民事保全法(平成元年法律第九十一号)
Civil Provisional Remedies Act(Act No. 91 of 1989)
最終更新:平成二十三年法律第三十六号
Last Version: Act No. 36 of 2011
TOC
History
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▶
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December 28, 2021
- Last Version: Act No. 36 of 2011
- Translated Date: March 22, 2012
- Dictionary Version: 14.0
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March 8, 2010
- Last Version: Act No. 50 of 2006
- Translated Date: January 28, 2010
- Dictionary Version: 3.0
民事保全法
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Civil Provisional Remedies Act
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平成元年十二月二十二日法律第九十一号
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Act No. 91 of December 22, 1989
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目次
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Table of Contents
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第一章 総則(第一条―第八条)
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Chapter I General Provisions(Articles 1 through 8)
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第二章 保全命令に関する手続
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Chapter II Proceedings Concerning Order for Provisional Remedy
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第一節 総則(第九条・第十条)
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Section 1 General Provisions(Article 9 and Article 10)
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第二節 保全命令
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Section 2 Orders for Provisional Remedies
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第一款 通則(第十一条―第十九条)
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Subsection 1 General Rules(Articles 11 through 19)
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第二款 仮差押命令(第二十条―第二十二条)
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Subsection 2 Order for Provisional Seizure(Articles 20 through 22)
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第三款 仮処分命令(第二十三条―第二十五条の二)
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Subsection 3 Order of Provisional Disposition(Articles 23 through 25-2)
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第三節 保全異議(第二十六条―第三十六条)
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Section 3 Objection to Provisional Remedy(Articles 26 through 36)
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第四節 保全取消し(第三十七条―第四十条)
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Section 4 Revocation of Provisional Remedy(Articles 37 through 40)
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第五節 保全抗告(第四十一条・第四十二条)
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Section 5 Appeal Pertaining to Provisional Remedy(Article 41 and Article 42)
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第三章 保全執行に関する手続
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Chapter III Procedure Concerning Execution of Provisional Remedy
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第一節 総則(第四十三条―第四十六条)
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Section 1 General Provisions(Articles 43 through 46)
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第二節 仮差押えの執行(第四十七条―第五十一条)
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Section 2 Execution of Provisional Seizure(Articles 47 through 51)
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第三節 仮処分の執行(第五十二条―第五十七条)
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Section 3 Execution of Provisional Disposition(Articles 52 through 57)
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第四章 仮処分の効力(第五十八条―第六十五条)
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Chapter IV Effect of Provisional Disposition(Articles 58 through 65)
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第五章 罰則(第六十六条・第六十七条)
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Chapter V Penal Provisions(Article 66 and Article 67)
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附 則
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Supplementary Provisions
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第一章 総則
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Chapter I General Provisions
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(趣旨)
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(Purpose)
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第一条民事訴訟の本案の権利の実現を保全するための仮差押え及び係争物に関する仮処分並びに民事訴訟の本案の権利関係につき仮の地位を定めるための仮処分(以下「民事保全」と総称する。)については、他の法令に定めるもののほか、この法律の定めるところによる。
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Article 1The provisional seizure and provisional disposition of a disputed subject matter in order to preserve the fulfillment of a right comprising the merits of a civil suit, and provisional disposition that determines the provisional status of a relationship of rights comprising the merits of a civil suit (hereinafter collectively referred to as "civil provisional remedies") are governed by the provisions of this Act in addition to the provisions of other laws and regulations.
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(民事保全の機関及び保全執行裁判所)
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(Agency for Civil Provisional Remedies and the Court Executing a Provisional Remedy)
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第二条民事保全の命令(以下「保全命令」という。)は、申立てにより、裁判所が行う。
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Article 2(1)An order for a civil provisional remedy (hereinafter referred to as an "order for a provisional remedy") is issued by a court upon petition.
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(3)For the execution of a provisional remedy carried out by a court, the court issuing the disposition to execute the remedy pursuant to the provisions of this Act is to be the court executing the provisional remedy, and for the disposition to execute the execution of a provisional remedy carried out by a court execution officer, the district court to which the court execution officer belongs is to be the court executing the provisional remedy.
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(任意的口頭弁論)
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(Optional Oral Arguments)
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第三条民事保全の手続に関する裁判は、口頭弁論を経ないですることができる。
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Article 3The court may render a judicial decision on civil provisional remedy proceedings without holding oral arguments.
