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1450">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百五十六条　手形訴訟の終局判決に対しては、控訴をすることができない。ただし、前条第一項の判決を除き、訴えを却下した判決に対しては、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 356 It is not permissible to appeal to the court of second instance against the final judgment in an action on bills or notes; provided, however, that this does not apply to a judgment dismissing an action without prejudice, other than the judgment as referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1451">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（異議の申立て）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Objection)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1452">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百五十七条　手形訴訟の終局判決に対しては、訴えを却下した判決を除き、判決書又は第二百五十四条第二項の調書の送達を受けた日から二週間の不変期間内に、その判決をした裁判所に異議を申し立てることができる。ただし、その期間前に申し立てた異議の効力を妨げない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 357 An objection to the final judgment in an action on bills or notes, other than a judgment dismissing the action without prejudice, may be lodged with the court that enters that judgment, within an inalterable time frame of two weeks from the day on which the judgment document or record as referred to in Article 254, paragraph (2) is served; provided, however, that this does not preclude the validity of an objection lodged prior to that time.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1453">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（異議申立権の放棄）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Waiver of Right to Object)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1454">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百五十八条　異議を申し立てる権利は、その申立て前に限り、放棄することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 358 A person may only waive the right to an objection before that objection is lodged.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1455">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（口頭弁論を経ない異議の却下）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of an Objection Without Prejudice, Without Oral Arguments Being Heard)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1456">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百五十九条　異議が不適法でその不備を補正することができないときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、異議を却下することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 359 If an objection is not in accordance with the law and this defect cannot be corrected, the court may enter a judgment to dismiss the objection without prejudice, without hearing oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1457">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（異議の取下げ）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Withdrawal of an Objection)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1458">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百六十条　異議は、通常の手続による第一審の終局判決があるまで、取り下げることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 360 (1) An objection may be withdrawn until such time as the court of first instance reaches a final judgment through ordinary proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1459">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　異議の取下げは、相手方の同意を得なければ、その効力を生じない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The withdrawal of an objection is not valid unless the opposing party consents.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1460">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第二百六十一条第三項から第五項まで、第二百六十二条第一項及び第二百六十三条の規定は、異議の取下げについて準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provisions of Article 261, paragraphs (3) to (5); Article 262, paragraph (1); and Article 263 apply mutatis mutandis to the withdrawal of an objection.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1461">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（異議後の手続）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Proceedings after Objection)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1462">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百六十一条　適法な異議があったときは、訴訟は、口頭弁論の終結前の程度に復する。この場合においては、通常の手続によりその審理及び裁判をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 361 If a lawful objection is lodged, litigation returns to the stage it was at before the conclusion of oral arguments. In such a case, the trial is conducted and the judicial decision is reached through ordinary proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1463">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（異議後の判決）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Judgment after Objection)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1464">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百六十二条　前条の規定によってすべき判決が手形訴訟の判決と符合するときは、裁判所は、手形訴訟の判決を認可しなければならない。ただし、手形訴訟の判決の手続が法律に違反したものであるときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 362 (1) If a judgment that is to be reached in accordance with the provision of the preceding Article is consistent with the judgment from the action on bills or notes, the court shall approve the judgment from the action on bills or notes; provided, however, that this does not apply if the procedure upon which the judgment in the action on bills or notes is made is in violation of the law.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1465">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定により手形訴訟の判決を認可する場合を除き、前条の規定によってすべき判決においては、手形訴訟の判決を取り消さなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Unless the court approves the judgment from an action on bills or notes pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, in a judgment that is to be reached in accordance with the provision of the preceding Article, the court shall reverse the judgment from the action on bills or notes.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1466">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（異議後の判決における訴訟費用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Court Costs in a Judgment after Objection)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1467">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百六十三条　異議を却下し、又は手形訴訟においてした訴訟費用の負担の裁判を認可する場合には、裁判所は、異議の申立てがあった後の訴訟費用の負担について裁判をしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 363 (1) Whenever the court dismisses an objection without prejudice or approves a judicial decision on the burden of court costs from an action on bills or notes, the court shall enter a judicial decision on the burden of court costs incurred after the objection was lodged.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1468">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第二百五十八条第四項の規定は、手形訴訟の判決に対し適法な異議の申立てがあった場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provision of Article 258, paragraph (4) apply mutatis mutandis when a lawful objection is lodged against the judgment in an action on bills or notes.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1469">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（事件の差戻し）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Remand of a Case)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1470">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百六十四条　控訴裁判所は、異議を不適法として却下した第一審判決を取り消す場合には、事件を第一審裁判所に差し戻さなければならない。ただし、事件につき更に弁論をする必要がないときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 364 If the court of second instance reverses the judgment in the first instance dismissing an objection without prejudice as unlawful, it shall remand the case to the court of first instance; provided, however, that this does not apply if additional oral arguments in the case are unnecessary.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1471">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴え提起前の和解の手続から手形訴訟への移行）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Transfer from Pre-Filing Settlement Proceedings to an Action on Bills or Notes)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1472">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百六十五条　第二百七十五条第二項後段の規定により提起があったものとみなされる訴えについては、手形訴訟による審理及び裁判を求める旨の申述は、同項前段の申立ての際にしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 365 In an action that is deemed to have been filed pursuant to the provision of the second sentence of Article 275, paragraph (2), any statement indicating that a trial and judicial decision are sought through an action on bills or notes shall be entered at the time the petition as referred to in the first sentence of Article 275, paragraph (2) is filed.