環境基本法(平成五年法律第九十一号)
Basic Act on the Environment(Act No. 91 of 1993)
最終更新:平成三十年法律第五十号
Last Version: Act No. 50 of 2018
TOC
History
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October 6, 2021
- Last Version: Act No. 50 of 2018
- Translated Date: April 21, 2020
- Dictionary Version: 14.0
環境基本法
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Basic Act on the Environment
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平成三十年十二月一日法律第九十一号
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Act No. 91 of December 1, 2018
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目次
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Table of Contents
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第一章 総則(第一条―第十三条)
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Chapter I General Provisions(Article 1 to 13)
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第二章 環境の保全に関する基本的施策
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Chapter II Basic Policies for Environmental Conservation
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第一節 施策の策定等に係る指針(第十四条)
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Section 1 Guidelines for the Formulation of Policies(Article 14)
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第二節 環境基本計画(第十五条)
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Section 2 Basic Environmental Plan(Article 15)
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第三節 環境基準(第十六条)
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Section 3 Environmental Quality Standards(Article 16)
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第四節 特定地域における公害の防止(第十七条・第十八条)
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Section 4 Environmental Pollution Control in Specific Areas(Article 17 and 18)
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第五節 国が講ずる環境の保全のための施策等(第十九条―第三十一条)
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Section 5 Policies for Environmental Conservation Implemented by the State(Article 19 to 31)
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第六節 地球環境保全等に関する国際協力等(第三十二条―第三十五条)
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Section 6 International Cooperation on Global Environmental Conservation, etc.(Article 32 to 35)
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第七節 地方公共団体の施策(第三十六条)
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Section 7 Policies Implemented by Local Governments(Article 36)
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第八節 費用負担等(第三十七条―第四十条の二)
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Section 8 Burden of Costs(Article 37 to 40-2)
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第三章 環境の保全に関する審議会その他の合議制の機関等
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Chapter III Councils on Environmental Conservation and Other Authorities with Council System
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第一節 環境の保全に関する審議会その他の合議制の機関(第四十一条―第四十四条)
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Section 1 Councils on Environmental Conservation and Other Authorities with Council System(Article 41 to 44)
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第二節 公害対策会議(第四十五条・第四十六条)
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Section 2 Conference on Environmental Pollution Control(Article 45 and 46)
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附 則
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Supplementary Provisions
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第一章 総則
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Chapter I General Provisions
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(目的)
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(Purposes)
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第一条この法律は、環境の保全について、基本理念を定め、並びに国、地方公共団体、事業者及び国民の責務を明らかにするとともに、環境の保全に関する施策の基本となる事項を定めることにより、環境の保全に関する施策を総合的かつ計画的に推進し、もって現在及び将来の国民の健康で文化的な生活の確保に寄与するとともに人類の福祉に貢献することを目的とする。
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Article 1The purpose of this Act is to promote policies for environmental conservation in a comprehensive and systematic manner so as to ensure wholesome and cultured living of the people present and in the future, as well as to contribute to the welfare of humankind by establishing the basic principles of environmental conservation; clarifying the responsibilities of the State, local governments, business operators and citizens; and prescribing the basis for formulating the policies for environmental conservation.
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(定義)
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(Definitions)
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第二条この法律において「環境への負荷」とは、人の活動により環境に加えられる影響であって、環境の保全上の支障の原因となるおそれのあるものをいう。
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Article 2(1)In this Act, "environmental load" means negative effects of human activities on the environment which may cause hindrances to the environmental conservation.
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(2)In this Act, "global environmental conservation" means environmental conservation in response to global warming, ozone layer depletion, marine pollution, decrease in wildlife species, or situations affecting the whole or part of the world caused by human activities, which contributes to the welfare of humankind as well as to wholesome and cultured living of the people.
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(3)In this Act, "environmental pollution" means, air pollution, water pollution (including a deterioration in the water conditions and the quality of the bottom sediments except for the water quality; the same applies to Article 21, paragraph (1), item (i)), soil contamination, noise, vibration, ground subsidence (excluding subsidence caused by land excavation for mineral exploitation; the same applies hereinafter) and offensive odors caused by business activities and other human activities in a broad area, among the hindrances to environment conservation, which causes damage to human health or the living environment (including property closely related to human life, as well as flora and fauna closely related to human life and their growing environments; the same applies hereinafter).
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(環境の恵沢の享受と継承等)
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(Receiving Blessings of the Environment and Bequeathing the Blessings to Future Generations)
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第三条環境の保全は、環境を健全で恵み豊かなものとして維持することが人間の健康で文化的な生活に欠くことのできないものであること及び生態系が微妙な均衡を保つことによって成り立っており人類の存続の基盤である限りある環境が、人間の活動による環境への負荷によって損なわれるおそれが生じてきていることにかんがみ、現在及び将来の世代の人間が健全で恵み豊かな環境の恵沢を享受するとともに人類の存続の基盤である環境が将来にわたって維持されるように適切に行われなければならない。
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Article 3The environment must be conserved appropriately so that the current and future generations can enjoy the blessings of a healthy and productive environment, and the environment that is the basis of human survival can be sustained into the future, given the fact that sustaining the healthy and productive environment is indispensable for wholesome and cultured living of the people, and that the ecosystem exists by maintaining a delicate balance and the infinite environment that is the basis of human survival may be damaged by the environmental loads caused by human activities.
