民事訴訟法(平成八年法律第百九号)
Code of Civil Procedure(Act No. 109 of 1996)
最終更新:平成二十三年法律第三十六号
Last Version: Act No. 36 of 2011
TOC
History
-
▶Main Provision
-
▶Part I General Provisions
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
-
▶Part II Litigation Proceedings in the First Instance
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
▶
-
-
August 17, 2023
- Last Version: Act No. 48 of 2022
- Translated Date: July 4, 2023
- Dictionary Version: 16.0
-
March 27, 2017
- Last Version: Act No. 36 of 2011
- Translated Date: March 22, 2012
- Dictionary Version: 6.0
-
March 21, 2013
- Last Version: Act No. 109 of 2006
- Translated Date: April 1, 2009
- Dictionary Version: 3.0
民事訴訟法
|
Code of Civil Procedure
|
平成八年六月二十六日法律第百九号
|
Act No. 109 of June 26, 1996
|
目次
|
Table of Contents
|
第一編 総則
|
Part I General Provisions
|
第一章 通則(第一条―第三条)
|
Chapter I General Rules(Articles 1 to 3)
|
第二章 裁判所
|
Chapter II The Courts
|
第一節 日本の裁判所の管轄権(第三条の二―第三条の十二)
|
Section 1 Jurisdiction of the Japanese Courts(Articles 3-2 to 3-12)
|
第二節 管轄(第四条―第二十二条)
|
Section 2 Jurisdiction(Articles 4 to 22)
|
第三節 裁判所職員の除斥及び忌避(第二十三条―第二十七条)
|
Section 3 Disqualifying or Challenging a Court Official(Articles 23 to 27)
|
第三章 当事者
|
Chapter III The Parties
|
第一節 当事者能力及び訴訟能力(第二十八条―第三十七条)
|
Section 1 Capacity as a Party and Capacity to Sue or Be Sued(Articles 28 to 37)
|
第二節 共同訴訟(第三十八条―第四十一条)
|
Section 2 Joint Litigation(Articles 38 to 41)
|
第三節 訴訟参加(第四十二条―第五十三条)
|
Section 3 Intervention(Articles 42 to 53)
|
第四節 訴訟代理人及び補佐人(第五十四条―第六十条)
|
Section 4 Litigation Representatives and Assistants in Court(Articles 54 to 60)
|
第四章 訴訟費用
|
Chapter IV Court Costs
|
第一節 訴訟費用の負担(第六十一条―第七十四条)
|
Section 1 Burden of Court Costs(Articles 61 to 74)
|
第二節 訴訟費用の担保(第七十五条―第八十一条)
|
Section 2 Security for Court Costs(Articles 75 to 81)
|
第三節 訴訟上の救助(第八十二条―第八十六条)
|
Section 3 Legal Aid(Articles 82 to 86)
|
第五章 訴訟手続
|
Chapter V Litigation Proceedings
|
第一節 訴訟の審理等(第八十七条―第九十二条)
|
Section 1 Trial Litigation(Articles 87 to 92)
|
第二節 専門委員等
|
Section 2 Technical Advisers
|
第一款 専門委員(第九十二条の二―第九十二条の七)
|
Subsection 1 Technical Advisers(Articles 92-2 to 92-7)
|
第二款 知的財産に関する事件における裁判所調査官の事務等(第九十二条の八・第九十二条の九)
|
Subsection 2 Function of a Judicial Research Official in a Case Involving Intellectual Property(Articles 92-8 and 92-9)
|
第三節 期日及び期間(第九十三条―第九十七条)
|
Section 3 Court Dates and Time Frames(Articles 93 to 97)
|
第四節 送達(第九十八条―第百十三条)
|
Section 4 Service(Articles 98 to 113)
|
第五節 裁判(第百十四条―第百二十三条)
|
Section 5 Judicial Decisions(Articles 114 to 123)
|
第六節 訴訟手続の中断及び中止(第百二十四条―第百三十二条)
|
Section 6 Continuance or Suspension of Litigation Proceedings(Articles 124 to 132)
|
第六章 訴えの提起前における証拠収集の処分等(第百三十二条の二―第百三十二条の九)
|
Chapter VI Dispositions on the Collection of Evidence Prior to the Filing of an Action(Articles 132-2 to 132-9)
|
第七章 電子情報処理組織による申立て等(第百三十二条の十)
|
Chapter VII Filing Petitions,Through Electronic Data Processing Systems(Article 132-10)
|
第二編 第一審の訴訟手続
|
Part II Litigation Proceedings in the First Instance
|
第一章 訴え(第百三十三条―第百四十七条)
|
Chapter I Actions(Articles 133 to 147)
|
第二章 計画審理(第百四十七条の二・第百四十七条の三)
|
Chapter II Planned Trials(Articles 147-2 and 147-3)
|
第三章 口頭弁論及びその準備
|
Chapter III Oral Arguments and Preparation Therefor
|
第一節 口頭弁論(第百四十八条―第百六十条)
|
Section 1 Oral Arguments(Articles 148 to 160)
|
第二節 準備書面等(第百六十一条―第百六十三条)
|
Section 2 Briefs(Articles 161 to 163)
|
第三節 争点及び証拠の整理手続
|
Section 3 Proceedings for Arranging Issues and Evidence
|
第一款 準備的口頭弁論(第百六十四条―第百六十七条)
|
Subsection 1 Preliminary Oral Arguments(Articles 164 to 167)
|
第二款 弁論準備手続(第百六十八条―第百七十四条)
|
Subsection 2 Preparatory Proceedings(Articles 168 to 174)
|
第三款 書面による準備手続(第百七十五条―第百七十八条)
|
Subsection 3 Written Preparatory Proceedings(Articles 175 to 178)
|
第四章 証拠
|
Chapter IV Evidence
|
第一節 総則(第百七十九条―第百八十九条)
|
Section 1 General Provisions(Articles 179 to 189)
|
第二節 証人尋問(第百九十条―第二百六条)
|
Section 2 Examination of Witnesses(Articles 190 to 206)
|
第三節 当事者尋問(第二百七条―第二百十一条)
|
Section 3 Examination of the Parties(Articles 207 to 211)
|
第四節 鑑定(第二百十二条―第二百十八条)
|
Section 4 Expert Testimony(Articles 212 to 218)
|
第五節 書証(第二百十九条―第二百三十一条)
|
Section 5 Documentary Evidence(Articles 219 to 231)
|
第六節 検証(第二百三十二条・第二百三十三条)
|
Section 6 Inspection of Evidence(Articles 232 and 233)
|
第七節 証拠保全(第二百三十四条―第二百四十二条)
|
Section 7 Preservation of Evidence(Articles 234 to 242)
|
第五章 判決(第二百四十三条―第二百六十条)
|
Chapter V Judgment(Articles 243 to 260)
|
第六章 裁判によらない訴訟の完結(第二百六十一条―第二百六十七条)
|
Chapter VI Conclusion of Litigation Other Than by Judicial Decision(Articles 261 to 267)
|
第七章 大規模訴訟等に関する特則(第二百六十八条―第二百六十九条の二)
|
Chapter VII Special Provisions on Large-Scale Litigation(Articles 268 to 269-2)
|
第八章 簡易裁判所の訴訟手続に関する特則(第二百七十条―第二百八十条)
|
Chapter VIII Special Provisions on Litigation Proceedings in Summary Court(Articles 270 to 280)
|
第三編 上訴
|
Part III Appeals
|
第一章 控訴(第二百八十一条―第三百十条の二)
|
Chapter I Appeals to the Court of Second Instance(Articles 281 to 310-2)
|
第二章 上告(第三百十一条―第三百二十七条)
|
Chapter II Final Appeals(Articles 311 to 327)
|
第三章 抗告(第三百二十八条―第三百三十七条)
|
Chapter III Appeal Against a Ruling(Articles 328 to 337)
|
第四編 再審(第三百三十八条―第三百四十九条)
|
Part IV Retrial(Articles 338 to 349)
|
第五編 手形訴訟及び小切手訴訟に関する特則(第三百五十条―第三百六十七条)
|
Part V Special Provisions on Actions on Bills or Notes and Actions on Checks(Articles 350 to 367)
|
第六編 少額訴訟に関する特則(第三百六十八条―第三百八十一条)
|
Part VI Special Provisions on Small Claims Actions(Articles 368 to 381)
|
第七編 督促手続
|
Part VII Demand Procedures
|
第一章 総則(第三百八十二条―第三百九十六条)
|
Chapter I General Provisions(Articles 382 to 396)
|
第二章 電子情報処理組織による督促手続の特則(第三百九十七条―第四百二条)
|
Chapter II Special Provisions on Demand Procedures That Are Handled Using Electronic Data Processing Systems(Articles 397 to 402)
|
第八編 執行停止(第四百三条―第四百五条)
|
Part VIII Stays of Execution(Articles 403 to 405)
|
附 則
|
Supplementary Provisions
|
第一編 総則
|
Part I General Provisions
|
第一章 通則
|
Chapter I General Rules
|
(趣旨)
|
(Purpose)
|
第一条民事訴訟に関する手続については、他の法令に定めるもののほか、この法律の定めるところによる。
|
Article 1Beyond what is provided for in other laws and regulations, procedure in civil litigation is governed by the provisions of this Code.
|
(裁判所及び当事者の責務)
|
(Responsibilities of the Courts and the Parties)
|
第二条裁判所は、民事訴訟が公正かつ迅速に行われるように努め、当事者は、信義に従い誠実に民事訴訟を追行しなければならない。
|
Article 2The courts shall endeavor to ensure that civil litigation is conducted fairly and expeditiously, and the parties shall conduct that litigation in good faith.
|
(最高裁判所規則)
|
(Rules of the Supreme Court)
|
第三条この法律に定めるもののほか、民事訴訟に関する手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
|
Article 3Beyond what is provided for in this Code, necessary particulars in connection with procedure in civil litigation are prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
|
第二章 裁判所
|
Chapter II The Courts
|
第一節 日本の裁判所の管轄権
|
Section 1 Jurisdiction of the Japanese Courts
|
(被告の住所等による管轄権)
|
(Jurisdiction Based on the Defendant's Domicile)
|
第三条の二裁判所は、人に対する訴えについて、その住所が日本国内にあるとき、住所がない場合又は住所が知れない場合にはその居所が日本国内にあるとき、居所がない場合又は居所が知れない場合には訴えの提起前に日本国内に住所を有していたとき(日本国内に最後に住所を有していた後に外国に住所を有していたときを除く。)は、管轄権を有する。
|
Article 3-2(1)The courts have jurisdiction over an action that is brought against a person domiciled in Japan; against a person without a domicile or of domicile unknown, whose residence is in Japan; and against a person without a residence or of residence unknown, who was domiciled in Japan before the action was filed (unless the person has been domiciled in a foreign country after last being domiciled in Japan).
|
(3)The courts have jurisdiction over an action that is brought against a corporation or any other association or foundation whose principal office or business office is located in Japan, and against a corporation, association, or foundation without a business office or other office, or with a business office or other office of unknown location, whose representative or other person principally in charge of its business is domiciled in Japan.
|
|
(契約上の債務に関する訴え等の管轄権)
|
(Jurisdiction over an Action Involving a Contractual Obligation)
|
第三条の三次の各号に掲げる訴えは、それぞれ当該各号に定めるときは、日本の裁判所に提起することができる。
|
Article 3-3An action set forth in one of the following items may be filed with the Japanese courts in the case specified in said item:
|
一契約上の債務の履行の請求を目的とする訴え又は契約上の債務に関して行われた事務管理若しくは生じた不当利得に係る請求、契約上の債務の不履行による損害賠償の請求その他契約上の債務に関する請求を目的とする訴え契約において定められた当該債務の履行地が日本国内にあるとき、又は契約において選択された地の法によれば当該債務の履行地が日本国内にあるとき。
|
(i)an action on a claim for performance of a contractual obligation; on a claim involving benevolent intervention in another's affairs that has been done, or unjust enrichment that has arisen, in connection with a contractual obligation; on a claim for damages due to nonperformance of a contractual obligation; or on any other claim involving a contractual obligation:if the contractually specified place for performance of the obligation is within Japan, or if the law of the place adopted under the contract gives a place within Japan as the place for performance of the obligation;
|
二手形又は小切手による金銭の支払の請求を目的とする訴え手形又は小切手の支払地が日本国内にあるとき。
|
(ii)an action on a claim for the payment of monies for a bill or note or for a check:if the place for payment of the bill or note or for the check is within Japan;
|
三財産権上の訴え請求の目的が日本国内にあるとき、又は当該訴えが金銭の支払を請求するものである場合には差し押さえることができる被告の財産が日本国内にあるとき(その財産の価額が著しく低いときを除く。)。
|
(iii)an action on a property right:if the subject matter of the claim is located within Japan, or if the action is a claim for the payment of monies, and seizable property of the defendant is located within Japan (except when the value of such property is extremely low);
|
四事務所又は営業所を有する者に対する訴えでその事務所又は営業所における業務に関するもの当該事務所又は営業所が日本国内にあるとき。
|
(iv)an action against a person with an office or a business office, which is filed in connection with the business conducted at that person's office or business office:if said office or business office is located within Japan;
|
五日本において事業を行う者(日本において取引を継続してする外国会社(会社法(平成十七年法律第八十六号)第二条第二号に規定する外国会社をいう。)を含む。)に対する訴え当該訴えがその者の日本における業務に関するものであるとき。
|
(v)an action against a person that conducts business in Japan (including a foreign company (meaning a foreign company as prescribed in Article 2, item (ii) of the Companies Act (Act No. 86 of 2005)) that continually carries out transactions in Japan):if said action involves the business that the person conducts in Japan;
|
六船舶債権その他船舶を担保とする債権に基づく訴え船舶が日本国内にあるとき。
|
(vi)an action based on a ship claim or any other claim secured by a ship:if the ship is located within Japan;
|
七会社その他の社団又は財団に関する訴えで次に掲げるもの 社団又は財団が法人である場合にはそれが日本の法令により設立されたものであるとき、法人でない場合にはその主たる事務所又は営業所が日本国内にあるとき。
|
(vii)one of the following actions involving a company or any other association or foundation: if the association or foundation is a corporation and it is incorporated pursuant to the laws and regulations of Japan, or if the association or foundation is not a corporation but its principal office or business office is located within Japan:
|
イ会社その他の社団からの社員若しくは社員であった者に対する訴え、社員からの社員若しくは社員であった者に対する訴え又は社員であった者からの社員に対する訴えで、社員としての資格に基づくもの
|
(a)an action brought by a company or any other association against its member or a person that was its member, an action brought by one member against another member or against a person that was a member, or an action brought by a person that was a member against a member, which is based on the relevant person's status as a member;
|
ロ社団又は財団からの役員又は役員であった者に対する訴えで役員としての資格に基づくもの
|
(b)an action brought by an association or foundation against its officer or a person that was its officer, which is based on the person's status as an officer;
|
ハ会社からの発起人若しくは発起人であった者又は検査役若しくは検査役であった者に対する訴えで発起人又は検査役としての資格に基づくもの
|
(c)an action brought by a company against its incorporator or a person that was its incorporator, or against its inspector or a person that was its inspector, which is based on the person's status as an incorporator or inspector;
|
ニ会社その他の社団の債権者からの社員又は社員であった者に対する訴えで社員としての資格に基づくもの
|
(d)an action brought by a company's or other association's creditor against its member or a person that was its member, which is based on the person's status as a member.
|
八不法行為に関する訴え不法行為があった地が日本国内にあるとき(外国で行われた加害行為の結果が日本国内で発生した場合において、日本国内におけるその結果の発生が通常予見することのできないものであったときを除く。)。
|
(viii)an action for a tort:if the place where the tort occurred is within Japan (excluding if the consequences of a wrongful act committed in a foreign country have arisen within Japan but it would not ordinarily have been possible to foresee those consequences arising within Japan);
|
九船舶の衝突その他海上の事故に基づく損害賠償の訴え損害を受けた船舶が最初に到達した地が日本国内にあるとき。
|
(ix)an action for damages due to the collision of a ship or any other accident at sea:if the first place where the damaged ship docked is within Japan;
|
十海難救助に関する訴え海難救助があった地又は救助された船舶が最初に到達した地が日本国内にあるとき。
|
(x)an action related to a maritime rescue:if the place where the maritime rescue took place or the first place where the salvaged ship docked is within Japan;
|
十一不動産に関する訴え不動産が日本国内にあるとき。
|
(xi)an action related to real property:if the real property is located within Japan;
|
十二相続権若しくは遺留分に関する訴え又は遺贈その他死亡によって効力を生ずべき行為に関する訴え相続開始の時における被相続人の住所が日本国内にあるとき、住所がない場合又は住所が知れない場合には相続開始の時における被相続人の居所が日本国内にあるとき、居所がない場合又は居所が知れない場合には被相続人が相続開始の前に日本国内に住所を有していたとき(日本国内に最後に住所を有していた後に外国に住所を有していたときを除く。)。
|
(xii)an action related to a right of inheritance or legitime, or an action related to a legacy or any other act that comes into effect upon a person's death:if at the time of the opening of the succession, the decedent was domiciled in Japan; if at the time of the opening of the succession, the decedent was without a domicile or was of domicile unknown, but had a residence in Japan; or if at the time of the opening of the succession, the decedent was without a residence or was of residence unknown, but before the opening of the succession, the decedent had been domiciled in Japan (unless the decedent was domiciled in a foreign country after last being domiciled in Japan;
|
十三相続債権その他相続財産の負担に関する訴えで前号に掲げる訴えに該当しないもの同号に定めるとき。
|
(xiii)an action involving a claim against a succession or any other charge on an estate which does not fall under the category of an action set forth in the preceding item:as specified in that item.
|
(消費者契約及び労働関係に関する訴えの管轄権)
|
(Jurisdiction over Actions Involving Consumer Contracts and Labor Relations)
|
第三条の四消費者(個人(事業として又は事業のために契約の当事者となる場合におけるものを除く。)をいう。以下同じ。)と事業者(法人その他の社団又は財団及び事業として又は事業のために契約の当事者となる場合における個人をいう。以下同じ。)との間で締結される契約(労働契約を除く。以下「消費者契約」という。)に関する消費者からの事業者に対する訴えは、訴えの提起の時又は消費者契約の締結の時における消費者の住所が日本国内にあるときは、日本の裁判所に提起することができる。
|
Article 3-4(1)An action involving a contract concluded between a Consumer (meaning an individual (except for an individual that becomes a party to a contract as a part of a business undertaking or for business purposes); the same applies hereinafter) and an Enterprise (meaning a corporation or any other association or foundation or an individual that becomes a party to a contract as a part of a business undertaking or for business purposes; the same applies hereinafter) (this excludes a labor contract; hereinafter referred to as a "Consumer Contract"), which is brought by the Consumer against the Enterprise, may be filed with the Japanese courts if the Consumer is domiciled in Japan at the time the action is filed or at the time the Consumer Contract is concluded.
|
(2)An action involving a dispute over a civil matter that arises between an individual worker and that worker's employer with regard to the existence or absence of a labor contract or any other particulars of their labor relations (hereinafter referred to as an "Individual Civil Labor Dispute"),which is brought by the worker against the employer, may be filed with the Japanese courts if the place where the labor is to be provided as per the labor contract to which the Individual Civil Labor Dispute pertains (or if such a place is not established, the location of the place of business that hired the worker) is within Japan.
|
|
(管轄権の専属)
|
(Exclusive Jurisdiction)
|
第三条の五会社法第七編第二章に規定する訴え(同章第四節及び第六節に規定するものを除く。)、一般社団法人及び一般財団法人に関する法律(平成十八年法律第四十八号)第六章第二節に規定する訴えその他これらの法令以外の日本の法令により設立された社団又は財団に関する訴えでこれらに準ずるものの管轄権は、日本の裁判所に専属する。
|
Article 3-5(1)Actions prescribed in Part VII, Chapter II of the Companies Act (excluding those prescribed in Sections 4 and 6 of that Chapter), actions prescribed in Chapter VI, Section 2 of the Act on General Incorporated Associations and General Incorporated Foundations (Act No. 48 of 2006), and other actions equivalent thereto involving associations or foundations incorporated pursuant to Japanese laws and regulations other than those Acts, are under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Japanese courts.
|
3知的財産権(知的財産基本法(平成十四年法律第百二十二号)第二条第二項に規定する知的財産権をいう。)のうち設定の登録により発生するものの存否又は効力に関する訴えの管轄権は、その登録が日本においてされたものであるときは、日本の裁判所に専属する。
|
(3)An action about the existence or absence or the validity of an intellectual property right (meaning an intellectual property right as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (2) of the Intellectual Property Basic Act (Act No. 122 of 2002)) that arises through a registration establishing that intellectual property right is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Japanese courts if that registration was made in Japan.
|
(併合請求における管轄権)
|
(Jurisdiction over a Joint Claim)
|
第三条の六一の訴えで数個の請求をする場合において、日本の裁判所が一の請求について管轄権を有し、他の請求について管轄権を有しないときは、当該一の請求と他の請求との間に密接な関連があるときに限り、日本の裁判所にその訴えを提起することができる。ただし、数人からの又は数人に対する訴えについては、第三十八条前段に定める場合に限る。
|
Article 3-6If multiple claims are involved in a single action and the Japanese courts have jurisdiction over one of those claims and no jurisdiction over the others, the action may be filed with the Japanese courts only if the one claim is closely connected with the other claims; provided, however, that with regard to an action brought by multiple persons or an action brought against multiple persons, this applies only in the case specified in the first sentence of Article 38.
|
(管轄権に関する合意)
|
(Agreement on Jurisdiction)
|
第三条の七当事者は、合意により、いずれの国の裁判所に訴えを提起することができるかについて定めることができる。
|
Article 3-7(1)Parties may establish, by agreement, the country in which they are permitted to file an action with the courts.
|
(3)If Electronic or Magnetic Records (meaning records used in computer data processing which are created in electronic form, magnetic form, or any other form that is otherwise impossible to perceive through the human senses alone; the same applies hereinafter) in which the content of the agreement is recorded are used to execute the agreement as referred to in paragraph (1), the agreement is deemed to have been executed by means of a paper document and the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply.
|
|
一消費者契約の締結の時において消費者が住所を有していた国の裁判所に訴えを提起することができる旨の合意(その国の裁判所にのみ訴えを提起することができる旨の合意については、次号に掲げる場合を除き、その国以外の国の裁判所にも訴えを提起することを妨げない旨の合意とみなす。)であるとき。
|
(i)if the agreement provides that an action may be filed with the courts of the country where the Consumer was domiciled at the time the Consumer Contract was concluded (except in the case set forth in the following item, any agreement that an action may be filed only with a court of such a country is deemed not to preclude the filing of an action with a court of any other country);
|
二消費者が当該合意に基づき合意された国の裁判所に訴えを提起したとき、又は事業者が日本若しくは外国の裁判所に訴えを提起した場合において、消費者が当該合意を援用したとき。
|
(ii)if the Consumer, in accordance with said agreement, has filed an action with the courts of the agreed-upon country, or if an Enterprise has filed an action with the Japanese courts or with the courts of a foreign country and the Consumer has invoked said agreement.
|
一労働契約の終了の時にされた合意であって、その時における労務の提供の地がある国の裁判所に訴えを提起することができる旨を定めたもの(その国の裁判所にのみ訴えを提起することができる旨の合意については、次号に掲げる場合を除き、その国以外の国の裁判所にも訴えを提起することを妨げない旨の合意とみなす。)であるとき。
|
(i)if the agreement is made at the time a labor contract ends, and establishes that an action may be filed with the courts of the country where the place that the labor was being provided as of that time is located (except in the case set forth in the following item, an agreement that an action may be filed only with the courts of such a country is deemed not to preclude the filing of an action with the courts of any other country);
|
二労働者が当該合意に基づき合意された国の裁判所に訴えを提起したとき、又は事業主が日本若しくは外国の裁判所に訴えを提起した場合において、労働者が当該合意を援用したとき。
|
(ii)if the worker, in accordance with said agreement, files an action with the courts of the agreed-upon country; or if the enterprise files an action with the Japanese courts or with the courts of a foreign country and the worker invokes said agreement.
|
(応訴による管轄権)
|
(Jurisdiction Based on Appearance)
|
第三条の八被告が日本の裁判所が管轄権を有しない旨の抗弁を提出しないで本案について弁論をし、又は弁論準備手続において申述をしたときは、裁判所は、管轄権を有する。
|
Article 3-8If the defendant presents an oral argument on the merits of the case or enters a statement in preparatory proceedings without entering the affirmative defense that the Japanese courts lack jurisdiction, the courts have jurisdiction.
|
(特別の事情による訴えの却下)
|
(Dismissal without Prejudice Due to Special Circumstances)
|
第三条の九裁判所は、訴えについて日本の裁判所が管轄権を有することとなる場合(日本の裁判所にのみ訴えを提起することができる旨の合意に基づき訴えが提起された場合を除く。)においても、事案の性質、応訴による被告の負担の程度、証拠の所在地その他の事情を考慮して、日本の裁判所が審理及び裁判をすることが当事者間の衡平を害し、又は適正かつ迅速な審理の実現を妨げることとなる特別の事情があると認めるときは、その訴えの全部又は一部を却下することができる。
|
Article 3-9Even when the Japanese courts have jurisdiction over an action (except when an action is filed based on an agreement that only permits an action to be filed with the Japanese courts), the court may dismiss the whole or part of an action without prejudice if it finds that there are special circumstances because of which, if the Japanese courts were to conduct a trial and reach a judicial decision in the action, it would be inequitable to either party or prevent a fair and speedy trial, in consideration of the nature of the case, the degree of burden that the defendant would have to bear in responding to the action, the location of evidence, and other circumstances.
|
(管轄権が専属する場合の適用除外)
|
(Exclusion from Application in the Case of Exclusive Jurisdiction)
|
第三条の十第三条の二から第三条の四まで及び第三条の六から前条までの規定は、訴えについて法令に日本の裁判所の管轄権の専属に関する定めがある場合には、適用しない。
|
Article 3-10The provisions of Articles 3-2 to 3-4 and Articles 3-6 to the preceding Article do not apply if law or regulation provides for the exclusive jurisdiction of the Japanese courts over the action in question.
|
(職権証拠調べ)
|
(Examination of Evidence by the Court Sua Sponte)
|
第三条の十一裁判所は、日本の裁判所の管轄権に関する事項について、職権で証拠調べをすることができる。
|
Article 3-11A court may conduct an examination of the evidence sua sponte with regard to matters that concern the jurisdiction of the Japanese courts.
|
(管轄権の標準時)
|
(Basis of Timing for Determining Jurisdiction)
|
第三条の十二日本の裁判所の管轄権は、訴えの提起の時を標準として定める。
|
Article 3-12Whether the Japanese courts have jurisdiction is determined on the basis of the time at which an action is filed.
|
第二節 管轄
|
Section 2 Jurisdiction
|
(普通裁判籍による管轄)
|
(Jurisdiction by General Venue)
|
第四条訴えは、被告の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する裁判所の管轄に属する。
|
Article 4(1)An action is subject to the jurisdiction of the court of jurisdiction in the locality that constitutes the general venue for an action against the defendant.
|
(2)The general venue for an action against a natural person is determined by the person's domicile; by the person's residence, if the person is not domiciled in Japan or is of domicile unknown; or by the person's last domicile in Japan, if the person does not have a residence in Japan or is of residence unknown.
|
|
(3)If there is no general venue pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph for an action against an ambassador, minister, or any other Japanese national in a foreign country who enjoys immunity from the jurisdiction of that country, the general venue for an action against that person is deemed to be the general venue in the locality specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
|
|
(4)The general venue for an action against a corporation or any other association or foundation is determined by the location of its principal office or business office; or by the domicile of its representative or any other principal person in charge of its business, if it has no business office or other office.
|
|
(5)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the general venue for an action against a foreign association or foundation is determined by the location of its principal office or business office in Japan; or by the domicile of its representative or any other principal person in charge of its business in Japan, if it has no business office or other office in Japan.
|
|
(財産権上の訴え等についての管轄)
|
(Jurisdiction over an Action Involving Property Rights)
|
第五条次の各号に掲げる訴えは、それぞれ当該各号に定める地を管轄する裁判所に提起することができる。
|
Article 5An action set forth in one of the following items may be filed with the court of jurisdiction in the place specified in said item:
|
一財産権上の訴え義務履行地
|
(i)an action involving a property right:the place of performance of the obligation;
|
二手形又は小切手による金銭の支払の請求を目的とする訴え手形又は小切手の支払地
|
(ii)an action on a claim for payment of monies for a bill or note or for a check:the place of payment of the bill or note or for the check;
|
三船員に対する財産権上の訴え船舶の船籍の所在地
|
(iii)an action involving a property right against a mariner:a location in the ship's country of registration;
|
四日本国内に住所(法人にあっては、事務所又は営業所。以下この号において同じ。)がない者又は住所が知れない者に対する財産権上の訴え請求若しくはその担保の目的又は差し押さえることができる被告の財産の所在地
|
(iv)an action involving a property right against a person that is not domiciled in Japan (or a corporation with no business office or other office in Japan; hereinafter the same applies in this item) or that is of domicile unknown:the location of the subject matter of the claim or the subject matter of the security against the claim, or of any seizable property of the defendant;
|
五事務所又は営業所を有する者に対する訴えでその事務所又は営業所における業務に関するもの当該事務所又は営業所の所在地
|
(v)an action against a person with an office or business office, which is filed in connection with the business conducted at the person's office or business office:the location of said office or business office;
|
六船舶所有者その他船舶を利用する者に対する船舶又は航海に関する訴え船舶の船籍の所在地
|
(vi)an action related to a ship or to travel by sea which is filed against the shipowner or other person using the ship:a location in the ship's country of registration;
|
七船舶債権その他船舶を担保とする債権に基づく訴え船舶の所在地
|
(vii)an action based on a ship claim or any other claim secured by a ship:the location of the ship;
|
八会社その他の社団又は財団に関する訴えで次に掲げるもの 社団又は財団の普通裁判籍の所在地
|
(viii)the following actions involving a company or any other association or foundation: the locality that constitutes the general venue for an action against the association or foundation:
|
イ会社その他の社団からの社員若しくは社員であった者に対する訴え、社員からの社員若しくは社員であった者に対する訴え又は社員であった者からの社員に対する訴えで、社員としての資格に基づくもの
|
(a)an action brought by a company or other association against its member or a person that was its member; an action brought by one member against another member or against a person that was a member; or an action brought by a person that was a member against a member; which is based on the relevant person's status as a member;
|
ロ社団又は財団からの役員又は役員であった者に対する訴えで役員としての資格に基づくもの
|
(b)an action brought by an association or foundation against its officer or a person that was its officer, which is based on the person's status as an officer;
|
ハ会社からの発起人若しくは発起人であった者又は検査役若しくは検査役であった者に対する訴えで発起人又は検査役としての資格に基づくもの
|
(c)an action brought by a company against its incorporator or a person that was its incorporator, or against its inspector or a person that was its inspector, which is based on the person's status as an incorporator or inspector;
|
ニ会社その他の社団の債権者からの社員又は社員であった者に対する訴えで社員としての資格に基づくもの
|
(d)an action brought by a company's or any other association's creditor against its member or a person that was its member, which is based on the person's status as a member.