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1473">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（督促手続から手形訴訟への移行）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Transfer from Demand Procedures to an Action on Bills or Notes)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1474">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百六十六条　第三百九十五条又は第三百九十八条第一項（第四百二条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により提起があったものとみなされる訴えについては、手形訴訟による審理及び裁判を求める旨の申述は、支払督促の申立ての際にしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 366 (1) In an action that is deemed to have been filed pursuant to the provisions of Article 395 or Article 398, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 402, paragraph (2)), any statement indicating that a trial and judicial decision are sought through an action on bills or notes shall be entered at the time the application is filed for a demand for payment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1475">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第三百九十一条第一項の規定による仮執行の宣言があったときは、前項の申述は、なかったものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a declaration of provisional execution under the provision of Article 391, paragraph (1) is issued, the statement as referred to in the preceding paragraph is deemed not to have been made.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1476">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（小切手訴訟）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Action on Checks)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1477">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百六十七条　小切手による金銭の支払の請求及びこれに附帯する法定利率による損害賠償の請求を目的とする訴えについては、小切手訴訟による審理及び裁判を求めることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 367 (1) A trial and judicial decision may be sought through an action on checks in respect of a claim for the payment of money based on a check and any incidental claim for damages at the statutory interest rate.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1478">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第三百五十条第二項及び第三百五十一条から前条までの規定は、小切手訴訟に関して準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 350, paragraph (2) and Article 351 to the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to an action on checks.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1479">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第六編　少額訴訟に関する特則</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part VI Special Provisions on Small Claims Actions</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1480">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（少額訴訟の要件等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Requirements for Small Claims Actions)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1481">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百六十八条　簡易裁判所においては、訴訟の目的の価額が六十万円以下の金銭の支払の請求を目的とする訴えについて、少額訴訟による審理及び裁判を求めることができる。ただし、同一の簡易裁判所において同一の年に最高裁判所規則で定める回数を超えてこれを求めることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 368 (1) In summary court, a trial and judicial decision may be sought through a small claims action in respect of a claim for the payment of money, if the value of the subject matter of litigation is not more than 600,000 yen; provided, however, that a person may not file such actions with the same summary court more frequently than the number of times specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court in the same year.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1482">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　少額訴訟による審理及び裁判を求める旨の申述は、訴えの提起の際にしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A statement indicating that a trial and judicial decision are sought through a small claims action shall be entered at the time the action is filed.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1483">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の申述をするには、当該訴えを提起する簡易裁判所においてその年に少額訴訟による審理及び裁判を求めた回数を届け出なければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) In entering the statement as referred to in the preceding paragraph, the plaintiff shall report the number of times in the relevant year that the plaintiff has sought trials and judicial decisions through small claims actions in the summary court where the plaintiff is filing the action.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1484">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（反訴の禁止）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Prohibition of Counterclaim)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1485">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百六十九条　少額訴訟においては、反訴を提起することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 369 It is not permissible to file a counterclaim in a small claims action.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1486">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（一期日審理の原則）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(The Single-Day Trial Principle)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1487">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百七十条　少額訴訟においては、特別の事情がある場合を除き、最初にすべき口頭弁論の期日において、審理を完了しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 370 (1) In a small claims action, unless there are special circumstances, the trial shall be completed on the first date for oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1488">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　当事者は、前項の期日前又はその期日において、すべての攻撃又は防御の方法を提出しなければならない。ただし、口頭弁論が続行されたときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The parties shall advance all allegations and evidence prior to the date as referred to in the preceding paragraph or on that date; provided, however, that this does not apply if oral arguments are continued.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1489">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証拠調べの制限）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Restriction on the Examination of Evidence)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1490">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百七十一条　証拠調べは、即時に取り調べることができる証拠に限りすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 371 It is permissible to limit the examination of evidence to evidence that can be examined immediately.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1491">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（証人等の尋問）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Examination of Witnesses)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1492">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百七十二条　証人の尋問は、宣誓をさせないですることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 372 (1) It is permissible to examine a witness without having the witness swear under oath.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1493">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　証人又は当事者本人の尋問は、裁判官が相当と認める順序でする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The witnesses and the parties themselves are examined in the order that the judge finds appropriate.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1494">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、裁判所及び当事者双方と証人とが音声の送受信により同時に通話をすることができる方法によって、証人を尋問することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If the court finds it to be appropriate, it may examine a witness, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, in a way that enables the court, the parties, and the witness to communicate with one another at the same time, through audio transmissions.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1495">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（通常の手続への移行）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Transfer to Ordinary Proceedings)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1496">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百七十三条　被告は、訴訟を通常の手続に移行させる旨の申述をすることができる。ただし、被告が最初にすべき口頭弁論の期日において弁論をし、又はその期日が終了した後は、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 373 (1) The defendant may enter a statement requesting that litigation be transferred to ordinary proceedings; provided, however, that this does not apply after the defendant has presented oral arguments on the first date for oral arguments or if that court date has been completed.