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(環境への負荷の少ない持続的発展が可能な社会の構築等)
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(Building a Society that Facilitates Sustainable Development with Low Environmental Loads)
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第四条環境の保全は、社会経済活動その他の活動による環境への負荷をできる限り低減することその他の環境の保全に関する行動がすべての者の公平な役割分担の下に自主的かつ積極的に行われるようになることによって、健全で恵み豊かな環境を維持しつつ、環境への負荷の少ない健全な経済の発展を図りながら持続的に発展することができる社会が構築されることを旨とし、及び科学的知見の充実の下に環境の保全上の支障が未然に防がれることを旨として、行われなければならない。
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Article 4Environment must be conserved with the aim of building a society in which a healthy and productive environment is sustained and sustainable development is achieved by promoting sound economic development with low environmental loads; by reducing the environmental loads caused by socio-economic and other activities as much as possible; and by taking an voluntary and proactive action for environmental conservation based on the fair allocation of roles between all people; and with the aim of preventing a hindrance to the environmental conservation based on the broad-based scientific knowledge.
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(国際的協調による地球環境保全の積極的推進)
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(Active Promotion of Global Environmental Conservation Through International Cooperation)
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第五条地球環境保全が人類共通の課題であるとともに国民の健康で文化的な生活を将来にわたって確保する上での課題であること及び我が国の経済社会が国際的な密接な相互依存関係の中で営まれていることにかんがみ、地球環境保全は、我が国の能力を生かして、及び国際社会において我が国の占める地位に応じて、国際的協調の下に積極的に推進されなければならない。
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Article 5Global environmental conservation must be actively promoted in cooperation with other countries, utilizing Japan's capacities and resources, and in accordance with Japan's status in the international community, given the fact that global environmental conservation is the common concern of humankind, which is a requirement for ensuring the wholesome and cultured living of the people into the future, and that the Japan's economy and society is run in deeply interdependent world.
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(国の責務)
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(Responsibilities of the State)
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第六条国は、前三条に定める環境の保全についての基本理念(以下「基本理念」という。)にのっとり、環境の保全に関する基本的かつ総合的な施策を策定し、及び実施する責務を有する。
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Article 6The State is responsible for formulating and implementing basic and comprehensive policies for environmental conservation, pursuant to the basic principles on environmental conservation prescribed in the preceding three articles (hereinafter referred to as the "basic principles").
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(地方公共団体の責務)
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(Responsibilities of Local Governments)
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第七条地方公共団体は、基本理念にのっとり、環境の保全に関し、国の施策に準じた施策及びその他のその地方公共団体の区域の自然的社会的条件に応じた施策を策定し、及び実施する責務を有する。
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Article 7The local governments are responsible for formulating and implementing policies for environmental conservation in accordance with the national policies and other policies which satisfy the natural and social conditions of the areas over which the local governments have authority, pursuant to the basic principles.
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(事業者の責務)
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(Responsibilities of Business Operators)
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第八条事業者は、基本理念にのっとり、その事業活動を行うに当たっては、これに伴って生ずるばい煙、汚水、廃棄物等の処理その他の公害を防止し、又は自然環境を適正に保全するために必要な措置を講ずる責務を有する。
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Article 8(1)Business operators are responsible for taking measures, when engaging in business activities, necessary to treat smoke and soot, polluted water and wastes generated from their business activities and prevent other environmental pollution, and to protect the natural environment properly, pursuant to the basic principles.
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(2)In order to prevent a hindrance to environmental conservation, business operators are responsible for taking necessary measures when manufacturing, processing or selling products or engaging in other business activities, so as to ensure proper disposal of the wastes if the products and other goods pertaining to these business activities are disposed of, pursuant to the basic principles.
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(3)Beyond what is set forth in the preceding two paragraphs, in order to prevent a hindrance to environmental conservation, business operators must endeavor to help reduce the environmental loads caused by the uses or disposal of the products or other goods pertaining to the business activities, when manufacturing, processing or selling the products, or engaging in other business activities; and endeavor to use recyclable resources and other raw materials and services which help reduce the environmental loads when engaging in their business activities, pursuant to the basic principles.
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(4)Beyond what is set forth in the preceding three paragraphs, regarding the business activities, business operators are responsible for making voluntary efforts to reduce the environmental loads induced by their business activities and to conserve the environment; and cooperating with the State or local governments to implement the policies for environmental conservation, pursuant to the basic principles.
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(国民の責務)
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(Responsibilities of Citizens)
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第九条国民は、基本理念にのっとり、環境の保全上の支障を防止するため、その日常生活に伴う環境への負荷の低減に努めなければならない。
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Article 9(1)Citizens must endeavor to reduce impacts in their daily lives on the environment so as to prevent a hindrance to environmental conservation, pursuant to the basic principles.
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(環境の日)
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(Environment Day)
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第十条事業者及び国民の間に広く環境の保全についての関心と理解を深めるとともに、積極的に環境の保全に関する活動を行う意欲を高めるため、環境の日を設ける。
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Article 10(1)In order to broadly raise citizens' and business operators' awareness and deepen understanding of environmental conservation, and to enhance their motivation to actively engage in activities for environmental conservation, the Environment Day is established.