|
九不法行為に関する訴え不法行為があった地
|
(ix)an action for a tort:the place where the tort took place;
|
十船舶の衝突その他海上の事故に基づく損害賠償の訴え損害を受けた船舶が最初に到達した地
|
(x)an action for damages due to the collision of a ship or any other accident at sea:the first place where the damaged ship docked;
|
十一海難救助に関する訴え海難救助があった地又は救助された船舶が最初に到達した地
|
(xi)an action related to a maritime rescue:the place where the maritime rescue took place or the first place where the salvaged ship docked;
|
十二不動産に関する訴え不動産の所在地
|
(xii)an action related to real property:the location of the real property;
|
十三登記又は登録に関する訴え登記又は登録をすべき地
|
(xiii)an action related to a registration:the place where the registration is required to be made;
|
十四相続権若しくは遺留分に関する訴え又は遺贈その他死亡によって効力を生ずべき行為に関する訴え相続開始の時における被相続人の普通裁判籍の所在地
|
(xiv)an action related to a right of inheritance or an heir's statutory reserved share, or an action related to a testamentary gift or any other act that becomes valid upon a person's death:the locality that constituted the general venue for an action involving the decedent as of the time that inheritance commenced;
|
十五相続債権その他相続財産の負担に関する訴えで前号に掲げる訴えに該当しないもの同号に定める地
|
(xv)an action involving a claim against an inheritance or any other encumbrance on inheritance property, which does not fall under the category of an action set forth in the preceding item:the place specified in that item.
|
(特許権等に関する訴え等の管轄)
|
(Jurisdiction over an Action Involving a Patent Right)
|
第六条特許権、実用新案権、回路配置利用権又はプログラムの著作物についての著作者の権利に関する訴え(以下「特許権等に関する訴え」という。)について、前二条の規定によれば次の各号に掲げる裁判所が管轄権を有すべき場合には、その訴えは、それぞれ当該各号に定める裁判所の管轄に専属する。
|
Article 6(1)In an action involving a patent right, utility model right, a layout-design exploitation right for an integrated circuit, or an author's right to a work of computer programming (hereinafter referred to as an "Action Involving a Patent Right, etc."), if a court listed in the first portion of either of the following items would have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two Articles, the action is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the court specified in the latter portion of said item:
|
一東京高等裁判所、名古屋高等裁判所、仙台高等裁判所又は札幌高等裁判所の管轄区域内に所在する地方裁判所東京地方裁判所
|
(i)a district court located within the territorial jurisdiction of the Tokyo High Court, the Nagoya High Court, the Sendai High Court, or the Sapporo High Court:the Tokyo District Court;
|
二大阪高等裁判所、広島高等裁判所、福岡高等裁判所又は高松高等裁判所の管轄区域内に所在する地方裁判所大阪地方裁判所
|
(ii)a district court located within the territorial jurisdiction of the Osaka High Court, the Hiroshima High Court, the Fukuoka High Court, or the Takamatsu High Court:the Osaka District Court.
|
(2)In an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc., if a summary court located within the territorial jurisdiction of a court listed in the first portion of one of the items of the preceding paragraph would have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two Articles, the action may also be filed with the court specified in the latter portion of said item.
|
|
(3)An appeal to the court of second instance against a final judgment that the court specified in paragraph (1), item (ii) has entered as the court of first instance in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc., is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Tokyo High Court; provided, however, that this does not apply to an appeal to the court of second instance against a final judgment in an action if litigation has been transferred pursuant to the provisions of Article 20-2, paragraph (1).
|
|
(意匠権等に関する訴えの管轄)
|
(Jurisdiction over an Action Involving a Design Right)
|
第六条の二意匠権、商標権、著作者の権利(プログラムの著作物についての著作者の権利を除く。)、出版権、著作隣接権若しくは育成者権に関する訴え又は不正競争(不正競争防止法(平成五年法律第四十七号)第二条第一項に規定する不正競争をいう。)による営業上の利益の侵害に係る訴えについて、第四条又は第五条の規定により次の各号に掲げる裁判所が管轄権を有する場合には、それぞれ当該各号に定める裁判所にも、その訴えを提起することができる。
|
Article 6-2With regard to an action involving design rights, trademark rights, author's rights (excluding author's rights to a work of computer programming), publishing rights, neighboring rights, or breeder's rights, or an action for infringement of a business interest due to unfair competition (meaning unfair competition as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act (Act No. 47 of 1993)), if a court listed in the first portion of either of the following items has jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of Article 4 or Article 5, the action may also be filed with the court specified in the latter portion of said item:
|
一前条第一項第一号に掲げる裁判所(東京地方裁判所を除く。)東京地方裁判所
|
(i)a court set forth in paragraph (1), item (i) of the preceding Article (other than the Tokyo District Court):the Tokyo District Court;
|
二前条第一項第二号に掲げる裁判所(大阪地方裁判所を除く。)大阪地方裁判所
|
(ii)a court set forth in paragraph (1), item (ii) of the preceding Article (other than the Osaka District Court):the Osaka District Court.
|
(併合請求における管轄)
|
(Jurisdiction over a Joint Claim)
|
第七条一の訴えで数個の請求をする場合には、第四条から前条まで(第六条第三項を除く。)の規定により一の請求について管轄権を有する裁判所にその訴えを提起することができる。ただし、数人からの又は数人に対する訴えについては、第三十八条前段に定める場合に限る。
|
Article 7If multiple claims are involved in a single action, the action may be filed with a court that, pursuant to the provisions of Article 4 to the preceding Article (excluding Article 6, paragraph (3)), has jurisdiction over one of those claims; provided, however, that with regard to an action brought by two or more persons or an action brought against two or more persons, this applies only in the case specified in the first sentence of Article 38.
|
(訴訟の目的の価額の算定)
|
(Calculation of the Value of the Subject Matter of Litigation)
|
第八条裁判所法(昭和二十二年法律第五十九号)の規定により管轄が訴訟の目的の価額により定まるときは、その価額は、訴えで主張する利益によって算定する。
|
Article 8(1)If jurisdiction is determined by the value of the subject matter of litigation pursuant to the Court Act (Act No. 59 of 1947), the value is calculated on the basis of the interest alleged in the action.
|
(併合請求の場合の価額の算定)
|
(Calculation of the Value in a Joint Claim)
|
第九条一の訴えで数個の請求をする場合には、その価額を合算したものを訴訟の目的の価額とする。ただし、その訴えで主張する利益が各請求について共通である場合におけるその各請求については、この限りでない。
|
Article 9(1)If multiple claims are involved in a single action, the total value of the claims is the value of the subject matter of litigation; provided, however, that this does not apply to each claim if the interest alleged in the action is common to all claims.
|
(管轄裁判所の指定)
|
(Designation of the Court of Jurisdiction)
|
第十条管轄裁判所が法律上又は事実上裁判権を行うことができないときは、その裁判所の直近上級の裁判所は、申立てにより、決定で、管轄裁判所を定める。
|
Article 10(1)If the court of jurisdiction is unable to exercise its jurisdiction by law or in fact, the immediate superior court issues a ruling designating the court of jurisdiction, upon petition.
|
(管轄裁判所の特例)
|
(Special Provisions on the Court of Jurisdiction)
|
第十条の二前節の規定により日本の裁判所が管轄権を有する訴えについて、この法律の他の規定又は他の法令の規定により管轄裁判所が定まらないときは、その訴えは、最高裁判所規則で定める地を管轄する裁判所の管轄に属する。
|
Article 10-2With regard to an action over which the Japanese courts have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Section, if the court of jurisdiction is not determined pursuant to other provisions of this Code or provisions of other laws and regulations, the action is under the jurisdiction of the court of jurisdiction in the locality specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
|
(管轄の合意)
|
(Agreement on Jurisdiction)
|
第十一条当事者は、第一審に限り、合意により管轄裁判所を定めることができる。
|
Article 11(1)The parties may determine the court of jurisdiction by agreement, but only in the first instance.
|
(応訴管轄)
|
(Jurisdiction by Appearance)
|
第十二条被告が第一審裁判所において管轄違いの抗弁を提出しないで本案について弁論をし、又は弁論準備手続において申述をしたときは、その裁判所は、管轄権を有する。
|
Article 12If a defendant presents an oral argument on the merits of the case or enters a statement in preparatory proceedings before the court of first instance without entering a defense of lack of jurisdiction, that court has jurisdiction.
|
(専属管轄の場合の適用除外等)
|
(Exclusion from Application Due to Exclusive Jurisdiction)
|
第十三条第四条第一項、第五条、第六条第二項、第六条の二、第七条及び前二条の規定は、訴えについて法令に専属管轄の定めがある場合には、適用しない。
|
Article 13(1)The provisions of Article 4, paragraph (1); Article 5; Article 6, paragraph (2); Article 6-2; Article 7; and the preceding two Articles do not apply if exclusive jurisdiction over an action is provided for by law or regulation.
|
(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if a court stipulated in the first portion of either of the items of Article 6, paragraph (1) is to have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of Article 7 or the preceding two Articles over an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc., that court has jurisdiction over the action, pursuant to the provisions of Article 7 or the preceding two Articles.
|
|
(職権証拠調べ)
|
(Examination of Evidence by the Court Sua Sponte)
|
第十四条裁判所は、管轄に関する事項について、職権で証拠調べをすることができる。
|
Article 14The court may conduct an examination of evidence sua sponte with regard to matters that concern jurisdiction.
|
(管轄の標準時)
|
(Basis of Timing for Determining Jurisdiction)
|
第十五条裁判所の管轄は、訴えの提起の時を標準として定める。
|
Article 15Whether a court has jurisdiction is determined on the basis of the time at which an action is filed.
|
(管轄違いの場合の取扱い)
|
(Handling of Lack of Jurisdiction)
|
第十六条裁判所は、訴訟の全部又は一部がその管轄に属しないと認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、これを管轄裁判所に移送する。
|
Article 16(1)If the court finds that the whole or part of litigation is not subject to its jurisdiction, it transfers the litigation sua sponte to the court of jurisdiction.
|
(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, even if the litigation is subject to the jurisdiction of a summary court that is under its territorial jurisdiction, the district court, upon petition or sua sponte, may conduct the trial and reach a judicial decision itself for the whole or part of the litigation, if it finds this to be appropriate; provided, however, that this does not apply if the litigation is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of such a summary court (excluding exclusive jurisdiction determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11).
|
|
(遅滞を避ける等のための移送)
|
(Transfer to Avoid Delay)
|
第十七条第一審裁判所は、訴訟がその管轄に属する場合においても、当事者及び尋問を受けるべき証人の住所、使用すべき検証物の所在地その他の事情を考慮して、訴訟の著しい遅滞を避け、又は当事者間の衡平を図るため必要があると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、訴訟の全部又は一部を他の管轄裁判所に移送することができる。
|
Article 17Even if the litigation is subject to its jurisdiction, the court of first instance, upon petition or sua sponte, may transfer the whole or part of the litigation to another court of jurisdiction if it finds this to be necessary in order to avoid a substantial delay in litigation or to ensure equity between the parties, in consideration of the domicile of each party and witnesses to be examined, the location of any object to be inspected that is to be used, and any other circumstances.
|
(簡易裁判所の裁量移送)
|
(Discretionary Transfer by the Summary Court)
|
第十八条簡易裁判所は、訴訟がその管轄に属する場合においても、相当と認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、訴訟の全部又は一部をその所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に移送することができる。
|
Article 18Even if the litigation is subject to its jurisdiction, a summary court, upon petition or sua sponte, may transfer the whole or part of litigation to the district court of jurisdiction in that locality, if it finds this to be appropriate.
|
(必要的移送)
|
(Mandatory Transfer)
|
第十九条第一審裁判所は、訴訟がその管轄に属する場合においても、当事者の申立て及び相手方の同意があるときは、訴訟の全部又は一部を申立てに係る地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所に移送しなければならない。ただし、移送により著しく訴訟手続を遅滞させることとなるとき、又はその申立てが、簡易裁判所からその所在地を管轄する地方裁判所への移送の申立て以外のものであって、被告が本案について弁論をし、若しくは弁論準備手続において申述をした後にされたものであるときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 19(1)If a party petitions and the adverse party consents, the court of first instance shall transfer the whole or part of litigation to the district court or summary court under that petition, even if the litigation is subject to its jurisdiction; provided, however, that this does not apply if the transfer would substantially delay litigation proceedings or if the petition is filed after the defendant has presented an oral argument on the merits of the case or entered a statement in preparatory proceedings, and if the petition is not for a transfer from the summary court to the district court of jurisdiction in that locality.
|
(2)At the petition of the defendant in litigation involving real property that is under the jurisdiction of the summary court, the summary court shall transfer the whole or part of litigation to the district court of jurisdiction in that locality; provided, however, that this does not apply if the defendant has presented an oral argument on the merits of the case before filing that petition.
|
|
(専属管轄の場合の移送の制限)
|
(Restriction on Transfer If There Is Exclusive Jurisdiction)
|
第二十条前三条の規定は、訴訟がその係属する裁判所の専属管轄(当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。)に属する場合には、適用しない。
|
Article 20(1)The provisions of the preceding three Articles do not apply if the litigation is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the court before which it is pending (except exclusive jurisdiction determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11).
|
(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if litigation in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc. is to be transferred to a court specified in either item of Article 6, paragraph (1) pursuant to the provisions of Article 17 or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the provisions of Article 17 or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article apply.
|
|
(特許権等に関する訴え等に係る訴訟の移送)
|
(Transfer of Litigation in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc.)
|
第二十条の二第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所は、特許権等に関する訴えに係る訴訟が同項の規定によりその管轄に専属する場合においても、当該訴訟において審理すべき専門技術的事項を欠くことその他の事情により著しい損害又は遅滞を避けるため必要があると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、訴訟の全部又は一部を第四条、第五条若しくは第十一条の規定によれば管轄権を有すべき地方裁判所又は第十九条第一項の規定によれば移送を受けるべき地方裁判所に移送することができる。
|
Article 20-2(1)Even if the litigation in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc. is under the exclusive jurisdiction of a court specified in either item of Article 6, paragraph (1) pursuant to the provisions of the same paragraph, the court, upon petition or sua sponte, may transfer the whole or part of litigation to the district court that has jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of Article 4, 5, or 11 or the district court that shall accept litigation transferred thereto pursuant to the provisions of Article 19, paragraph (1), if the court finds this to be necessary in order to avoid substantial harm or delay due to its lack of ability to try a specialized and technical matter that is to be tried through the litigation, or due to other circumstances.
|
(2)At the filing an appeal to the court of second instance as mentioned in Article 6, paragraph (3), the Tokyo High Court, upon petition or sua sponte, may transfer the whole or part of litigation to the Osaka High Court, if it finds this to be necessary in order to avoid substantial harm or delay due to its lack of ability to try a specialized and technical matter that is to be tried by the court of second instance, or due to other circumstances.
|
|
(即時抗告)
|
(Immediate Appeals)
|
第二十一条移送の決定及び移送の申立てを却下した決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
|
Article 21An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling to transfer litigation or a ruling to dismiss a petition without prejudice for transfer.
|
(移送の裁判の拘束力等)
|
(Binding Effect of a Judicial Decision for a Transfer)
|
第二十二条確定した移送の裁判は、移送を受けた裁判所を拘束する。
|
Article 22(1)A judicial decision for a transfer which has become final and binding is binding on the court that has accepted the transferred case.
|
第三節 裁判所職員の除斥及び忌避
|
Section 3 Disqualifying or Challenging a Court Official
|
(裁判官の除斥)
|
(Disqualifying a Judge)
|
第二十三条裁判官は、次に掲げる場合には、その職務の執行から除斥される。ただし、第六号に掲げる場合にあっては、他の裁判所の嘱託により受託裁判官としてその職務を行うことを妨げない。
|
Article 23(1)In the following cases, a judge is disqualified from performing the duties of a judge; provided, however, that in the case set forth in item (vi), this does not preclude a judge from performing duties as a commissioned judge based on a commission from another court:
|
一裁判官又はその配偶者若しくは配偶者であった者が、事件の当事者であるとき、又は事件について当事者と共同権利者、共同義務者若しくは償還義務者の関係にあるとき。
|
(i)if the judge, or the judge's spouse or former spouse, is a party to the case, or is related to a party to the case as a joint obligee, joint obligor, or obligor for redemption;
|
二裁判官が当事者の四親等内の血族、三親等内の姻族若しくは同居の親族であるとき、又はあったとき。
|
(ii)if the judge is or was formerly the relative of a party to the case within the fourth degree of consanguinity or the third degree of affinity, or is or was formerly the cohabiting relative of a party to the case;
|
三裁判官が当事者の後見人、後見監督人、保佐人、保佐監督人、補助人又は補助監督人であるとき。
|
(iii)if the judge is the guardian, supervisor of the guardian, curator, supervisor of the curator, assistant, or supervisor of the assistant of a party to the case;
|
四裁判官が事件について証人又は鑑定人となったとき。
|
(iv)if the judge becomes a witness or expert in the case;
|
五裁判官が事件について当事者の代理人又は補佐人であるとき、又はあったとき。
|
(v)if a judge is or was formerly a party's representative or assistant in court in the case;
|
六裁判官が事件について仲裁判断に関与し、又は不服を申し立てられた前審の裁判に関与したとき。
|
(vi)if the judge participated in granting an arbitral award in the case or participated in reaching the judicial decision in the prior instance against which an appeal has been entered.
|
(裁判官の忌避)
|
(Challenging a Judge)
|
第二十四条裁判官について裁判の公正を妨げるべき事情があるときは、当事者は、その裁判官を忌避することができる。
|
Article 24(1)If there are circumstances involving a judge which could prejudice the impartiality of a judicial decision, a party may challenge that judge.
|
(2)Once a party has presented an oral argument or entered a statement in preparatory proceedings before a judge, the party may not challenge that judge; provided, however, that this does not apply if the party did not know of the existence of any grounds for challenge at that time or if the grounds for the challenge occur thereafter.
|
|
(除斥又は忌避の裁判)
|
(Judicial Decisions Regarding a Disqualification or Challenge)
|
第二十五条合議体の構成員である裁判官及び地方裁判所の一人の裁判官の除斥又は忌避についてはその裁判官の所属する裁判所が、簡易裁判所の裁判官の除斥又は忌避についてはその裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が、決定で、裁判をする。
|
Article 25(1)The judicial decision on the disqualification of or challenge against a judge who is a member of a judicial panel or against a single district court judge is reached in the form of a ruling by the court to which the judge belongs, and the judicial decision on the disqualification of or challenge against a summary court judge is reached in the form of a ruling by the district court of jurisdiction in that locality.
|
(訴訟手続の停止)
|
(Stay of Litigation Proceedings)
|
第二十六条除斥又は忌避の申立てがあったときは、その申立てについての決定が確定するまで訴訟手続を停止しなければならない。ただし、急速を要する行為については、この限りでない。
|
Article 26If a petition to disqualify or challenge is filed, litigation proceedings shall be stayed until the ruling on the petition becomes final and binding; provided, however, that this does not apply with respect to any act requiring urgency.
|
(裁判所書記官への準用)
|
(Mutatis Mutandis Application to Court Clerks)
|
第二十七条この節の規定は、裁判所書記官について準用する。この場合においては、裁判は、裁判所書記官の所属する裁判所がする。
|
Article 27The provisions of this Section apply mutatis mutandis to court clerks. This being the case, the judicial decision is reached by the court to which the court clerk belongs.
|
第三章 当事者
|
Chapter III The Parties
|
第一節 当事者能力及び訴訟能力
|
Section 1 Capacity as a Party and Capacity to Sue or Be Sued
|
(原則)
|
(Principles)
|
第二十八条当事者能力、訴訟能力及び訴訟無能力者の法定代理は、この法律に特別の定めがある場合を除き、民法(明治二十九年法律第八十九号)その他の法令に従う。訴訟行為をするのに必要な授権についても、同様とする。
|
Article 28Except as otherwise provided for in this Code, capacity as a party, the capacity to sue or be sued, and the statutory representation of a person lacking the capacity to sue or be sued are governed by the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896) and other laws and regulations. The same applies to the delegation of the powers necessary for performing procedural acts.
|
(法人でない社団等の当事者能力)
|
(A Non-Corporate Association's or Foundation's Capacity as a Party)
|
第二十九条法人でない社団又は財団で代表者又は管理人の定めがあるものは、その名において訴え、又は訴えられることができる。
|
Article 29An association or foundation that is not a corporation and that has a designated representative or administrator may sue or be sued in the name of that representative or administrator.
|
(選定当事者)
|
(Appointed Party)
|
第三十条共同の利益を有する多数の者で前条の規定に該当しないものは、その中から、全員のために原告又は被告となるべき一人又は数人を選定することができる。
|
Article 30(1)Persons with a common interest that do not fall under the provisions of the preceding Article may appoint one or more persons from among themselves to stand as the plaintiff or defendant on behalf of all.
|
(2)If, after litigation becomes pending before the court, a person is appointed to stand as the plaintiff or defendant pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, any plaintiff other than the party appointed to stand as the plaintiff or any defendant other than the party appointed to stand as the defendant is automatically withdrawn from the litigation.
|
|
(4)A person that has appointed a party to stand as the plaintiff or defendant pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as an "Appointer") may rescind the appointment or change the party thus appointed (hereinafter referred to as the "Appointed Party").
|
|
(未成年者及び成年被後見人の訴訟能力)
|
(Minors' and Adult Wards' Capacity to Sue and Be Sued)
|
第三十一条未成年者及び成年被後見人は、法定代理人によらなければ、訴訟行為をすることができない。ただし、未成年者が独立して法律行為をすることができる場合は、この限りでない。
|
Article 31A minor or an adult ward may not perform any procedural act except through a statutory agent; provided, however, that this does not apply if the minor may perform juridical acts independently.
|
(被保佐人、被補助人及び法定代理人の訴訟行為の特則)
|
(Special Provisions on Procedural Acts by Persons under Curatorship, Persons under Assistance, and Statutory Agents)
|
第三十二条被保佐人、被補助人(訴訟行為をすることにつきその補助人の同意を得ることを要するものに限る。次項及び第四十条第四項において同じ。)又は後見人その他の法定代理人が相手方の提起した訴え又は上訴について訴訟行為をするには、保佐人若しくは保佐監督人、補助人若しくは補助監督人又は後見監督人の同意その他の授権を要しない。
|
Article 32(1)A person under curatorship, a person under assistance (limited to a person that is required to obtain consent from the assistant to perform procedural acts; the same applies in the following paragraph and Article 40, paragraph (4)), or a guardian or any other statutory agent is not required to obtain consent or the delegation of powers from the curator or supervisor of the curator, assistant or supervisor of the assistant, or supervisor of the guardian in order to perform a procedural act with regard to an action or appeal filed by an adverse party.
|
一訴えの取下げ、和解、請求の放棄若しくは認諾又は第四十八条(第五十条第三項及び第五十一条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による脱退
|
(i)withdrawing an action, entering into a settlement, waiving or acknowledging a claim, or withdrawing from litigation pursuant to the provisions of Article 48 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 50, paragraph (3) and Article 51);
|
二控訴、上告又は第三百十八条第一項の申立ての取下げ
|
(ii)withdrawing an appeal to the court of second instance, a final appeal, or the petition as referred to in Article 318, paragraph (1);
|
三第三百六十条(第三百六十七条第二項及び第三百七十八条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による異議の取下げ又はその取下げについての同意
|
(iii)withdrawing an objection under the provisions of Article 360 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 367, paragraph (2) and Article 378, paragraph (2)) or consenting to such a withdrawal.
|
(外国人の訴訟能力の特則)
|
(Special Provisions on Foreign Nationals' Capacity to Sue and Be Sued)
|
第三十三条外国人は、その本国法によれば訴訟能力を有しない場合であっても、日本法によれば訴訟能力を有すべきときは、訴訟能力者とみなす。
|
Article 33Even if a foreign national does not have the capacity to sue or be sued pursuant to the laws of the home country, the foreign national is deemed to have the capacity to sue or be sued if such is the case pursuant to Japanese law.
|
(訴訟能力等を欠く場合の措置等)
|
(Measures If a Person Lacks Capacity to Sue or Be Sued)
|
第三十四条訴訟能力、法定代理権又は訴訟行為をするのに必要な授権を欠くときは、裁判所は、期間を定めて、その補正を命じなければならない。この場合において、遅滞のため損害を生ずるおそれがあるときは、裁判所は、一時訴訟行為をさせることができる。
|
Article 34(1)If a person lacks the capacity to sue or be sued, authority of statutory representation, or delegation of powers that is necessary for performing a procedural act, the court shall order this to be corrected within a specified time frame. In such a case, if there is a risk of damage arising from a delay, the court may have such a person perform procedural acts on a temporary basis.
|
(2)A procedural act performed by a person who lacks the capacity to sue or be sued, the authority of statutory representation, or the delegation of powers that is necessary for performing that procedural act, becomes valid, retroactive to the time of the act, once ratified by a party or statutory agent that has come to satisfy such requirements.
|
|
(特別代理人)
|
(Special Agents)
|
第三十五条法定代理人がない場合又は法定代理人が代理権を行うことができない場合において、未成年者又は成年被後見人に対し訴訟行為をしようとする者は、遅滞のため損害を受けるおそれがあることを疎明して、受訴裁判所の裁判長に特別代理人の選任を申し立てることができる。
|
Article 35(1)If there is no statutory agent or if a statutory agent is unable to exercise the authority of representation, a person seeking to perform a procedural act against a minor or adult ward may request the presiding judge of the court in charge of the case to appoint a special agent, by making a prima facie showing of the risk that the person will incur damage if there is a delay.
|
(法定代理権の消滅の通知)
|
(Notice of Lapse of the Authority of Statutory Representation)
|
第三十六条法定代理権の消滅は、本人又は代理人から相手方に通知しなければ、その効力を生じない。
|
Article 36(1)The lapse of the authority of statutory representation does not become valid until the principal or the agent notifies the adverse party thereof.
|
(法人の代表者等への準用)
|
(Mutatis Mutandis Application to the Representative of a Corporation)
|
第三十七条この法律中法定代理及び法定代理人に関する規定は、法人の代表者及び法人でない社団又は財団でその名において訴え、又は訴えられることができるものの代表者又は管理人について準用する。
|
Article 37In this Code, the provisions concerning a statutory agent and statutory representation apply mutatis mutandis to the representative of a corporation and to the representative or administrator of an association or foundation that is not a corporation but can sue or be sued in its own name.
|
第二節 共同訴訟
|
Section 2 Joint Litigation
|
(共同訴訟の要件)
|
(Requirements for Joint Litigation)
|
第三十八条訴訟の目的である権利又は義務が数人について共通であるとき、又は同一の事実上及び法律上の原因に基づくときは、その数人は、共同訴訟人として訴え、又は訴えられることができる。訴訟の目的である権利又は義務が同種であって事実上及び法律上同種の原因に基づくときも、同様とする。
|
Article 38If rights or obligations that are the subject matter of litigation are common to two or more persons or are based on the same factual or statutory causes, these persons may sue or be sued as co-litigants. The same applies if rights or obligations that are the subject matter of litigation are of the same kind and based on the same kind of factual or statutory causes.
|
(共同訴訟人の地位)
|
(Status of Co-Litigants)
|
第三十九条共同訴訟人の一人の訴訟行為、共同訴訟人の一人に対する相手方の訴訟行為及び共同訴訟人の一人について生じた事項は、他の共同訴訟人に影響を及ぼさない。
|
Article 39A procedural act performed by one of the co-litigants, a procedural act performed against one of the co-litigants by the adverse party, and any matter arising with regard to one of the co-litigants does not affect any other co-litigant.
|
(必要的共同訴訟)
|
(Mandatory Joint Litigation)
|
第四十条訴訟の目的が共同訴訟人の全員について合一にのみ確定すべき場合には、その一人の訴訟行為は、全員の利益においてのみその効力を生ずる。
|
Article 40(1)If the subject matter of litigation is to be determined for all co-litigants only as a unified matter, procedural acts performed by one of them become valid only in the interests of all of the co-litigants.
|
(4)The provisions of Article 32, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis, in the case prescribed in paragraph (1), to procedural acts that a co-litigant who is a person under curatorship or person under assistance, or a guardian or other statutory agent shall perform in an appeal filed by one of the co-litigants.
|
|
(同時審判の申出がある共同訴訟)
|
(Joint Litigation Involving a Request for a Simultaneous Trial and Decision)
|
第四十一条共同被告の一方に対する訴訟の目的である権利と共同被告の他方に対する訴訟の目的である権利とが法律上併存し得ない関係にある場合において、原告の申出があったときは、弁論及び裁判は、分離しないでしなければならない。
|
Article 41(1)If a right that is the subject matter of litigation for one codefendant and a right that is the subject matter of litigation for another codefendant cannot legally coexist and the plaintiff so requests, oral arguments shall be held and judicial decisions reached without instituting separate litigation.
|
第三節 訴訟参加
|
Section 3 Intervention
|
(補助参加)
|
(Supporting Intervention)
|
第四十二条訴訟の結果について利害関係を有する第三者は、当事者の一方を補助するため、その訴訟に参加することができる。
|
Article 42A third party with an interest in the outcome of litigation may intervene in the litigation in order to assist either party.
|
(補助参加の申出)
|
(Application for Supporting Intervention)
|
第四十三条補助参加の申出は、参加の趣旨及び理由を明らかにして、補助参加により訴訟行為をすべき裁判所にしなければならない。
|
Article 43(1)An application for supporting intervention shall clarify the purpose and the grounds for the intervention, and shall be filed with the court where procedural acts in that supporting intervention are required to be performed.
|
(補助参加についての異議等)
|
(Objection to Supporting Intervention)
|
第四十四条当事者が補助参加について異議を述べたときは、裁判所は、補助参加の許否について、決定で、裁判をする。この場合においては、補助参加人は、参加の理由を疎明しなければならない。
|
Article 44(1)If a party objects to a supporting intervention, the court reaches a judicial decision, in the form of a ruling, on whether or not to permit the supporting intervention. In such a case, the supporting intervener shall make a prima facie showing of the reasons for the intervention.
|
(補助参加人の訴訟行為)
|
(Procedural Acts by a Supporting Intervener)
|
第四十五条補助参加人は、訴訟について、攻撃又は防御の方法の提出、異議の申立て、上訴の提起、再審の訴えの提起その他一切の訴訟行為をすることができる。ただし、補助参加の時における訴訟の程度に従いすることができないものは、この限りでない。
|
Article 45(1)A supporting intervener may present allegations and evidence, file an objection, file an appeal, file a demand for a retrial, or perform any other procedural act in the litigation in question; provided, however, that this does not apply to procedural acts that the supporting intervener may not perform due to the progress of the litigation at the time of the supporting intervention.
|
(補助参加人に対する裁判の効力)
|
(Effect of a Judicial Decision against a Supporting Intervener)
|
第四十六条補助参加に係る訴訟の裁判は、次に掲げる場合を除き、補助参加人に対してもその効力を有する。
|
Article 46A judicial decision in litigation that involves a supporting intervention is also effective against the supporting intervener, except in the following cases:
|
一前条第一項ただし書の規定により補助参加人が訴訟行為をすることができなかったとき。
|
(i)if the supporting intervener is unable to perform a procedural act, pursuant to the provisions of the proviso to paragraph (1) of the preceding Article;
|
二前条第二項の規定により補助参加人の訴訟行為が効力を有しなかったとき。
|
(ii)if a procedural act by the supporting intervener is invalid, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article;
|
三被参加人が補助参加人の訴訟行為を妨げたとき。
|
(iii)if the party being supported in the intervention interferes with a procedural act by the supporting intervener;
|
四被参加人が補助参加人のすることができない訴訟行為を故意又は過失によってしなかったとき。
|
(iv)if the party being supported in the intervention intentionally or negligently fails to perform a procedural act that a supporting intervener is not permitted to perform.