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1497">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　訴訟は、前項の申述があった時に、通常の手続に移行する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Litigation is transferred to ordinary proceedings upon the entry of the statement as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1498">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　次に掲げる場合には、裁判所は、訴訟を通常の手続により審理及び裁判をする旨の決定をしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) In the following cases, the court shall rule to conduct a trial and reach a judicial decision in litigation through ordinary proceedings:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1499">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　第三百六十八条第一項の規定に違反して少額訴訟による審理及び裁判を求めたとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) the plaintiff has sought a trial and judicial decision through a small claims action in violation of the provision of Article 368, paragraph (1);</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1500">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　第三百六十八条第三項の規定によってすべき届出を相当の期間を定めて命じた場合において、その届出がないとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) the court has specified a reasonable time frame and ordered a report in accordance with the provision of Article 368, paragraph (3), but that report is not given;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1501">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　公示送達によらなければ被告に対する最初にすべき口頭弁論の期日の呼出しをすることができないとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) it is impossible to summon the defendant to the first date for oral arguments by any means other than service by publication;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1502">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　少額訴訟により審理及び裁判をするのを相当でないと認めるとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) the court finds it inappropriate to conduct a trial and reach a judicial decision through a small claims action.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1503">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　前項の決定に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) It is not permissible to enter a protest against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1504">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　訴訟が通常の手続に移行したときは、少額訴訟のため既に指定した期日は、通常の手続のために指定したものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) If litigation is transferred to ordinary proceedings, any date already designated for the small claims action is deemed to have been designated for ordinary proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1505">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（判決の言渡し）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Rendition of Judgment)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1506">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百七十四条　判決の言渡しは、相当でないと認める場合を除き、口頭弁論の終結後直ちにする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 374 (1) Unless the court finds it to be inappropriate, the court renders a judgment immediately after the conclusion of oral arguments.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1507">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の場合には、判決の言渡しは、判決書の原本に基づかないですることができる。この場合においては、第二百五十四条第二項及び第二百五十五条の規定を準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, the court may render its judgment without basing this on the original judgment document. In such a case, the provisions of Article 254, paragraph (2) and Article 255 apply mutatis mutandis.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1508">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（判決による支払の猶予）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Payment Grace Period Pursuant to Judgment)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1509">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百七十五条　裁判所は、請求を認容する判決をする場合において、被告の資力その他の事情を考慮して特に必要があると認めるときは、判決の言渡しの日から三年を超えない範囲内において、認容する請求に係る金銭の支払について、その時期の定め若しくは分割払の定めをし、又はこれと併せて、その時期の定めに従い支払をしたとき、若しくはその分割払の定めによる期限の利益を次項の規定による定めにより失うことなく支払をしたときは訴え提起後の遅延損害金の支払義務を免除する旨の定めをすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 375 (1) If the court enters a judgment upholding a claim and finds it to be particularly necessary in consideration of the defendant's financial resources and any other circumstances, it may stipulate the time frame for payment of money under the claim being upheld or stipulate installment payments for the payment of such money, both of which shall be within three years from the date on which it renders the judgment, and may simultaneously stipulate that if the defendant pays in accordance with the stipulations on that time frame or pays without losing, pursuant to the provision of the following paragraph, the benefit of time from the stipulation of installment payments, the defendant will be exempted from the obligation to pay any default charges that accrued after the filing of the action.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1510">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の分割払の定めをするときは、被告が支払を怠った場合における期限の利益の喪失についての定めをしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If the court establishes the stipulation on installment payments which is referred to in the preceding paragraph, it shall establish a stipulation on the forfeiture of the benefit of time in the event of the defendant's failure to pay.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1511">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前二項の規定による定めに関する裁判に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) It is not permissible to enter a protest against a judicial decision involving the stipulations under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1512">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（仮執行の宣言）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Declaration of Provisional Execution)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1513">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百七十六条　請求を認容する判決については、裁判所は、職権で、担保を立てて、又は立てないで仮執行をすることができることを宣言しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 376 (1) In a judgment upholding a claim, the court shall issue a sua sponte declaration that a provisional execution may be effected if security is provided or that a provisional execution may be effected without security being provided.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1514">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第七十六条、第七十七条、第七十九条及び第八十条の規定は、前項の担保について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Articles 76, 77, 79, and 80 apply mutatis mutandis to the security as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1515">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（控訴の禁止）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Prohibition of Appeals to the Court of Second Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1516">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百七十七条　少額訴訟の終局判決に対しては、控訴をすることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 377 It is not permissible to file an appeal to the court of second instance against the final judgment in a small claims action.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1517">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百七十八条　少額訴訟の終局判決に対しては、判決書又は第二百五十四条第二項（第三百七十四条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の調書の送達を受けた日から二週間の不変期間内に、その判決をした裁判所に異議を申し立てることができる。ただし、その期間前に申し立てた異議の効力を妨げない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 378 (1) An objection against the final judgment in a small claims action may be lodged with the court that has entered that judgment, within an inalterable time frame of two weeks from the day on which a written judgment or a record as referred to in Article 254, paragraph (2) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 374, paragraph (2)) is served; provided, however, that this does not preclude the validity of an objection lodged prior to that time frame.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1518">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第三百五十八条から第三百六十条までの規定は、前項の異議について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Articles 358 to 360 apply mutatis mutandis to the objection referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1519">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（異議後の審理及び裁判）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Trial and Judicial Decision after Objection)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1520">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百七十九条　適法な異議があったときは、訴訟は、口頭弁論の終結前の程度に復する。この場合においては、通常の手続によりその審理及び裁判をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 379 (1) If a lawful objection is lodged, litigation returns to the stage it was at before the conclusion of oral arguments. In such a case, the trial is conducted and a judicial decision is reached through ordinary proceedings.