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(法制上の措置等)
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(Legislative Measures)
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第十一条政府は、環境の保全に関する施策を実施するため必要な法制上又は財政上の措置その他の措置を講じなければならない。
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Article 11The government must take legislative, financial and other measures required to implement the policies for environmental conservation.
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(年次報告等)
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(Annual Report)
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第十二条政府は、毎年、国会に、環境の状況及び政府が環境の保全に関して講じた施策に関する報告を提出しなければならない。
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Article 12(1)The government must submit a report on the state of the environment and the policies for environmental conservation implemented by the State to the Diet each year.
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第二章 環境の保全に関する基本的施策
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Chapter II Basic Policies for Environmental Conservation
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第一節 施策の策定等に係る指針
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Section 1 Guidelines for Policy Formulation
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Article 14The policies for environmental conservation set forth in this Chapter must be formulated and implemented in a comprehensive and systematic manner pursuant to the basic principle, by working in partnership with other sectors to implement various measures with each other, with the aim of achieving the following objectives:
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一人の健康が保護され、及び生活環境が保全され、並びに自然環境が適正に保全されるよう、大気、水、土壌その他の環境の自然的構成要素が良好な状態に保持されること。
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(i)the atmosphere, water, soil and other natural components of the environment are kept in good condition so as to protect human health, to conserve the living environment and to preserve the natural environment properly;
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二生態系の多様性の確保、野生生物の種の保存その他の生物の多様性の確保が図られるとともに、森林、農地、水辺地等における多様な自然環境が地域の自然的社会的条件に応じて体系的に保全されること。
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(ii)the diversity of ecosystems, wildlife species, and other biological diversity are protected, and the different types of natural environments of the forest, farmlands and water bodies, etc. are conserved systematically in accordance with the natural and social conditions of the area;
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三人と自然との豊かな触れ合いが保たれること。
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(iii)people can stay in touch with abundant nature.
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第二節 環境基本計画
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Section 2 Basic Environmental Plan
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一環境の保全に関する総合的かつ長期的な施策の大綱
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(i)the outline of long-term comprehensive policies for environmental conservation;
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二前号に掲げるもののほか、環境の保全に関する施策を総合的かつ計画的に推進するために必要な事項
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(ii)beyond what is set forth in the preceding item, the particulars required to promote the policies for environmental conservation in a comprehensive and systematic manner.
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第三節 環境基準
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Section 3 Environmental Quality Standards
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Article 16(1)Regarding the environmental conditions on the air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination and noise, the government is to establish environmental quality standards respectively, which are recommended to be kept up, so as to protect human health and conserve the living environments.
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(2)If the standards referred to in the preceding paragraph are classified into two or more categories, and their respective categories are established to designate an area or water bodies, which must be classified into their respective categories, an administrative affairs related to the designation of the area or the water bodies are to be carried out by persons specified in the relevant items, according to the classification of areas or water bodies set forth in the following items:
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一二以上の都道府県の区域にわたる地域又は水域であって政令で定めるもの政府
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(i)areas or water bodies which are located in more than two prefectures and are specified by Cabinet Order:the Government
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二前号に掲げる地域又は水域以外の地域又は水域次のイ又はロに掲げる地域又は水域の区分に応じ、当該イ又はロに定める者
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(ii)areas or water bodies except for those set forth in the preceding item:persons specified in (a) or (b) below, according to the classification of areas or water bodies set forth in the relevant (a) or (b)
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イ騒音に係る基準(航空機の騒音に係る基準及び新幹線鉄道の列車の騒音に係る基準を除く。)の類型を当てはめる地域であって市に属するものその地域が属する市の長
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(a)areas located in the city, to which the standards of noise are applied (except for standards of aircraft noise and bullet train noise from the Shinkansen railway operations):the head of the city where the area is located;
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ロイに掲げる地域以外の地域又は水域その地域又は水域が属する都道府県の知事
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(b)areas or water bodies except for the areas set forth in (a):the governor of the prefecture where the areas or water bodies are located.
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(4)The government must endeavor to keep up the standards referred to in paragraph (1) by implementing policies for environmental pollution control which are set forth in this chapter, in a comprehensive, effective and proper manner (hereinafter referred to as the "policies for environmental pollution control").
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第四節 特定地域における公害の防止
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Section 4 Environmental Pollution Control in Specific Areas
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(公害防止計画の作成)
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(Building Environmental Pollution Control Programs)
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第十七条都道府県知事は、次のいずれかに該当する地域について、環境基本計画を基本として、当該地域において実施する公害の防止に関する施策に係る計画(以下「公害防止計画」という。)を作成することができる。
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Article 17The prefectural governors may build programs to implement measures for environmental pollution control (hereinafter referred to as a "Environmental Pollution Control Program") for areas falling under any of the following categories, based on the Basic Environmental Plan:
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一現に公害が著しく、かつ、公害の防止に関する施策を総合的に講じなければ公害の防止を図ることが著しく困難であると認められる地域
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(i)areas where serious environmental pollution is occurring, and it is deemed very difficult to prevent environmental pollution unless the policies for environmental pollution control are implemented in a comprehensive manner;
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二人口及び産業の急速な集中その他の事情により公害が著しくなるおそれがあり、かつ、公害の防止に関する施策を総合的に講じなければ公害の防止を図ることが著しく困難になると認められる地域
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(ii)areas where environmental pollution may get worse due to the rapid concentration of population and industries or other circumstances, and it is deemed very difficult to prevent environmental pollution unless the policies for environmental pollution control are implemented in a comprehensive manner.