|
(独立当事者参加)
|
(Intervention as an Independent Party)
|
第四十七条訴訟の結果によって権利が害されることを主張する第三者又は訴訟の目的の全部若しくは一部が自己の権利であることを主張する第三者は、その訴訟の当事者の双方又は一方を相手方として、当事者としてその訴訟に参加することができる。
|
Article 47(1)A third party asserting that a right will be prejudiced by the outcome of litigation or a third party asserting entitlement to the whole or part of the subject matter of litigation may intervene in the litigation as a party, designating either or both of the parties to the litigation as an adverse party.
|
(4)The provisions of Article 40, paragraphs (1) to (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the parties to litigation set forth in paragraph (1) and a person that has intervened in the litigation pursuant to the provisions of said paragraph; and the provisions of Article 43 apply mutatis mutandis to an application for intervention under the provisions of said paragraph.
|
|
(訴訟脱退)
|
(Original Party's Withdrawal from Litigation)
|
第四十八条前条第一項の規定により自己の権利を主張するため訴訟に参加した者がある場合には、参加前の原告又は被告は、相手方の承諾を得て訴訟から脱退することができる。この場合において、判決は、脱退した当事者に対してもその効力を有する。
|
Article 48If a person has intervened in litigation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article in order to assert that person's own right, the plaintiff or defendant from prior to the intervention may withdraw from the litigation, with the consent of the adverse party. In such a case, the judgment on the litigation is also valid against the withdrawing party.
|
(権利承継人の訴訟参加の場合における時効の中断等)
|
(Interruption of Prescription for Intervention by the Transferee of a Right)
|
第四十九条訴訟の係属中その訴訟の目的である権利の全部又は一部を譲り受けたことを主張して、第四十七条第一項の規定により訴訟参加をしたときは、その参加は、訴訟の係属の初めにさかのぼって時効の中断又は法律上の期間の遵守の効力を生ずる。
|
Article 49If a person has intervened in litigation pursuant to the provisions of Article 47, paragraph (1) by asserting that, while the litigation has been pending, the person has accepted by transfer the whole or part of the right that is the subject matter of litigation, that person's intervention has the effect of interrupting prescription or causing a statutory time frame to be observed, retroactive to the time when the litigation first became pending.
|
(義務承継人の訴訟引受け)
|
(Assumption of Litigation by the Successor of an Obligation)
|
第五十条訴訟の係属中第三者がその訴訟の目的である義務の全部又は一部を承継したときは、裁判所は、当事者の申立てにより、決定で、その第三者に訴訟を引き受けさせることができる。
|
Article 50(1)If, while litigation is pending, a third party succeeds to the whole or part of an obligation that is the subject matter of litigation, the court, at the petition of an original party, may issue a ruling to have such third party assume the litigation.
|
(義務承継人の訴訟参加及び権利承継人の訴訟引受け)
|
(Intervention by the Successor of an Obligation and Assumption of Litigation by the Transferee of a Right)
|
第五十一条第四十七条から第四十九条までの規定は訴訟の係属中その訴訟の目的である義務の全部又は一部を承継したことを主張する第三者の訴訟参加について、前条の規定は訴訟の係属中第三者がその訴訟の目的である権利の全部又は一部を譲り受けた場合について準用する。
|
Article 51The provisions of Articles 47 to 49 apply mutatis mutandis to intervention by a third party that asserts that, while the litigation has been pending, that third party has succeeded to the whole or part of the obligation that is the subject matter of litigation; and the provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis if, while litigation is pending, a third party is transferred the whole or part of a right that is the subject matter of litigation.
|
(共同訴訟参加)
|
(Intervention as a Co-litigant)
|
第五十二条訴訟の目的が当事者の一方及び第三者について合一にのみ確定すべき場合には、その第三者は、共同訴訟人としてその訴訟に参加することができる。
|
Article 52(1)If the subject matter of litigation is to be determined for one of the original parties and a third party only as a unified matter, the third party may intervene in the litigation as a co-litigant.
|
(訴訟告知)
|
(Notice of Litigation)
|
第五十三条当事者は、訴訟の係属中、参加することができる第三者にその訴訟の告知をすることができる。
|
Article 53(1)While litigation is pending, a party may convey notice of the litigation to a third party that is permitted to intervene therein.
|
第四節 訴訟代理人及び補佐人
|
Section 4 Litigation Representatives and Assistants in Court
|
(訴訟代理人の資格)
|
(Qualification as a Litigation Representative)
|
第五十四条法令により裁判上の行為をすることができる代理人のほか、弁護士でなければ訴訟代理人となることができない。ただし、簡易裁判所においては、その許可を得て、弁護士でない者を訴訟代理人とすることができる。
|
Article 54(1)Except for a representative who may act in court pursuant to law or regulation, no person other than an attorney at law may serve as a litigation representative; provided, however, that in summary court, with the court's permission, a person who is not an attorney at law may be named litigation representative.
|
(訴訟代理権の範囲)
|
(Scope of Authority of Representation in Litigation)
|
第五十五条訴訟代理人は、委任を受けた事件について、反訴、参加、強制執行、仮差押え及び仮処分に関する訴訟行為をし、かつ、弁済を受領することができる。
|
Article 55(1)A litigation representative may perform procedural acts involved in a counterclaim, intervention, compulsory execution, provisional seizure, or provisional disposition for a case delegated thereto, and may receive payment.
|
一反訴の提起
|
(i)filing a counterclaim;
|
二訴えの取下げ、和解、請求の放棄若しくは認諾又は第四十八条(第五十条第三項及び第五十一条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による脱退
|
(ii)withdrawing an action, entering into a settlement, waiving or acknowledging a claim, or effecting a withdrawal from litigation under the provisions of Article 48 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 50, paragraph (3) and Article 51);
|
三控訴、上告若しくは第三百十八条第一項の申立て又はこれらの取下げ
|
(iii)filing an appeal to the court of second instance, a final appeal, or the petition as referred to in Article 318, paragraph (1), or withdrawing the same;
|
四第三百六十条(第三百六十七条第二項及び第三百七十八条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による異議の取下げ又はその取下げについての同意
|
(iv)withdrawing an objection under the provisions of Article 360 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 367, paragraph (2) and Article 378, paragraph (2)) or consenting to such withdrawal;
|
五代理人の選任
|
(v)appointing a representative.
|
(個別代理)
|
(Individual Representation)
|
第五十六条訴訟代理人が数人あるときは、各自当事者を代理する。
|
Article 56(1)If there are multiple litigation representatives, each one shall represent a single party.
|
(当事者による更正)
|
(Correction by the Party)
|
第五十七条訴訟代理人の事実に関する陳述は、当事者が直ちに取り消し、又は更正したときは、その効力を生じない。
|
Article 57Statements of fact that are entered by a litigation representative are invalid if immediately retracted or corrected by the party.
|
(訴訟代理権の不消滅)
|
(Non-Extinguishment of Authority of Representation in Litigation)
|
第五十八条訴訟代理権は、次に掲げる事由によっては、消滅しない。
|
Article 58(1)The following grounds do not extinguish the authority of representation in litigation:
|
一当事者の死亡又は訴訟能力の喪失
|
(i)a party's death or loss of capacity to sue or be sued;
|
二当事者である法人の合併による消滅
|
(ii)the disappearance due to merger of a corporation that is a party;
|
三当事者である受託者の信託に関する任務の終了
|
(iii)termination of duties involved in a trust assigned to a trustee that is a party;
|
四法定代理人の死亡、訴訟能力の喪失又は代理権の消滅若しくは変更
|
(iv)a statutory agent's death or loss of capacity to sue or be sued, or extinguishment or modification of the statutory agent's authority of representation.
|
(法定代理の規定の準用)
|
(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Statutory Representation)
|
第五十九条第三十四条第一項及び第二項並びに第三十六条第一項の規定は、訴訟代理について準用する。
|
Article 59The provisions of Article 34, paragraphs (1) and (2) and Article 36, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to representation in litigation.
|
(補佐人)
|
(Assistants in Court)
|
第六十条当事者又は訴訟代理人は、裁判所の許可を得て、補佐人とともに出頭することができる。
|
Article 60(1)A party or litigation representative, with the permission of the court, may appear with an assistant in court.
|
第四章 訴訟費用
|
Chapter IV Court Costs
|
第一節 訴訟費用の負担
|
Section 1 Burden of Court Costs
|
(訴訟費用の負担の原則)
|
(Principle of Burden of Court Costs)
|
第六十一条訴訟費用は、敗訴の当事者の負担とする。
|
Article 61The defeated party bears the court costs.
|
(不必要な行為があった場合等の負担)
|
(Burden of Costs: Unnecessary Acts)
|
第六十二条裁判所は、事情により、勝訴の当事者に、その権利の伸張若しくは防御に必要でない行為によって生じた訴訟費用又は行為の時における訴訟の程度において相手方の権利の伸張若しくは防御に必要であった行為によって生じた訴訟費用の全部又は一部を負担させることができる。
|
Article 62Depending on the circumstances, the court may have the winning party bear all or part of court costs incurred due to any act that was unnecessary for the expansion or defense of the winning party's rights, or court costs incurred due to any act that was necessary, in light of the progress of the litigation as of the time of the act, for the expansion or defense of the adverse party's rights.
|
(訴訟を遅滞させた場合の負担)
|
(Burden of Costs: Delay in Litigation)
|
第六十三条当事者が適切な時期に攻撃若しくは防御の方法を提出しないことにより、又は期日若しくは期間の不遵守その他当事者の責めに帰すべき事由により訴訟を遅滞させたときは、裁判所は、その当事者に、その勝訴の場合においても、遅滞によって生じた訴訟費用の全部又は一部を負担させることができる。
|
Article 63If a party delays litigation due to a failure to present allegations or evidence in a timely manner, failure to keep a court date or observe a time frame, or any other grounds attributable to that party, the court may have that party bear all or part of court costs incurred due to the delay, even if that party wins the case.
|
(一部敗訴の場合の負担)
|
(Burden of Costs: Partial Defeat)
|
第六十四条一部敗訴の場合における各当事者の訴訟費用の負担は、裁判所が、その裁量で定める。ただし、事情により、当事者の一方に訴訟費用の全部を負担させることができる。
|
Article 64In the case of a partial defeat, the burden of court costs on each party is determined by the court at its discretion; provided, however, that depending on the circumstances, the court may have either party bear all court costs.
|
(共同訴訟の場合の負担)
|
(Burden of Costs in Joint Litigation)
|
第六十五条共同訴訟人は、等しい割合で訴訟費用を負担する。ただし、裁判所は、事情により、共同訴訟人に連帯して訴訟費用を負担させ、又は他の方法により負担させることができる。
|
Article 65(1)Co-litigants bear court costs equally; provided, however, that the court, depending on the circumstances, may have co-litigants bear court costs jointly and severally or in any other manner.
|
(補助参加の場合の負担)
|
(Burden of Costs: Supporting Intervention)
|
第六十六条第六十一条から前条までの規定は、補助参加についての異議によって生じた訴訟費用の補助参加人とその異議を述べた当事者との間における負担の関係及び補助参加によって生じた訴訟費用の補助参加人と相手方との間における負担の関係について準用する。
|
Article 66The provisions of Article 61 to the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the bearing of court costs incurred due to an objection to supporting intervention between the supporting intervener and the party that raises the objection, and to the bearing of court costs incurred due to supporting intervention between the supporting intervener and the adverse party.
|
(訴訟費用の負担の裁判)
|
(Judicial Decisions on the Burden of Court Costs)
|
第六十七条裁判所は、事件を完結する裁判において、職権で、その審級における訴訟費用の全部について、その負担の裁判をしなければならない。ただし、事情により、事件の一部又は中間の争いに関する裁判において、その費用についての負担の裁判をすることができる。
|
Article 67(1)In the judicial decision that concludes a case, the court shall reach a judicial decision sua sponte on the bearing of all court costs incurred in the relevant instance; provided, however, that depending on the circumstances, in a judicial decision on part of a case or on an interlocutory dispute, the court may reach a judicial decision on the bearing of those costs.
|
(和解の場合の負担)
|
(Burden of Costs: Settlement)
|
第六十八条当事者が裁判所において和解をした場合において、和解の費用又は訴訟費用の負担について特別の定めをしなかったときは、その費用は、各自が負担する。
|
Article 68If the parties reach a court settlement but make no special stipulations on the bearing of settlement costs or court costs, each party bears its own costs.
|
(法定代理人等の費用償還)
|
(Reimbursement of Costs by a Statutory Agent)
|
第六十九条法定代理人、訴訟代理人、裁判所書記官又は執行官が故意又は重大な過失によって無益な訴訟費用を生じさせたときは、受訴裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、これらの者に対し、その費用額の償還を命ずることができる。
|
Article 69(1)If a statutory agent, litigation representative, court clerk, or court execution officer, intentionally or through gross negligence, gives rise to unnecessary court costs, the court in charge of the case, upon petition or sua sponte, may order that person to reimburse the amount of such costs.
|
(2)If a person performing a procedural act as a statutory agent or litigation representative has failed to prove that the person has the authority of representation or delegation of powers necessary for performing a procedural act and has also failed to have the act ratified, the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to the court costs arising from that procedural act.
|
|
(無権代理人の費用負担)
|
(The Bearing of Costs by an Unauthorized Representative)
|
第七十条前条第二項に規定する場合において、裁判所が訴えを却下したときは、訴訟費用は、代理人として訴訟行為をした者の負担とする。
|
Article 70In a case prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, if the court dismisses an action without prejudice, the person performing procedural acts as a representative bears the court costs.
|
(訴訟費用額の確定手続)
|
(Procedures for Fixing the Amount of Court Costs)
|
第七十一条訴訟費用の負担の額は、その負担の裁判が執行力を生じた後に、申立てにより、第一審裁判所の裁判所書記官が定める。
|
Article 71(1)The amount of court costs to be borne is fixed, upon petition, by the court clerk of the court of first instance after the judicial decision on the bearing of costs becomes enforceable.
|
(和解の場合の費用額の確定手続)
|
(Procedures for Fixing the Amount of Costs in a Settlement)
|
第七十二条当事者が裁判所において和解をした場合において、和解の費用又は訴訟費用の負担を定め、その額を定めなかったときは、その額は、申立てにより、第一審裁判所(第二百七十五条の和解にあっては、和解が成立した裁判所)の裁判所書記官が定める。この場合においては、前条第二項から第七項までの規定を準用する。
|
Article 72If the parties reach a court settlement but make no special stipulations about the bearing of settlement costs or court costs or do not fix the amount of these costs, the amount thereof is fixed, upon petition, by the court clerk of the court of first instance (for a settlement as referred to in Article 275, the court where the settlement is established). In such a case, the provisions of paragraphs (2) to (7) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis.
|
(訴訟が裁判及び和解によらないで完結した場合等の取扱い)
|
(Handling When Litigation Is Concluded Not by Judicial Decision or Settlement)
|
第七十三条訴訟が裁判及び和解によらないで完結したときは、申立てにより、第一審裁判所は決定で訴訟費用の負担を命じ、その裁判所の裁判所書記官はその決定が執行力を生じた後にその負担の額を定めなければならない。補助参加の申出の取下げ又は補助参加についての異議の取下げがあった場合も、同様とする。
|
Article 73(1)If litigation is concluded not by a judicial decision or settlement, the court of first instance, upon petition, shall issue a ruling ordering court costs to be borne, and the court clerk of that court shall fix the amount to be borne after the ruling becomes enforceable. The same applies if an application for supporting intervention is withdrawn or if an objection to supporting intervention is withdrawn.
|
(2)The provisions of Articles 61 to 66 and Article 71, paragraph (7) apply mutatis mutandis to a ruling on a petition under the preceding paragraph; the provisions of Article 71, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to a disposition rendered by the court clerk on a petition under the preceding paragraph, and the provisions of Article 71, paragraphs (4) through (7) apply mutatis mutandis to an objection to such disposition.
|
|
(費用額の確定処分の更正)
|
(Correction of a Disposition Fixing the Amount of Costs)
|
第七十四条第七十一条第一項、第七十二条又は前条第一項の規定による額を定める処分に計算違い、誤記その他これらに類する明白な誤りがあるときは、裁判所書記官は、申立てにより又は職権で、いつでもその処分を更正することができる。
|
Article 74(1)If a miscalculation, clerical error, or any other similar mistake that is clearly an error has been made in a disposition that fixes the amount under the provisions of Article 71, paragraph (1), Article 72 or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the court clerk, upon petition or sua sponte, may correct the disposition at any time.
|
第二節 訴訟費用の担保
|
Section 2 Security for Court Costs
|
(担保提供命令)
|
(Order to Provide Security)
|
第七十五条原告が日本国内に住所、事務所及び営業所を有しないときは、裁判所は、被告の申立てにより、決定で、訴訟費用の担保を立てるべきことを原告に命じなければならない。その担保に不足を生じたときも、同様とする。
|
Article 75(1)If a plaintiff is not domiciled in Japan or does not have a business office or other office in Japan, at the petition of the defendant, the court shall issue a ruling ordering the plaintiff to provide security for court costs. The same applies if such security becomes insufficient.
|
(担保提供の方法)
|
(Manner of Providing Security)
|
第七十六条担保を立てるには、担保を立てるべきことを命じた裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の管轄区域内の供託所に金銭又は裁判所が相当と認める有価証券(社債等の振替に関する法律(平成十三年法律第七十五号)第百二十九条第一項に規定する振替社債等を含む。次条において同じ。)を供託する方法その他最高裁判所規則で定める方法によらなければならない。ただし、当事者が特別の契約をしたときは、その契約による。
|
Article 76In providing security, money or securities (including book-entry transfer company bonds, etc. prescribed in Article 129, paragraph (1) of the Act on Book-Entry Transfer of Company Bonds, etc. (Act No. 75 of 2001); the same applies in the following Article) that the court considers appropriate shall be deposited with an official depository within the territorial jurisdiction of the district court of jurisdiction in the locality of the court that orders the security to be provided, or shall be provided by a specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that if the parties have entered into a special contract, such contract prevails.
|
(担保物に対する被告の権利)
|
(Defendant's Right to Collateral)
|
第七十七条被告は、訴訟費用に関し、前条の規定により供託した金銭又は有価証券について、他の債権者に先立ち弁済を受ける権利を有する。
|
Article 77A defendant has the right to receive payment for court costs, in preference to other creditors, from the money or securities deposited pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article.
|
(担保不提供の効果)
|
(Result of Failure to Provide Security)
|
第七十八条原告が担保を立てるべき期間内にこれを立てないときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、訴えを却下することができる。ただし、判決前に担保を立てたときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 78If a plaintiff fails to provide security within the time frame during which it shall be provided, the court may enter a judgment dismissing the action without prejudice, without hearing oral arguments; provided, however, that this does not apply if the plaintiff provides security before such a judgment is entered.
|
(担保の取消し)
|
(Release of Security)
|
第七十九条担保を立てた者が担保の事由が消滅したことを証明したときは、裁判所は、申立てにより、担保の取消しの決定をしなければならない。
|
Article 79(1)If a person providing security proves that the grounds for providing security have ceased to exist, the court, upon petition, shall rule to release that security.
|
(3)If, after the conclusion of litigation, the court, at the petition of the person providing the security, notifies the security interest holder that the holder shall exercise the right to the security within a certain time frame and the security interest holder fails to do so, the security interest holder is deemed to consent to the release of the security.
|
|
(担保の変換)
|
(Substitution of Security)
|
第八十条裁判所は、担保を立てた者の申立てにより、決定で、その担保の変換を命ずることができる。ただし、その担保を契約によって他の担保に変換することを妨げない。
|
Article 80At the petition of a person providing the security, the court may issue a ruling ordering the substitution of that security; provided, however, that this does not preclude other security from being substituted for that security pursuant to a contract.
|
(他の法令による担保への準用)
|
(Mutatis Mutandis Application to Security under Other Laws and Regulations)
|
第八十一条第七十五条第四項、第五項及び第七項並びに第七十六条から前条までの規定は、他の法令により訴えの提起について立てるべき担保について準用する。
|
Article 81The provisions of Article 75, paragraphs (4), (5), and (7) and Articles 76 to the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to any security that shall be provided pursuant to other laws and regulations for the filing of an action.
|
第三節 訴訟上の救助
|
Section 3 Legal Aid
|
(救助の付与)
|
(Granting Aid)
|
第八十二条訴訟の準備及び追行に必要な費用を支払う資力がない者又はその支払により生活に著しい支障を生ずる者に対しては、裁判所は、申立てにより、訴訟上の救助の決定をすることができる。ただし、勝訴の見込みがないとはいえないときに限る。
|
Article 82(1)The court, upon petition, may issue a ruling granting legal aid to a person lacking the financial resources to pay the expenses necessary for preparing for and conducting litigation, or to a person for that paying such expenses would cause substantial adversity in daily life; provided, however, that this applies only if the person has some chance of winning the case.
|
(救助の効力等)
|
(Effects of Aid)
|
第八十三条訴訟上の救助の決定は、その定めるところに従い、訴訟及び強制執行について、次に掲げる効力を有する。
|
Article 83(1)A ruling granting legal aid has the following effects with regard to litigation and compulsory execution, in line with what is provided for in the ruling:
|
一裁判費用並びに執行官の手数料及びその職務の執行に要する費用の支払の猶予
|
(i)a grace period for the payment of court costs, as well as for fees for a court execution officer and expenses necessary for the performance of the duties of the same;
|
二裁判所において付添いを命じた弁護士の報酬及び費用の支払の猶予
|
(ii)a grace period for the payment of compensation and expenses for an attorney at law that is ordered by the court to help the person that has been granted legal aid;
|
三訴訟費用の担保の免除
|
(iii)exemption from providing security for court costs.
|
(救助の決定の取消し)
|
(Revocation of a Ruling Granting Aid)
|
第八十四条訴訟上の救助の決定を受けた者が第八十二条第一項本文に規定する要件を欠くことが判明し、又はこれを欠くに至ったときは、訴訟記録の存する裁判所は、利害関係人の申立てにより又は職権で、決定により、いつでも訴訟上の救助の決定を取り消し、猶予した費用の支払を命ずることができる。
|
Article 84If a person in whose favor a ruling granting legal aid is issued is found not to meet the requirements prescribed in the main clause of Article 82, paragraph (1) or if such person comes to no longer meet those requirements, the court that has the case record on file may at any time, upon at the petition of an interested party or sua sponte, issue a ruling revoking the ruling that granted the person legal aid, and order the person to pay any expenses and costs for which a grace period has been given.
|
(猶予された費用等の取立方法)
|
(Manner of Collecting Expenses and Costs with a Grace Period)
|
第八十五条訴訟上の救助の決定を受けた者に支払を猶予した費用は、これを負担することとされた相手方から直接に取り立てることができる。この場合において、弁護士又は執行官は、報酬又は手数料及び費用について、訴訟上の救助の決定を受けた者に代わり、第七十一条第一項、第七十二条又は第七十三条第一項の申立て及び強制執行をすることができる。
|
Article 85Expenses and costs in respect of which a person in whose favor a ruling granting legal aid is issued is given a payment grace period may be collected directly from the adverse party that it has been decided will bear such expenses and costs. To do so, an attorney at law or a court execution officer, on behalf of the person in whose favor the ruling granting legal aid has been issued, may file a petition set forth in Article 71, paragraph (1), Article 72 or Article 73, paragraph (1) or enforce a compulsory execution with regard to compensation or fees and expenses and costs.
|
(即時抗告)
|
(Immediate Appeals)
|
第八十六条この節に規定する決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
|
Article 86An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling prescribed in this Section.
|
第五章 訴訟手続
|
Chapter V Litigation Proceedings
|
第一節 訴訟の審理等
|
Section 1 Trial Litigation
|
(口頭弁論の必要性)
|
(Necessity of Oral Arguments)
|
第八十七条当事者は、訴訟について、裁判所において口頭弁論をしなければならない。ただし、決定で完結すべき事件については、裁判所が、口頭弁論をすべきか否かを定める。
|
Article 87(1)The parties shall conduct oral arguments before the court in connection with the litigation; provided, however, that for a case to be concluded by a ruling, the court determines whether or not oral arguments should be conducted.
|
(受命裁判官による審尋)
|
(Hearings by an Authorized Judge)
|
第八十八条裁判所は、審尋をする場合には、受命裁判官にこれを行わせることができる。
|
Article 88If a hearing is held, the court may have it held by an authorized judge.
|
(和解の試み)
|
(Attempts at Settlement)
|
第八十九条裁判所は、訴訟がいかなる程度にあるかを問わず、和解を試み、又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官に和解を試みさせることができる。
|
Article 89Irrespective of the extent to which litigation has progressed, the court may attempt to arrange a settlement or have an authorized judge or a commissioned judge attempt to arrange a settlement.
|
(訴訟手続に関する異議権の喪失)
|
(Loss of the Right to Object to Litigation Proceedings)
|
第九十条当事者が訴訟手続に関する規定の違反を知り、又は知ることができた場合において、遅滞なく異議を述べないときは、これを述べる権利を失う。ただし、放棄することができないものについては、この限りでない。
|
Article 90If a party learns or could have learned of a violation of the provisions concerning litigation proceedings but fails to make an objection without delay, the party loses the right to object to such proceedings; provided, however, that this does not apply to a right that cannot be waived.
|
(訴訟記録の閲覧等)
|
(Inspection of Case Records)
|
第九十一条何人も、裁判所書記官に対し、訴訟記録の閲覧を請求することができる。
|
Article 91(1)Any person may file a request with the court clerk to inspect a case record.
|
(3)The parties to a case and any third party that makes a prima facie showing of interest in the case may file a request with the court clerk to copy the case record, to be issued an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of the case record, or to be issued a certificate of the particulars of the litigation.
|
|
(4)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply with respect to case records that have been prepared in the form of audiotapes or videotapes (including objects on which a fixed set of information has been recorded by any means equivalent thereto). Nevertheless, the court clerk shall permit the reproduction of such audiotapes or videotapes at the request of a party to the case or a third party that makes a prima facie showing of interest in these objects.
|
|
(秘密保護のための閲覧等の制限)
|
(Restrictions on Inspection to Preserve Confidential Information)
|
第九十二条次に掲げる事由につき疎明があった場合には、裁判所は、当該当事者の申立てにより、決定で、当該訴訟記録中当該秘密が記載され、又は記録された部分の閲覧若しくは謄写、その正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付又はその複製(以下「秘密記載部分の閲覧等」という。)の請求をすることができる者を当事者に限ることができる。
|
Article 92(1)If the party to a case makes a prima facie showing of the following grounds, the court, at the petition of said party, may rule to limit the persons that may request to inspect or copy the part of said case record in which the relevant confidential information is entered or recorded, that may request to be issued an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of that part of the case record, or that may request to reproduce that part of the case record (hereinafter referred to as "Inspection, etc. of the Confidential Portion") to the parties to the case:
|
一訴訟記録中に当事者の私生活についての重大な秘密が記載され、又は記録されており、かつ、第三者が秘密記載部分の閲覧等を行うことにより、その当事者が社会生活を営むのに著しい支障を生ずるおそれがあること。
|
(i)a material piece of confidential information about the private life of a party is entered or recorded in the case record, and a third party's Inspection, etc. of the Confidential Portion of the case record would be substantially detrimental to that party's social life;
|
二訴訟記録中に当事者が保有する営業秘密(不正競争防止法第二条第六項に規定する営業秘密をいう。第百三十二条の二第一項第三号及び第二項において同じ。)が記載され、又は記録されていること。
|
(ii)a trade secret (meaning a trade secret as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (6) of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act; the same applies in Article 132-2, paragraph (1), item (iii) or paragraph (2)) being kept by a party to the case has been entered or recorded in the case record.
|
(3)A third party seeking to file a request for Inspection, etc. of the Confidential Portion of a case record may file a petition with the court of record, to revoke the ruling set forth in paragraph (1), on the grounds that any requirement prescribed in said paragraph has not been met or is no longer being met.
|
|
第二節 専門委員等
|
Section 2 Technical Advisers
|
第一款 専門委員
|
Subsection 1 Technical Advisers
|
(専門委員の関与)
|
(Participation of Technical Advisers)
|
第九十二条の二裁判所は、争点若しくは証拠の整理又は訴訟手続の進行に関し必要な事項の協議をするに当たり、訴訟関係を明瞭にし、又は訴訟手続の円滑な進行を図るため必要があると認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、決定で、専門的な知見に基づく説明を聴くために専門委員を手続に関与させることができる。この場合において、専門委員の説明は、裁判長が書面により又は口頭弁論若しくは弁論準備手続の期日において口頭でさせなければならない。
|
Article 92-2(1)If the court finds that it will need to have a technical adviser participate during deliberations on the necessary particulars involved in the arrangement of issues and evidence or the progress of litigation proceedings in order to clarify a matter related to the litigation or create a framework for smooth progress in the litigation proceedings, the court, after hearing the opinions of the parties, may rule to have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings so as to hear an explanation based on the technical adviser's expert knowledge. In such a case, the presiding judge shall have the technical adviser give an explanation in writing or orally on a date for oral arguments or preparatory proceedings.
|
(2)If the court finds that it will need to have a technical adviser participate during the examination of evidence in order to clarify a matter related to the litigation or the import of the results of the examination of evidence, the court, after hearing the opinions of the parties, may rule to have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings on a date for the examination of evidence, so as to hear an explanation based on the technical adviser's expert knowledge. In such a case, in order to have the technical adviser give an explanation on a date for the examination of a witness or the parties themselves or on a date for the questioning of an expert, the presiding judge, with the consent of the parties, may permit the technical adviser to directly ask the witness, the parties themselves, or the expert questions about the necessary particulars for clarifying a matter that is related to the litigation or for clarifying the import of the results of the examination of evidence.
|
|
(3)If the court finds that it will be necessary during an attempt to arrange a settlement, the court, with the consent of the parties, may rule to have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings on a date when the court will attempt to arrange a settlement and on which both parties are able to attend, so as to hear an explanation based on the technical adviser's expert knowledge.
|
|
(音声の送受信による通話の方法による専門委員の関与)
|
(Participation of a Technical Adviser Through Communication by Audio Transmissions)
|
第九十二条の三裁判所は、前条各項の規定により専門委員を手続に関与させる場合において、専門委員が遠隔の地に居住しているときその他相当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、同条各項の期日において、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、裁判所及び当事者双方が専門委員との間で音声の送受信により同時に通話をすることができる方法によって、専門委員に同条各項の説明又は発問をさせることができる。
|
Article 92-3If the court has a technical adviser participate in proceedings pursuant to the provisions of any paragraph of the preceding Article and the technical adviser resides in a distant location or the court finds it appropriate for any other reason, the court, after hearing the opinions of the parties, may have the technical adviser give an explanation or ask questions pursuant to the relevant paragraph of that Article on a date as referred to in the relevant paragraph of that Article, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, in a way that enables the court and both parties to communicate with the technical adviser at the same time, through audio transmissions.
|
(専門委員の関与の決定の取消し)
|
(Revocation of a Ruling for the Participation of a Technical Adviser)
|
第九十二条の四裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、専門委員を手続に関与させる決定を取り消すことができる。ただし、当事者双方の申立てがあるときは、これを取り消さなければならない。
|
Article 92-4If the court finds it to be appropriate, it is permitted to revoke a ruling to have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings, upon petition or sua sponte; provided, however, that the court is required to revoke such a ruling if both parties so petition.
|
(専門委員の指定及び任免等)
|
(Designation, Appointment, and Dismissal of a Technical Adviser)
|
第九十二条の五専門委員の員数は、各事件について一人以上とする。
|
Article 92-5(1)The number of technical advisers is one or more for each case.