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1521">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第三百六十二条、第三百六十三条、第三百六十九条、第三百七十二条第二項及び第三百七十五条の規定は、前項の審理及び裁判について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 362; Article 363; Article 369; Article 372, paragraph (2); and Article 375 apply mutatis mutandis to the trial and judicial decision as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1522">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（異議後の判決に対する不服申立て）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Appeal Against a Judgment after Objection)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1523">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百八十条　第三百七十八条第二項において準用する第三百五十九条又は前条第一項の規定によってした終局判決に対しては、控訴をすることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 380 (1) It is not permissible to appeal to the court of second instance against a final judgment entered in accordance with the provision of Article 359, as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 378, paragraph (2), and the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1524">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第三百二十七条の規定は、前項の終局判決について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 327 apply mutatis mutandis to the final judgment as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1525">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百八十一条　少額訴訟による審理及び裁判を求めた者が第三百六十八条第三項の回数について虚偽の届出をしたときは、裁判所は、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 381 (1) If a person seeking a trial and judicial decision through a small claims action falsely reports the number of times as referred to in Article 368, paragraph (3), the court issues a ruling sentencing that person to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1526">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1527">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第百八十九条の規定は、第一項の規定による過料の裁判について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provisions of Article 189 apply mutatis mutandis to a judicial decision imposing a civil fine under the provision of paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1528">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第七編　督促手続</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part VII Demand Procedures</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1529">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第一章　総則</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter I General Provisions</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1530">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（支払督促の要件）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Requirements for a Demand for Payment)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1531">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百八十二条　金銭その他の代替物又は有価証券の一定の数量の給付を目的とする請求については、裁判所書記官は、債権者の申立てにより、支払督促を発することができる。ただし、日本において公示送達によらないでこれを送達することができる場合に限る。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 382 Upon the application of the creditor, the court clerk may issue a demand for the payment of a claim whose object is the payment of a certain amount of money or other fungible or securities; provided, however, that this applies only if it is possible to serve the demand in Japan, by a means other than service by publication.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1532">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（支払督促の申立て）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Application for a Demand for Payment)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1533">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百八十三条　支払督促の申立ては、債務者の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する簡易裁判所の裁判所書記官に対してする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 383 (1) An application for a demand for the payment is filed with the court clerk of the summary court of jurisdiction in the locality that constitutes the general venue for an action involving the debtor.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1534">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　次の各号に掲げる請求についての支払督促の申立ては、それぞれ当該各号に定める地を管轄する簡易裁判所の裁判所書記官に対してもすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An application for a demand for the payment of the claim set forth in each of the following items may also be filed with the court clerk of the summary court of jurisdiction in the place set forth in said item:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1535">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　事務所又は営業所を有する者に対する請求でその事務所又は営業所における業務に関するもの　当該事務所又は営業所の所在地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) a claim against a person with an office or a business office, which is filed in connection with the business conducted at the person's office or business office: the location of said office or business office;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1536">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　手形又は小切手による金銭の支払の請求及びこれに附帯する請求　手形又は小切手の支払地</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a claim for the payment of monies for a bill or note or for a check, and any claim incidental thereto: the place for payment of the bill or note or for the check.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1537">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（訴えに関する規定の準用）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Actions)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1538">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百八十四条　支払督促の申立てには、その性質に反しない限り、訴えに関する規定を準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 384 Unless contrary to the nature thereof, the provisions on actions apply mutatis mutandis to an application for a demand for the payment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1539">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（申立ての却下）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Rejection of an Application, Without Prejudice)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1540">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百八十五条　支払督促の申立てが第三百八十二条若しくは第三百八十三条の規定に違反するとき、又は申立ての趣旨から請求に理由がないことが明らかなときは、その申立てを却下しなければならない。請求の一部につき支払督促を発することができない場合におけるその一部についても、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 385 (1) If an application for a demand for the payment is not in accordance with the provisions of Article 382 or Article 383 or if it is obvious, from the object of the application, that the claim is without grounds, the application shall be rejected, without prejudice. The same applies to any part of a claim for which it is not permissible to issue a demand for the payment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1541">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定による処分は、相当と認める方法で告知することによって、その効力を生ずる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The disposition under the provision of the preceding paragraph comes into effect by notice being given by a means that is considered appropriate.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1542">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の処分に対する異議の申立ては、その告知を受けた日から一週間の不変期間内にしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Any objection to the disposition as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be lodged within an inalterable time frame of one week from the day on which the notice is received.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1543">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　前項の異議の申立てについての裁判に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) It is not permissible to enter a protest against a judicial decision on the objection as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1544">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（支払督促の発付等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Issuance of a Demand for Payment)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1545">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百八十六条　支払督促は、債務者を審尋しないで発する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 386 (1) A demand for the payment is issued without the debtor being heard.