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(公害防止計画の達成の推進)
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(Promoting Achievements of Environmental Pollution Control Programs)
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第十八条国及び地方公共団体は、公害防止計画の達成に必要な措置を講ずるように努めるものとする。
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Article 18The State and local governments are to endeavor to take measures necessary to achieve the Environmental Pollution Control Programs.
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第五節 国が講ずる環境の保全のための施策等
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Section 5 I Policies for Environmental Conservation Implemented by the State
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(国の施策の策定等に当たっての配慮)
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(Things the State Considers in Building Environmental Pollution Control Programs)
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第十九条国は、環境に影響を及ぼすと認められる施策を策定し、及び実施するに当たっては、環境の保全について配慮しなければならない。
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Article 19The State must give consideration to environmental conservation when formulating and implementing policies which have impacts on the environment.
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(環境影響評価の推進)
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(Promoting Assessments of Impacts on the Environment)
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第二十条国は、土地の形状の変更、工作物の新設その他これらに類する事業を行う事業者が、その事業の実施に当たりあらかじめその事業に係る環境への影響について自ら適正に調査、予測又は評価を行い、その結果に基づき、その事業に係る環境の保全について適正に配慮することを推進するため、必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
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Article 20The State is to take measures necessary to encourage business operators engaged in changing the shape of land, construction of new structures and other similar businesses to voluntarily examine, estimate and evaluate the impact on the environment in a proper manner in advance, and to give proper consideration to environmental conservation in relation to their business based on the results thereof.
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(環境の保全上の支障を防止するための規制)
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(Regulations to Prevent Hindrances to Environmental Conservation)
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第二十一条国は、環境の保全上の支障を防止するため、次に掲げる規制の措置を講じなければならない。
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Article 21(1)The State must take the following regulatory measures to prevent a hindrance to environmental conservation:
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一大気の汚染、水質の汚濁、土壌の汚染又は悪臭の原因となる物質の排出、騒音又は振動の発生、地盤の沈下の原因となる地下水の採取その他の行為に関し、事業者等の遵守すべき基準を定めること等により行う公害を防止するために必要な規制の措置
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(i)regulatory measures necessary to prevent environmental pollution, by setting the standards business operators, etc., must meet, for emission of substances which causes air pollution, water pollution or soil contamination and emission of offensive odors; generation of noise or vibration; pumping of underground water causing ground subsidence; or other acts;
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二土地利用に関し公害を防止するために必要な規制の措置及び公害が著しく、又は著しくなるおそれがある地域における公害の原因となる施設の設置に関し公害を防止するために必要な規制の措置
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(ii)regulatory measures for land use necessary to prevent environmental pollution and for construction of facilities causing environmental pollution in an area where serious environmental pollution is occurring or environmental pollution may get worse;
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三自然環境を保全することが特に必要な区域における土地の形状の変更、工作物の新設、木竹の伐採その他の自然環境の適正な保全に支障を及ぼすおそれがある行為に関し、その支障を防止するために必要な規制の措置
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(iii)regulatory measures necessary to prevent a hindrance to conservation of the natural environment, for changing the shape of land construction of new structures, cutting of trees and bamboos, and other acts in areas where conservation of the natural environment is highly required, which may hinder proper conservation of the natural environment;
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四採捕、損傷その他の行為であって、保護することが必要な野生生物、地形若しくは地質又は温泉源その他の自然物の適正な保護に支障を及ぼすおそれがあるものに関し、その支障を防止するために必要な規制の措置
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(iv)regulatory measures necessary to prevent a hindrance to conservation of the natural environment, for capturing animals and collecting natural objects, causing damage to the natural environment or other acts, which may hinder proper protection of wildlife, landscapes or geology, or sources of hot springs and other things created by nature that need to be protected;
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五公害及び自然環境の保全上の支障が共に生ずるか又は生ずるおそれがある場合にこれらを共に防止するために必要な規制の措置
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(v)regulatory measures necessary to prevent both environmental pollution and a hindrance to conservation of the natural environment when the both are occurring or may occur.
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(2)Beyond what is set forth in the preceding paragraph, the State must endeavor to take necessary regulatory measures according to the measures set forth in item (i) and (ii) of the paragraph, in order to prevent a hindrance to environmental conservation related to human health and the living environments.
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(環境の保全上の支障を防止するための経済的措置)
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(Economic Measures to Prevent Hindrances to Environmental Conservation)
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第二十二条国は、環境への負荷を生じさせる活動又は生じさせる原因となる活動(以下この条において「負荷活動」という。)を行う者がその負荷活動に係る環境への負荷の低減のための施設の整備その他の適切な措置をとることを助長することにより環境の保全上の支障を防止するため、その負荷活動を行う者にその者の経済的な状況等を勘案しつつ必要かつ適正な経済的な助成を行うために必要な措置を講ずるように努めるものとする。
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Article 22(1)In order to prevent a hindrance to environmental conservation by encouraging persons who are engaged in activities causing environmental load or activities contributing to environmental load (hereinafter referred to as "activities causing environmental load" in this Article) to build facilities which help reduce the impacts on the environment pertaining to activities causing environmental load or take other appropriate measures, the State is to endeavor to take measures necessary to provide financial aid for the persons engaged in activities causing environmental load, taking into account their financial position.