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(担保の提供)
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(Provision of Security)
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第四条この法律の規定により担保を立てるには、担保を立てるべきことを命じた裁判所又は保全執行裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の管轄区域内の供託所に金銭又は担保を立てるべきことを命じた裁判所が相当と認める有価証券(社債、株式等の振替に関する法律(平成十三年法律第七十五号)第二百七十八条第一項に規定する振替債を含む。)を供託する方法その他最高裁判所規則で定める方法によらなければならない。ただし、当事者が特別の契約をしたときは、その契約による。
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Article 4(1)Security to be provided pursuant to the provisions of this Act must be made by means of a statutory deposit of money or of securities (including book-entry transfer bonds, etc. prescribed in Article 278, paragraph (1) of the Act on Book-Entry Transfer of Corporate Bonds and Shares (Act No. 75 of 2001)) that the court that has ordered the provision of security finds to be reasonable, with an official depository within the jurisdictional district of the district court that has jurisdiction over the location of the court that has ordered the provision of security or the court executing the provisional remedy, or by other means specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that if the parties concerned have made a special contract, that contract prevails.
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(2)The provisions of Article 77, Article 79, and Article 80 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Act No. 109 of 1996) apply mutatis mutandis to the security set forth in the preceding paragraph.
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(事件の記録の閲覧等)
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(Inspection of the Case Records)
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第五条保全命令に関する手続又は保全執行に関し裁判所が行う手続について、利害関係を有する者は、裁判所書記官に対し、事件の記録の閲覧若しくは謄写、その正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付又は事件に関する事項の証明書の交付を請求することができる。ただし、債権者以外の者にあっては、保全命令の申立てに関し口頭弁論若しくは債務者を呼び出す審尋の期日の指定があり、又は債務者に対する保全命令の送達があるまでの間は、この限りでない。
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Article 5With regard to proceedings concerning an order for a provisional remedy or proceedings carried out by a court for the execution of a provisional remedy, an interested party may file a request with a court clerk to be allowed to inspect or copy the case records, to be issued an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of the case records, or to be issued a certificate of the particulars of the case; provided, however, that this does not apply to a person other than an obligee for which the date for an oral argument or the date on which the obligor is summoned for a hearing is designated with respect to a petition for an order for a provisional remedy, or until the obligor is served with an order for a provisional remedy.
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(専属管轄)
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(Exclusive Jurisdiction)
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第六条この法律に規定する裁判所の管轄は、専属とする。
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Article 6The court jurisdictions prescribed in this Act are exclusive jurisdictions.
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(民事訴訟法の準用)
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(Mutatis Mutandis Application of the Code of Civil Procedure)
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第七条特別の定めがある場合を除き、民事保全の手続に関しては、民事訴訟法の規定を準用する。
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Article 7Except as otherwise provided for, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to proceedings for civil provisional remedies.
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(最高裁判所規則)
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(Rules of the Supreme Court)
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第八条この法律に定めるもののほか、民事保全の手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
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Article 8Beyond what is provided for in this Act, necessary matters concerning proceedings for civil provisional remedies are to be specified in the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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第二章 保全命令に関する手続
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Chapter II Proceedings Concerning Order for Provisional Remedy
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第一節 総則
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Section 1 General Provisions
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(釈明処分の特例)
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(Special Provisions on Order for Clarification)
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第九条裁判所は、争いに係る事実関係に関し、当事者の主張を明瞭にさせる必要があるときは、口頭弁論又は審尋の期日において、当事者のため事務を処理し、又は補助する者で、裁判所が相当と認めるものに陳述をさせることができる。
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Article 9When it is necessary in order to clarify the allegations of a party with regard to the facts pertaining to a dispute, the court may have a person who handles administrative affairs for the party or who assists the party and whom the court considers to be appropriate, to give a statement on the date for oral arguments or the date of the hearing.
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第二節 保全命令
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Section 2 Order for Provisional Remedy
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(保全命令事件の管轄)
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(Jurisdiction of a Case involving Order for Provisional Remedy)
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第十一条保全命令の申立ては、日本の裁判所に本案の訴えを提起することができるとき、又は仮に差し押さえるべき物若しくは係争物が日本国内にあるときに限り、することができる。
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Article 11A petition for an order for a provisional remedy may be filed only if an action on the merits may be filed with a court in Japan, or if the property to be provisionally seized or the disputed subject matter is located in Japan.
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2本案の訴えが民事訴訟法第六条第一項に規定する特許権等に関する訴えである場合には、保全命令事件は、前項の規定にかかわらず、本案の管轄裁判所が管轄する。ただし、仮に差し押さえるべき物又は係争物の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が同条第一項各号に定める裁判所であるときは、その裁判所もこれを管轄する。
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(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if the action on the merits is an action related to patent rights, etc. prescribed in Article 6, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure, the case involving the order for a provisional remedy is under the jurisdiction of the court with jurisdiction over the merits of the case; provided, however, that if the district court with jurisdiction over the location of the property to be provisionally seized or the disputed subject matter is a court specified in the items of paragraph (1) of that Article, the court is also to have jurisdiction over the case involving the order for a provisional remedy.