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1546">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　債務者は、支払督促に対し、これを発した裁判所書記官の所属する簡易裁判所に督促異議の申立てをすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A debtor may lodge an objection to a demand for the payment with the summary court to which the court clerk that issues the demand belongs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1547">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（支払督促の記載事項）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Particulars That Shall Be Entered in a Demand for Payment)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1548">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百八十七条　支払督促には、次に掲げる事項を記載し、かつ、債務者が支払督促の送達を受けた日から二週間以内に督促異議の申立てをしないときは債権者の申立てにより仮執行の宣言をする旨を付記しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 387 The following particulars shall be entered in a demand for the payment, and the demand for the payment shall be accompanied by a supplementary note indicating that if the debtor does not lodge an objection to the demand within two weeks from the day on which the debtor is served with the demand for the payment, a declaration of provisional execution will be issued at the petition of the creditor:</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1549">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　第三百八十二条の給付を命ずる旨</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) an indication that the debtor is being ordered to make a payment as referred to in Article 382;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1550">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　請求の趣旨及び原因</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) the object of the claim and a statement of the claims;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1551">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　当事者及び法定代理人</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) the parties and statutory agents.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1552">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（支払督促の送達）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Service of a Demand for Payment)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1553">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百八十八条　支払督促は、債務者に送達しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 388 (1) A demand for the payment shall be served on the debtor.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1554">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　支払督促の効力は、債務者に送達された時に生ずる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) A demand for the payment becomes valid at the time it is served on the debtor.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1555">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　債権者が申し出た場所に債務者の住所、居所、営業所若しくは事務所又は就業場所がないため、支払督促を送達することができないときは、裁判所書記官は、その旨を債権者に通知しなければならない。この場合において、債権者が通知を受けた日から二月の不変期間内にその申出に係る場所以外の送達をすべき場所の申出をしないときは、支払督促の申立てを取り下げたものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) If it is impossible to serve a demand for the payment due to the non-existence of the debtor's domicile, residence, business office or other office, or Workplace at the place proposed by the creditor, the court clerk shall notify the creditor to that effect. In such a case, if, within an inalterable time frame of two weeks from the day on which the creditor receives that notice, the creditor does not propose a place where service is to be effected other than the place previously proposed, the creditor is deemed to have withdrawn the application for the demand for the payment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1556">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（支払督促の更正）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Correction of a Demand for Payment)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1557">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百八十九条　第七十四条第一項及び第二項の規定は、支払督促について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 389 (1) The provisions of Article 74, paragraphs (1) and (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a demand for the payment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1558">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　仮執行の宣言後に適法な督促異議の申立てがあったときは、前項において準用する第七十四条第一項の規定による更正の処分に対する異議の申立ては、することができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a lawful objection to a demand for the payment is lodged after a declaration of provisional execution, it is not permissible to lodge an objection to a disposition for a correction under the provision of Article 74, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1559">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（仮執行の宣言前の督促異議）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Objection to a Demand Prior to a Declaration of Provisional Execution)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1560">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百九十条　仮執行の宣言前に適法な督促異議の申立てがあったときは、支払督促は、その督促異議の限度で効力を失う。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 390 If a lawful objection to a demand for the payment is lodged prior to a declaration of provisional execution, the demand for the payment ceases to be valid, to the extent of the objection to the demand.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1561">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（仮執行の宣言）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Declaration of Provisional Execution)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1562">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百九十一条　債務者が支払督促の送達を受けた日から二週間以内に督促異議の申立てをしないときは、裁判所書記官は、債権者の申立てにより、支払督促に手続の費用額を付記して仮執行の宣言をしなければならない。ただし、その宣言前に督促異議の申立てがあったときは、この限りでない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 391 (1) If a debtor does not lodge an objection to a demand for the payment within two weeks from the day on which the debtor is served with that demand for the payment, the court clerk, at the petition of the creditor, shall issue a declaration of provisional execution, attaching a supplementary note of the amount of expenses for demand procedures to the demand for the payment; provided, however, that this does not apply if an objection to the demand is lodged prior to that declaration.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1563">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　仮執行の宣言は、支払督促に記載し、これを当事者に送達しなければならない。ただし、債権者の同意があるときは、当該債権者に対しては、当該記載をした支払督促を送付することをもって、送達に代えることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) Any declaration of provisional execution shall be entered in a demand for the payment, and the demand for the payment shall be served on the parties; provided, however, that with the consent of the creditor, a demand for the payment in which this is entered may be sent to the creditor, in lieu of service.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1564">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　第三百八十五条第二項及び第三項の規定は、第一項の申立てを却下する処分及びこれに対する異議の申立てについて準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) The provisions of Article 385, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to a disposition denying, without prejudice, the petition as referred to in paragraph (1) and to the lodging of an objection against such a disposition.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1565">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>４　前項の異議の申立てについての裁判に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(4) An immediate appeal may be filed against a judicial decision on the objection as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1566">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>５　第二百六十条及び第三百八十八条第二項の規定は、第一項の仮執行の宣言について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(5) The provisions of Article 260 and Article 388, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to the declaration of provisional execution as referred to in paragraph (1).</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1567">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（期間の徒過による支払督促の失効）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Loss of Validity of a Demand for Payment upon the Expiration of a Time Frame)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1568">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百九十二条　債権者が仮執行の宣言の申立てをすることができる時から三十日以内にその申立てをしないときは、支払督促は、その効力を失う。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 392 If a creditor does not file a petition for a declaration of provisional execution within 30 days from the time at which it becomes permissible for the creditor to file that petition, the demand for the payment ceases to be valid.