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2国は、負荷活動を行う者に対し適正かつ公平な経済的な負担を課すことによりその者が自らその負荷活動に係る環境への負荷の低減に努めることとなるように誘導することを目的とする施策が、環境の保全上の支障を防止するための有効性を期待され、国際的にも推奨されていることにかんがみ、その施策に関し、これに係る措置を講じた場合における環境の保全上の支障の防止に係る効果、我が国の経済に与える影響等を適切に調査し及び研究するとともに、その措置を講ずる必要がある場合には、その措置に係る施策を活用して環境の保全上の支障を防止することについて国民の理解と協力を得るように努めるものとする。この場合において、その措置が地球環境保全のための施策に係るものであるときは、その効果が適切に確保されるようにするため、国際的な連携に配慮するものとする。
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(2)Given the fact that the measures, which aim at encouraging persons who are engaged in activities causing environmental load to voluntarily reduce the environmental load caused by their activities on a voluntary basis by imposing a financial burden on the persons in a fair and proper manner, are expected to be effective in preventing a hindrance to environmental conservation, and are internationally recommended; the State is to review and study the effectiveness of measures to prevent a hindrance to environmental conservation and the impacts of the measures on the Japanese economy in a proper manner, if the measures are taken; and to endeavor to acquire the understanding and cooperation of the people about preventing a hindrance to environmental conservation by implementing the measures, if the measures need to be taken.In this case, if the measures are related to the policies for global environmental conservation, the State is to give consideration to international collaboration so as to ensure the effectiveness of the measures in a proper manner.
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(環境の保全に関する施設の整備その他の事業の推進)
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(Promoting Construction of Facilities and Other Projects for Environmental Conservation)
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第二十三条国は、緩衝地帯その他の環境の保全上の支障を防止するための公共的施設の整備及び汚泥のしゅんせつ、絶滅のおそれのある野生動植物の保護増殖その他の環境の保全上の支障を防止するための事業を推進するため、必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
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Article 23(1)The State is to take measures necessary to promote the setting up of buffer zones, construct other public facilities to prevent hindrances to environmental conservation, and those necessary to promote other projects on prevention of hindrances to environmental conservation, such as dredging of sludge, protection and breeding of endangered wildlife.
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(2)The State is to take measures necessary to promote the setting up of public facilities for sewerage systems and waste treatment, traffic facilities (including mobile facilities) that help reduce the environmental load, and other public facilities that help prevent hindrances to environmental conservation, and those necessary to promote other projects to prevent hindrance to environmental conservation such as the maintenance of forests.
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(環境への負荷の低減に資する製品等の利用の促進)
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(Promoting Uses of Products that Help Reduce Environmental Loads)
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第二十四条国は、事業者に対し、物の製造、加工又は販売その他の事業活動に際して、あらかじめ、その事業活動に係る製品その他の物が使用され又は廃棄されることによる環境への負荷について事業者が自ら評価することにより、その物に係る環境への負荷の低減について適正に配慮することができるように技術的支援等を行うため、必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
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Article 24(1)The State is to take measures necessary to provide technical assistance, etc. to business operators so that the business operators may consider to reduce the impacts of products or other goods pertaining to the business activities on the environment on a voluntary basis by making an assessment of environment loads induced by the uses or disposal of those in advance, when manufacturing, processing or selling products, or engaging in other business activities.
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(環境の保全に関する教育、学習等)
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(Education and Learning on Environmental Conservation)
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第二十五条国は、環境の保全に関する教育及び学習の振興並びに環境の保全に関する広報活動の充実により事業者及び国民が環境の保全についての理解を深めるとともにこれらの者の環境の保全に関する活動を行う意欲が増進されるようにするため、必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
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Article 25The State is to take measures necessary to deepen citizens' and business operators' understanding of environmental conservation and to motivate those to engage in activities for environmental conservation, by promoting environmental education and learning and by improving public relations activities regarding environmental conservation.
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(民間団体等の自発的な活動を促進するための措置)
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(Measures to Promote Voluntary Activities by Private Sector Organizations)
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第二十六条国は、事業者、国民又はこれらの者の組織する民間の団体(以下「民間団体等」という。)が自発的に行う緑化活動、再生資源に係る回収活動その他の環境の保全に関する活動が促進されるように、必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
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Article 26The State is to take measures necessary to promote voluntary activities, including greening activities, collecting recyclable resources and other activities for environmental conservation conducted by citizens, business operators, or private sector organizations organized by the public or business operators (hereinafter referred to as the "private sector organizations").
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(情報の提供)
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(Provision of Information)
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第二十七条国は、第二十五条の環境の保全に関する教育及び学習の振興並びに前条の民間団体等が自発的に行う環境の保全に関する活動の促進に資するため、個人及び法人の権利利益の保護に配慮しつつ環境の状況その他の環境の保全に関する必要な情報を適切に提供するように努めるものとする。
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Article 27The State is to endeavor to provide information on the state of the environment and other information required for environmental conservation appropriately by giving consideration to the protection of the rights and interests of individuals and judicial persons, so as to promote the education and learning on environmental conservation provided for in Article 25 and to promote the voluntary activities for environmental conservation conducted by the private sector organizations set forth in the preceding Article.