|
(専門委員の除斥及び忌避)
|
(Disqualifying or Challenging a Technical Adviser)
|
第九十二条の六第二十三条から第二十五条まで(同条第二項を除く。)の規定は、専門委員について準用する。
|
Article 92-6(1)The provisions of Articles 23 to 25 (excluding paragraph (2) of said Article) apply mutatis mutandis to a technical adviser.
|
(受命裁判官等の権限)
|
(Powers of an Authorized Judge)
|
第九十二条の七受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が第九十二条の二各項の手続を行う場合には、同条から第九十二条の四まで及び第九十二条の五第二項の規定による裁判所及び裁判長の職務は、その裁判官が行う。ただし、第九十二条の二第二項の手続を行う場合には、専門委員を手続に関与させる決定、その決定の取消し及び専門委員の指定は、受訴裁判所がする。
|
Article 92-7If an authorized judge or a commissioned judge conducts the procedures set forth in each paragraphs of Article 92-2, that judge shall perform the duties of the court and those of the presiding judge under the provisions of said Article to Article 92-4 and Article 92-5, paragraph (2); provided, however, that if an authorized judge carries out the procedures set forth in Article 92-2, paragraph (2), the ruling to have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings, the revocation of such a ruling, and the designation of the technical adviser is made by the court in charge of the case.
|
第二款 知的財産に関する事件における裁判所調査官の事務等
|
Subsection 2 Function of a of Judicial Research Official in a Case Involving Intellectual Property
|
(知的財産に関する事件における裁判所調査官の事務)
|
(Functions of a Judicial Research Official in a Case Involving Intellectual Property)
|
第九十二条の八裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、高等裁判所又は地方裁判所において知的財産に関する事件の審理及び裁判に関して調査を行う裁判所調査官に、当該事件において次に掲げる事務を行わせることができる。この場合において、当該裁判所調査官は、裁判長の命を受けて、当該事務を行うものとする。
|
Article 92-8If the court finds it to be necessary, it may have the judicial research official who is in charge of conducting research in connection with the trial and judicial decision in a case involving intellectual property at a high court or district court, fulfill the following functions in said case. In such a case, said judicial research official, as ordered by the presiding judge, is to fulfill said functions:
|
一次に掲げる期日又は手続において、訴訟関係を明瞭にするため、事実上及び法律上の事項に関し、当事者に対して問いを発し、又は立証を促すこと。
|
(i)asking questions of the parties or urging them to offer proof with regard to factual or legal matters, on the following court dates or in the following proceedings, in order to clarify a matter that is related to the litigation:
|
イ口頭弁論又は審尋の期日
|
(a)a date for oral arguments or hearing;
|
ロ争点又は証拠の整理を行うための手続
|
(b)proceedings for arranging issues or evidence;
|
ハ文書の提出義務又は検証の目的の提示義務の有無を判断するための手続
|
(c)proceedings for determining whether there exists an obligation to submit a document or an obligation to present an object for inspection;
|
ニ争点又は証拠の整理に係る事項その他訴訟手続の進行に関し必要な事項についての協議を行うための手続
|
(d)proceedings for deliberating on the particulars involved in the arrangement of issues or evidence or any other necessary particulars involved in the progress of litigation proceedings.
|
二証拠調べの期日において、証人、当事者本人又は鑑定人に対し直接に問いを発すること。
|
(ii)asking questions directly of a witness, the parties themselves, or an expert on a date for the examination of evidence;
|
三和解を試みる期日において、専門的な知見に基づく説明をすること。
|
(iii)giving an explanation based on expert knowledge on a date for attempting to arrange a settlement;
|
四裁判官に対し、事件につき意見を述べること。
|
(iv)stating opinions about the case to a judge.
|
(知的財産に関する事件における裁判所調査官の除斥及び忌避)
|
(Disqualifying or Challenging a Judicial Research Official in a Case Involving Intellectual Property)
|
第九十二条の九第二十三条から第二十五条までの規定は、前条の事務を行う裁判所調査官について準用する。
|
Article 92-9(1)The provisions of Articles 23 to 25 apply mutatis mutandis to a judicial research official who fulfills the functions as referred to in the preceding Article.
|
(2)If a petition has been filed to disqualify or challenge a judicial research official who fulfills the functions as referred to in the preceding Article, the judicial research official may not participate in the case for which the petition has been filed until the ruling on the petition becomes final and binding.
|
|
第三節 期日及び期間
|
Section 3 Court Dates and Time Frames
|
(期日の指定及び変更)
|
(Designation and Change of Court Dates)
|
第九十三条期日は、申立てにより又は職権で、裁判長が指定する。
|
Article 93(1)Court dates are designated by the presiding judge upon petition or sua sponte.
|
(期日の呼出し)
|
(Summons to Appear on a Court Date)
|
第九十四条期日の呼出しは、呼出状の送達、当該事件について出頭した者に対する期日の告知その他相当と認める方法によってする。
|
Article 94(1)A summons to appear for a court date is effected through the service of a writ of summons, through the announcement of a court date to a person who has appeared in connection with the relevant case, or by any other means that is considered to be appropriate.
|
(2)If a summons to appear on a court date is effected other than through the service of a writ of summons or the announcement of the court date to a person who has appeared in connection with the case, no legal sanction nor any other disadvantage may be attributed to a party, witness, or expert who does not appear on that court date for failure to keep the court date; provided, however, that this does not apply if the relevant person has submitted a paper document indicating receipt of the summons to appear on that date.
|
|
(期間の計算)
|
(Computation of Time Frames)
|
第九十五条期間の計算については、民法の期間に関する規定に従う。
|
Article 95(1)The computation of a time frames is governed by Civil Code provisions on periods of time.
|
3期間の末日が日曜日、土曜日、国民の祝日に関する法律(昭和二十三年法律第百七十八号)に規定する休日、一月二日、一月三日又は十二月二十九日から十二月三十一日までの日に当たるときは、期間は、その翌日に満了する。
|
(3)If the last day of a time frame falls on a Sunday, Saturday, a holiday prescribed in the Act on National Holidays (Act No. 178 of 1948), January 2nd, January 3rd, or any day from December 29th to December 31st, that time frame expires on the following day.
|
(期間の伸縮及び付加期間)
|
(Extension and Shortening of a Time Frame and Additional Time Frames)
|
第九十六条裁判所は、法定の期間又はその定めた期間を伸長し、又は短縮することができる。ただし、不変期間については、この限りでない。
|
Article 96(1)The court may extend or shorten a statutory time frame or a time frame that it has specified; provided, however, that this does not apply to an inalterable time frame.
|
(訴訟行為の追完)
|
(Subsequent Completion of Procedural Acts)
|
第九十七条当事者がその責めに帰することができない事由により不変期間を遵守することができなかった場合には、その事由が消滅した後一週間以内に限り、不変期間内にすべき訴訟行為の追完をすることができる。ただし、外国に在る当事者については、この期間は、二月とする。
|
Article 97(1)If a party is unable to observe an inalterable time frame due to grounds not attributable thereto, the party may subsequently complete the procedural act that was to be performed within the inalterable time frame, within one week after those grounds cease to exist; provided, however, that a party that is in a foreign country may subsequently complete such a procedural act within two months' time after the relevant grounds cease to exist.
|
第四節 送達
|
Section 4 Service
|
(職権送達の原則等)
|
(Principle of Service by the Court Sua Sponte)
|
第九十八条送達は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、職権でする。
|
Article 98(1)Except as otherwise provided, service is effected sua sponte.
|
(送達実施機関)
|
(Mechanisms for Service)
|
第九十九条送達は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、郵便又は執行官によってする。
|
Article 99(1)Except as otherwise provided, service is effected by mail or by a court execution officer.
|
(裁判所書記官による送達)
|
(Service by the Court Clerk)
|
第百条裁判所書記官は、その所属する裁判所の事件について出頭した者に対しては、自ら送達をすることができる。
|
Article 100The court clerk may personally serve a person who has appeared for a case that is pending before the court to which the court clerk is assigned.
|
(交付送達の原則)
|
(Principle of Personal Service)
|
第百一条送達は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、送達を受けるべき者に送達すべき書類を交付してする。
|
Article 101Except as otherwise provided, a service is effected through the delivery of the document with which a person is to be served, to the person on that it is to be served.
|
(訴訟無能力者等に対する送達)
|
(Service of a Person without the Capacity to Sue or Be Sued)
|
第百二条訴訟無能力者に対する送達は、その法定代理人にする。
|
Article 102(1)Service of a person without the capacity to sue or be sued is effected through the statutory agent of such a person.
|
(送達場所)
|
(Place for Service)
|
第百三条送達は、送達を受けるべき者の住所、居所、営業所又は事務所(以下この節において「住所等」という。)においてする。ただし、法定代理人に対する送達は、本人の営業所又は事務所においてもすることができる。
|
Article 103(1)Service is effected at the domicile, residence, office, or business office (hereinafter referred to as the "domicile, etc." in this Section) of the person that is to be served; provided, however, that a statutory agent may also be served at the office or business office of the principal.
|
(2)If the place specified in the preceding paragraph is unknown or there is an obstacle to effecting service at that place, service may be effected at the domicile, etc. of another person, where the person who is to be served works based on employment, entrustment, or any other legal act (hereinafter referred to as the "Workplace"). The same applies if the person who is to be served (except one prescribed in paragraph (1) of the following Article) has entered a statement indicating willingness to be served at the Workplace.
|
|
(送達場所等の届出)
|
(Notification of the Place for Service)
|
第百四条当事者、法定代理人又は訴訟代理人は、送達を受けるべき場所(日本国内に限る。)を受訴裁判所に届け出なければならない。この場合においては、送達受取人をも届け出ることができる。
|
Article 104(1)The party, statutory agent, or litigation representative shall notify the court in charge of the case of the place or places where the relevant person may be served (limited to a place in Japan). In doing so, the party, statutory agent, or litigation representative may also notify the court of the person to be served.
|
(3)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, subsequent service upon a person that does not submit a notification pursuant to the provision of the first sentence of paragraph (1) and that has been served as set forth in one of the following items is effected at the place specified in the relevant item:
|
|
一前条の規定による送達その送達をした場所
|
(i)service pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article:the place where such service was effected;
|
二次条後段の規定による送達のうち郵便の業務に従事する者が郵便事業株式会社の営業所(郵便事業株式会社から当該送達の業務の委託を受けた者の営業所を含む。第百六条第一項後段において同じ。)においてするもの及び同項後段の規定による送達その送達において送達をすべき場所とされていた場所
|
(ii)service pursuant to the provision of the second sentence of the following Article to be effected by a person engaged in postal services at a business office of Japan Post Service Co., Ltd (including a business office of a person that is entrusted by Japan Post Service Co., Ltd with said postal services; the same applies in the second sentence of Article 106, paragraph (1)), and service pursuant to the provision of the second sentence of Article 106, paragraph (1):the place designated as the place where such service was to be effected;
|
三第百七条第一項第一号の規定による送達その送達においてあて先とした場所
|
(iii)service pursuant to the provision of Article 107, paragraph (1), item (i):the place designated as the address for such service.
|
(出会送達)
|
(Service of Persons Wherever They May Be Found)
|
第百五条前二条の規定にかかわらず、送達を受けるべき者で日本国内に住所等を有することが明らかでないもの(前条第一項前段の規定による届出をした者を除く。)に対する送達は、その者に出会った場所においてすることができる。日本国内に住所等を有することが明らかな者又は同項前段の規定による届出をした者が送達を受けることを拒まないときも、同様とする。
|
Article 105Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two Articles, a person that is to be served but that does not manifestly have a domicile, etc. in Japan (excluding one that has submitted a notification pursuant to the provision of the first sentence of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article), may be served wherever the person effecting the service finds the person that is to be served. The same applies if a person that clearly has a domicile, etc. in Japan or a person that has submitted a notification pursuant to the provision of the first sentence of the same paragraph does not refuse to be served.
|
(補充送達及び差置送達)
|
(Substituted Service and Service by Leaving Documents)
|
第百六条就業場所以外の送達をすべき場所において送達を受けるべき者に出会わないときは、使用人その他の従業者又は同居者であって、書類の受領について相当のわきまえのあるものに書類を交付することができる。郵便の業務に従事する者が郵便事業株式会社の営業所において書類を交付すべきときも、同様とする。
|
Article 106(1)If a person effecting service does not find the person that is to be served at the non-Workplace location where service is to be effected, the relevant document may be delivered to an employee or any other worker or to a person that lives with the person to be served, that has reasonable discretion concerning the receipt of documents. The same applies if a person engaging in postal services is to deliver the document at the business office of Japan Post Service Co., Ltd.
|
(2)If a person effecting service does not find the person that is to be served at the Workplace (including if the place reported in the notification submitted pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of Article 104, paragraph (1) is the Workplace) and another person set forth in Article 103, paragraph (2) or that person's statutory agent or employee or any other worker that has reasonable discretion concerning the receipt of documents does not refuse to be delivered the document, the document may be delivered to such a person.
|
|
(3)If a person that is to be served or a person that is to be delivered a document pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of paragraph (1) refuses to service or refuses delivery of the document without a legitimate reason for refusing to do so, the relevant document may be left at a place where service may be effected.
|
|
(書留郵便等に付する送達)
|
(Service by Registered Mail)
|
第百七条前条の規定により送達をすることができない場合には、裁判所書記官は、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める場所にあてて、書類を書留郵便又は民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律(平成十四年法律第九十九号)第二条第六項に規定する一般信書便事業者若しくは同条第九項に規定する特定信書便事業者の提供する同条第二項に規定する信書便の役務のうち書留郵便に準ずるものとして最高裁判所規則で定めるもの(次項及び第三項において「書留郵便等」という。)に付して発送することができる。
|
Article 107(1)In the cases listed in the following items, if it is impossible for service to be effected pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the court clerk may send the document to the place specified in the relevant item by registered mail or using the correspondence delivery services prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (2) of the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators (Act No. 99 of 2002) that are provided by a general correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (6) of said Article or a specified correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (9) of said Article, and which are specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as constituting services equivalent to registered mail (hereinafter referred to as "registered mail, etc." in the following paragraph and paragraph (3)):
|
一第百三条の規定による送達をすべき場合同条第一項に定める場所
|
(i)if service is to be effected pursuant to the provisions of Article 103:the place specified in Article 103, paragraph (1);
|
二第百四条第二項の規定による送達をすべき場合同項の場所
|
(ii)if service is to be effected pursuant to the provision of Article 104, paragraph (2):the place set forth in that paragraph;
|
三第百四条第三項の規定による送達をすべき場合同項の場所(その場所が就業場所である場合にあっては、訴訟記録に表れたその者の住所等)
|
(iii)if service is to be effected pursuant to the provisions of Article 104, paragraph (3):the place set forth in that paragraph (or, if this is the Workplace, this means the domicile, etc. of the person in question as indicated in the case record).
|
(外国における送達)
|
(Service in a Foreign Country)
|
第百八条外国においてすべき送達は、裁判長がその国の管轄官庁又はその国に駐在する日本の大使、公使若しくは領事に嘱託してする。
|
Article 108Service to be effected in a foreign country is served as commissioned by the presiding judge to the competent government agency of that country or the Japanese ambassador, minister, or consul stationed in that country.
|
(送達報告書)
|
(Return of Service)
|
第百九条送達をした者は、書面を作成し、送達に関する事項を記載して、これを裁判所に提出しなければならない。
|
Article 109A person that has effected service shall prepare a paper document, enter therein the particulars of the service, and submit it to the court.
|
(公示送達の要件)
|
(Requirements for Service by Publication)
|
第百十条次に掲げる場合には、裁判所書記官は、申立てにより、公示送達をすることができる。
|
Article 110(1)In the following cases and upon petition, the court clerk may effect service by publication:
|
一当事者の住所、居所その他送達をすべき場所が知れない場合
|
(i)if the party's domicile and residence are unknown, and no other place where the party may be served is known;
|
二第百七条第一項の規定により送達をすることができない場合
|
(ii)if it is impossible to effect service pursuant to the provisions of Article 107, paragraph (1);
|
三外国においてすべき送達について、第百八条の規定によることができず、又はこれによっても送達をすることができないと認めるべき場合
|
(iii)if, with regard to service that shall be effected in a foreign country, it is impossible to effect service through the means under the provision of Article 108 or it is found to be impossible to effect service even through such means.
|
四第百八条の規定により外国の管轄官庁に嘱託を発した後六月を経過してもその送達を証する書面の送付がない場合
|
(iv)if, even after six months have elapsed since the competent government agency of a foreign country is issued a commission pursuant to the provision of Article 108, no paper document that certifies that the agency has effected service is sent.
|
(公示送達の方法)
|
(Manner of Effecting Service by Publication)
|
第百十一条公示送達は、裁判所書記官が送達すべき書類を保管し、いつでも送達を受けるべき者に交付すべき旨を裁判所の掲示場に掲示してする。
|
Article 111Service by publication is effected by the posting, in the posting area for the court, of notice that the court clerk has retained the document to be served and will deliver it to the person that is to be served at any time.
|
(公示送達の効力発生の時期)
|
(When Service by Publication Takes Effect)
|
第百十二条公示送達は、前条の規定による掲示を始めた日から二週間を経過することによって、その効力を生ずる。ただし、第百十条第三項の公示送達は、掲示を始めた日の翌日にその効力を生ずる。
|
Article 112(1)Service by publication takes effect when two weeks have passed since the day on which the posting under the provision of the preceding Article was made; provided, however, that service by publication as set forth in Article 110, paragraph (3) takes effect on the day following the day on which the posting was made.
|
(公示送達による意思表示の到達)
|
(Arrival of Manifestation of Intention by Service by Publication)
|
第百十三条訴訟の当事者が相手方の所在を知ることができない場合において、相手方に対する公示送達がされた書類に、その相手方に対しその訴訟の目的である請求又は防御の方法に関する意思表示をする旨の記載があるときは、その意思表示は、第百十一条の規定による掲示を始めた日から二週間を経過した時に、相手方に到達したものとみなす。この場合においては、民法第九十八条第三項ただし書の規定を準用する。
|
Article 113If a party to litigation is unable to learn the whereabouts of the adverse party and a document served by publication on the adverse party that the party makes a manifestation of intention to the adverse party with respect to the claim that is the subject matter of litigation or with respect to the means of defense, the manifestation of intention is deemed to have reached the adverse party when two weeks have elapsed since the day on which the posting under the provision of Article 111 was made. In such a case, the provision of the proviso to Article 98, paragraph (3) of the Civil Code applies mutatis mutandis.
|
第五節 裁判
|
Section 5 Judicial Decisions
|
(既判力の範囲)
|
(Scope of Res Judicata)
|
第百十四条確定判決は、主文に包含するものに限り、既判力を有する。
|
Article 114(1)Res judicata applies only with regard to the contents of a final and binding judgment that are included in the main text.
|
(確定判決等の効力が及ぶ者の範囲)
|
(Scope of Persons Subject to the Effect of a Final and Binding Judgment)
|
第百十五条確定判決は、次に掲げる者に対してその効力を有する。
|
Article 115(1)A final and binding judgment is valid against the following persons:
|
一当事者
|
(i)the parties;
|
二当事者が他人のために原告又は被告となった場合のその他人
|
(ii)a person for that a party has served as a plaintiff or defendant;
|
三前二号に掲げる者の口頭弁論終結後の承継人
|
(iii)the successor to a person listed in one of the preceding two items, that succeeds following the conclusion of oral arguments;
|
四前三号に掲げる者のために請求の目的物を所持する者
|
(iv)the person retaining possession of the subject matter of the claim on behalf of a person listed in one of the preceding three items.
|
(判決の確定時期)
|
(When a Judgment Becomes Final and Binding)
|
第百十六条判決は、控訴若しくは上告(第三百二十七条第一項(第三百八十条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)の上告を除く。)の提起、第三百十八条第一項の申立て又は第三百五十七条(第三百六十七条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)若しくは第三百七十八条第一項の規定による異議の申立てについて定めた期間の満了前には、確定しないものとする。
|
Article 116(1)A judgment does not become final and binding until the expiration of the time frame specified for filing of an appeal with the court of second instance or a final appeal (excluding a final appeal as referred to in Article 327, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 380, paragraph (2))), for filing of a petition as referred to in Article 318, paragraph (1), or for filing of an objection under the provisions of Article 357 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 367, paragraph (2)) or Article 378, paragraph (1).
|
(2)A judgment is blocked from becoming final and binding by the filing of an appeal with the court of second instance, the filing of a final appeal as referred to in the preceding paragraph, or the filing of a petition or an objection as referred to in that paragraph, that is made within the time frame set forth in that paragraph.
|
|
(定期金による賠償を命じた確定判決の変更を求める訴え)
|
(Action to Modify a Final and Binding Judgment Ordering Compensation by Periodic Payments)
|
第百十七条口頭弁論終結前に生じた損害につき定期金による賠償を命じた確定判決について、口頭弁論終結後に、後遺障害の程度、賃金水準その他の損害額の算定の基礎となった事情に著しい変更が生じた場合には、その判決の変更を求める訴えを提起することができる。ただし、その訴えの提起の日以後に支払期限が到来する定期金に係る部分に限る。
|
Article 117(1)If, with regard to a final and binding judgment ordering compensation through periodic payments for damage arising prior to the conclusion of oral arguments, any significant change has occurred in terms of the severity of residual disability, wage standards, or any other circumstances that were used as the basis for calculation of the amount of damages after the conclusion of oral arguments, an action may be filed to modify the judgment; provided, however, that this applies only to the part of the judgment involving periodic payments that will become due after the date the action is filed.
|
(外国裁判所の確定判決の効力)
|
(Validity of a Final and Binding Judgment Rendered by a Foreign Court)
|
第百十八条外国裁判所の確定判決は、次に掲げる要件のすべてを具備する場合に限り、その効力を有する。
|
Article 118A final and binding judgment rendered by a foreign court is valid only if it meets all of the following requirements:
|
一法令又は条約により外国裁判所の裁判権が認められること。
|
(i)the jurisdiction of the foreign court is recognized pursuant to laws and regulations, conventions, or treaties;
|
二敗訴の被告が訴訟の開始に必要な呼出し若しくは命令の送達(公示送達その他これに類する送達を除く。)を受けたこと又はこれを受けなかったが応訴したこと。
|
(ii)the defeated defendant has been served (excluding service by publication or any other service similar thereto) with the requisite summons or order for the commencement of litigation, or has appeared without being so served;
|
三判決の内容及び訴訟手続が日本における公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反しないこと。
|
(iii)the content of the judgment and the litigation proceedings are not contrary to public policy in Japan;
|
四相互の保証があること。
|
(iv)a guarantee of reciprocity is in place.
|
(決定及び命令の告知)
|
(Notice of Rulings and Orders)
|
第百十九条決定及び命令は、相当と認める方法で告知することによって、その効力を生ずる。
|
Article 119A ruling or order takes effect when notice thereof is given by a means that is considered to be appropriate.
|
(訴訟指揮に関する裁判の取消し)
|
(Revocation of a Judicial Decision Concerning Control of Litigation Proceedings)
|
第百二十条訴訟の指揮に関する決定及び命令は、いつでも取り消すことができる。
|
Article 120A ruling or order concerning control of litigation proceedings may be revoked at any time.
|
(裁判所書記官の処分に対する異議)
|
(Objection to a Disposition by the Court Clerk)
|
第百二十一条裁判所書記官の処分に対する異議の申立てについては、その裁判所書記官の所属する裁判所が、決定で、裁判をする。
|
Article 121The court to which the court clerk is assigned reaches a judicial decision on any objection to a disposition made by that court clerk, in the form of a ruling.
|
(判決に関する規定の準用)
|
(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Judgments)
|
第百二十二条決定及び命令には、その性質に反しない限り、判決に関する規定を準用する。
|
Article 122Provisions on judgments apply mutatis mutandis to rulings and orders, unless contrary to the nature thereof.
|
(判事補の権限)
|
(Powers of Assistant Judges)
|
第百二十三条判決以外の裁判は、判事補が単独ですることができる。
|
Article 123An assistant judge may independently reach a judicial decision other than a judgment.
|
第六節 訴訟手続の中断及び中止
|
Section 6 Continuance or Suspension of Litigation Proceedings
|
(訴訟手続の中断及び受継)
|
(Continuance of Litigation Proceedings and Substitution)
|
第百二十四条次の各号に掲げる事由があるときは、訴訟手続は、中断する。この場合においては、それぞれ当該各号に定める者は、訴訟手続を受け継がなければならない。
|
Article 124(1)Litigation proceedings are subject to a continuance if any of the following grounds occur. In such a case, the person specified in the relevant item shall be substituted as a party:
|
一当事者の死亡相続人、相続財産管理人その他法令により訴訟を続行すべき者
|
(i)a party's death:the party's heir, administrator of the inherited property, or any other person that shall continue the action pursuant to law or regulation;
|
二当事者である法人の合併による消滅合併によって設立された法人又は合併後存続する法人
|
(ii)the disappearance due to merger of a corporation that is a party:the corporation incorporated in the merger or the corporation surviving the merger;
|
三当事者の訴訟能力の喪失又は法定代理人の死亡若しくは代理権の消滅法定代理人又は訴訟能力を有するに至った当事者
|
(iii)a party's loss of the capacity to sue or be sued, or a statutory agent's death or extinguishment of the authority of representation:the party's statutory agent or the party who has acquired the capacity to sue or be sued;
|
四次のイからハまでに掲げる者の信託に関する任務の終了 当該イからハまでに定める者
|
(iv)termination of duties involved in a trust assigned to one of the persons listed in (a) to (c) below: the relevant person specified in (a) to (c):
|
イ当事者である受託者新たな受託者又は信託財産管理者若しくは信託財産法人管理人
|
(a)a trustee that is a party:the new trustee or the trust property administrator or incorporated trust property administrator;
|
ロ当事者である信託財産管理者又は信託財産法人管理人新たな受託者又は新たな信託財産管理者若しくは新たな信託財産法人管理人
|
(b)a trust property administrator or incorporated trust property administrator that is a party:the new trustee, new trust property administrator, or new incorporated trust property administrator;
|
ハ当事者である信託管理人受益者又は新たな信託管理人
|
(c)a trust caretaker that is a party:the beneficiary or the new trust caretaker.
|
五一定の資格を有する者で自己の名で他人のために訴訟の当事者となるものの死亡その他の事由による資格の喪失同一の資格を有する者
|
(v)the loss of status, due to death or any other grounds, of the person of a certain status who stood as a party to the litigation in that person's own name on behalf of another person:a person of the same status;
|
六選定当事者の全員の死亡その他の事由による資格の喪失選定者の全員又は新たな選定当事者
|
(vi)all appointed parties' loss of status due to death or any other grounds:all appointers or a newly appointed party.
|
一被保佐人又は被補助人が訴訟行為をすることについて保佐人又は補助人の同意を得ることを要しないとき。
|
(i)the person under curatorship or person under assistance is not required to obtain consent of the curator or assistant for performing procedural acts;
|
二被保佐人又は被補助人が前号に規定する同意を得ることを要する場合において、その同意を得ているとき。
|
(ii)the person under curatorship or person under assistance is required to obtain consent prescribed in the preceding item, and has obtained it.
|
(相手方による受継の申立て)
|
(Adverse Party's Petition for Substitution)
|
第百二十六条訴訟手続の受継の申立ては、相手方もすることができる。
|
Article 126The adverse party may also file a petition for the substitution of a party.
|
(受継の通知)
|
(Notice of Substitution)
|
第百二十七条訴訟手続の受継の申立てがあった場合には、裁判所は、相手方に通知しなければならない。
|
Article 127When a petition for the substitution of a party has been filed, the court shall notify the adverse party thereof.
|
(受継についての裁判)
|
(Judicial Decision on Substitution)
|
第百二十八条訴訟手続の受継の申立てがあった場合には、裁判所は、職権で調査し、理由がないと認めるときは、決定で、その申立てを却下しなければならない。
|
Article 128(1)When a petition for the substitution of a party has been filed, if the court finds the petition to be groundless after conducting an examination sua sponte, the court shall rule to dismiss the petition without prejudice, in the form of a ruling.
|
(2)If a petition for the substitution of a party is filed during a continuance of litigation proceedings following the service of a judgment document or written statement as referred to in Article 254, paragraph (2) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 374, paragraph (2)), the court that reached the judgment in question shall reach a judicial decision on the petition.
|
|
(職権による続行命令)
|
(Order to Continue Sua Sponte)
|
第百二十九条当事者が訴訟手続の受継の申立てをしない場合においても、裁判所は、職権で、訴訟手続の続行を命ずることができる。
|
Article 129Even if neither party has filed a petition for the substitution of a party, the court may order litigation proceedings to continue sua sponte.
|
(裁判所の職務執行不能による中止)
|
(Suspension Due to Court Inability to Execute Duties)
|
第百三十条天災その他の事由によって裁判所が職務を行うことができないときは、訴訟手続は、その事由が消滅するまで中止する。
|
Article 130If the court is unable to execute its duties due to a natural disaster or any other cause, litigation proceedings are suspended until such cause ceases to exist.
|
(当事者の故障による中止)
|
(Suspension Due to the Incapacitation of a Party)
|
第百三十一条当事者が不定期間の故障により訴訟手続を続行することができないときは、裁判所は、決定で、その中止を命ずることができる。
|
Article 131(1)If a party is unable to continue with litigation proceedings due to an incapacitation of an uncertain duration, the court may issue an order the suspension of litigation proceedings, in the form of a ruling.
|
(中断及び中止の効果)
|
(Impact of Continuances and Suspensions)
|
第百三十二条判決の言渡しは、訴訟手続の中断中であっても、することができる。
|
Article 132(1)A judgment may be rendered even during a continuance of litigation proceedings.
|
第六章 訴えの提起前における証拠収集の処分等
|
Chapter VI Dispositions on the Collection of Evidence Prior to the Filing of an Action
|
(訴えの提起前における照会)
|
(Inquiry Prior to the Filing of an Action)
|
第百三十二条の二訴えを提起しようとする者が訴えの被告となるべき者に対し訴えの提起を予告する通知を書面でした場合(以下この章において当該通知を「予告通知」という。)には、その予告通知をした者(以下この章において「予告通知者」という。)は、その予告通知を受けた者に対し、その予告通知をした日から四月以内に限り、訴えの提起前に、訴えを提起した場合の主張又は立証を準備するために必要であることが明らかな事項について、相当の期間を定めて、書面で回答するよう、書面で照会をすることができる。ただし、その照会が次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 132-2(1)If a person that intends to file an action has provided advance, written notice to the would-be defendant in the action (hereinafter referred to as "advance notice" in this Chapter) of the filing of an action, the person that has provided the advance notice (hereinafter referred to as the "person providing advance notice" in this Chapter), within four months after providing that notice and before filing of the action, may specify a reasonable time frame for response and direct a written inquiry to the person that has received the advance notice, so as to elicit from that person a written response with regard to particulars that will clearly be necessary for preparing allegations or proof if the action is filed; provided, however, that this does not apply if the inquiry falls under any of the following items:
|
一第百六十三条各号のいずれかに該当する照会
|
(i)an inquiry that falls under any of the items of Article 163;
|
二相手方又は第三者の私生活についての秘密に関する事項についての照会であって、これに回答することにより、その相手方又は第三者が社会生活を営むのに支障を生ずるおそれがあるもの
|
(ii)an inquiry into the particulars of a confidential matter in the private life of the adverse party or a third party, any response to which would be substantially detrimental to the adverse party or the third party in that party's social life;
|
三相手方又は第三者の営業秘密に関する事項についての照会
|
(iii)an inquiry into the particulars of a trade secret of the adverse party or a third party.