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1569">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（仮執行の宣言後の督促異議）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Objection to a Demand After a Declaration of Provisional Execution)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1570">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百九十三条　仮執行の宣言を付した支払督促の送達を受けた日から二週間の不変期間を経過したときは、債務者は、その支払督促に対し、督促異議の申立てをすることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 393 If an inalterable time frame of two weeks has expired after the day on which the debtor has been served with a demand for the payment bearing a declaration of provisional execution, the debtor may not lodge an objection to a demand in respect of that demand for the payment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1571">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（督促異議の却下）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Dismissal of an Objection to a Demand, Without Prejudice)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1572">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百九十四条　簡易裁判所は、督促異議を不適法であると認めるときは、督促異議に係る請求が地方裁判所の管轄に属する場合においても、決定で、その督促異議を却下しなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 394 (1) If the summary court finds that an objection to a demand is unlawful, it shall rule to dismiss the objection to the demand without prejudice, even if the claim to which the objection to the demand pertains is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1573">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1574">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（督促異議の申立てによる訴訟への移行）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Transfer to Litigation Based on an Objection to a Demand)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1575">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百九十五条　適法な督促異議の申立てがあったときは、督促異議に係る請求については、その目的の価額に従い、支払督促の申立ての時に、支払督促を発した裁判所書記官の所属する簡易裁判所又はその所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に訴えの提起があったものとみなす。この場合においては、督促手続の費用は、訴訟費用の一部とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 395 If a lawful objection to a demand is lodged, an action is deemed to have been filed, at the time that the application for the demand for the payment was filed and for the claim to which the objection to the demand pertains, with the summary court to which the court clerk issuing the demand for the payment belongs or with the district court of jurisdiction for that locality, depending on the value of the subject matter of the claim. In such a case, expenses for the demand procedures constitute part of the court costs.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1576">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（支払督促の効力）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Validity of a Demand for Payment)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1577">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百九十六条　仮執行の宣言を付した支払督促に対し督促異議の申立てがないとき、又は督促異議の申立てを却下する決定が確定したときは、支払督促は、確定判決と同一の効力を有する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 396 If no objection to a demand is lodged in respect of a demand for the payment bearing a declaration of provisional execution, or if a ruling dismissing an objection to a demand without prejudice becomes final and binding, the demand for the payment has the same effect as a final and binding judgment.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1578">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第二章　電子情報処理組織による督促手続の特則</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Chapter II Special Provisions on Demand Procedures That Are Handled Using Electronic Data Processing Systems</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1579">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（電子情報処理組織による支払督促の申立て）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Applying for a Demand for Payment Using Electronic Date Processing Systems)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1580">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百九十七条　電子情報処理組織を用いて督促手続を取り扱う裁判所として最高裁判所規則で定める簡易裁判所（以下この章において「指定簡易裁判所」という。）の裁判所書記官に対しては、第三百八十三条の規定による場合のほか、同条に規定する簡易裁判所が別に最高裁判所規則で定める簡易裁判所である場合にも、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、電子情報処理組織を用いて支払督促の申立てをすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 397 An electronic data processing system may be used as provided by the Rules of the Supreme Court to file an application for a demand for the payment with the court clerk of a summary court specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as a court that handles demand procedures using an electronic data processing system (hereinafter referred to as a "designated summary court" in this Chapter), not only in a case as prescribed in Article 383, but also if the summary court prescribed in that Article is a summary court separately provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1581">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百九十八条　第百三十二条の十第一項本文の規定により電子情報処理組織を用いてされた支払督促の申立てに係る督促手続における支払督促に対し適法な督促異議の申立てがあったときは、督促異議に係る請求については、その目的の価額に従い、当該支払督促の申立ての時に、第三百八十三条に規定する簡易裁判所で支払督促を発した裁判所書記官の所属するもの若しくは前条の別に最高裁判所規則で定める簡易裁判所又はその所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に訴えの提起があったものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 398 (1) If, in demand procedures involving an application for a demand for the payment that is filed, pursuant to the provisions of the main clause of Article 132-10, paragraph (1), using an electronic data processing systems, a lawful objection to a demand is lodged against the relevant demand for the payment, an action is deemed to have been filed, at the time that the application for the demand for the payment was filed and for the claim to which the objection to the demand pertains, with the summary court as provided for in Article 383, to which the court clerk issuing the demand for payment belongs, or the summary court separately provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court as referred to in the preceding Article, or with the district court of jurisdiction in the locality of either such summary court, depending on the value of the subject matter of the claim.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1582">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の場合において、同項に規定する簡易裁判所又は地方裁判所が二以上あるときは、督促異議に係る請求については、これらの裁判所中に第三百八十三条第一項に規定する簡易裁判所又はその所在地を管轄する地方裁判所がある場合にはその裁判所に、その裁判所がない場合には同条第二項第一号に定める地を管轄する簡易裁判所又はその所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に訴えの提起があったものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) In the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if there are two or more applicable summary or district courts as prescribed in that paragraph, and the summary court as provided for in Article 383, paragraph (1) or the district court of jurisdiction in that locality is among them, the action for the claim to which the objection to the demand pertains is deemed to have been filed there, and if neither of such courts is among them, the action for that claim is deemed to have been filed with the summary court of jurisdiction in the place specified in paragraph (2), item (i) of that Article or the district court of jurisdiction for that locality.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1583">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項の規定にかかわらず、債権者が、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、第一項に規定する簡易裁判所又は地方裁判所のうち、一の簡易裁判所又は地方裁判所を指定したときは、その裁判所に訴えの提起があったものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Notwithstanding the provision of the preceding paragraph, if the creditor, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, has designated a summary court or district court from among the summary courts or district courts as provided for in paragraph (1), the action is deemed to have been filed with that court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1584">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（電子情報処理組織による処分の告知）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Issuing Notice of a Disposition Using Electronic Data Processing Systems)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1585">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第三百九十九条　第百三十二条の十第一項本文の規定により電子情報処理組織を用いてされた支払督促の申立てに係る督促手続に関する指定簡易裁判所の裁判所書記官の処分の告知のうち、当該処分の告知に関するこの法律その他の法令の規定により書面等をもってするものとされているものについては、当該法令の規定にかかわらず、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、電子情報処理組織を用いてすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 399 (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of the relevant laws and regulations , electronic data processing systems may be used pursuant to the Rules of the Supreme Court to issue notice of a disposition that the court clerk of a designated summary court reaches with respect to demand procedures involving an application for a demand for the payment that has been filed, pursuant to the provision of the main clause of Article 132-10, paragraph (1), using electronic data processing systems, if pursuant to the provisions of this Code or of other laws and regulations respecting notice of such a disposition, the notice is to be issued in the form of Paper Documents, etc.