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(調査の実施)
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(Conducting Researches)
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第二十八条国は、環境の状況の把握、環境の変化の予測又は環境の変化による影響の予測に関する調査その他の環境を保全するための施策の策定に必要な調査を実施するものとする。
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Article 28The State is to conduct surveys on the state of the environment, researches to forecast changes in the environments or to forecast the impacts of the changes in the environments and other studies necessary to formulate policies for environmental conservation.
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(監視等の体制の整備)
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(Improvement in Systems for Monitoring)
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第二十九条国は、環境の状況を把握し、及び環境の保全に関する施策を適正に実施するために必要な監視、巡視、観測、測定、試験及び検査の体制の整備に努めるものとする。
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Article 29The State is to endeavor to establish systems for monitoring, patrolling, observations, measurements, examinations and inspections necessary to ascertain the state of the environment and to implement the policies for environmental conservation properly.
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(科学技術の振興)
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(Promotion of Science and Technology)
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第三十条国は、環境の変化の機構の解明、環境への負荷の低減並びに環境が経済から受ける影響及び経済に与える恵沢を総合的に評価するための方法の開発に関する科学技術その他の環境の保全に関する科学技術の振興を図るものとする。
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Article 30(1)The State is to promote science and technology used for developing methods to identify the mechanisms of change in the environment, to reduce the impacts on the environments, to evaluate the impacts of the economy on the environment and the economic blessings from the environment in a comprehensive manner, and to promote other science and technology used for conserving the environments.
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(公害に係る紛争の処理及び被害の救済)
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(Settlement of Environmental Pollution Disputes and Compensation for Damage)
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第三十一条国は、公害に係る紛争に関するあっせん、調停その他の措置を効果的に実施し、その他公害に係る紛争の円滑な処理を図るため、必要な措置を講じなければならない。
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Article 31(1)The State must take measures necessary to implement mediation, arbitration in dispute or other measures to settle disputes over environmental pollution in an effective manner, and take other measures necessary to settle disputes over environmental pollution amicably.
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第六節 地球環境保全等に関する国際協力等
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Section 6 International Cooperation on Global Environmental Conservation, etc.
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(地球環境保全等に関する国際協力等)
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(International Cooperation on Global Environmental Conservation, etc.)
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第三十二条国は、地球環境保全に関する国際的な連携を確保することその他の地球環境保全に関する国際協力を推進するために必要な措置を講ずるように努めるほか、開発途上にある海外の地域の環境の保全及び国際的に高い価値があると認められている環境の保全であって人類の福祉に貢献するとともに国民の健康で文化的な生活の確保に寄与するもの(以下この条において「開発途上地域の環境の保全等」という。)に資するための支援を行うことその他の開発途上地域の環境の保全等に関する国際協力を推進するために必要な措置を講ずるように努めるものとする。
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Article 32(1)The State is to endeavor to take necessary measures to ensure international collaboration on global environmental conservation, and to promote other international cooperation on global environmental conservation; to provide assistance for the environmental conservation in developing regions outside Japan and the environmental conservation highly evaluated internationally that contribute to the welfare of humankind and the wholesome and cultured living of the people (hereinafter referred to as the "environmental conservation in developing regions, etc." in this Article); and to promote other international cooperation on environmental conservation in developing regions, etc.
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(2)The State is to endeavor to take measures necessary to; foster persons with expertise knowledge on international cooperation on global environmental conservation and environmental conservation in developing regions, etc. (hereinafter referred to as the "global environmental conservation, etc."); to collect, summarize and analyze information on the status of the environment outside Japan and other information on the global environmental conservation; and to promote other international cooperation on global environmental conservation, etc.
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(監視、観測等に係る国際的な連携の確保等)
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(Ensuring International Collaboration on Monitoring and Observation)
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第三十三条国は、地球環境保全等に関する環境の状況の監視、観測及び測定の効果的な推進を図るための国際的な連携を確保するように努めるとともに、地球環境保全等に関する調査及び試験研究の推進を図るための国際協力を推進するように努めるものとする。
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Article 33The State is to endeavor to ensure international collaboration so as to promote monitoring, observation and measurement of the environmental status on global environmental conservation, etc., in an effective manner; and to promote international cooperation to carry out surveys, examinations and researches on global environmental conservation, etc.
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(地方公共団体又は民間団体等による活動を促進するための措置)
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(Measures to Promote Activities by Local Governments and Private Sector Organizations)
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第三十四条国は、地球環境保全等に関する国際協力を推進する上で地方公共団体が果たす役割の重要性にかんがみ、地方公共団体による地球環境保全等に関する国際協力のための活動の促進を図るため、情報の提供その他の必要な措置を講ずるように努めるものとする。
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Article 34(1)In consideration of the importance of the roles played by local governments in promoting international cooperation on global environmental conservation etc., the State is to endeavor to provide information and take other measures necessary to promote the activities related to international cooperation on global environmental conservation, etc. by the local governments.
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(2)In consideration of the importance of voluntary activities for international cooperation on global environmental conservation, etc. conducted by private sector organizations, etc. outside Japan, the State is to endeavor to provide information and take other measures necessary to promote their activities.
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(国際協力の実施等に当たっての配慮)
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(Things the State Considers when Engaged in International Cooperation)
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第三十五条国は、国際協力の実施に当たっては、その国際協力の実施に関する地域に係る地球環境保全等について配慮するように努めなければならない。
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Article 35(1)When engaged in international cooperation, the State must endeavor to give consideration to global environmental conservation, etc. in the regions related to the international cooperation.