|
(2)If the third party in question in an inquiry into the particulars of a confidential matter the private life of a third party as prescribed in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph or in an inquiry into the trade secret of a third party as prescribed in item (iii) of that paragraph, authorizes the adverse party to respond to the inquiry, those provisions do not apply.
|
|
Article 132-3(1)After a person that has received advance notice (hereinafter referred to as a "recipient of advance notice" in this Chapter) has responded to the person providing advance notice with a written response to that advance notice which details the substance of the recipient's answers with regard to the substance of the claim and essential points of dispute as referred to in paragraph (3) of the preceding Article that are detailed in the written advance notice, the recipient of advance notice, within four months after the day on which the advance notice was provided and before the action is filed, may specify a reasonable time frame for response and direct a written inquiry to the person providing advance notice, so as to elicit from that person a written response with regard to particulars that will clearly be necessary for preparing allegations or proof if the action is filed. In such a case, the provisions of the proviso to paragraph (1) of the preceding Article and paragraph (2) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis.
|
|
(訴えの提起前における証拠収集の処分)
|
(Dispositions on the Collection of Evidence Prior to the Filing of an Action)
|
第百三十二条の四裁判所は、予告通知者又は前条第一項の返答をした被予告通知者の申立てにより、当該予告通知に係る訴えが提起された場合の立証に必要であることが明らかな証拠となるべきものについて、申立人がこれを自ら収集することが困難であると認められるときは、その予告通知又は返答の相手方(以下この章において単に「相手方」という。)の意見を聴いて、訴えの提起前に、その収集に係る次に掲げる処分をすることができる。ただし、その収集に要すべき時間又は嘱託を受けるべき者の負担が不相当なものとなることその他の事情により、相当でないと認めるときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 132-4(1)If the court, at the petition by the person providing advance notice or by a recipient of advance notice that has responded as referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, finds that it is difficult for the petitioner to collect evidence that will clearly be necessary as proof if the action for which advance notice has been provided is filed, the court, after hearing the opinions of the adverse party to the advance notice or the response (hereinafter simply referred to as the "adverse party" in this Chapter) and before the action is filed, may reach one of the following dispositions in connection with the collection of evidence; provided, however, that this does not apply if the court finds that doing so would be inappropriate due to the time that would be required for the collection of evidence or the unreasonable burden that it would place on the person that would undertake the commission:
|
一文書(第二百三十一条に規定する物件を含む。以下この章において同じ。)の所持者にその文書の送付を嘱託すること。
|
(i)commissioning the person in possession of a document (including an object prescribed in Article 231; hereinafter the same applies in this Chapter) to send the document;
|
二必要な調査を官庁若しくは公署、外国の官庁若しくは公署又は学校、商工会議所、取引所その他の団体(次条第一項第二号において「官公署等」という。)に嘱託すること。
|
(ii)commissioning a government agency or public office, a foreign government agency or public office, or a school, chamber of commerce, exchange, or any other organization (referred to as a "public agency, etc." in paragraph (1), item (ii) of the following Article) to conduct the necessary examination;
|
三専門的な知識経験を有する者にその専門的な知識経験に基づく意見の陳述を嘱託すること。
|
(iii)commissioning a person who has expert knowledge and experience to state an opinion based on such expert knowledge and experience;
|
四執行官に対し、物の形状、占有関係その他の現況について調査を命ずること。
|
(iv)ordering a court execution officer to conduct an examination into the form, possession, or other current conditions of an object.
|
(2)A petition for a disposition as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be filed within an inalterable time frame of four months from the day on which the advance notice is provided; provided, however, that this does not apply if the adverse party consents to the petition's being filed after the expiration of this time frame.
|
|
(証拠収集の処分の管轄裁判所等)
|
(Court of Jurisdiction in Dispositions on the Collection of Evidence)
|
第百三十二条の五次の各号に掲げる処分の申立ては、それぞれ当該各号に定める地を管轄する地方裁判所にしなければならない。
|
Article 132-5(1)A petition for a disposition listed in one of the following items shall be filed with the district court of jurisdiction for the place specified in the relevant item:
|
一前条第一項第一号の処分の申立て申立人若しくは相手方の普通裁判籍の所在地又は文書を所持する者の居所
|
(i)a petition for the disposition as referred to in paragraph (1), item (i) of the preceding Article:the locality that constitutes the general venue for an action involving the petitioner or for an action involving the adverse party, or the residence of the person in possession of the document
|
二前条第一項第二号の処分の申立て申立人若しくは相手方の普通裁判籍の所在地又は調査の嘱託を受けるべき官公署等の所在地
|
(ii)a petition for the disposition as referred to in paragraph (1), item (ii) of the preceding Article:the locality that constitutes the general venue for an action involving the petitioner or for an action involving the adverse party, or the locality of the public agency, etc. that would undertake the commission for the examination;
|
三前条第一項第三号の処分の申立て申立人若しくは相手方の普通裁判籍の所在地又は特定の物につき意見の陳述の嘱託がされるべき場合における当該特定の物の所在地
|
(iii)a petition for the disposition as referred to in paragraph (1), item (iii) of the preceding Article:the locality that constitutes the general venue for an action involving the petitioner or for an action involving the adverse party, or the location of the specific object about which the commission would be issued for a statement of opinions;
|
四前条第一項第四号の処分の申立て調査に係る物の所在地
|
(iv)a petition for the disposition as referred to in paragraph (1), item (iv) of the preceding Article:the location of the object connected with the examination.
|
(証拠収集の処分の手続等)
|
(Procedures for a Disposition on the Collection of Evidence)
|
第百三十二条の六裁判所は、第百三十二条の四第一項第一号から第三号までの処分をする場合には、嘱託を受けた者が文書の送付、調査結果の報告又は意見の陳述をすべき期間を定めなければならない。
|
Article 132-6(1)If the court reaches a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iii), it shall specify a time frame during which the person issued the commission shall send the document, report the examination results, or state an opinion.
|
(2)A report of examination results in connection with a commission as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), item (ii) or an order as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), item (iv), or a statement of opinion under the commission as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), item (iii) shall be offered by means of a paper document.
|
|
(4)The court shall retain any document sent thereto and any written report of examination results or written statement of opinion during the one-month period after the day on which the court notifies the petitioner and the adverse party as prescribed in the provision of the preceding paragraph, in order to provide them for the petitioner's and the adverse party's use through the process specified in the following Article.
|
|
(5)The provision of Article 180, paragraph (1) applies mutatis mutandis to a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), the provision of Article 184, paragraph (1) applies mutatis mutandis to a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), items (i) to (iii), and the provision of Article 213 applies mutatis mutandis to a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1), item (iii).
|
|
(事件の記録の閲覧等)
|
(Inspection of the Record of a Case)
|
第百三十二条の七申立人及び相手方は、裁判所書記官に対し、第百三十二条の四第一項の処分の申立てに係る事件の記録の閲覧若しくは謄写、その正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付又は当該事件に関する事項の証明書の交付を請求することができる。
|
Article 132-7(1)The petitioner and the adverse party may file a request with the court clerk to inspect or copy the record of a case in connection with which a petition for a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1) has been filed, to be issued an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of such a record, or to be issued a certificate of the particulars of said case.
|
(2)The provisions of Article 91, paragraphs (4) and (5) apply mutatis mutandis to the record as referred to in the preceding paragraph. In this, the term "the preceding paragraph" in paragraph (4) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "Article 132-7, paragraph (1)", and the phrase "a party to the case or a third party that makes a prima facie showing of interest" is deemed to be replaced with "the petitioner or the adverse party".
|
|
(不服申立ての不許)
|
(Appeal Not Permitted)
|
第百三十二条の八第百三十二条の四第一項の処分の申立てについての裁判に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。
|
Article 132-8No appeal may be entered against a judicial decision on a petition for a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1).
|
(証拠収集の処分に係る裁判に関する費用の負担)
|
(Burden of Costs in Connection with a Judicial Decision Involving a Disposition for the Collection of Evidence)
|
第百三十二条の九第百三十二条の四第一項の処分の申立てについての裁判に関する費用は、申立人の負担とする。
|
Article 132-9Costs involved in a judicial decision on a petition for a disposition as referred to in Article 132-4, paragraph (1) are borne by the petitioner.
|
第七章 電子情報処理組織による申立て等
|
Chapter VII Filing Petitions Through Electronic Data Processing Systems
|
第百三十二条の十民事訴訟に関する手続における申立てその他の申述(以下「申立て等」という。)のうち、当該申立て等に関するこの法律その他の法令の規定により書面等(書面、書類、文書、謄本、抄本、正本、副本、複本その他文字、図形等人の知覚によって認識することができる情報が記載された紙その他の有体物をいう。以下同じ。)をもってするものとされているものであって、最高裁判所の定める裁判所に対してするもの(当該裁判所の裁判長、受命裁判官、受託裁判官又は裁判所書記官に対してするものを含む。)については、当該法令の規定にかかわらず、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、電子情報処理組織(裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機(入出力装置を含む。以下同じ。)と申立て等をする者又は第三百九十九条第一項の規定による処分の告知を受ける者の使用に係る電子計算機とを電気通信回線で接続した電子情報処理組織をいう。第三百九十七条から第四百一条までにおいて同じ。)を用いてすることができる。ただし、督促手続に関する申立て等であって、支払督促の申立てが書面をもってされたものについては、この限りでない。
|
Article 132-10(1)A petition or other statement connected with proceedings in a civil action (hereinafter referred to as a "Petition, etc.") which, pursuant to the provisions of this Code or other laws and regulations concerning said Petition, etc., is to be filed or entered with the court specified by the Supreme Court (including one to be filed or entered with that court's presiding judge, authorized judge, commissioned judge, or court clerk) by means of Paper Documents, etc. (meaning a paper document, a transcript, extract, authenticated copy, or duplicate of a document, a duplicate of a bill or note, or any other paper or other tangible object into which information that can be perceived with the human senses, such as characters and shapes, has been entered; the same applies hereinafter), may be filed or entered using electronic data processing systems (meaning the electronic data processing systems that connect a Computer (including its input and output devices; the same applies hereinafter) used by the court and the Computer used by the person filing the petition, etc. or the person receiving notice of a disposition under the provision of Article 399, paragraph (1), over telecommunication lines; the same applies in Articles 397 to 401) as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, notwithstanding the provisions of said laws and regulations; provided, however, that this does not apply to a Petition, etc. connected with demand procedures if the application for a demand for payment is filed by means of a paper document.
|
(2)A Petition, etc. filed pursuant to the provision of the main clause of the preceding paragraph is deemed to have been filed by means of the Paper Documents, etc. prescribed in the provisions of the laws and regulations relevant to said Petition, etc., in which it is provided that the Petition, etc. is to be filed by means of a Paper Documents, etc., and the provisions of the laws and regulations relevant to said Petition, etc. apply.
|
|
(4)Notwithstanding the provisions of other laws and regulations, in a case as referred to in the main clause of paragraph (1), a person filing a Petition, etc. that is to bear a signature, etc. (meaning the relevant person's signature, name, or seal or other inclusion of the relevant person's name or trade name in Paper Documents, etc.; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) pursuant to the provisions of other laws and regulations relevant to said Petition, etc., in lieu of affixing said signature, etc., shall take measures to clarify the name or trade name of the person filing said Petition, etc., as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
|
|
(5)When a Petition, etc. filed pursuant to the provision of the main clause of paragraph (1) (excluding a Petition, etc. filed during demand procedures; the same applies in the following paragraph) has been recorded in the file prescribed in paragraph (3), the court as referred to in paragraph (1) shall output the contents of the data recorded in said file in the form of a paper document.
|
|
(6)The inspection or copying of a case record or issuance of an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of a case record under the provisions of Article 91, paragraph (1) or (3) (referred to as the "inspection, etc. of a case record" in Article 401) that includes a Petition, etc. filed pursuant to the provision of the main clause of paragraph (1), is to be effected by means of the paper document as referred to in the preceding paragraph. The same applies to service or delivery of a document in connection with said Petition, etc.
|
|
第二編 第一審の訴訟手続
|
Part II Litigation Proceedings in the First Instance
|
第一章 訴え
|
Chapter I Actions
|
(訴え提起の方式)
|
(Formalities of Filing of an Action)
|
第百三十三条訴えの提起は、訴状を裁判所に提出してしなければならない。
|
Article 133(1)An action shall be filed through the submission of a complaint to the court.
|
一当事者及び法定代理人
|
(i)the parties and statutory agents;
|
二請求の趣旨及び原因
|
(ii)the object of the claim and a statement of the claims.
|
(証書真否確認の訴え)
|
(Action for Declaratory Judgment as to the Validity of a Certificate)
|
第百三十四条確認の訴えは、法律関係を証する書面の成立の真否を確定するためにも提起することができる。
|
Article 134An action for declaratory judgment may also be filed to determine the authenticity of the provenance of a paper document that certifies a legal relationship.
|
(将来の給付の訴え)
|
(Action for Future Performance)
|
第百三十五条将来の給付を求める訴えは、あらかじめその請求をする必要がある場合に限り、提起することができる。
|
Article 135An action seeking future performance may be filed only if it is necessary to claim this in advance.
|
(請求の併合)
|
(Joinder of Claims)
|
第百三十六条数個の請求は、同種の訴訟手続による場合に限り、一の訴えですることができる。
|
Article 136Multiple claims may only be filed in a single action if they are handled through the same kind of litigation proceeding.
|
(裁判長の訴状審査権)
|
(Presiding Judge's Authority to Examine a Complaint)
|
第百三十七条訴状が第百三十三条第二項の規定に違反する場合には、裁判長は、相当の期間を定め、その期間内に不備を補正すべきことを命じなければならない。民事訴訟費用等に関する法律(昭和四十六年法律第四十号)の規定に従い訴えの提起の手数料を納付しない場合も、同様とする。
|
Article 137(1)If a complaint is in violation of the provisions of Article 133, paragraph (2), the presiding judge shall specify a reasonable time frame and order that the defect to be corrected within that time frame. The same applies if the fees for filing of an action required under the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Procedure (Act No. 40 of 1971) have not been paid.
|
(訴状の送達)
|
(Service of a Complaint)
|
第百三十八条訴状は、被告に送達しなければならない。
|
Article 138(1)A complaint shall be served on the defendant.
|
(口頭弁論期日の指定)
|
(Designation of a Date for Oral Arguments)
|
第百三十九条訴えの提起があったときは、裁判長は、口頭弁論の期日を指定し、当事者を呼び出さなければならない。
|
Article 139When an action has been filed, the presiding judge shall designate a date for oral arguments and summon the parties to appear.
|
(口頭弁論を経ない訴えの却下)
|
(Dismissal of an Action Without Prejudice, Without Oral Arguments Being Heard)
|
第百四十条訴えが不適法でその不備を補正することができないときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、訴えを却下することができる。
|
Article 140If an action is not in accordance with the law and this defect cannot be corrected, the court may enter a judgment to dismiss the action without prejudice, without hearing oral arguments.
|
(呼出費用の予納がない場合の訴えの却下)
|
(Dismissal of an Action Without Prejudice When Expenses for a Summons Have Not Been Prepaid)
|
第百四十一条裁判所は、民事訴訟費用等に関する法律の規定に従い当事者に対する期日の呼出しに必要な費用の予納を相当の期間を定めて原告に命じた場合において、その予納がないときは、被告に異議がない場合に限り、決定で、訴えを却下することができる。
|
Article 141(1)If the court has specified a reasonable time frame and ordered the plaintiff to prepay the necessary expenses for summoning the parties to appear for a court date under the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Procedure, but those expenses have not been prepaid, the court may rule to dismiss the action without prejudice, in the form of a ruling, but only if the defendant has no objection to this.
|
(重複する訴えの提起の禁止)
|
(Prohibition Against the Filing of Duplicate Actions)
|
第百四十二条裁判所に係属する事件については、当事者は、更に訴えを提起することができない。
|
Article 142It is not permitted for a party to a case pending before the court to file another action in the case.
|
(訴えの変更)
|
(Amendment of a Claim)
|
第百四十三条原告は、請求の基礎に変更がない限り、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、請求又は請求の原因を変更することができる。ただし、これにより著しく訴訟手続を遅滞させることとなるときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 143(1)As long as it does not fundamentally change the claim, the plaintiff may amend the claim or the statement of the claims until such time as oral arguments have reached a conclusion; provided, however, that this does not apply if doing so would substantially delay the litigation proceedings.
|
(選定者に係る請求の追加)
|
(Addition of Appointers' Claims)
|
第百四十四条第三十条第三項の規定による原告となるべき者の選定があった場合には、その者は、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、その選定者のために請求の追加をすることができる。
|
Article 144(1)If a party is appointed to stand as plaintiff through an appointment under the provision of Article 30, paragraph (3), that party may add a claim on behalf of the appointers until such time as oral arguments have reached a conclusion.
|
(中間確認の訴え)
|
(Action with an Interlocutory Declaration)
|
第百四十五条裁判が訴訟の進行中に争いとなっている法律関係の成立又は不成立に係るときは、当事者は、請求を拡張して、その法律関係の確認の判決を求めることができる。ただし、その確認の請求が他の裁判所の専属管轄(当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。)に属するときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 145(1)If the judicial decision being sought in pending litigation is connected with the validity or invalidity of the legal relationship in dispute, a party may expand the claim and request a declaratory judgment as to such legal relationship; provided, however, that this does not apply if the request for a declaration as to the relationship is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court (excluding one determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11).
|
(2)If the litigation as referred to in the preceding paragraph is pending before the court specified in any of the items of Article 6, paragraph (1), and the request for the declaration as referred to in the preceding paragraph is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of that Article, the provision of the proviso to the preceding paragraph do not apply.
|
|
(反訴)
|
(Counterclaims)
|
第百四十六条被告は、本訴の目的である請求又は防御の方法と関連する請求を目的とする場合に限り、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、本訴の係属する裁判所に反訴を提起することができる。ただし、次に掲げる場合は、この限りでない。
|
Article 146(1)The defendant may file a counterclaim with the court where the principal action is pending up until such time as oral arguments have reached a conclusion, but only if the subject matter of the counterclaim is a claim with a bearing on the claim that is the subject matter of the principal action or with a bearing on the means of defense; provided, however, that this does not apply in the following cases:
|
一反訴の目的である請求が他の裁判所の専属管轄(当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。)に属するとき。
|
(i)if the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court (excluding one determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11);
|
二反訴の提起により著しく訴訟手続を遅滞させることとなるとき。
|
(ii)if the filing of a counterclaim would substantially delay litigation proceedings.
|
(2)If the principal action is pending before a court specified in any of the items of Article 6, paragraph (1), and the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of that Article, the provision of item (i) of the preceding paragraph does not apply.
|
|
(3)If the Japanese courts have no jurisdiction over a claim that is the subject matter of a counterclaim, the defendant may file a counterclaim pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) only if the subject matter of the counterclaim is a claim with a close bearing on the claim that is the subject matter of the principal action or with a close bearing on the means of defense; provided, however, that this does not apply if the Japanese courts have no jurisdiction over the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim pursuant to the provisions on exclusive jurisdiction.
|
|
(時効中断等の効力発生の時期)
|
(When Interruption of Prescription Takes Effect)
|
第百四十七条時効の中断又は法律上の期間の遵守のために必要な裁判上の請求は、訴えを提起した時又は第百四十三条第二項(第百四十四条第三項及び第百四十五条第四項において準用する場合を含む。)の書面を裁判所に提出した時に、その効力を生ずる。
|
Article 147The necessary judicial claim to interrupt prescription or cause a statutory time frame to be observed takes effect at the time that an action is filed or at the time that the paper document as referred to in Article 143, paragraph (2) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 144, paragraph (3) or Article 145, paragraph (4)) is submitted to the court.
|
第二章 計画審理
|
Chapter II Planned Trials
|
(訴訟手続の計画的進行)
|
(Planned Progress of Litigation Proceedings)
|
第百四十七条の二裁判所及び当事者は、適正かつ迅速な審理の実現のため、訴訟手続の計画的な進行を図らなければならない。
|
Article 147-2The court and the parties, in order to achieve a fair and speedy trial, shall endeavor to abide by the planned progress of litigation proceedings.
|
(審理の計画)
|
(Plan for Trial)
|
第百四十七条の三裁判所は、審理すべき事項が多数であり又は錯そうしているなど事件が複雑であることその他の事情によりその適正かつ迅速な審理を行うため必要があると認められるときは、当事者双方と協議をし、その結果を踏まえて審理の計画を定めなければならない。
|
Article 147-3(1)If due to the complexities of a case, such as the large number of particulars that shall be examined or complications involving the same, or if due to any other circumstances, it is found to be necessary in order for the court to hold a fair and speedy trial, the court shall consult with both parties and formulate a plan for trial based on the outcome of that consultation.
|
一争点及び証拠の整理を行う期間
|
(i)the time frame for arranging issues and evidence;
|
二証人及び当事者本人の尋問を行う期間
|
(ii)the time frame for examining witnesses and the parties themselves;
|
三口頭弁論の終結及び判決の言渡しの予定時期
|
(iii)the intended time frame for concluding oral arguments and rendering a judgment.
|
(3)In addition to the particulars set forth in the items of the preceding paragraph, the plan for trial as referred to in paragraph (1) may specify the time frame for presenting allegations or evidence with regard to any specific matter, and any other particulars that are necessary from the perspective of the planned progress of litigation proceedings.
|
|
(4)If the court finds it necessary in consideration of the current status of a trial, the status of the party's pursuit of litigation, and any other circumstances, the court may consult with both parties and modify the plan for trial as referred to in paragraph (1) based on the outcome of the consultation.
|
|
第三章 口頭弁論及びその準備
|
Chapter III Oral Arguments and Preparation Therefor
|
第一節 口頭弁論
|
Section 1 Oral Arguments
|
(裁判長の訴訟指揮権)
|
(Presiding Judge's Authority to Control Litigation Proceedings)
|
第百四十八条口頭弁論は、裁判長が指揮する。
|
Article 148(1)The presiding judge directs oral arguments.
|
(釈明権等)
|
(Authority to Ask for an Explanation)
|
第百四十九条裁判長は、口頭弁論の期日又は期日外において、訴訟関係を明瞭にするため、事実上及び法律上の事項に関し、当事者に対して問いを発し、又は立証を促すことができる。
|
Article 149(1)The presiding judge, on a date for oral arguments or on any other date, may ask questions of a party or call for a party to give proof with regard to a factual or legal matter, in order to clarify a matter that is related to the litigation.
|
(4)If the presiding judge or associate judge takes the measures under the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) on a date other than a date for oral arguments with regard to a matter that could materially change the allegations or evidence, the judge shall notify the adverse party of the content thereof.
|
|
(訴訟指揮等に対する異議)
|
(Objection to the Control of Litigation Proceedings)
|
第百五十条当事者が、口頭弁論の指揮に関する裁判長の命令又は前条第一項若しくは第二項の規定による裁判長若しくは陪席裁判官の処置に対し、異議を述べたときは、裁判所は、決定で、その異議について裁判をする。
|
Article 150If a party objects to an order issued by the presiding judge in connection with the control of oral arguments or objects to the measures taken by the presiding judge or associate judge under the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, the court reaches a judicial decision on such objection in the form of a ruling.
|
(釈明処分)
|
(Order for Clarification)
|
第百五十一条裁判所は、訴訟関係を明瞭にするため、次に掲げる処分をすることができる。
|
Article 151(1)In order to clarify a matter related to litigation, the court may reach any of the following dispositions:
|
一当事者本人又はその法定代理人に対し、口頭弁論の期日に出頭することを命ずること。
|
(i)ordering one of the parties themselves or the statutory agent thereof to appear on a date for oral arguments;
|
二口頭弁論の期日において、当事者のため事務を処理し、又は補助する者で裁判所が相当と認めるものに陳述をさせること。
|
(ii)requesting a person that the court considers to be appropriate, and who handles a party's business affairs or acts as a party's assistant, to enter a statement on a date for oral arguments;
|
三訴訟書類又は訴訟において引用した文書その他の物件で当事者の所持するものを提出させること。
|
(iii)requesting the submission of a litigation document, document cited during litigation, or any other object held by a party;
|
四当事者又は第三者の提出した文書その他の物件を裁判所に留め置くこと。
|
(iv)retaining a document or other object submitted by a party or a third party at the court;
|
五検証をし、又は鑑定を命ずること。
|
(v)inspecting evidence or ordering expert testimony;
|
六調査を嘱託すること。
|
(vi)commissioning an examination.
|
(口頭弁論の併合等)
|
(Consolidation of Oral Arguments)
|
第百五十二条裁判所は、口頭弁論の制限、分離若しくは併合を命じ、又はその命令を取り消すことができる。
|
Article 152(1)The court may order the restriction, separation, or consolidation of oral arguments, or revoke such order.
|
(口頭弁論の再開)
|
(Resumption of Oral Arguments)
|
第百五十三条裁判所は、終結した口頭弁論の再開を命ずることができる。
|
Article 153The court may order the resumption of oral arguments that have been concluded.
|
(通訳人の立会い等)
|
(Presence of Interpreters)
|
第百五十四条口頭弁論に関与する者が日本語に通じないとき、又は耳が聞こえない者若しくは口がきけない者であるときは、通訳人を立ち会わせる。ただし、耳が聞こえない者又は口がきけない者には、文字で問い、又は陳述をさせることができる。
|
Article 154(1)If a person participating in oral arguments is unable to communicate in Japanese or is unable to hear or speak, arrangements are made for an interpreter to be present at oral arguments; provided, however, that it is permissible to ask questions of a person who is unable to hear or speak or to cause such a person to enter a statement, by means of writing.
|
(弁論能力を欠く者に対する措置)
|
(Measures for Persons Lacking the Ability to Participate in Oral Arguments)
|
第百五十五条裁判所は、訴訟関係を明瞭にするために必要な陳述をすることができない当事者、代理人又は補佐人の陳述を禁じ、口頭弁論の続行のため新たな期日を定めることができる。
|
Article 155(1)The court may prohibit a party, agent, or assistant in court who is unable to enter the necessary statement for clarifying a matter related to the litigation, from entering a statement, and specify a new date for continuing oral arguments.
|
(攻撃防御方法の提出時期)
|
(Timing for Presenting Allegations and Evidence)
|
第百五十六条攻撃又は防御の方法は、訴訟の進行状況に応じ適切な時期に提出しなければならない。
|
Article 156Allegations and evidence shall be presented at an appropriate time, in accordance with the status of progress in the litigation.
|
(審理の計画が定められている場合の攻撃防御方法の提出期間)
|
(Time Frame for Presenting Allegations and Evidence When a Plan for Trial Has Been Set)
|
第百五十六条の二第百四十七条の三第一項の審理の計画に従った訴訟手続の進行上必要があると認めるときは、裁判長は、当事者の意見を聴いて、特定の事項についての攻撃又は防御の方法を提出すべき期間を定めることができる。
|
Article 156-2If the presiding judge finds it to be necessary for the progress of litigation proceedings based on a plan for trial as referred to in Article 147-3, paragraph (1), the presiding judge may specify a time frame for presenting allegations and evidence on a specific matter, after hearing the opinions of the parties.
|
(時機に後れた攻撃防御方法の却下等)
|
(Dismissal of Allegations or Evidence Presented After Its Time Without Prejudice)
|
第百五十七条当事者が故意又は重大な過失により時機に後れて提出した攻撃又は防御の方法については、これにより訴訟の完結を遅延させることとなると認めたときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、却下の決定をすることができる。
|
Article 157(1)With regard to allegations or evidence that a party has presented after the time for doing so, whether intentionally or through gross negligence, if the court finds that such allegations or evidence will delay the conclusion of litigation, it may rule to dismiss them without prejuice, upon petition or sua sponte.
|
(審理の計画が定められている場合の攻撃防御方法の却下)
|
(Dismissal of Allegations or Evidence Without Prejudice When a Plan for Trial Is Set)
|
第百五十七条の二第百四十七条の三第三項又は第百五十六条の二(第百七十条第五項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定により特定の事項についての攻撃又は防御の方法を提出すべき期間が定められている場合において、当事者がその期間の経過後に提出した攻撃又は防御の方法については、これにより審理の計画に従った訴訟手続の進行に著しい支障を生ずるおそれがあると認めたときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、却下の決定をすることができる。ただし、その当事者がその期間内に当該攻撃又は防御の方法を提出することができなかったことについて相当の理由があることを疎明したときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 157-2If a time frame for presenting allegations and evidence on a specific matter is specified pursuant to the provisions of Article 147-3, paragraph (3) or Article 156-2 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 170, paragraph (5)), and the court, with regard to allegations or evidence that a party has presented after the expiration of such time frame, finds that such allegations or evidence would be substantially detrimental to the progress of litigation proceedings based on the plan for trial, the court may rule to dismiss them without prejudice upon petition or sua sponte; provided, however, that this does not apply if the party has made a prima facie showing of reasonable grounds for the party having been unable to present the allegations or evidence within that time frame.
|
(訴状等の陳述の擬制)
|
(Constructive Statements in a Complaint)
|
第百五十八条原告又は被告が最初にすべき口頭弁論の期日に出頭せず、又は出頭したが本案の弁論をしないときは、裁判所は、その者が提出した訴状又は答弁書その他の準備書面に記載した事項を陳述したものとみなし、出頭した相手方に弁論をさせることができる。
|
Article 158If a plaintiff or defendant does not appear on the first date for oral arguments or appears on that date but does not present any oral arguments on the merits, the court may deem the plaintiff or defendant to have stated the particulars detailed in the complaint or written answer or any other brief that party has submitted, and have the adverse party who has appeared on that date present oral arguments.
|
(自白の擬制)
|
(Constructive Admission)
|
第百五十九条当事者が口頭弁論において相手方の主張した事実を争うことを明らかにしない場合には、その事実を自白したものとみなす。ただし、弁論の全趣旨により、その事実を争ったものと認めるべきときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 159(1)If a party, during oral arguments, does not make it clear that the party denies a fact alleged by the adverse party, the party is deemed to have admitted that fact; provided, however, that this does not apply if it should be found, based on the entire import of oral arguments, that the party has denied such a fact.
|
(口頭弁論調書)
|
(Record of Oral Arguments)
|
第百六十条裁判所書記官は、口頭弁論について、期日ごとに調書を作成しなければならない。
|
Article 160(1)The court clerk shall prepare a record of oral arguments for each date of oral arguments.
|
第二節 準備書面等
|
Section 2 Briefs
|
(準備書面)
|
(Briefs)
|
第百六十一条口頭弁論は、書面で準備しなければならない。
|
Article 161(1)Oral arguments shall be prepared in writing.
|
一攻撃又は防御の方法
|
(i)allegations and evidence;
|
二相手方の請求及び攻撃又は防御の方法に対する陳述
|
(ii)statements about the adverse party's claim and allegations and evidence.
|
(準備書面等の提出期間)
|
(Time Frame for Submission of Briefs)
|
第百六十二条裁判長は、答弁書若しくは特定の事項に関する主張を記載した準備書面の提出又は特定の事項に関する証拠の申出をすべき期間を定めることができる。
|
Article 162The presiding judge may specify a time frame for submitting a written answer or a brief detailing an allegation with regard to a specific matter or for offering evidence of a specific matter.