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1586">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第百三十二条の十第二項から第四項までの規定は、前項の規定により指定簡易裁判所の裁判所書記官がする処分の告知について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 132-10, paragraphs (2) to (4) apply mutatis mutandis to the notice of a disposition that the court clerk of a designated summary court issues pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1587">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>３　前項において準用する第百三十二条の十第三項の規定にかかわらず、第一項の規定による処分の告知を受けるべき債権者の同意があるときは、当該処分の告知は、裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機に備えられたファイルに当該処分に係る情報が最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより記録され、かつ、その記録に関する通知が当該債権者に対して発せられた時に、当該債権者に到達したものとみなす。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(3) Notwithstanding the provision of Article 132-10, paragraph (3) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, with the consent of the creditor that is to receive the notice of a disposition under the provision of paragraph (1), notice of the disposition is deemed to have arrived with the creditor when information pertaining to the relevant disposition is been recorded, pursuant to the Rules of the Supreme Court, onto a file stored on a Computer used by the court, and notice of such record is issued to the creditor.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1588">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（電磁的記録による作成等）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Creation of Documents in the Form of Electronic or Magnetic Records)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1589">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四百条　指定簡易裁判所の裁判所書記官は、第百三十二条の十第一項本文の規定により電子情報処理組織を用いてされた支払督促の申立てに係る督促手続に関し、この法律その他の法令の規定により裁判所書記官が書面等の作成等（作成又は保管をいう。以下この条及び次条第一項において同じ。）をすることとされているものについては、当該法令の規定にかかわらず、書面等の作成等に代えて、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、当該書面等に係る電磁的記録の作成等をすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 400 (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of the relevant laws and regulations, in lieu of creating, etc. (meaning creating or retaining; hereinafter the same applies in this Article and paragraph (1) of the following Article) )Paper Documents, etc. that, pursuant to the provisions of this Code or of other laws and regulations, the court clerk is to create, etc. Paper Documents, etc. in connection with demand procedures involving an application for a demand for the payment that has been filed, pursuant to the provision of the main clause of Article 132-10, paragraph (1), using an electronic data processing systems, the court clerk of a designated summary court may create, etc. an Electronic or Magnetic Record for said Paper Document, etc. pursuant to the Rules of the Supreme Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1590">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第百三十二条の十第二項及び第四項の規定は、前項の規定により指定簡易裁判所の裁判所書記官がする電磁的記録の作成等について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 132-10, paragraphs (2) and (4) apply mutatis mutandis to the creation, etc. of an Electronic or Magnetic Record by the court clerk of a designated summary court pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1591">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（電磁的記録に係る訴訟記録の取扱い）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Treatment of Case Records in the Form of Electronic or Magnetic Records)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1592">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四百一条　督促手続に係る訴訟記録のうち、第百三十二条の十第一項本文の規定により電子情報処理組織を用いてされた申立て等に係る部分又は前条第一項の規定により電磁的記録の作成等がされた部分（以下この条において「電磁的記録部分」と総称する。）について、第九十一条第一項又は第三項の規定による訴訟記録の閲覧等の請求があったときは、指定簡易裁判所の裁判所書記官は、当該指定簡易裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機に備えられたファイルに記録された電磁的記録部分の内容を書面に出力した上、当該訴訟記録の閲覧等を当該書面をもってするものとする。電磁的記録の作成等に係る書類の送達又は送付も、同様とする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 401 (1) If a person has filed a request for inspection, etc. of a case record under the provisions of Article 91, paragraph (1) or (3), and this involves part of the inspection, etc. of a case record that is connected with demand procedures and that pertains to an Petition, etc. that has been filed, pursuant to the main clause of Article 132-10, paragraph (1), using electronic data processing systems, or involves part of the inspection, etc. of a case record that is connected with demand procedures and that has been created, etc., pursuant to paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, as an Electronic or Magnetic Record (hereinafter such parts are collectively referred to as the "electronically or magnetically recorded parts" of a case record in this Article), the court clerk of a designated summary court, after outputting, in the form of a paper document, the contents of the electronically or magnetically recorded parts of the case record that have been recorded into a file maintained on a Computer used by the designated summary court, is to use said paper document for the inspection, etc. of the case record. The same applies to the service or sending of a document created, etc. as an Electronic or Magnetic Record.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1593">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第百三十二条の十第一項本文の規定により電子情報処理組織を用いてされた支払督促の申立てに係る督促手続における支払督促に対し適法な督促異議の申立てがあったときは、第三百九十八条の規定により訴えの提起があったものとみなされる裁判所は、電磁的記録部分の内容を書面に出力した上、当該訴訟記録の閲覧等を当該書面をもってするものとする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) If a lawful objection to a demand is lodged against a demand for the payment in demand procedures involving an application for a demand for the payment that has been filed, pursuant to the provisions of the main clause of Article 132-10, paragraph (1), using electronic data processing systems, the court with which an action is deemed to have been filed pursuant to the provisions of Article 398, after outputting, in the form of a paper document, the contents of the parts comprising Electronic or Magnetic Records, is to use said paper document for the inspection, etc. of the case record.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1594">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（電子情報処理組織による督促手続における所定の方式の書面による支払督促の申立て）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Applying for a Demand for Payment Using a Designated Format of Paper Document, in Demand Procedures That Are Handled Using Electronic Data Processing Systems)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1595">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四百二条　電子情報処理組織（裁判所の使用に係る複数の電子計算機を相互に電気通信回線で接続した電子情報処理組織をいう。）を用いて督促手続を取り扱う裁判所として最高裁判所規則で定める簡易裁判所の裁判所書記官に対しては、第三百八十三条の規定による場合のほか、同条に規定する簡易裁判所が別に最高裁判所規則で定める簡易裁判所である場合にも、最高裁判所規則で定める方式に適合する方式により記載された書面をもって支払督促の申立てをすることができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 402 (1) A paper document prepared in a format that complies with the format specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court may be used to file an application for a demand for the payment with the court clerk of a summary court specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as a court that handles demand procedures using electronic data processing systems (meaning electronic data processing systems that connects multiple Computers used by the court to one another over telecommunication lines), not only in a case as prescribed in Article 383, but also if the summary court prescribed in that Article is a summary court separately provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1596">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第三百九十八条の規定は、前項に規定する方式により記載された書面をもってされた支払督促の申立てに係る督促手続における支払督促に対し適法な督促異議の申立てがあったときについて準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Article 398 apply mutatis mutandis if a lawful objection to a demand is lodged against a demand for the payment in demand procedures that involve an application for a demand for the payment filed by means of a paper document that has been prepared in the format prescribed in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1597">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第八編　執行停止</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Part VIII Stays of Execution</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1598">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（執行停止の裁判）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Judicial Decision for a Stay of Execution)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1599">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四百三条　次に掲げる場合には、裁判所は、申立てにより、決定で、担保を立てさせて、若しくは立てさせないで強制執行の一時の停止を命じ、又はこれとともに、担保を立てて強制執行の開始若しくは続行をすべき旨を命じ、若しくは担保を立てさせて既にした執行処分の取消しを命ずることができる。