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第七節 地方公共団体の施策
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Section 7 Policies Implemented by Local Governments
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Article 36Local governments are to promote and implement policies in a comprehensive and systematic manner according to the national policies set forth in Section 5 and other policies necessary for environmental conservation in accordance with the natural and social conditions of areas over which the local governments have authority.In this case, the prefectural government is to mainly implement the policies for a large area and to comprehensively coordinate the policies implemented by the municipal governments.
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第八節 費用負担等
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Section 8 Burden of Costs
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(原因者負担)
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(Cost Borne by Persons that Caused Pollution)
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第三十七条国及び地方公共団体は、公害又は自然環境の保全上の支障(以下この条において「公害等に係る支障」という。)を防止するために国若しくは地方公共団体又はこれらに準ずる者(以下この条において「公的事業主体」という。)により実施されることが公害等に係る支障の迅速な防止の必要性、事業の規模その他の事情を勘案して必要かつ適切であると認められる事業が公的事業主体により実施される場合において、その事業の必要を生じさせた者の活動により生ずる公害等に係る支障の程度及びその活動がその公害等に係る支障の原因となると認められる程度を勘案してその事業の必要を生じさせた者にその事業の実施に要する費用を負担させることが適当であると認められるものについて、その事業の必要を生じさせた者にその事業の必要を生じさせた限度においてその事業の実施に要する費用の全部又は一部を適正かつ公平に負担させるために必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
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Article 37If a public works project is conducted by the State, a local government, or a person equivalent thereto (referred to as a "public operating body" in this Article), when it is appropriate and necessary for the public operating body to conduct the public works project in order to prevent environmental pollution or a hindrance to environmental conservation (hereinafter referred to as "problems related to environmental pollution, etc." in this Article), by taking into account the immediate need to prevent problems related to environmental pollution, etc. , the scale of the project and other circumstances, the State and local governments are to take measures necessary to impose all or part of the cost required to conduct the public works project on the person that created a need for the project in a fair and appropriate manner, within the limits of their responsibility attributed to their activities, provided that it is found appropriate to impose the cost required for the project on the person that created the need for the project, by taking into account the level of problems related to environmental pollution , etc., due to the person's activities that created the need for the project and the level of impact of the person's activities that caused pollution on the environment.
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(受益者負担)
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(Cost Borne by Beneficiaries)
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第三十八条国及び地方公共団体は、自然環境を保全することが特に必要な区域における自然環境の保全のための事業の実施により著しく利益を受ける者がある場合において、その者にその受益の限度においてその事業の実施に要する費用の全部又は一部を適正かつ公平に負担させるために必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
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Article 38If any person receives huge benefits from conducting a public works project to conserve natural environment in an area where conservation of natural environment is highly required, the State and local governments are to take measures necessary to impose all or part of the costs required to conduct the project on the person in a fair and appropriate manner, up to the maximum amount of profit.
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(地方公共団体に対する財政措置等)
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(Financial Measures for Local Governments)
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第三十九条国は、地方公共団体が環境の保全に関する施策を策定し、及び実施するための費用について、必要な財政上の措置その他の措置を講ずるように努めるものとする。
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Article 39The State is to endeavor to take financial measures and other measures necessary to cope with the expenses required for the local governments to formulate and implement policies for environmental conservation.
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(国及び地方公共団体の協力)
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(Cooperation between the State and Local Governments)
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第四十条国及び地方公共団体は、環境の保全に関する施策を講ずるにつき、相協力するものとする。
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Article 40The State and local governments are to cooperate with each other when implementing policies for environmental conservation.
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(事務の区分)
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(Classification of Administrative Affairs)
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第四十条の二第十六条第二項の規定により都道府県又は市が処理することとされている事務(政令で定めるものを除く。)は、地方自治法(昭和二十二年法律第六十七号)第二条第九項第一号に規定する第一号法定受託事務とする。
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Article 40-2Any administrative affairs to be handled by Prefectures or Cities pursuant to the provisions of the Article 16, paragraph (2) (excluding the administrative affairs specified by Cabinet Order), are classified as type-1 statutory entrusted affairs as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9), item (i) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947).
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第三章 環境の保全に関する審議会その他の合議制の機関等
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Chapter III Councils on Environmental Conservation and Other Authorities with Council System
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第一節 環境の保全に関する審議会その他の合議制の機関
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Section 1 Councils on Environmental Conservation and Other Authorities with Council System
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(中央環境審議会)
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(Central Council for the Environment)
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第四十一条環境省に、中央環境審議会を置く。
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Article 41(1)The Central Council for the Environment is to be established in the Ministry of the Environment.