|
(当事者照会)
|
(Inquiry by a Party)
|
第百六十三条当事者は、訴訟の係属中、相手方に対し、主張又は立証を準備するために必要な事項について、相当の期間を定めて、書面で回答するよう、書面で照会をすることができる。ただし、その照会が次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 163While litigation is pending, a party may specify a reasonable time frame for response and direct a written inquiry to the adverse party, so as to elicit from that party a written response with regard to particulars that are necessary for preparing allegations or proof; provided, however, that this does not apply if the inquiry falls under any of the following items:
|
一具体的又は個別的でない照会
|
(i)an inquiry that is non-concrete or non-specific;
|
二相手方を侮辱し、又は困惑させる照会
|
(ii)an inquiry that insults the adverse party or that inhibits a free choice of response;
|
三既にした照会と重複する照会
|
(iii)an inquiry that constitutes a repetition of any previous inquiry;
|
四意見を求める照会
|
(iv)an inquiry asking for an opinion;
|
五相手方が回答するために不相当な費用又は時間を要する照会
|
(v)an inquiry that would require unreasonable expense or time for the adverse party to respond to;
|
六第百九十六条又は第百九十七条の規定により証言を拒絶することができる事項と同様の事項についての照会
|
(vi)an inquiry about the same kind of particulars as those regarding which a person may refuse to testify pursuant to the provisions of Article 196 or Article 197.
|
第三節 争点及び証拠の整理手続
|
Section 3 Proceedings for Arranging Issues and Evidence
|
第一款 準備的口頭弁論
|
Subsection 1 Preliminary Oral Arguments
|
(準備的口頭弁論の開始)
|
(Commencement of Preliminary Oral Arguments)
|
第百六十四条裁判所は、争点及び証拠の整理を行うため必要があると認めるときは、この款に定めるところにより、準備的口頭弁論を行うことができる。
|
Article 164If the court finds it necessary in order to arrange issues and evidence, the court may hold preliminary oral arguments as provided for in this Subsection.
|
(証明すべき事実の確認等)
|
(Confirmation of the Facts That Will Be Proven)
|
第百六十五条裁判所は、準備的口頭弁論を終了するに当たり、その後の証拠調べにより証明すべき事実を当事者との間で確認するものとする。
|
Article 165(1)In closing preliminary oral arguments, the court is to confirm with the parties the facts that will be proven through the subsequent examination of evidence.
|
(当事者の不出頭等による終了)
|
(Closing of Proceedings Due to a Party's Non-Appearance)
|
第百六十六条当事者が期日に出頭せず、又は第百六十二条の規定により定められた期間内に準備書面の提出若しくは証拠の申出をしないときは、裁判所は、準備的口頭弁論を終了することができる。
|
Article 166If a party does not appear for a court date or does not submit a brief or offer evidence within the time frame specified pursuant to the provision of Article 162, the court may close preliminary oral arguments.
|
(準備的口頭弁論終了後の攻撃防御方法の提出)
|
(Presentation of Allegations and Evidence After the Close of Preliminary Oral Arguments)
|
第百六十七条準備的口頭弁論の終了後に攻撃又は防御の方法を提出した当事者は、相手方の求めがあるときは、相手方に対し、準備的口頭弁論の終了前にこれを提出することができなかった理由を説明しなければならない。
|
Article 167At the request of the adverse party, a party that has presented allegations or evidence after the close of preliminary oral arguments shall explain to the adverse party the reasons that the party was unable to present the allegations or evidence prior to the close of preliminary oral arguments.
|
第二款 弁論準備手続
|
Subsection 2 Preparatory Proceedings
|
(弁論準備手続の開始)
|
(Commencement of Preparatory Proceedings)
|
第百六十八条裁判所は、争点及び証拠の整理を行うため必要があると認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、事件を弁論準備手続に付することができる。
|
Article 168If the court finds it to be necessary in order to arrange issues and evidence, the court may refer a case to preparatory proceedings, after hearing the opinions of the parties.
|
(弁論準備手続の期日)
|
(Date for Preparatory Proceedings)
|
第百六十九条弁論準備手続は、当事者双方が立ち会うことができる期日において行う。
|
Article 169(1)Preparatory proceedings are conducted on a date that both parties are able to attend.
|
(弁論準備手続における訴訟行為等)
|
(Procedural Acts in Preparatory Proceedings)
|
第百七十条裁判所は、当事者に準備書面を提出させることができる。
|
Article 170(1)The court may have a party submit a brief.
|
(3)If a party resides in a distant location or the court finds it to be appropriate for any other reason, after hearing the opinions of the parties, the court, as provided by the Rules of the Supreme Court, may conduct the proceedings on a date for preparatory proceedings in a way that enables the court and both parties to communicate with one another at the same time, through audio transmissions; provided, however, that this applies only if one of the parties appears on that date.
|
|
(受命裁判官による弁論準備手続)
|
(Preparatory Proceedings by an Authorized Judge)
|
第百七十一条裁判所は、受命裁判官に弁論準備手続を行わせることができる。
|
Article 171(1)The court may have an authorized judge conduct preparatory proceedings.
|
(2)When an authorized judge conducts preparatory proceedings, the court's and the presiding judge's duties under the provisions of the preceding two Articles (excluding the reaching of a judicial decision prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article) are performed by the authorized judge; provided, however, that a judicial decision on an objection under the provision of Article 150 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (5) of that Article and a judicial decision on dismissal without prejudice under the provision of Article 157-2 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to that paragraph are reached by the court in charge of the case.
|
|
(3)An authorized judge who conducts preparatory proceedings may reach a judicial decision to commission an examination under the provisions of Article 186 or to commission expert testimony, a judicial decision regarding the offering of documentary evidence following the submission of documents (including the objects prescribed in Article 231), or a judicial decision to commission the sending of documents (including the objects prescribed in Article 229, paragraph (2) and Article 231).
|
|
(弁論準備手続に付する裁判の取消し)
|
(Revocation of a Judicial Decision to Refer a Case to Preparatory Proceedings)
|
第百七十二条裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、弁論準備手続に付する裁判を取り消すことができる。ただし、当事者双方の申立てがあるときは、これを取り消さなければならない。
|
Article 172If the court finds it to be appropriate, it may revoke a judicial decision to refer a case to preparatory proceedings, upon petition or sua sponte; provided, however, that the court shall revoke such a judicial decision if both parties so petition.
|
(弁論準備手続の結果の陳述)
|
(Statement of the Outcome of Preparatory Proceedings)
|
第百七十三条当事者は、口頭弁論において、弁論準備手続の結果を陳述しなければならない。
|
Article 173The parties, in oral arguments, shall state the outcome of preparatory proceedings.
|
(弁論準備手続終結後の攻撃防御方法の提出)
|
(Presenting Allegations and Evidence After the Close of Preparatory Proceedings)
|
第百七十四条第百六十七条の規定は、弁論準備手続の終結後に攻撃又は防御の方法を提出した当事者について準用する。
|
Article 174The provision of Article 167 applies mutatis mutandis to a party that has presented allegations or evidence after the close of preparatory proceedings.
|
第三款 書面による準備手続
|
Subsection 3 Written Preparatory Proceedings
|
(書面による準備手続の開始)
|
(Commencement of Written Preparatory Proceedings)
|
第百七十五条裁判所は、当事者が遠隔の地に居住しているときその他相当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、事件を書面による準備手続(当事者の出頭なしに準備書面の提出等により争点及び証拠の整理をする手続をいう。以下同じ。)に付することができる。
|
Article 175If a party resides in a distant location or if the court finds it to be appropriate for any other reason, the court may refer a case to Written Preparatory Proceedings (meaning proceedings for arranging issues and evidence through the submission of briefs, etc., without the appearance of the parties; the same applies hereinafter).
|
(書面による準備手続の方法等)
|
(Manner of Conducting Written Preparatory Proceedings)
|
第百七十六条書面による準備手続は、裁判長が行う。ただし、高等裁判所においては、受命裁判官にこれを行わせることができる。
|
Article 176(1)Written Preparatory Proceedings are conducted by the presiding judge; provided, however, that a high court may have an authorized judge conduct that proceedings.
|
(3)If the presiding judge, etc. finds it to be necessary, the judge, etc. may consult both parties with regard to particulars involved in the arrangement of issues and evidence or any other necessary particulars for oral arguments, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, in a way that enables the court and both parties to communicate with one another at the same time, through audio transmissions. To do so, the presiding judge, etc. may have the court clerk record the outcome of the consultation.
|
|
(証明すべき事実の確認)
|
(Confirmation of Facts to Be Proven)
|
第百七十七条裁判所は、書面による準備手続の終結後の口頭弁論の期日において、その後の証拠調べによって証明すべき事実を当事者との間で確認するものとする。
|
Article 177On a date for oral arguments held after the close of Written Preparatory Proceedings, the court is to confirm with the parties the facts to be proven through the subsequent examination of evidence.
|
(書面による準備手続終結後の攻撃防御方法の提出)
|
(Presenting Allegations and Evidence After the Close of Written Preparatory Proceedings)
|
第百七十八条書面による準備手続を終結した事件について、口頭弁論の期日において、第百七十六条第四項において準用する第百六十五条第二項の書面に記載した事項の陳述がされ、又は前条の規定による確認がされた後に攻撃又は防御の方法を提出した当事者は、相手方の求めがあるときは、相手方に対し、その陳述又は確認前にこれを提出することができなかった理由を説明しなければならない。
|
Article 178In a case for which Written Preparatory Proceedings have been closed, at the request of the adverse party, a party that presents allegations or evidence on a date for oral arguments after statements have been entered on the particulars detailed in the paper document as referred to in Article 165, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 176, paragraph (4) or after a confirmation has been made pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article, shall explain to the adverse party the reason that the party was unable to present the allegations or evidence prior to the statements or confirmation being entered.
|
第四章 証拠
|
Chapter IV Evidence
|
第一節 総則
|
Section 1 General Provisions
|
(証明することを要しない事実)
|
(Facts Not Required to Be Proven)
|
第百七十九条裁判所において当事者が自白した事実及び顕著な事実は、証明することを要しない。
|
Article 179Facts admitted by a party in court and obvious facts are not required to be proven.
|
(証拠の申出)
|
(Offering of Evidence)
|
第百八十条証拠の申出は、証明すべき事実を特定してしなければならない。
|
Article 180(1)In offering evidence, the fact to be proven thereby shall be specified.
|
(証拠調べを要しない場合)
|
(When Examination of Evidence Is Not Required)
|
第百八十一条裁判所は、当事者が申し出た証拠で必要でないと認めるものは、取り調べることを要しない。
|
Article 181(1)The court is not required to examine evidence offered by a party which the court considers to be unnecessary.
|
(集中証拠調べ)
|
(Focused Examination of Witnesses and Parties)
|
第百八十二条証人及び当事者本人の尋問は、できる限り、争点及び証拠の整理が終了した後に集中して行わなければならない。
|
Article 182The examination of witnesses and the parties themselves shall be conducted in as focused a manner as possible after the arrangement of issues and evidence is completed.
|
(当事者の不出頭の場合の取扱い)
|
(Handling When a Party Fails to Appear)
|
第百八十三条証拠調べは、当事者が期日に出頭しない場合においても、することができる。
|
Article 183The examination of evidence may be conducted even if neither party appears on a date for oral arguments.
|
(外国における証拠調べ)
|
(Examination of Evidence in a Foreign Country)
|
第百八十四条外国においてすべき証拠調べは、その国の管轄官庁又はその国に駐在する日本の大使、公使若しくは領事に嘱託してしなければならない。
|
Article 184(1)An examination of evidence that is to be conducted in a foreign country shall be conducted on commission to the competent government agency of that country or to the Japanese ambassador, minister, or consul stationed in that country.
|
(裁判所外における証拠調べ)
|
(Examination of Evidence Out of Court)
|
第百八十五条裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、裁判所外において証拠調べをすることができる。この場合においては、合議体の構成員に命じ、又は地方裁判所若しくは簡易裁判所に嘱託して証拠調べをさせることができる。
|
Article 185(1)If the court finds it to be appropriate, it may examine evidence out of court. To do so, it may order a member of a panel of judges or commission the district court or summary court to examine evidence.
|
(調査の嘱託)
|
(Commissioning of Examinations)
|
第百八十六条裁判所は、必要な調査を官庁若しくは公署、外国の官庁若しくは公署又は学校、商工会議所、取引所その他の団体に嘱託することができる。
|
Article 186The court may commission a government agency or public office, a foreign government agency or public office, or a school, chamber of commerce, exchange, or any other organization to conduct the necessary examinations.
|
(参考人等の審尋)
|
(Hearing of Witnesses)
|
第百八十七条裁判所は、決定で完結すべき事件について、参考人又は当事者本人を審尋することができる。ただし、参考人については、当事者が申し出た者に限る。
|
Article 187(1)In a case to be concluded with a ruling, the court may hear the witnesses and the parties themselves; provided, however, that such witnesses are limited to those requested by a party.
|
(疎明)
|
(Prima Facie Showings)
|
第百八十八条疎明は、即時に取り調べることができる証拠によってしなければならない。
|
Article 188Prima facie showings shall be made using evidence that can be examined immediately.
|
(過料の裁判の執行)
|
(Execution of a Judicial Decision for a Civil Fine)
|
第百八十九条この章の規定による過料の裁判は、検察官の命令で執行する。この命令は、執行力のある債務名義と同一の効力を有する。
|
Article 189(1)A judicial decision for a civil fine under the provisions of this Chapter is executed by order of the public prosecutor. This order has the same effect as an enforceable title of obligation.
|
(2)A judicial decision for a civil fine is enforced pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Execution Act (Act No. 4 of 1979) and other laws and regulations concerning procedures for compulsory execution; provided, however, that it is not necessary to serve a person with the judicial decision before executing it.
|
|
(4)If an immediate appeal is filed against a judicial decision for a civil fine after said judicial decision (hereinafter referred to as a "original judicial decision" in this paragraph) is executed, and the court in charge of the appeal finds there to be grounds for immediate appeal, reverses the original judicial decision, and reaches another judicial decision for a civil fine, its judicial decision for said civil fine is deemed to have been executed to the extent of the amount of the original judicial decision. In such a case, if the amount obtained as a result of the execution of the original judicial decision exceeds the amount of said civil fine, the amount in excess shall be refunded.
|
|
第二節 証人尋問
|
Section 2 Examination of Witnesses
|
(証人義務)
|
(Witnesses' Obligation)
|
第百九十条裁判所は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、何人でも証人として尋問することができる。
|
Article 190Except as otherwise provided, the court may examine any person as a witness.
|
(公務員の尋問)
|
(Examination of a Public Officer)
|
第百九十一条公務員又は公務員であった者を証人として職務上の秘密について尋問する場合には、裁判所は、当該監督官庁(衆議院若しくは参議院の議員又はその職にあった者についてはその院、内閣総理大臣その他の国務大臣又はその職にあった者については内閣)の承認を得なければならない。
|
Article 191(1)If the court will examine a public officer or a person who was a public officer as a witness with regard to any confidential information connected with that person's duties, the court shall obtain the approval of the relevant supervisory government agency (in the case of a member of the House of Representatives or House of Councillors or a person who held such office, the relevant House; in the case of the Prime Minister or any other Minister of State or a person who held such post, the Cabinet).
|
(不出頭に対する過料等)
|
(Civil Fines for Non-Appearance)
|
第百九十二条証人が正当な理由なく出頭しないときは、裁判所は、決定で、これによって生じた訴訟費用の負担を命じ、かつ、十万円以下の過料に処する。
|
Article 192(1)If a witness, without a legitimate reason for doing so, fails to appear, the court issues a ruling ordering the witness to bear any court costs incurred due to the witness's failure to appear, and sentences that witness to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.
|
(不出頭に対する罰金等)
|
(Criminal Fines for Non-Appearance)
|
第百九十三条証人が正当な理由なく出頭しないときは、十万円以下の罰金又は拘留に処する。
|
Article 193(1)If a witness fails to appear without a legitimate reason, the witness is sentenced to a criminal fine of not more than 100,000 yen or misdemeanor imprisonment without work.
|
(勾引)
|
(Subpoenas)
|
第百九十四条裁判所は、正当な理由なく出頭しない証人の勾引を命ずることができる。
|
Article 194(1)The court may subpoena a witness who fails to appear without a legitimate reason for failing to do so.
|
(2)The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure concerning subpoenas apply mutatis mutandis to a subpoena as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
|
|
(受命裁判官等による証人尋問)
|
(Examination of a Witness by an Authorized Judge)
|
第百九十五条裁判所は、次に掲げる場合に限り、受命裁判官又は受託裁判官に裁判所外で証人の尋問をさせることができる。
|
Article 195The court may have an authorized judge or a commissioned judge examine a witness out of court, but only in the following cases:
|
一証人が受訴裁判所に出頭する義務がないとき、又は正当な理由により出頭することができないとき。
|
(i)the witness has no obligation to appear before the court in charge of the case, or has a legitimate reason for being unable to appear before that court;
|
二証人が受訴裁判所に出頭するについて不相当な費用又は時間を要するとき。
|
(ii)it would require unreasonable expense or time for the witness to appear before the court in charge of the case;
|
三現場において証人を尋問することが事実を発見するために必要であるとき。
|
(iii)it is necessary to examine the witness at the scene of the dispute in order to discover a fact;
|
四当事者に異議がないとき。
|
(iv)neither party has any objection.
|
(証言拒絶権)
|
(Right to Refuse to Testify)
|
第百九十六条証言が証人又は証人と次に掲げる関係を有する者が刑事訴追を受け、又は有罪判決を受けるおそれがある事項に関するときは、証人は、証言を拒むことができる。証言がこれらの者の名誉を害すべき事項に関するときも、同様とする。
|
Article 196If a witness's testimony relates to a matter for which the witness, personally, or a person related to the witness in any of the following ways, would likely be subject to criminal prosecution or conviction, the witness may refuse to testify. The same applies if a witness's testimony relates to a matter that would harm the reputation of such persons:
|
一配偶者、四親等内の血族若しくは三親等内の姻族の関係にあり、又はあったこと。
|
(i)a person who is or was the witness's spouse, relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity, or relative within the third degree of affinity;
|
二後見人と被後見人の関係にあること。
|
(ii)the witness's guardian or a person under the guardianship of the witness.
|
一第百九十一条第一項の場合
|
(i)a case as referred to in Article 191, paragraph (1)
|
二医師、歯科医師、薬剤師、医薬品販売業者、助産師、弁護士(外国法事務弁護士を含む。)、弁理士、弁護人、公証人、宗教、祈祷若しくは祭祀の職にある者又はこれらの職にあった者が職務上知り得た事実で黙秘すべきものについて尋問を受ける場合
|
(ii)a person who is or was a doctor, dentist, pharmacist, pharmaceuticals distributor, birthing assistant, attorney at law (this includes registered foreign lawyers), patent attorney, defense counsel, notary, or person engaged in a religious occupation is examined with regard to any fact learned in the course of duty that shall remain confidential;
|
三技術又は職業の秘密に関する事項について尋問を受ける場合
|
(iii)the witness is examined with regard to a matter that involves a technical or professional secret.
|
(証言拒絶の理由の疎明)
|
(Prima Facie Showing of Reasons for Refusal to Testify)
|
第百九十八条証言拒絶の理由は、疎明しなければならない。
|
Article 198A prima facie showing shall be made of the grounds for a witness' refusal to testify.
|
(証言拒絶についての裁判)
|
(Judicial Decision on Refusal to Testify)
|
第百九十九条第百九十七条第一項第一号の場合を除き、証言拒絶の当否については、受訴裁判所が、当事者を審尋して、決定で、裁判をする。
|
Article 199(1)Except in the case as referred to in Article 197, paragraph (1), item (i), the court in charge of the case hears the parties and reaches a judicial decision, in the form of a ruling, on the propriety of the refusal to testify.
|
(証言拒絶に対する制裁)
|
(Sanctions for Refusal to Testify)
|
第二百条第百九十二条及び第百九十三条の規定は、証言拒絶を理由がないとする裁判が確定した後に証人が正当な理由なく証言を拒む場合について準用する。
|
Article 200The provisions of Articles 192 and 193 apply mutatis mutandis if, after a judicial decision finding no grounds for a witness' refusal to testify becomes final and binding, the witness still refuses to testify, without a legitimate reason for refusing to do so.
|
(宣誓)
|
(Oath)
|
第二百一条証人には、特別の定めがある場合を除き、宣誓をさせなければならない。
|
Article 201(1)Except as otherwise provided, the court shall have a witness swear under oath.
|
(5)The provisions of Articles 198 and 199 apply mutatis mutandis if a witness refuses to swear under oath, and the provisions of Articles 192 and 193 apply mutatis mutandis if, after a judicial decision finding no grounds for a refusal to testify becomes final and binding, the witness still refuses to testify, without a legitimate reason for refusing to do so.
|
|
(尋問の順序)
|
(Order of Examination)
|
第二百二条証人の尋問は、その尋問の申出をした当事者、他の当事者、裁判長の順序でする。
|
Article 202(1)A witness is examined by the party requesting the examination, the other party, and the presiding judge, in that order.
|
(書類に基づく陳述の禁止)
|
(Prohibition Against Statements Based Off of Documents)
|
第二百三条証人は、書類に基づいて陳述することができない。ただし、裁判長の許可を受けたときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 203A witness may not enter a statement that is based off of a document; provided, however, that this does not apply if the witness obtains the permission of the presiding judge.
|
(映像等の送受信による通話の方法による尋問)
|
(Examination Based on Communication Through Audio and Visual Transmissions)
|
第二百四条裁判所は、遠隔の地に居住する証人の尋問をする場合には、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、隔地者が映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によって、尋問をすることができる。
|
Article 204When examining a witness who resides in a distant location, the court, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, may examine the witness in a way that enables persons at a distance to communicate with an awareness of one another's state of being, through audio and visual transmissions.
|
(尋問に代わる書面の提出)
|
(Submission of Paper Documents in Lieu of Examination)
|
第二百五条裁判所は、相当と認める場合において、当事者に異議がないときは、証人の尋問に代え、書面の提出をさせることができる。
|
Article 205If the court finds it to be appropriate and neither party objects, the court may have a witness submit a paper document in lieu of witness examination.
|
(受命裁判官等の権限)
|
(Powers of an Authorized Judge)
|
第二百六条受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が証人尋問をする場合には、裁判所及び裁判長の職務は、その裁判官が行う。ただし、第二百二条第三項の規定による異議についての裁判は、受訴裁判所がする。
|
Article 206If an authorized judge or a commissioned judge examines a witness, the relevant judge performs the duties of the court and the presiding judge; provided, however, that a judicial decision on an objection under the provision of Article 202, paragraph (3) is reached by the court in charge of the case.
|
第三節 当事者尋問
|
Section 3 Examination of the Parties
|
(当事者本人の尋問)
|
(Examination of Parties Themselves)
|
第二百七条裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、当事者本人を尋問することができる。この場合においては、その当事者に宣誓をさせることができる。
|
Article 207(1)The court, upon petition or sua sponte, may examine the parties themselves. To do so, the court may have the party in question swear under oath.
|
(不出頭等の効果)
|
(Result of Non-Appearance)
|
第二百八条当事者本人を尋問する場合において、その当事者が、正当な理由なく、出頭せず、又は宣誓若しくは陳述を拒んだときは、裁判所は、尋問事項に関する相手方の主張を真実と認めることができる。
|
Article 208If one of the parties themselves is to be examined and that party, without a legitimate reason, fails to appear or refuses to swear under oath or enter a statement, the court may find that the opposing party's allegations concerning the matters for examination are true.
|
(虚偽の陳述に対する過料)
|
(Civil Fines for False Statements)
|
第二百九条宣誓した当事者が虚偽の陳述をしたときは、裁判所は、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処する。
|
Article 209(1)If a party who has sworn under oath has entered a false statement, the court issues a ruling sentencing the party to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.
|
(証人尋問の規定の準用)
|
(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on the Examination of Witnesses)
|
第二百十条第百九十五条、第二百一条第二項、第二百二条から第二百四条まで及び第二百六条の規定は、当事者本人の尋問について準用する。
|
Article 210The provisions of Article 195; Article 201, paragraph (2); Articles 202 to 204; and Article 206 apply mutatis mutandis to the examination of the parties themselves.
|
(法定代理人の尋問)
|
(Examination of Statutory Agents)
|
第二百十一条この法律中当事者本人の尋問に関する規定は、訴訟において当事者を代表する法定代理人について準用する。ただし、当事者本人を尋問することを妨げない。
|
Article 211The provisions of this Code concerning the examination of the parties themselves apply mutatis mutandis with regard to a statutory agent who represents a party in litigation; provided, however, that this does not preclude the examination of the parties themselves.
|
第四節 鑑定
|
Section 4 Expert Testimony
|
(鑑定義務)
|
(Obligation to Give Expert Testimony)
|
第二百十二条鑑定に必要な学識経験を有する者は、鑑定をする義務を負う。
|
Article 212(1)A person who has the relevant knowledge and experience necessary to give expert testimony bears the obligation to give expert testimony.
|
(鑑定人の指定)
|
(Designation of Experts)
|
第二百十三条鑑定人は、受訴裁判所、受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が指定する。
|
Article 213An expert is designated by the court in charge of the case, an authorized judge or a commissioned judge.
|
(忌避)
|
(Challenge)
|
第二百十四条鑑定人について誠実に鑑定をすることを妨げるべき事情があるときは、当事者は、その鑑定人が鑑定事項について陳述をする前に、これを忌避することができる。鑑定人が陳述をした場合であっても、その後に、忌避の原因が生じ、又は当事者がその原因があることを知ったときは、同様とする。
|
Article 214(1)If there are circumstances in which an expert is involved that could prevent expert testimony from being given in good faith, a party may challenge the expert before the expert enters a statement about a matter involved in the expert testimony. The same applies if, after an expert enters a statement, any grounds for challenge occur or a party becomes aware of the existence of any grounds for challenge.
|
(鑑定人の陳述の方式等)
|
(Formalities of Statements by Experts)
|
第二百十五条裁判長は、鑑定人に、書面又は口頭で、意見を述べさせることができる。
|
Article 215(1)The presiding judge may have an expert state an opinion in writing or orally.
|
(鑑定人質問)
|
(Asking Questions of an Expert)
|
第二百十五条の二裁判所は、鑑定人に口頭で意見を述べさせる場合には、鑑定人が意見の陳述をした後に、鑑定人に対し質問をすることができる。
|
Article 215-2(1)If the court has an expert state an opinion orally, it may ask the expert questions after the expert has stated the opinion.
|
(映像等の送受信による通話の方法による陳述)
|
(Statements Based on Communication Through Audio and Visual Transmissions)
|
第二百十五条の三裁判所は、鑑定人に口頭で意見を述べさせる場合において、鑑定人が遠隔の地に居住しているときその他相当と認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、隔地者が映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によって、意見を述べさせることができる。
|
Article 215-3If the court has an expert state an opinion orally, and the expert resides in a distant location or the court finds it to be appropriate for any other reason, the court, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, may have the expert state an opinion in a way that enables persons at a distance to communicate with an awareness of one another's state of being, through audio and visual transmissions.
|
(受命裁判官等の権限)
|
(Powers of an Authorized Judge)
|
第二百十五条の四受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が鑑定人に意見を述べさせる場合には、裁判所及び裁判長の職務は、その裁判官が行う。ただし、第二百十五条の二第四項の規定による異議についての裁判は、受訴裁判所がする。
|
Article 215-4If an authorized judge or a commissioned judge has an expert state an opinion, that judge performs the duties of the court and the presiding judge; provided, however, that a judicial decision on an objection under the provision of Article 215-2, paragraph (4) is reached by the court in charge of the case.
|
(証人尋問の規定の準用)
|
(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on the Examination of Witnesses)
|
第二百十六条第百九十一条の規定は公務員又は公務員であった者に鑑定人として職務上の秘密について意見を述べさせる場合について、第百九十七条から第百九十九条までの規定は鑑定人が鑑定を拒む場合について、第二百一条第一項の規定は鑑定人に宣誓をさせる場合について、第百九十二条及び第百九十三条の規定は鑑定人が正当な理由なく出頭しない場合、鑑定人が宣誓を拒む場合及び鑑定拒絶を理由がないとする裁判が確定した後に鑑定人が正当な理由なく鑑定を拒む場合について準用する。
|
Article 216The provisions of Article 191 apply mutatis mutandis if the court has a public officer or person who was a public officer state an opinion as an expert with regard to any confidential information in connection with that person's duties, the provisions of Articles 197 to 199 apply mutatis mutandis if an expert refuses to give expert testimony, the provision of Article 201, paragraph (1) applies mutatis mutandis if the court has an expert swear under oath, and the provisions of Articles 192 and 193 apply mutatis mutandis if an expert fails to appear without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, if an expert refuses to swear under oath, and if, after a judicial decision finding no grounds for refusal to give expert testimony has become final and binding, the expert still refuses to give expert testimony, without a legitimate reason for refusing to do so.
|
(鑑定証人)
|
(Expert Witness)
|
第二百十七条特別の学識経験により知り得た事実に関する尋問については、証人尋問に関する規定による。
|
Article 217An examination regarding facts that an expert has learned based on that expert's special knowledge and experience is governed by the provisions on the examination of a witness.
|
(鑑定の嘱託)
|
(Commissioning of Expert Testimony)
|
第二百十八条裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、官庁若しくは公署、外国の官庁若しくは公署又は相当の設備を有する法人に鑑定を嘱託することができる。この場合においては、宣誓に関する規定を除き、この節の規定を準用する。
|
Article 218(1)If the court finds it to be necessary, it may commission a government agency or public office, a foreign government agency or public office, or a corporation that has adequate equipment to give expert testimony. In such a case, the provisions of this Section, except for those concerning swearing under oath, apply mutatis mutandis.
|
第五節 書証
|
Section 5 Documentary Evidence
|
(書証の申出)
|
(Offering of Documentary Evidence)
|
第二百十九条書証の申出は、文書を提出し、又は文書の所持者にその提出を命ずることを申し立ててしなければならない。
|
Article 219Documentary evidence shall be offered through the submission of a document or a request for the court to order the person in possession of a document to submit that document.
|
(文書提出義務)
|
(Obligation to Submit Documents)
|
第二百二十条次に掲げる場合には、文書の所持者は、その提出を拒むことができない。
|
Article 220In the following cases, the person in possession of the document in question may not refuse to submit that document:
|
一当事者が訴訟において引用した文書を自ら所持するとき。
|
(i)if a party is personally in possession of a document that the party has cited in litigation;
|
二挙証者が文書の所持者に対しその引渡し又は閲覧を求めることができるとき。
|
(ii)if it is permissible for the party that will offer the evidence to request the person in possession of the document to deliver it or allow it to be inspected;
|
三文書が挙証者の利益のために作成され、又は挙証者と文書の所持者との間の法律関係について作成されたとき。
|
(iii)if the document has been prepared in the interest of the party that will offer the evidence or with regard to the legal relationships between the party that will offer the evidence and the person in possession of the document;
|
四前三号に掲げる場合のほか、文書が次に掲げるもののいずれにも該当しないとき。
|
(iv)in cases other than those listed in the preceding three items, if the document does not fall under any of the following categories:
|
イ文書の所持者又は文書の所持者と第百九十六条各号に掲げる関係を有する者についての同条に規定する事項が記載されている文書
|
(a)a document detailing the particulars prescribed in Article 196 with regard to the person in possession of the document or a person who is related to the person in possession of the document in any of the ways set forth in the items of that Article;
|
ロ公務員の職務上の秘密に関する文書でその提出により公共の利益を害し、又は公務の遂行に著しい支障を生ずるおそれがあるもの
|
(b)a document concerning confidential information in connection with a public officer's duties, which, if submitted, would likely harm the public interest or substantially hinder the performance of a public duty;
|
ハ第百九十七条第一項第二号に規定する事実又は同項第三号に規定する事項で、黙秘の義務が免除されていないものが記載されている文書
|
(c)a document detailing a fact prescribed in Article 197, paragraph (1), item (ii) or a particular prescribed in Article 197, paragraph (1), item (iii), neither or which are exempt from the duty of silence;
|
ニ専ら文書の所持者の利用に供するための文書(国又は地方公共団体が所持する文書にあっては、公務員が組織的に用いるものを除く。)
|
(d)a document prepared exclusively for the use of the person in possession (excluding a document held by the State or a local public entity, which is used by a public officer for an organizational purpose);
|
ホ刑事事件に係る訴訟に関する書類若しくは少年の保護事件の記録又はこれらの事件において押収されている文書
|
(e)documents related to the litigation of a criminal case, the case record in a juvenile protective case, or a document seized in these cases.