ただし、強制執行の開始又は続行をすべき旨の命令は、第三号から第六号までに掲げる場合に限り、することができる。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 403 (1) In the following cases, the court, upon petition, may issue a ruling ordering a temporary stay of compulsory execution, with or without requiring a person to provide security, and simultaneously ordering the provision of security and the commencement or continuance of a compulsory execution, or simultaneously ordering a revocation of executive measures already taken while requiring a person to provide security; provided, however, that the court may only issue an order to commence or continue a compulsory execution in the cases set forth in items (iii) to (vi):</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1600">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>一　第三百二十七条第一項（第三百八十条第二項において準用する場合を含む。次条において同じ。）の上告又は再審の訴えの提起があった場合において、不服の理由として主張した事情が法律上理由があるとみえ、事実上の点につき疎明があり、かつ、執行により償うことができない損害が生ずるおそれがあることにつき疎明があったとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(i) an appeal as referred to in Article 327, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 380, paragraph (2); the same applies in the following Article) or a demand for a retrial is filed, there appear to be legal grounds for the circumstances being alleged to be used as grounds for protest and the party makes a prima facie showing in respect of a point of fact involving those circumstances, and the party makes a prima facie showing that execution risks causing damage that it would not be possible to compensate;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1601">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>二　仮執行の宣言を付した判決に対する上告の提起又は上告受理の申立てがあった場合において、原判決の破棄の原因となるべき事情及び執行により償うことができない損害を生ずるおそれがあることにつき疎明があったとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(ii) a final appeal or a Petition for the Acceptance of a Final Appeal is filed against a judgment bearing a declaration of provisional execution, and the party makes a prima facie showing in respect of circumstances under which the judgment in prior instance would be reversed and a prima facie showing that execution risks causing damage that it would not be possible to compensate;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1602">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>三　仮執行の宣言を付した判決に対する控訴の提起又は仮執行の宣言を付した支払督促に対する督促異議の申立て（次号の控訴の提起及び督促異議の申立てを除く。）があった場合において、原判決若しくは支払督促の取消し若しくは変更の原因となるべき事情がないとはいえないこと又は執行により著しい損害を生ずるおそれがあることにつき疎明があったとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iii) an appeal to the court of second instance is filed against a judgment bearing a declaration of provisional execution, or an objection to a demand is filed against a demand for the payment bearing a declaration of provisional execution (other than an appeal to the court of second instance and an objection to a demand as referred to in the following item), and the party makes a prima facie showing that it is impossible to assert that no circumstances exist that would constitute cause to reverse or change the judgment in the prior instance or the demand for the payment, or makes a prima facie showing that execution risks causing substantial damage;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1603">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>四　手形又は小切手による金銭の支払の請求及びこれに附帯する法定利率による損害賠償の請求について、仮執行の宣言を付した判決に対する控訴の提起又は仮執行の宣言を付した支払督促に対する督促異議の申立てがあった場合において、原判決又は支払督促の取消し又は変更の原因となるべき事情につき疎明があったとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(iv) an appeal to the court of second instance is filed against a judgment bearing a declaration of provisional execution, or an objection to a demand is filed against a demand for the payment bearing a declaration of provisional execution, on a claim for the payment of money for a bill or note or for a check and any on incidental claim for damages at the statutory interest rate, and the party makes a prima facie showing in respect of circumstances that would constitute cause to reverse or change the judgment in the prior instance or the demand for the payment;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1604">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>五　仮執行の宣言を付した手形訴訟若しくは小切手訴訟の判決に対する異議の申立て又は仮執行の宣言を付した少額訴訟の判決に対する異議の申立てがあった場合において、原判決の取消し又は変更の原因となるべき事情につき疎明があったとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(v) an objection is filed against a judgment in an action on a bill or note or action on a check bearing a declaration of provisional execution, or an objection is filed against a judgment in a small claims action bearing a declaration of provisional execution, and the party makes a prima facie showing in respect of circumstances that would constitute cause to reverse or change the judgment in the prior instance;</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1605">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>六　第百十七条第一項の訴えの提起があった場合において、変更のため主張した事情が法律上理由があるとみえ、かつ、事実上の点につき疎明があったとき。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(vi) an action as referred to in Article 117, paragraph (1) is filed, there appear to be legal grounds for the circumstances being alleged to be used for a modification, and the party makes a prima facie showing in respect of a point of fact involving those circumstances.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1606">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項に規定する申立てについての裁判に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) No protest may be entered against a judicial decision on a petition prescribed in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1607">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（原裁判所による裁判）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Judicial Decision by the Court of Prior Instance)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1608">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四百四条　第三百二十七条第一項の上告の提起、仮執行の宣言を付した判決に対する上告の提起若しくは上告受理の申立て又は仮執行の宣言を付した判決に対する控訴の提起があった場合において、訴訟記録が原裁判所に存するときは、その裁判所が、前条第一項に規定する申立てについての裁判をする。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 404 (1) If the appeal as referred to in Article 327, paragraph (1) is filed, a final appeal or a Petition for the Acceptance of Final Appeal is filed against a judgment bearing a declaration of provisional execution, or an appeal to the court of second instance is filed against a judgment bearing a declaration of provisional execution, and the case record is stored at the court of prior instance, that court reaches a judicial decision on the petition prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1609">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　前項の規定は、仮執行の宣言を付した支払督促に対する督促異議の申立てがあった場合について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provision of the preceding paragraph applies mutatis mutandis if an objection to a demand is filed against a demand for the payment bearing a declaration of provisional execution.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1610">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>（担保の提供）</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(Provision of Security)</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1611">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>第四百五条　この編の規定により担保を立てる場合において、供託をするには、担保を立てるべきことを命じた裁判所又は執行裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の管轄区域内の供託所にしなければならない。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>Article 405 (1) If a party provides security pursuant to the provisions of this Part, in depositing it, the party shall use the official depository located in the territorial jurisdiction of the district court of jurisdiction in the locality of the court that has ordered the party to provide the security or of the execution court.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20240202T031755Z" tuid="1612">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja-JP">
        <seg>２　第七十六条、第七十七条、第七十九条及び第八十条の規定は、前項の担保について準用する。</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en-US">
        <seg>(2) The provisions of Articles 76, 77, 79, and 80 apply mutatis mutandis to the security as referred to in the preceding paragraph.</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
  </body>
</tmx>