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一環境基本計画に関し、第十五条第三項に規定する事項を処理すること。
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(i)handling the matters concerning the Basic Environmental Plan provided for in Article 15, paragraph (3);
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二環境大臣又は関係大臣の諮問に応じ、環境の保全に関する重要事項を調査審議すること。
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(ii)examining and deliberating on the important matters regarding environmental conservation in response to the consultation requested by the Minister of the Environment or other ministers concerned;
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三自然公園法(昭和三十二年法律第百六十一号)、農用地の土壌の汚染防止等に関する法律(昭和四十五年法律第百三十九号)、自然環境保全法(昭和四十七年法律第八十五号)、動物の愛護及び管理に関する法律(昭和四十八年法律第百五号)、瀬戸内海環境保全特別措置法(昭和四十八年法律第百十号)、公害健康被害の補償等に関する法律(昭和四十八年法律第百十一号)、絶滅のおそれのある野生動植物の種の保存に関する法律(平成四年法律第七十五号)、ダイオキシン類対策特別措置法(平成十一年法律第百五号)、循環型社会形成推進基本法(平成十二年法律第百十号)、食品循環資源の再生利用等の促進に関する法律(平成十二年法律第百十六号)、使用済自動車の再資源化等に関する法律(平成十四年法律第八十七号)、鳥獣の保護及び管理並びに狩猟の適正化に関する法律(平成十四年法律第八十八号)、特定外来生物による生態系等に係る被害の防止に関する法律(平成十六年法律第七十八号)、石綿による健康被害の救済に関する法律(平成十八年法律第四号)、生物多様性基本法(平成二十年法律第五十八号)、愛がん動物用飼料の安全性の確保に関する法律(平成二十年法律第八十三号)、水銀による環境の汚染の防止に関する法律(平成二十七年法律第四十二号)及び気候変動適応法(平成三十年法律第五十号)によりその権限に属させられた事項を処理すること。
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(iii)handling the matters over which the Central Council for the Environment has authority pursuant to the provisions of Natural Parks Act (Act No. 161 of 1957), Act to Prevent Soil Contamination on Agricultural Land (Act No. 139 of 1970), Nature Conservation Act (Act No. 85 of 1972), Act on Welfare and Management of Animals (Act No. 105 of 1973), Act on Special Measures concerning Conservation of the Environment of the Seto Inland Sea (Act No. 110 of 1973), Act on Compensation for Pollution-related Health Damage (Act No. 111 of 1973), Act on Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Act No. 75 1992), Act on Special Measures against Dioxins (Act No. 105 of 1999), Basic Act on Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society (Act No. 110 of 2000), Act on Promotion of Recycling and Related Activities for Treatment of Cyclical Food Resources (Act No 116 of 2000), Act on Recycling, etc. of End-of-Life Vehicles (Act No. 87 of 2002), Protection and Control of Wild Birds and Mammals and Hunting Management Law (Act No. 88 of 2002), Act on the Prevention of Adverse Ecological Impacts Caused by Designated Invasive Alien Species (Act No. 78 of 2004), Act on Asbestos Health Damage Relief (Act No. 4 of 2006), Basic Act on Biodiversity (Act No. 58 of 2008), Act on Ensuring of Safety of Pet Animals Feed (Act No 83 of 2008), Act on Preventing Environmental Pollution of Mercury (Act No. 42 of 2015) and Climate Change Adaptation Act (Act No. 50 of 2018).
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(都道府県の環境の保全に関する審議会その他の合議制の機関)
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(Prefectural Council on Environmental Conservation and Other Authorities with Council System)
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第四十三条都道府県は、その都道府県の区域における環境の保全に関して、基本的事項を調査審議させる等のため、環境の保全に関し学識経験のある者を含む者で構成される審議会その他の合議制の機関を置く。
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Article 43(1)The prefectural governments are to establish councils and other organizations with council system consisting of members including persons with relevant expertise in environmental conservation to examine and discuss the basic matters and others regarding environmental conservation in areas located in the prefectures.
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(市町村の環境の保全に関する審議会その他の合議制の機関)
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(Municipal Council on Environmental Conservation and Other Authorities with Council System)
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第四十四条市町村は、その市町村の区域における環境の保全に関して、基本的事項を調査審議させる等のため、その市町村の条例で定めるところにより、環境の保全に関し学識経験のある者を含む者で構成される審議会その他の合議制の機関を置くことができる。
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Article 44The municipal governments may establish councils and other authorities with council system consisting of members including persons with relevant expertise in environmental conservation, as provided for by Municipal Ordinances, to examine and discuss the basic matters and others regarding environmental conservation in areas located in the municipalities.
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第二節 公害対策会議
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Section 2 Conference on Environmental Pollution Control
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(設置及び所掌事務)
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(Establishment of the Conference and Affairs under its Authority)
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第四十五条環境省に、特別の機関として、公害対策会議(以下「会議」という。)を置く。
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Article 45(1)The Conference on Environmental Pollution Control (hereinafter referred to as the "Conference") is to be established in the Ministry of the Environment as an extraordinary organ.
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一公害の防止に関する施策であって基本的かつ総合的なものの企画に関して審議し、及びその施策の実施を推進すること。
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(i)discussing the planning of basic and comprehensive policies for environmental pollution control and promoting the implementation of the policies;
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二前号に掲げるもののほか、他の法令の規定によりその権限に属させられた事務
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(ii)beyond what is set forth in the preceding item, administrative affairs over which the Conference has authority pursuant to the provisions of other laws and regulations.
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(組織等)
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(Organization)
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第四十六条会議は、会長及び委員をもって組織する。
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Article 46(1)The Conference is comprised of a chairperson and Conference members.
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(3)Members are to be appointed by the Prime Minister from among the Chief Cabinet Secretary, the heads of the relevant administrative organs and the ministers of state for particular fields prescribed in Article 9, paragraph (1) of the Act for Establishment of the Cabinet Office (Act No. 89 of 1999), that are recommended by the Minister of the Environment.
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附 則
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Supplementary Provisions
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