|
(文書提出命令の申立て)
|
(Petition for an Order to Submit Documents)
|
第二百二十一条文書提出命令の申立ては、次に掲げる事項を明らかにしてしなければならない。
|
Article 221(1)In petitioning for an order to submit a document, the following particulars shall be made clear:
|
一文書の表示
|
(i)the indications of the document;
|
二文書の趣旨
|
(ii)the purport of the document;
|
三文書の所持者
|
(iii)the person in possession of the document;
|
四証明すべき事実
|
(iv)the facts to be proven by the document;
|
五文書の提出義務の原因
|
(v)the cause of the obligation to submit the document.
|
(2)It is not permissible for a petition for an order to submit a document to be filed on the grounds that the document falls under any of the categories listed in item (iv) of the preceding Article, unless it is necessary to offer documentary evidence by way of a petition for an order to submit a document.
|
|
(文書の特定のための手続)
|
(Procedures for Identifying a Document)
|
第二百二十二条文書提出命令の申立てをする場合において、前条第一項第一号又は第二号に掲げる事項を明らかにすることが著しく困難であるときは、その申立ての時においては、これらの事項に代えて、文書の所持者がその申立てに係る文書を識別することができる事項を明らかにすれば足りる。この場合においては、裁判所に対し、文書の所持者に当該文書についての同項第一号又は第二号に掲げる事項を明らかにすることを求めるよう申し出なければならない。
|
Article 222(1)If a person files a petition for an order to submit a document and it is extremely difficult to clarify the particulars set forth in paragraph (1), item (i) or (ii) of the preceding Article, it is sufficient when filing the petition to clarify, in lieu of that particulars, any particulars by which the person in possession of the document can identify the document to which the petition pertains. In such a case, the petitioner shall motion the court to request the person in possession of the document to clarify the particulars set forth in item (i) or item (ii) of that paragraph.
|
(文書提出命令等)
|
(Order to Submit Documents)
|
第二百二十三条裁判所は、文書提出命令の申立てを理由があると認めるときは、決定で、文書の所持者に対し、その提出を命ずる。この場合において、文書に取り調べる必要がないと認める部分又は提出の義務があると認めることができない部分があるときは、その部分を除いて、提出を命ずることができる。
|
Article 223(1)If the court finds there to be grounds for a petition for an order to submit a document, it issues a ruling ordering the person in possession of the document to submit the document. In such a case, if the document contains any part that it is found unnecessary to examine or which cannot be found to be subject to the obligation to submit, the court may order the submission of the document excluding such part.
|
(3)If a petition for an order to submit a document has been filed with regard to a document concerning confidential information connected with a public officer's duties on the grounds that the document falls under any of the categories set forth in Article 220, item (iv), unless the petition is clearly groundless, the court shall hear the opinion of the supervisory government agency concerned (in the case of a member of the House of Representatives or House of Councillors or a person who held such office, the relevant House; in the case of the Prime Minister or any other Minister of State or a person who held such office, the Cabinet) as to whether the document in question falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220, item (iv), (b). In such a case, if the supervisory government agency states the opinion that the document falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220, item (iv), (b), it shall specify the reasons therefor.
|
|
(4)In the case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if said supervisory government agency has stated the opinion that said document falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220, item (iv), (b) on the grounds that submission of said document would cause any of the following risks, the court may order the person in possession of the document to submit the document only if it cannot find sufficient reasonable grounds for such opinion:
|
|
一国の安全が害されるおそれ、他国若しくは国際機関との信頼関係が損なわれるおそれ又は他国若しくは国際機関との交渉上不利益を被るおそれ
|
(i)a risk that the document will impair national security, harm a relationship of trust with a foreign country or international organization, or give rise to a disadvantage in negotiations with a foreign country or international organization;
|
二犯罪の予防、鎮圧又は捜査、公訴の維持、刑の執行その他の公共の安全と秩序の維持に支障を及ぼすおそれ
|
(ii)a risk that the document will hinder the prevention, suppression, or investigation of a crime, the continuation of prosecution, the execution of a sentence, or any other maintenance of public safety and order.
|
(5)In the case as referred to in the first sentence of paragraph (3), if said supervisory government agency intends to state its opinion about a document that details particulars involving a technical or professional secret of a third party other than the person in possession of said document, it shall hear the opinion of said third party in advance of doing so, unless it intends to state the opinion that the document falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220, item (iv), (b).
|
|
(6)If the court finds it to be necessary in order to determine which of the categories of documents set forth in Article 220, item (iv), (a) to (d) the document to which the petition for an order to submit a document pertains falls under, the court may have the person in possession of the document present the document. In such a case, no person may request the document so presented to be disclosed.
|
|
(当事者が文書提出命令に従わない場合等の効果)
|
(Effect of a Party's Non-Compliance with an Order to Submit a Document)
|
第二百二十四条当事者が文書提出命令に従わないときは、裁判所は、当該文書の記載に関する相手方の主張を真実と認めることができる。
|
Article 224(1)If a party does not comply with an order to submit a document, the court may find the adverse party's allegations concerning the details of said document to be true.
|
(3)In the cases prescribed in the preceding two paragraphs, if it is extremely difficult for the adverse party to make specific allegations in connection with the details of said document and to prove, by other evidence, a fact that is to be proven by the document, the court may find that the adverse party's allegations concerning such fact are true.
|
|
(第三者が文書提出命令に従わない場合の過料)
|
(Civil Fine for a Third Party's Non-Compliance with an Order to Submit a Document)
|
第二百二十五条第三者が文書提出命令に従わないときは、裁判所は、決定で、二十万円以下の過料に処する。
|
Article 225(1)If a third party does not comply with an order to submit a document, the court issues a ruling sentencing the third party to a civil fine of not more than 200,000 yen.
|
(文書送付の嘱託)
|
(Commissioning the Sending of a Document)
|
第二百二十六条書証の申出は、第二百十九条の規定にかかわらず、文書の所持者にその文書の送付を嘱託することを申し立ててすることができる。ただし、当事者が法令により文書の正本又は謄本の交付を求めることができる場合は、この限りでない。
|
Article 226Notwithstanding the provision of Article 219, documentary evidence may be offered by petitioning the court to commission the person in possession of the document to send the document; provided, however, that this does not apply if a party may request the issuance of an authenticated copy or transcript of the document pursuant to law or regulation.
|
(文書の留置)
|
(Retention of Documents)
|
第二百二十七条裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、提出又は送付に係る文書を留め置くことができる。
|
Article 227If the court finds it necessary, it may retain a document submitted or sent thereto.
|
(文書の成立)
|
(Provenance of Documents)
|
第二百二十八条文書は、その成立が真正であることを証明しなければならない。
|
Article 228(1)A document shall be proven to be of authentic provenance.
|
(筆跡等の対照による証明)
|
(Proof by Comparison of Handwriting)
|
第二百二十九条文書の成立の真否は、筆跡又は印影の対照によっても、証明することができる。
|
Article 229(1)The authenticity or inauthenticity of a document's provenance may be proven by a comparison of handwriting or seal impressions.
|
(4)If the adverse party fails to comply with the ruling as referred to in the provision of the preceding paragraph without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, the court may find the allegations of the party that offers evidence concerning the authenticity or inauthenticity of the document's provenance to be true. The same applies if the adverse party writes the graphic symbols in a style of handwriting that is different from the adverse party's own.
|
|
(5)If a third party fails to comply with a ruling to submit under the provisions of Article 223, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, the court issues a ruling sentencing the third party to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.
|
|
(文書の成立の真正を争った者に対する過料)
|
(Civil Fines Against a Party Challenging the Authenticity of a Document's Provenance)
|
第二百三十条当事者又はその代理人が故意又は重大な過失により真実に反して文書の成立の真正を争ったときは、裁判所は、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処する。
|
Article 230(1)If a party or the agent thereof, intentionally or through gross negligence, is at variance with the truth in challenging the authenticity of a document's provenance, the court issues a ruling sentencing that person to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.
|
(3)In the case as referred to in paragraph (1), if the party or agent that challenges the authenticity of a document's provenance admits, while litigation is pending, that the document is of authentic provenance the court may revoke the ruling as referred to in that paragraph, depending on the circumstances.
|
|
(文書に準ずる物件への準用)
|
(Mutatis Mutandis Application to Objects Equivalent to Documents)
|
第二百三十一条この節の規定は、図面、写真、録音テープ、ビデオテープその他の情報を表すために作成された物件で文書でないものについて準用する。
|
Article 231The provisions of this Section apply mutatis mutandis to drawings, photographs, audiotapes, videotapes, and any other objects prepared for the purpose of indicating information, other than documents.
|
第六節 検証
|
Section 6 Inspection of Evidence
|
(検証の目的の提示等)
|
(Presentation of an Object for Inspection)
|
第二百三十二条第二百十九条、第二百二十三条、第二百二十四条、第二百二十六条及び第二百二十七条の規定は、検証の目的の提示又は送付について準用する。
|
Article 232(1)The provisions of Articles 219, 223, 224, 226, and 227 apply mutatis mutandis to the presentation or sending of an object for inspection.
|
(2)If a third party fails to comply with an order to submit under the provisions of Article 223, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, the court issues a ruling sentencing the third party to a civil fine of not more than 200,000 yen.
|
|
(検証の際の鑑定)
|
(Expert Testimony During the Inspection of Evidence)
|
第二百三十三条裁判所又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官は、検証をするに当たり、必要があると認めるときは、鑑定を命ずることができる。
|
Article 233If the court or an authorized judge or a commissioned judge finds that it will be necessary in the inspection of evidence, the court or that judge may order expert testimony.
|
第七節 証拠保全
|
Section 7 Preservation of Evidence
|
(証拠保全)
|
(Preservation of Evidence)
|
第二百三十四条裁判所は、あらかじめ証拠調べをしておかなければその証拠を使用することが困難となる事情があると認めるときは、申立てにより、この章の規定に従い、証拠調べをすることができる。
|
Article 234If the court finds circumstances to be such that, unless the examination of evidence is conducted in advance, it will be difficult to use the evidence, the court, upon petition, may conduct an examination of the evidence under the provisions of this Chapter.
|
(管轄裁判所等)
|
(Court of Jurisdiction)
|
第二百三十五条訴えの提起後における証拠保全の申立ては、その証拠を使用すべき審級の裁判所にしなければならない。ただし、最初の口頭弁論の期日が指定され、又は事件が弁論準備手続若しくは書面による準備手続に付された後口頭弁論の終結に至るまでの間は、受訴裁判所にしなければならない。
|
Article 235(1)A petition for the preservation of evidence that is filed after the filing of an action, shall be filed with the court of the instance in which the evidence is to be used; provided, however, that during the time from after the first date for oral arguments has been designated or from after the case is as referred to preparatory proceedings or written preparatory proceedings until oral arguments are concluded, such a petition shall be filed with the court in charge of the case.
|
(2)A petition for the preservation of evidence that is filed before the filing of an action, shall be filed with the district court or summary court that has jurisdiction over the residence of the person to be examined or person in possession of the document in question or the location of the object to be inspected.
|
|
(相手方の指定ができない場合の取扱い)
|
(Handling When the Adverse Party Cannot Be Designated)
|
第二百三十六条証拠保全の申立ては、相手方を指定することができない場合においても、することができる。この場合においては、裁判所は、相手方となるべき者のために特別代理人を選任することができる。
|
Article 236A petition for the preservation of evidence may be filed even if the adverse party cannot be designated. In such a case, the court may appoint a special agent on behalf of the person that would be the adverse party.
|
(職権による証拠保全)
|
(Preservation of Evidence by the Court Sua Sponte)
|
第二百三十七条裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、訴訟の係属中、職権で、証拠保全の決定をすることができる。
|
Article 237If the court finds it to be necessary, while litigation is pending, it may issue a ruling to preserve evidence sua sponte.
|
(不服申立ての不許)
|
(Non-Permission of Appeal)
|
第二百三十八条証拠保全の決定に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。
|
Article 238No appeal may be entered against a ruling to preserve evidence.
|
(受命裁判官による証拠調べ)
|
(Examination of Evidence by an Authorized Judge)
|
第二百三十九条第二百三十五条第一項ただし書の場合には、裁判所は、受命裁判官に証拠調べをさせることができる。
|
Article 239In the case as referred to in the proviso to Article 235, paragraph (1), the court may have an authorized judge examine evidence.
|
(期日の呼出し)
|
(Summons to a Court Date)
|
第二百四十条証拠調べの期日には、申立人及び相手方を呼び出さなければならない。ただし、急速を要する場合は、この限りでない。
|
Article 240The petitioner and the adverse party shall be summoned to appear on a date for examination of evidence; provided, however, that this does not apply in a case requiring urgency.
|
(証拠保全の費用)
|
(Expenses for the Preservation of Evidence)
|
第二百四十一条証拠保全に関する費用は、訴訟費用の一部とする。
|
Article 241Expenses for the preservation of evidence constitute part of the court costs.
|
(口頭弁論における再尋問)
|
(Re-Examination During Oral Arguments)
|
第二百四十二条証拠保全の手続において尋問をした証人について、当事者が口頭弁論における尋問の申出をしたときは、裁判所は、その尋問をしなければならない。
|
Article 242If a party has requested that a witness who was examined during proceedings for the preservation of evidence be examined during oral arguments, the court shall examine the witness.
|
第五章 判決
|
Chapter V Judgment
|
(終局判決)
|
(Final Judgment)
|
第二百四十三条裁判所は、訴訟が裁判をするのに熟したときは、終局判決をする。
|
Article 243(1)When litigation has been sufficiently developed to allow the court to reach a judicial decision, the court enters a final judgment.
|
(3)The provision of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if one of the several pieces of litigation for which the consolidation of oral arguments has been ordered, has been sufficiently developed to allow a judicial decision to be reached, or if the principal action or counterclaim has been sufficiently developed to allow a judicial decision to be reached.
|
|
Article 244If one or both parties fails to appear or leaves court without presenting oral arguments on a date for oral arguments, and the court finds it to be appropriate in consideration of the current status of the trial and the status of each party's conduct of the litigation, it may reach a final judgment; provided, however, that if one of the parties fails to appear or leaves court without presenting an oral argument on a date for oral arguments, this applies only at the request of the adverse party who appeared on that date.
|
|
(中間判決)
|
(Interlocutory Judgment)
|
第二百四十五条裁判所は、独立した攻撃又は防御の方法その他中間の争いについて、裁判をするのに熟したときは、中間判決をすることができる。請求の原因及び数額について争いがある場合におけるその原因についても、同様とする。
|
Article 245If an independent allegation or piece of evidence or any other interlocutory dispute has been sufficiently developed for the court to reach a judicial decision on it, the court may enter an interlocutory judgment. The same applies with regard to the statement of the claims if the statement of the claims or the number or amount concerned is in dispute.
|
(判決事項)
|
(Matters to Be Adjudicated)
|
第二百四十六条裁判所は、当事者が申し立てていない事項について、判決をすることができない。
|
Article 246The court may not reach a judgment on any matter not raised by the parties.
|
(自由心証主義)
|
(Principle of the Freedom of Personal Conviction)
|
第二百四十七条裁判所は、判決をするに当たり、口頭弁論の全趣旨及び証拠調べの結果をしん酌して、自由な心証により、事実についての主張を真実と認めるべきか否かを判断する。
|
Article 247In reaching a judgment, the court decides whether to find allegations of fact to be true based on its freedom of personal conviction, in light of the entire import of oral arguments and the results of the examination of evidence.
|
(損害額の認定)
|
(Finding the Amount of Damage)
|
第二百四十八条損害が生じたことが認められる場合において、損害の性質上その額を立証することが極めて困難であるときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論の全趣旨及び証拠調べの結果に基づき、相当な損害額を認定することができる。
|
Article 248If damage is found to have occurred, but, due to the nature of the damage, it is extremely difficult to prove the amount of damage that occurred, the court may reach a finding on the amount of damage that is reasonable, based on the entire import of oral arguments and the results of the examination of evidence.
|
(直接主義)
|
(Principle of Directness)
|
第二百四十九条判決は、その基本となる口頭弁論に関与した裁判官がする。
|
Article 249(1)Judgment is rendered by a judge who has participated in the oral arguments that form the basis for that judgment.
|
(判決の発効)
|
(Entry Into Force of a Judgment)
|
第二百五十条判決は、言渡しによってその効力を生ずる。
|
Article 250A judgment enters into force when it is rendered.
|
(言渡期日)
|
(Date for Rendition of Judgment)
|
第二百五十一条判決の言渡しは、口頭弁論の終結の日から二月以内にしなければならない。ただし、事件が複雑であるときその他特別の事情があるときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 251(1)The court shall render a judgment within two months of the date on which oral arguments conclude; provided, however, that this does not apply if the case is complex or there are any other special circumstances.
|
(言渡しの方式)
|
(Form of Rendition)
|
第二百五十二条判決の言渡しは、判決書の原本に基づいてする。
|
Article 252The court renders its judgment based on the original judgment document.
|
(判決書)
|
(Judgment Document)
|
第二百五十三条判決書には、次に掲げる事項を記載しなければならない。
|
Article 253(1)The following particulars shall be entered in a judgment document:
|
一主文
|
(i)the main text of the judgment;
|
二事実
|
(ii)the facts;
|
三理由
|
(iii)the grounds;
|
四口頭弁論の終結の日
|
(iv)the date of conclusion of oral arguments;
|
五当事者及び法定代理人
|
(v)the parties and statutory agents;
|
六裁判所
|
(vi)the court.
|
(言渡しの方式の特則)
|
(Special Provisions on the Form of Rendition)
|
第二百五十四条次に掲げる場合において、原告の請求を認容するときは、判決の言渡しは、第二百五十二条の規定にかかわらず、判決書の原本に基づかないですることができる。
|
Article 254(1)Notwithstanding the provision of Article 252, in the following cases, if the court upholds the plaintiff's claim, it may render a judgment that is not based on the original judgment document:
|
一被告が口頭弁論において原告の主張した事実を争わず、その他何らの防御の方法をも提出しない場合
|
(i)if the defendant does not deny the facts alleged by the plaintiff in oral arguments or does not advance any allegations or evidence;
|
二被告が公示送達による呼出しを受けたにもかかわらず口頭弁論の期日に出頭しない場合(被告の提出した準備書面が口頭弁論において陳述されたものとみなされた場合を除く。)
|
(ii)if the defendant, despite being summoned through service by publication, does not appear on a date for oral arguments (unless a brief submitted by the defendant is deemed to be the defendant's statement in oral arguments).
|
(2)If the court has rendered a judgment pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, in lieu of preparing a judgment document, the court shall have the court clerk enter the parties and statutory agents, the main text, the claims, and the gist of the grounds, in the record for the date for oral arguments on which the judgment is rendered.
|
|
(判決書等の送達)
|
(Service of Judgment Documents)
|
第二百五十五条判決書又は前条第二項の調書は、当事者に送達しなければならない。
|
Article 255(1)A judgment document or a record as referred to in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article shall be served on the parties.
|
(変更の判決)
|
(Judgment for Modification)
|
第二百五十六条裁判所は、判決に法令の違反があることを発見したときは、その言渡し後一週間以内に限り、変更の判決をすることができる。ただし、判決が確定したとき、又は判決を変更するため事件につき更に弁論をする必要があるときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 256(1)If the court finds a violation of law or regulation in a judgment, it may reach a judgment to modify it, but only within one week after the judgment's rendition; provided, however, that this does not apply if the judgment has become final and binding or additional oral arguments in the case are necessary in order to modify the judgment.
|
(更正決定)
|
(Corrective Ruling)
|
第二百五十七条判決に計算違い、誤記その他これらに類する明白な誤りがあるときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、いつでも更正決定をすることができる。
|
Article 257(1)If there is a miscalculation, clerical error, or any other clear error similar to this in a judgment, the court may issue a corrective ruling at any time, upon petition or sua sponte.
|
(裁判の脱漏)
|
(Omission in a Judicial Decision)
|
第二百五十八条裁判所が請求の一部について裁判を脱漏したときは、訴訟は、その請求の部分については、なおその裁判所に係属する。
|
Article 258(1)If the court omits to address part of a claim in a judicial decision, litigation remains pending before that court with regard to such part of the claim.
|
(4)A judicial decision on the burden of court costs under the provisions of paragraph (2) ceases to be effective if a lawful appeal to the court of second instance is filed against a judgment on the merits. In such a case, the court of second instance reaches a judicial decision on the burden of the total costs of the litigation.
|
|
(仮執行の宣言)
|
(Declaration of Provisional Execution)
|
第二百五十九条財産権上の請求に関する判決については、裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、担保を立てて、又は立てないで仮執行をすることができることを宣言することができる。
|
Article 259(1)In a judgment involving a claim on a property right, if the court finds it to be necessary, it may declare, upon petition or sua sponte, that a provisional execution may be effected if security is provided or that a provisional execution may be effected without security being provided.
|
(2)With regard to a judgment on a claim for the payment of money for a bill, note, or check and an incidental claim for damages at the statutory interest rate, the court shall issue a sua sponte declaration that a provisional execution may be effected without security being provided; provided, however, that if the court finds it to be appropriate, it may require the provision of security for a provisional execution.
|
|
(5)If the court has not reached a judicial decision on a petition for a declaration of provisional execution or has not issued a declaration of provisional execution that it should have issued sua sponte, it issues a supplemental ruling upon petition or sua sponte. The same applies if the court has not reached a judicial decision on the petition as referred to in paragraph (3).
|
|
(仮執行の宣言の失効及び原状回復等)
|
(Loss of Effect of a Declaration of Provisional Execution and Restoration)
|
第二百六十条仮執行の宣言は、その宣言又は本案判決を変更する判決の言渡しにより、変更の限度においてその効力を失う。
|
Article 260(1)A declaration of provisional execution ceases to be valid to the extent of any modification, if a judgment is rendered modifying the declaration or the judgment on the merits.
|
(2)When modifying a judgment on the merits, at the petition of the defendant, the court shall order the plaintiff to return what the defendant delivered based on a declaration of provisional execution, and to compensate for any damage the defendant has suffered due to a provisional execution or in order to avoid it, in its judgment.
|
|
第六章 裁判によらない訴訟の完結
|
Chapter VI Conclusion of Litigation Other Than by Judicial Decision
|
(訴えの取下げ)
|
(Withdrawal of an Action)
|
第二百六十一条訴えは、判決が確定するまで、その全部又は一部を取り下げることができる。
|
Article 261(1)An action may be withdrawn in whole or in part before a judgment becomes final and binding.
|
(2)The withdrawal of an action after the adverse party has submitted a brief, entered a statement in preparatory proceedings, or conducted oral arguments on the merits, is invalid without the consent of the adverse party; provided, however, that this does not apply to the withdrawal of a counterclaim if the principal action is withdrawn.
|
|
(3)The withdrawal of an action shall be effected by means of a paper document; provided, however, that this does not preclude the oral withdrawal of an action on a date for oral arguments, preparatory proceedings, or settlement (hereinafter referred to as the "date for oral arguments, etc." in this Chapter).
|
|
(4)In the case as referred to in the main clause of paragraph (2), if an action is withdrawn in writing, the written withdrawal shall be served on the adverse party, and if it is withdrawn orally on a date for oral arguments, etc. (unless the adverse party has appeared on that date), a transcript of the record for that date shall be served on the adverse party.
|
|
(5)If the adverse party does not state an objection within two weeks from the day on which that party is served with the written withdrawal of an action, the adverse party is deemed to have consented to the withdrawal of the action. The same applies if an action is withdrawn orally on a date for oral arguments, etc. and the adverse party does not state an objection within two weeks from the day on which the action is withdrawn, if the adverse party appears on that date; or within two weeks from the day on which the transcript as referred to in the preceding paragraph is served, if the adverse party does not appear on that date.
|
|
(訴えの取下げの効果)
|
(Result of the Withdrawal of an Action)
|
第二百六十二条訴訟は、訴えの取下げがあった部分については、初めから係属していなかったものとみなす。
|
Article 262(1)The part of litigation for which an action is withdrawn is deemed to have never been pending before the court.
|
(訴えの取下げの擬制)
|
(Constructive Withdrawal of an Action)
|
第二百六十三条当事者双方が、口頭弁論若しくは弁論準備手続の期日に出頭せず、又は弁論若しくは弁論準備手続における申述をしないで退廷若しくは退席をした場合において、一月以内に期日指定の申立てをしないときは、訴えの取下げがあったものとみなす。当事者双方が、連続して二回、口頭弁論若しくは弁論準備手続の期日に出頭せず、又は弁論若しくは弁論準備手続における申述をしないで退廷若しくは退席をしたときも、同様とする。
|
Article 263If neither party appears on a date for oral arguments or preparatory proceedings or presents any oral arguments or enters any statements in preparatory proceedings before leaving the court or leaving their seats, and neither party files a petition for the designation of a court date within one month, the action is deemed to have been withdrawn. The same applies if, on two consecutive occasions, neither party appears on a date for oral arguments or preparatory proceedings or presents any oral arguments or enters any statements in preparatory proceedings before leaving the court or leaving their seats.
|
(和解条項案の書面による受諾)
|
(Written Acceptance of Proposed Terms of Settlement)
|
第二百六十四条当事者が遠隔の地に居住していることその他の事由により出頭することが困難であると認められる場合において、その当事者があらかじめ裁判所又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官から提示された和解条項案を受諾する旨の書面を提出し、他の当事者が口頭弁論等の期日に出頭してその和解条項案を受諾したときは、当事者間に和解が調ったものとみなす。
|
Article 264When it has been found difficult for a party to appear due to the party's residing in a distant location or any other circumstances, if the party submits a paper document indicating acceptance of the proposed terms of settlement presented in advance by the court or by an authorized judge or a commissioned judge, and the other party appears on a date for oral arguments, etc. and accepts the proposed terms of settlement, a settlement is deemed to have been reached between the parties.
|
(裁判所等が定める和解条項)
|
(Terms of Settlement Set by the Court)
|
第二百六十五条裁判所又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官は、当事者の共同の申立てがあるときは、事件の解決のために適当な和解条項を定めることができる。
|
Article 265(1)At the joint petition of the parties, the court or an authorized judge or a commissioned judge may set the appropriate terms of settlement for resolving the case.
|
(請求の放棄又は認諾)
|
(Waiver or Acknowledgment of a Claim)
|
第二百六十六条請求の放棄又は認諾は、口頭弁論等の期日においてする。
|
Article 266(1)A waiver or acknowledgement of a claim is made on a date for oral arguments, etc.
|
(和解調書等の効力)
|
(Effect of a Record of Settlement)
|
第二百六十七条和解又は請求の放棄若しくは認諾を調書に記載したときは、その記載は、確定判決と同一の効力を有する。
|
Article 267When a settlement or a waiver or an acknowledgement of a claim is entered in the record, that entry has the same effect as a final and binding judgment.
|
第七章 大規模訴訟等に関する特則
|
Chapter VII Special Provisions on Large-Scale Litigation
|
(大規模訴訟に係る事件における受命裁判官による証人等の尋問)
|
(Examination of Witnesses by an Authorized Judge in a Case Involving Large-Scale Litigation)
|
第二百六十八条裁判所は、大規模訴訟(当事者が著しく多数で、かつ、尋問すべき証人又は当事者本人が著しく多数である訴訟をいう。)に係る事件について、当事者に異議がないときは、受命裁判官に裁判所内で証人又は当事者本人の尋問をさせることができる。
|
Article 268In a case involving large-scale litigation (meaning litigation in which a significantly large number of parties are involved and a significantly large number of witnesses or parties themselves are to be examined), the court may have an authorized judge examine witnesses or the parties themselves inside the court, if no objection is made by the parties.
|
(大規模訴訟に係る事件における合議体の構成)
|
(Composition of the Panel in a Case Involving Large-Scale Litigation)
|
第二百六十九条地方裁判所においては、前条に規定する事件について、五人の裁判官の合議体で審理及び裁判をする旨の決定をその合議体ですることができる。
|
Article 269(1)In district court, a panel of five judges may rule that it will conduct a trial and reach a judicial decision on a case prescribed in the preceding Article.
|
(特許権等に関する訴えに係る事件における合議体の構成)
|
(Composition of the Panel for a Case in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc.)
|
第二百六十九条の二第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所においては、特許権等に関する訴えに係る事件について、五人の裁判官の合議体で審理及び裁判をする旨の決定をその合議体ですることができる。ただし、第二十条の二第一項の規定により移送された訴訟に係る事件については、この限りでない。
|
Article 269-2(1)In the courts specified in each item of Article 6, paragraph (1), a panel of five judges may rule that it will conduct a trial and reach a judicial decision on a case in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc.; provided, however, that this does not apply to a case involving litigation that has been transferred pursuant to the provision of Article 20-2, paragraph (1).
|
第八章 簡易裁判所の訴訟手続に関する特則
|
Chapter VIII Special Provisions on Litigation Proceedings in Summary Court
|
(手続の特色)
|
(Characteristics of Proceedings)
|
第二百七十条簡易裁判所においては、簡易な手続により迅速に紛争を解決するものとする。
|
Article 270In summary court, disputes are to be resolved promptly through simplified proceedings.
|
(口頭による訴えの提起)
|
(Oral Filing of an Action)
|
第二百七十一条訴えは、口頭で提起することができる。
|
Article 271An action may be filed orally.
|
(訴えの提起において明らかにすべき事項)
|
(Matters That Must Be Clarified in the Filing of an Action)
|
第二百七十二条訴えの提起においては、請求の原因に代えて、紛争の要点を明らかにすれば足りる。
|
Article 272In filing of an action, it is sufficient to clarify the main points of the dispute, in lieu of providing a statement of the claims.
|
(任意の出頭による訴えの提起等)
|
(Filing of an Action through Voluntary Appearance)
|
第二百七十三条当事者双方は、任意に裁判所に出頭し、訴訟について口頭弁論をすることができる。この場合においては、訴えの提起は、口頭の陳述によってする。
|
Article 273It is permitted for both parties to voluntarily appear before the court and conduct oral arguments involving their litigation. To do so, the action is filed through an oral statement.
|
(反訴の提起に基づく移送)
|
(Transfer Based on the Filing of a Counterclaim)
|
第二百七十四条被告が反訴で地方裁判所の管轄に属する請求をした場合において、相手方の申立てがあるときは、簡易裁判所は、決定で、本訴及び反訴を地方裁判所に移送しなければならない。この場合においては、第二十二条の規定を準用する。
|
Article 274(1)If the defendant makes a claim in a counterclaim that is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court, the summary court, at the petition of the adverse party, shall transfer the principal action and counterclaim to the district court in the form of a ruling. In such a case, the provisions of Article 22 apply mutatis mutandis.
|
(訴え提起前の和解)
|
(Settlement Prior to the Filing of an Action)
|
第二百七十五条民事上の争いについては、当事者は、請求の趣旨及び原因並びに争いの実情を表示して、相手方の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する簡易裁判所に和解の申立てをすることができる。
|
Article 275(1)In a civil dispute, a party may file a petition for settlement with the summary court of jurisdiction in the locality that constitutes the general venue for an action involving the adverse party, indicating the object of the claim and providing a statement of the claims, as well as indicating the actual circumstances of the dispute.
|
(2)If the settlement as referred to in the preceding paragraph cannot be reached, the court, at the petition of both parties who have appeared on a date for settlement, immediately orders the parties to present oral arguments in litigation. In such a case, the party who has filed the petition for settlement is deemed to have filed an action at the time that party filed that petition, and settlement costs become a part of the court costs.
|
|
(和解に代わる決定)
|
(Ruling in Lieu of Settlement)
|
第二百七十五条の二金銭の支払の請求を目的とする訴えについては、裁判所は、被告が口頭弁論において原告の主張した事実を争わず、その他何らの防御の方法をも提出しない場合において、被告の資力その他の事情を考慮して相当であると認めるときは、原告の意見を聴いて、第三項の期間の経過時から五年を超えない範囲内において、当該請求に係る金銭の支払について、その時期の定め若しくは分割払の定めをし、又はこれと併せて、その時期の定めに従い支払をしたとき、若しくはその分割払の定めによる期限の利益を次項の規定による定めにより失うことなく支払をしたときは訴え提起後の遅延損害金の支払義務を免除する旨の定めをして、当該請求に係る金銭の支払を命ずる決定をすることができる。
|
Article 275-2(1)In an action whose subject matter is a claim for the payment of money, if the defendant does not deny the facts alleged by the plaintiff in oral arguments or does not advance any allegations or evidence, and the court finds it to be appropriate in consideration of the defendant's financial resources and any other circumstances, after hearing the opinion of the plaintiff, the court may issue a ruling ordering the defendant to pay the money under that claim, stipulating the time frame for payment of the money under the claim or stipulating installment payments for the payment of such money, both of which shall be within five years from the expiration of the time frame set forth in paragraph (3), and may simultaneously stipulate that if the defendant pays in accordance with the stipulations on that time frame or pays without losing, pursuant to the stipulations provided for in the following paragraph, the benefit of time from the stipulation of installment payments, the defendant will be exempted from the obligation to pay any default charges that accrued after the filing of the action.
|
(準備書面の省略等)
|
(Omission of Briefs)
|
第二百七十六条口頭弁論は、書面で準備することを要しない。
|
Article 276(1)Oral arguments are not required to be prepared in writing.
|
(3)During oral arguments for which the adverse party is not present in court, no matter prescribed in the preceding paragraph may be alleged other than what is stated in a brief (limited to one served upon the adverse party or one whose receipt the adverse party has indicated in a paper document submitted thereby) or conveyed in the notice under the provision of that paragraph.
|
|
(続行期日における陳述の擬制)
|
(Constructive Statements on Further Dates)
|
第二百七十七条第百五十八条の規定は、原告又は被告が口頭弁論の続行の期日に出頭せず、又は出頭したが本案の弁論をしない場合について準用する。
|
Article 277The provision of Article 158 applies mutatis mutandis if the plaintiff or the defendant does not appear on a further date for oral arguments or appears on that date but does not present any oral arguments on the merits.
|
(尋問等に代わる書面の提出)
|
(Submission of Documents in Lieu of Examination)
|
第二百七十八条裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、証人若しくは当事者本人の尋問又は鑑定人の意見の陳述に代え、書面の提出をさせることができる。
|
Article 278If the court finds it to be appropriate, it may allow the submission of a paper document in lieu of examining a witness or one of the parties themselves or instead of having an expert state an opinion.
|
(司法委員)
|
(Judicial Commissioners)
|
第二百七十九条裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、和解を試みるについて司法委員に補助をさせ、又は司法委員を審理に立ち会わせて事件につきその意見を聴くことができる。
|
Article 279(1)If the court finds it to be necessary, it may have a judicial commissioner assist in the attempt to arrange a settlement or have a judicial commissioner attend the trial so that it may hear the commissioner's opinion on the case.
|
(判決書の記載事項)
|
(Particulars That Must Be Entered in Judgment Documents)
|
第二百八十条判決書に事実及び理由を記載するには、請求の趣旨及び原因の要旨、その原因の有無並びに請求を排斥する理由である抗弁の要旨を表示すれば足りる。
|
Article 280In entering facts and reasons in a judgment document, it is sufficient to indicate the important points of the object of the claim and of the statement of the claims, the existence or nonexistence of cause, and the important points of any defense which is the grounds for rejecting the claim.
|
第三編 上訴
|
Part III Appeals
|
第一章 控訴
|
Chapter I Appeals to the Court of Second Instance
|
(控訴をすることができる判決等)
|
(Judgments That Are Appealable to the Court of Second Instance)
|
第二百八十一条控訴は、地方裁判所が第一審としてした終局判決又は簡易裁判所の終局判決に対してすることができる。ただし、終局判決後、当事者双方が共に上告をする権利を留保して控訴をしない旨の合意をしたときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 281(1)An appeal to the court of second instance may be filed against a final judgment that a district court has entered as the court of first instance, or against a final judgment entered by a summary court; provided, however, that this does not apply if, after the final judgment is entered, both parties agree not to appeal to the court of second instance, though reserving the right to file a final appeal.
|
(訴訟費用の負担の裁判に対する控訴の制限)
|
(Restriction on Filing Appeals to the Court of Second Instance Against Judicial Decisions on the Burden of Court Costs)
|
第二百八十二条訴訟費用の負担の裁判に対しては、独立して控訴をすることができない。
|
Article 282No appeal to the court of second instance may be filed against a judicial decision on the burden of court costs alone.
|
(控訴裁判所の判断を受ける裁判)
|
(Judicial Decisions Subject to Judgment by the Court of Second Instance)
|
第二百八十三条終局判決前の裁判は、控訴裁判所の判断を受ける。ただし、不服を申し立てることができない裁判及び抗告により不服を申し立てることができる裁判は、この限りでない。
|
Article 283Any judicial decision reached prior to a final judgment is subject to the judgment of the court of second instance; provided, however, that this does not apply to a judicial decision against which no appeal may be filed, nor to a judicial decision against which an appeal may be filed in the form of an appeal against a ruling.
|
(控訴権の放棄)
|
(Waiver of the Right to Appeal to the Court of Second Instance)
|
第二百八十四条控訴をする権利は、放棄することができる。
|
Article 284The right to appeal to the court of second instance may be waived.
|
(控訴期間)
|
(Time Frame for Filing Appeals to the Court of Second Instance)
|
第二百八十五条控訴は、判決書又は第二百五十四条第二項の調書の送達を受けた日から二週間の不変期間内に提起しなければならない。ただし、その期間前に提起した控訴の効力を妨げない。
|
Article 285An appeal to the court of second instance shall be filed within an inalterable time frame of two weeks from the day on which the written judgment document or record as referred to in Article 254, paragraph (2) is served; provided, however, that this does not preclude the validity of an appeal to the court of second instance filed prior to that time frame.
|
(控訴提起の方式)
|
(Formalities for Filing Appeals to the Court of Second Instance)
|
第二百八十六条控訴の提起は、控訴状を第一審裁判所に提出してしなければならない。
|
Article 286(1)An appeal to the court of second instance shall be filed through the submission of a petition for appeal to the court of first instance.
|
一当事者及び法定代理人
|
(i)the parties and statutory agents;
|
二第一審判決の表示及びその判決に対して控訴をする旨
|
(ii)an identification of the judgment in the first instance and an indication that this is the judgment against which the appeal is being filed.
|
(第一審裁判所による控訴の却下)
|
(Dismissal of Appeals Without Prejudice by the Court of First Instance)
|
第二百八十七条控訴が不適法でその不備を補正することができないことが明らかであるときは、第一審裁判所は、決定で、控訴を却下しなければならない。
|
Article 287(1)If an appeal to the court of second instance is not in accordance with the law and this defect clearly cannot be corrected, the court of first instance shall rule to dismiss the appeal without prejudice, in the form of a ruling.
|
(裁判長の控訴状審査権)
|
(Presiding Judge's Authority to Examine a Petition for Appeal)
|
第二百八十八条第百三十七条の規定は、控訴状が第二百八十六条第二項の規定に違反する場合及び民事訴訟費用等に関する法律の規定に従い控訴の提起の手数料を納付しない場合について準用する。
|
Article 288The provisions of Article 137 apply mutatis mutandis if a petition for appeal to the court of second instance is in violation of Article 286, paragraph (2) or if the fees for filing an appeal to the court of second instance, in accordance with the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Procedure, have not been paid.
|
(控訴状の送達)
|
(Service of a Petition for Appeal)
|
第二百八十九条控訴状は、被控訴人に送達しなければならない。
|
Article 289(1)A petition for appeal shall be served upon the appellee.
|
(口頭弁論を経ない控訴の却下)
|
(Dismissal of Appeals Without Prejudice, Without Hearing Oral Arguments)
|
第二百九十条控訴が不適法でその不備を補正することができないときは、控訴裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、控訴を却下することができる。
|
Article 290If an appeal to the court of second instance is not in accordance with the law and this defect cannot be corrected, the court of second instance may enter a judgment dismissing the appeal without prejudice, without hearing oral arguments.
|
(呼出費用の予納がない場合の控訴の却下)
|
(Dismissal of Appeals Without Prejudice When Expenses for Summonses Have Not Been Prepaid)
|
第二百九十一条控訴裁判所は、民事訴訟費用等に関する法律の規定に従い当事者に対する期日の呼出しに必要な費用の予納を相当の期間を定めて控訴人に命じた場合において、その予納がないときは、決定で、控訴を却下することができる。
|
Article 291(1)If the court of second instance has specified a reasonable time frame and ordered the appellant to prepay the necessary expenses for summoning the parties to appear for a court date in accordance with the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Procedure, but such expenses have not been prepaid, the court may rule to dismiss the appeal without prejudice, in the form of a ruling.
|
(控訴の取下げ)
|
(Withdrawal of Appeals to the Court of Second Instance)
|
第二百九十二条控訴は、控訴審の終局判決があるまで、取り下げることができる。
|
Article 292(1)An appeal to the court of second instance may be withdrawn before the court of second instance enters a final judgment.
|
(附帯控訴)
|
(Incidental Appeals)
|
第二百九十三条被控訴人は、控訴権が消滅した後であっても、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、附帯控訴をすることができる。
|
Article 293(1)An appellee may file an incidental appeal until such time as oral arguments are concluded, even if this is after the right to appeal to the court of second instance has expired.
|
(2)An incidental appeal expires if the appeal to the court of second instance is withdrawn or if the appeal to the court of second instance is dismissed without prejudice as unlawful; provided, however, that an incidental appeal that meets the requirements for an appeal to the court of second instance is deemed to be an independent appeal to the court of second instance.
|
|
(第一審判決についての仮執行の宣言)
|
(Declaration of Provisional Execution for the Judgment in the First Instance)
|
第二百九十四条控訴裁判所は、第一審判決について不服の申立てがない部分に限り、申立てにより、決定で、仮執行の宣言をすることができる。
|
Article 294Upon petition, the court of second instance may rule to issue a declaration of provisional execution, in the form of a ruling, but only with regard to the part of the judgment in the first instance against which no objection has been entered.
|
(仮執行に関する裁判に対する不服申立て)
|
(Appeals Against a Judicial Decision Involving a Provisional Execution)
|
第二百九十五条仮執行に関する控訴審の裁判に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。ただし、前条の申立てを却下する決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
|
Article 295No objection may be entered against a judicial decision by the court of second instance involving a provisional execution; provided, however, that an immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling to dismiss the petition as referred to in the preceding Article without prejudice.
|
(口頭弁論の範囲等)
|
(Scope of Oral Arguments)
|
第二百九十六条口頭弁論は、当事者が第一審判決の変更を求める限度においてのみ、これをする。
|
Article 296(1)Oral arguments are conducted only within the bounds of the modification of the judgment in the first instance that the party seeks.
|
(第一審の訴訟手続の規定の準用)
|
(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Litigation Proceedings in the First Instance)
|
第二百九十七条前編第一章から第七章までの規定は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、控訴審の訴訟手続について準用する。ただし、第二百六十九条の規定は、この限りでない。
|
Article 297The provisions of Part II, Chapters I to VII, except as otherwise provided, apply mutatis mutandis to litigation proceedings in the second instance; provided, however, that this does not apply to Article 269.
|
(第一審の訴訟行為の効力等)
|
(Effect of Procedural Acts from the First Instance)
|
第二百九十八条第一審においてした訴訟行為は、控訴審においてもその効力を有する。
|
Article 298(1)Any procedural act performed in the first instance is also in effect in the second instance.
|
(2)The provision of Article 167 applies mutatis mutandis to a party that advances allegations and evidence in the second instance with regard to a case for which preliminary oral arguments or preparatory proceedings in the first instance have been closed, and the provision of Article 178 applies mutatis mutandis to a party that advances allegations and evidence in the second instance if the statements or confirmation set forth in that Article has been entered in a case for which written preparatory proceedings in the first instance have been closed.
|
|
(第一審の管轄違いの主張の制限)
|
(Restrictions on Arguing Lack of Jurisdiction of the Court of First Instance)
|
第二百九十九条控訴審においては、当事者は、第一審裁判所が管轄権を有しないことを主張することができない。ただし、専属管轄(当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。)については、この限りでない。
|
Article 299(1)In the second instance, the parties may not argue that the court of first instance was without jurisdiction; provided, however, that this does not apply with regard to exclusive jurisdiction (excluding that which is determined by agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11).
|
(2)If the court of first instance as referred to in the preceding paragraph is the court specified in any of the items of Article 6, paragraph (1), and the litigation is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provisions of Article 6, paragraph (1), the provision of the proviso to the preceding paragraph does not apply.
|
|
(反訴の提起等)
|
(Filing of a Counterclaim)
|
第三百条控訴審においては、反訴の提起は、相手方の同意がある場合に限り、することができる。
|
Article 300(1)In the second instance, a counterclaim may be filed only with the consent of the adverse party.
|
(攻撃防御方法の提出等の期間)
|
(Time Frame for Presenting Allegations and Evidence)
|
第三百一条裁判長は、当事者の意見を聴いて、攻撃若しくは防御の方法の提出、請求若しくは請求の原因の変更、反訴の提起又は選定者に係る請求の追加をすべき期間を定めることができる。
|
Article 301(1)The presiding judge, after hearing the opinions of the parties, may specify the time frames for presenting allegations and evidence, amendment the claim or of the statement of the claims, filing a counterclaim, or adding a claim involving an appointer.
|
(控訴棄却)
|
(Dismissal of an Appeal with Prejudice)
|
第三百二条控訴裁判所は、第一審判決を相当とするときは、控訴を棄却しなければならない。
|
Article 302(1)If the court of second instance finds the judgment in the first instance to be appropriate, it shall dismiss the appeal with prejudice.
|
(控訴権の濫用に対する制裁)
|
(Sanction Against the Abuse of the Right to Appeal to the Court of Second Instance)
|
第三百三条控訴裁判所は、前条第一項の規定により控訴を棄却する場合において、控訴人が訴訟の完結を遅延させることのみを目的として控訴を提起したものと認めるときは、控訴人に対し、控訴の提起の手数料として納付すべき金額の十倍以下の金銭の納付を命ずることができる。
|
Article 303(1)If the court of second instance dismisses an appeal with prejudice pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, and it finds that the appellant has filed the appeal exclusively for the purpose of delaying the conclusion of the litigation, it may order the appellant to pay up to ten times the amount of fees that shall be paid for filing an appeal with the court of second instance.
|
(第一審判決の取消し及び変更の範囲)
|
(Scope of Reversal and Modification of a Judgment in the First Instance)
|
第三百四条第一審判決の取消し及び変更は、不服申立ての限度においてのみ、これをすることができる。
|
Article 304A judgment in the first instance may be reversed or modified only within the bounds of the objection entered against it.
|
(第一審判決が不当な場合の取消し)
|
(Reversal in the Event of an Unjustified Judgment in the First Instance)
|
第三百五条控訴裁判所は、第一審判決を不当とするときは、これを取り消さなければならない。
|
Article 305The court of second instance shall reverse a judgment in the first instance if it finds that judgment to be unjustified.
|
(第一審の判決の手続が違法な場合の取消し)
|
(Reversal in the Event of a Judgment by the Court of First Instance Made Upon Unlawful Procedure)
|
第三百六条第一審の判決の手続が法律に違反したときは、控訴裁判所は、第一審判決を取り消さなければならない。
|
Article 306If the procedure upon which the judgment in the first instance is made is in violation of the law, the court of second instance shall reverse the judgment in the first instance.
|
(事件の差戻し)
|
(Remanding of a Case)
|
第三百七条控訴裁判所は、訴えを不適法として却下した第一審判決を取り消す場合には、事件を第一審裁判所に差し戻さなければならない。ただし、事件につき更に弁論をする必要がないときは、この限りでない。
|
Article 307If the court of second instance reverses a judgment in the first instance that has dismissed the action without prejudice as unlawful, it shall remand the case to the court of first instance; provided, however, that this does not apply if additional oral arguments in the case are unnecessary.
|
(第一審の管轄違いを理由とする移送)
|
(Transfer on the Grounds of Lack of Jurisdiction of the Court of First Instance)
|
第三百九条控訴裁判所は、事件が管轄違いであることを理由として第一審判決を取り消すときは、判決で、事件を管轄裁判所に移送しなければならない。
|
Article 309If the court of second instance reverses the judgment in the first instance on the grounds of lack of jurisdiction over the case, it shall transfer the case to the court of jurisdiction.
|
(控訴審の判決における仮執行の宣言)
|
(Declaration of Provisional Execution in a Judgment by the Court of Second Instance)
|
第三百十条控訴裁判所は、金銭の支払の請求(第二百五十九条第二項の請求を除く。)に関する判決については、申立てがあるときは、不必要と認める場合を除き、担保を立てないで仮執行をすることができることを宣言しなければならない。ただし、控訴裁判所が相当と認めるときは、仮執行を担保を立てることに係らしめることができる。
|
Article 310For a judgment involving a claim for the payment of money (excluding a claim set forth in Article 259, paragraph (2)), the court of second instance, upon petition, shall declare that a provisional execution may be effected without security being provided, unless it finds such a declaration to be unnecessary; provided, however, that if the court of second instance finds appropriate, it may require the provision of security for a provisional execution.
|
(特許権等に関する訴えに係る控訴事件における合議体の構成)
|
(Composition of the Panel for the Appellate Case in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc.)
|
第三百十条の二第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所が第一審としてした特許権等に関する訴えについての終局判決に対する控訴が提起された東京高等裁判所においては、当該控訴に係る事件について、五人の裁判官の合議体で審理及び裁判をする旨の決定をその合議体ですることができる。ただし、第二十条の二第一項の規定により移送された訴訟に係る訴えについての終局判決に対する控訴に係る事件については、この限りでない。
|
Article 310-2In the Tokyo High Court, if an appeal is filed against a final judgment that any of the courts specified in the items of Article 6, paragraph (1) enters as the court of first instance in an Action Involving a Patent Right, etc., a panel of five judges may rule for the panel to conduct a trial and reach a judicial decision on that case; provided, however, that this does not apply to a case that involves an appeal to the court of second instance, against a final judgment in an action for litigation that has been transferred pursuant to the provision of Article 20-2, paragraph (1).
|
第二章 上告
|
Chapter II Final Appeals
|
(上告裁判所)
|
(Final Appellate Court)
|
第三百十一条上告は、高等裁判所が第二審又は第一審としてした終局判決に対しては最高裁判所に、地方裁判所が第二審としてした終局判決に対しては高等裁判所にすることができる。
|
Article 311(1)A final appeal may be filed with the Supreme Court against a final judgment that the high court enters as the court of second instance or as the court of first instance, or may be filed with the high court against a final judgment that the district court enters as the court of second instance.
|
(上告の理由)
|
(Grounds for Final Appeal)
|
第三百十二条上告は、判決に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があることを理由とするときに、することができる。
|
Article 312(1)A final appeal may be filed on the grounds that the judgment reflects an error in the interpretation of the Constitution or that it is otherwise unconstitutional.
|
(2)A final appeal may also be filed on the grounds that any of the following circumstances are present; provided, however, that this does not apply to the circumstances set forth in item (iv) if the ratification under the provision of Article 34, paragraph (2) has taken place (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 59):
|
|
一法律に従って判決裁判所を構成しなかったこと。
|
(i)the court that pronounced judgment was not composed in accordance with the law;
|
二法律により判決に関与することができない裁判官が判決に関与したこと。
|
(ii)a judge who, by law, is not permitted to participate in the judgment, has participated in the judgment;
|
二の二日本の裁判所の管轄権の専属に関する規定に違反したこと。
|
(ii)-2provisions on the exclusive jurisdiction of the Japanese courts have been violated;
|
三専属管轄に関する規定に違反したこと(第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所が第一審の終局判決をした場合において当該訴訟が同項の規定により他の裁判所の専属管轄に属するときを除く。)。
|
(iii)provisions on exclusive jurisdiction have been violated (unless one of the courts specified in the items of Article 6, paragraph (1) has entered the final judgment in the first instance, and said litigation is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provisions of Article 6, paragraph (1));
|
四法定代理権、訴訟代理権又は代理人が訴訟行為をするのに必要な授権を欠いたこと。
|
(iv)statutory representative authority, authority for representation in litigation, or the delegation of powers that a representative needs in order to perform procedural acts, was lacking;
|
五口頭弁論の公開の規定に違反したこと。
|
(v)provisions on the opening of oral arguments to the public have been violated;
|
六判決に理由を付せず、又は理由に食違いがあること。
|
(vi)no reason has been given for the judgment, or the reasons given for the judgment conflict with each other.
|
(控訴の規定の準用)
|
(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Appeals to the Court of Second Instance)
|
第三百十三条前章の規定は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、上告及び上告審の訴訟手続について準用する。
|
Article 313The provisions of the preceding Chapter, except as otherwise provided, apply mutatis mutandis to a final appeal and to litigation proceedings in the final appellate instance.
|
(上告提起の方式等)
|
(Formalities for the Filing of Final Appeal)
|
第三百十四条上告の提起は、上告状を原裁判所に提出してしなければならない。
|
Article 314(1)A final appeal shall be filed through the submission of a petition for a final appeal with the court of prior instance.
|
(上告の理由の記載)
|
(Entry of Grounds for Final Appeal)
|
第三百十五条上告状に上告の理由の記載がないときは、上告人は、最高裁判所規則で定める期間内に、上告理由書を原裁判所に提出しなければならない。
|
Article 315(1)If the grounds for final appeal are not entered in a petition for final appeal, a statement of the grounds for final appeal shall be submitted to the court of prior instance within the time frame specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
|
(原裁判所による上告の却下)
|
(Dismissal of a Final Appeal Without Prejudice by the Court of Prior Instance)
|
第三百十六条次の各号に該当することが明らかであるときは、原裁判所は、決定で、上告を却下しなければならない。
|
Article 316(1)If circumstances clearly fall under any of the following items, the court of prior instance shall rule to dismiss the final appeal without prejudice:
|
一上告が不適法でその不備を補正することができないとき。
|
(i)the final appeal is not in accordance with the law and this defect cannot be corrected;
|
二前条第一項の規定に違反して上告理由書を提出せず、又は上告の理由の記載が同条第二項の規定に違反しているとき。
|
(ii)a statement of grounds for final appeal has not been submitted, constituting a violation of the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article; or the stated grounds for final appeal are in violation of paragraph (2) of that Article.
|
(上告裁判所による上告の却下等)
|
(Dismissal of a Final Appeal Without Prejudice by the Final Appellate Court)
|
第三百十七条前条第一項各号に掲げる場合には、上告裁判所は、決定で、上告を却下することができる。
|
Article 317(1)In the cases set forth in the items of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the final appellate court may rule to dismiss a final appeal without prejudice.
|
(上告受理の申立て)
|
(Petition for the Acceptance of a Final Appeal)
|
第三百十八条上告をすべき裁判所が最高裁判所である場合には、最高裁判所は、原判決に最高裁判所の判例(これがない場合にあっては、大審院又は上告裁判所若しくは控訴裁判所である高等裁判所の判例)と相反する判断がある事件その他の法令の解釈に関する重要な事項を含むものと認められる事件について、申立てにより、決定で、上告審として事件を受理することができる。
|
Article 318(1)If the Supreme Court is the court with which the final appeal should be filed, it may rule, upon petition, to accept as the final appellate court, a case in which a prior instance judgment reflects a determination that conflicts with Supreme Court precedent (or, if there is no Supreme Court precedent, conflicts with precedent of the former Great Court of Cassation or precedent of the high court acting as the final appellate court or the court of second instance) or to accept any other case that is found to involve matters of material import in the interpretation of laws and regulations.
|
(4)If the ruling as referred to paragraph (1) is issued, a final appeal is deemed to have been filed. In such a case, for the purpose of application of the provision of Article 320, grounds for Petition for the Acceptance of a Final Appeal other than those excluded pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph are deemed to be the grounds for the final appeal.
|
|
(口頭弁論を経ない上告の棄却)
|
(Dismissal of a Final Appeal With Prejudice, Without Oral Arguments Being Heard)
|
第三百十九条上告裁判所は、上告状、上告理由書、答弁書その他の書類により、上告を理由がないと認めるときは、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、上告を棄却することができる。
|
Article 319If the final appellate court finds that a final appeal is without grounds based on the petition for final appeal, statement of grounds for final appeal, written answer, or any other documents, it may enter a judgment to dismiss the final appeal with prejudice, without hearing oral arguments.
|
(調査の範囲)
|
(Scope of Examination)
|
第三百二十条上告裁判所は、上告の理由に基づき、不服の申立てがあった限度においてのみ調査をする。
|
Article 320The final appellate court shall conduct its examination based on the grounds for final appeal, only within the bounds of the objection that has been entered.
|
(原判決の確定した事実の拘束)
|
(Binding Force of Facts Found in a Prior Instance Judgment)
|
第三百二十一条原判決において適法に確定した事実は、上告裁判所を拘束する。
|
Article 321(1)Lawful findings of fact in a prior instance judgment are binding on the final appellate court.
|
(職権調査事項についての適用除外)
|
(Exclusion from Application of Matters to Be Examined by the Court Sua Sponte)
|
第三百二十二条前二条の規定は、裁判所が職権で調査すべき事項には、適用しない。
|
Article 322The provisions of the preceding two Articles do not apply to matters that shall be examined by the court sua sponte.
|
(仮執行の宣言)
|
(Declaration of Provisional Execution)
|
第三百二十三条上告裁判所は、原判決について不服の申立てがない部分に限り、申立てにより、決定で、仮執行の宣言をすることができる。
|
Article 323Upon petition, the final appellate court may rule to issue a declaration of provisional execution, but only with regard to the part of the judgment in the prior instance against which no objection has been entered.
|
(最高裁判所への移送)
|
(Transfer to the Supreme Court)
|
第三百二十四条上告裁判所である高等裁判所は、最高裁判所規則で定める事由があるときは、決定で、事件を最高裁判所に移送しなければならない。
|
Article 324The high court, as the final appellate court, shall rule to transfer a case to the Supreme Court if the circumstances specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court are present.
|
(破棄差戻し等)
|
(Reversal and Remand)
|
第三百二十五条第三百十二条第一項又は第二項に規定する事由があるときは、上告裁判所は、原判決を破棄し、次条の場合を除き、事件を原裁判所に差し戻し、又はこれと同等の他の裁判所に移送しなければならない。高等裁判所が上告裁判所である場合において、判決に影響を及ぼすことが明らかな法令の違反があるときも、同様とする。
|
Article 325(1)If there are circumstances prescribed in Article 312, paragraph (1) or (2), the final appellate court shall reverse the prior instance judgment, and, except in the cases as referred to in the following Article, it shall remand the case to the court of prior instance or transfer the case to another court equivalent thereto. The same applies if the high court is the final appellate court and a violation of law or regulation has clearly influenced the judgment.
|
(2)Even without the circumstances prescribed in Article 312, paragraph (1) or (2), the Supreme Court, as the final appellate court, may reverse a prior instance judgment if a violation of law or regulation has clearly influenced the judgment, and, except in the cases as referred to in the following Article, it may remand the case to the court of prior instance or transfer the case to another court equivalent thereto.
|
|
(3)The court to which a case is remanded or transferred pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall reach a judicial decision based on additional oral arguments. In such a case, the factual or legal finding based on which the final appellate court has reversed the judgment is binding on the court to which the case is remanded or transferred.
|
|
(破棄自判)
|
(Reversal and Decision by the Final Appellate Court)
|
第三百二十六条次に掲げる場合には、上告裁判所は、事件について裁判をしなければならない。
|
Article 326In the following cases, the final appellate court shall reach a judicial decision on the case:
|
一確定した事実について憲法その他の法令の適用を誤ったことを理由として判決を破棄する場合において、事件がその事実に基づき裁判をするのに熟するとき。
|
(i)the final appellate court reverses a judgment on the grounds that there has been an error in the application of the Constitution or any other law or regulation to the facts that have been found, and the case has been sufficiently developed to allow a judicial decision to be reached based on such facts;
|
二事件が裁判所の権限に属しないことを理由として判決を破棄するとき。
|
(ii)the final appellate court reverses a judgment on the grounds that the case is not subject to the jurisdiction of the court.
|
(特別上告)
|
(Special Appeal to the Court of Last Resort)
|
第三百二十七条高等裁判所が上告審としてした終局判決に対しては、その判決に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があることを理由とするときに限り、最高裁判所に更に上告をすることができる。
|
Article 327(1)A further appeal may be filed with the Supreme Court against a final judgment entered by the high court as the final appellate court, but only on the grounds that the judgment involves an error in the interpretation of the Constitution or that it is otherwise unconstitutional.
|
(2)In the final appeal as referred to in the preceding paragraph and litigation proceedings in the final appellate instance, unless contrary to the nature thereof, provisions concerning a final appeal and litigation proceedings in the final appellate instance against a final judgment by the court of second instance or the court of first instance apply mutatis mutandis. This being the case, the phrase "a prior instance judgment" in Article 321, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "the final judgment entered by the district court as the court of second instance (or the final judgment entered by the summary court, if a final appeal under the provision of Article 311, paragraph (2) is filed").
|
|
第三章 抗告
|
Chapter III Appeal Against a Ruling
|
(抗告をすることができる裁判)
|
(Judicial Decision Subject to Appeal Against a Ruling)
|
第三百二十八条口頭弁論を経ないで訴訟手続に関する申立てを却下した決定又は命令に対しては、抗告をすることができる。
|
Article 328(1)An appeal against a ruling may be filed against a ruling or order to dismiss a petition involved in the litigation proceedings without prejudice, without oral arguments being heard.
|
(受命裁判官等の裁判に対する不服申立て)
|
(Objection to a Judicial Decision by an Authorized Judge)
|
第三百二十九条受命裁判官又は受託裁判官の裁判に対して不服がある当事者は、受訴裁判所に異議の申立てをすることができる。ただし、その裁判が受訴裁判所の裁判であるとした場合に抗告をすることができるものであるときに限る。
|
Article 329(1)A party who disagrees with the judicial decision of an authorized judge or a commissioned judge may file an objection with the court in charge of the case; provided, however, that this applies only if the judicial decision is one that it would be possible to appeal in the form of an appeal against a ruling, if it were the judicial decision of the court in charge of the case.
|