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4仮に差し押さえるべき物又は係争物が債権(民事執行法(昭和五十四年法律第四号)第百四十三条に規定する債権をいう。以下この条において同じ。)であるときは、その債権は、その債権の債務者(以下「第三債務者」という。)の普通裁判籍の所在地にあるものとする。ただし、船舶(同法第百十二条に規定する船舶をいう。以下同じ。)又は動産(同法第百二十二条に規定する動産をいう。以下同じ。)の引渡しを目的とする債権及び物上の担保権により担保される債権は、その物の所在地にあるものとする。
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(4)If the property to be provisionally seized or the disputed subject matter is a claim (meaning a claim prescribed in Article 143 of the Civil Execution Act (Act No. 4 of 1979); hereinafter the same applies in this Article), the claim is deemed to exist at the location of the general venue of the obligor of the claim (hereinafter referred to as the "third party obligor"); provided, however, that a claim for delivery of a vessel (meaning a vessel prescribed in Article 112 of the same Act; the same applies hereinafter) or movables (meaning movables prescribed in Article 122 of the same Act; the same applies hereinafter) or a claim secured by security right over a property is deemed to exist at the location of the property.
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5前項本文の規定は、仮に差し押さえるべき物又は係争物が民事執行法第百六十七条第一項に規定する財産権(以下「その他の財産権」という。)で第三債務者又はこれに準ずる者があるものである場合(次項に規定する場合を除く。)について準用する。
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(5)The provisions of the main clause of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis when the property to be provisionally seized or the disputed subject matter is a property right prescribed in Article 167, paragraph (1) of the Civil Execution Act (hereinafter referred to as "other property right") for which there is a third party obligor or person equivalent thereto (excluding cases prescribed in the following paragraph).
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(申立て及び疎明)
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(Petition and Prima Facie Showing)
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第十三条保全命令の申立ては、その趣旨並びに保全すべき権利又は権利関係及び保全の必要性を明らかにして、これをしなければならない。
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Article 13(1)A petition for an order for a provisional remedy must clarify the purpose thereof and the rights or relationship of rights that must be preserved and the necessity of preservation.
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(保全命令の担保)
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(Security for Order for Provisional Remedy)
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第十四条保全命令は、担保を立てさせて、若しくは相当と認める一定の期間内に担保を立てることを保全執行の実施の条件として、又は担保を立てさせないで発することができる。
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Article 14(1)An order for a provisional remedy may be issued while requiring provision of security or requiring provision of security within a certain period of time that is found to be reasonable as a condition for implementing the execution of the provisional remedy, or not requiring the provision of security.
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(2)In the case set forth in the preceding paragraph in which security is to be provided, if there are grounds that make it difficult for the party to make a statutory deposit with an official depository provided for in Article 4, paragraph (1) without delay, the party may, with the court's permission, make a statutory deposit with an official depository within the jurisdictional district of the district court having jurisdiction over the obligee's domicile or the location of the obligee's office or other places that the court finds to be appropriate.
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(裁判長の権限)
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(Authority of the Presiding Judge)
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第十五条保全命令は、急迫の事情があるときに限り、裁判長が発することができる。
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Article 15An order for a provisional remedy may be issued by the presiding judge, but only if there are pressing circumstances.
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(決定の理由)
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(Reasons for the Ruling)
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第十六条保全命令の申立てについての決定には、理由を付さなければならない。ただし、口頭弁論を経ないで決定をする場合には、理由の要旨を示せば足りる。
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Article 16A ruling on a petition for an order for a provisional remedy must be appended by the reasons therefor; provided, however, that if the ruling is made without holding oral arguments, it is sufficient if an outline of the reasons is given.
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(送達)
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(Service)
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第十七条保全命令は、当事者に送達しなければならない。
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Article 17An order for a provisional remedy must be served on the party.
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(保全命令の申立ての取下げ)
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(Withdrawal of Petition for Order for Provisional Remedy)
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第十八条保全命令の申立てを取り下げるには、保全異議又は保全取消しの申立てがあった後においても、債務者の同意を得ることを要しない。
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Article 18It is not required for the obligor's consent to be obtained in order to withdraw a petition for an order for a provisional remedy, even after an objection to the provisional remedy or a petition for revocation of provisional remedy is filed.
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(却下の裁判に対する即時抗告)
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(Immediate Appeal against a Judicial Decision of Dismissal)
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第十九条保全命令の申立てを却下する裁判に対しては、債権者は、告知を受けた日から二週間の不変期間内に、即時抗告をすることができる。
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Article 19(1)An obligee may file an immediate appeal against a judicial decision to dismiss a petition for an order for a provisional remedy, within an unextendable period of two weeks from the day on which the obligee has been notified of the decision.
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第二款 仮差押命令
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Subsection 2 Order for Provisional Seizure
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(仮差押命令の必要性)
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(Necessity of Order for Provisional Seizure)
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第二十条仮差押命令は、金銭の支払を目的とする債権について、強制執行をすることができなくなるおそれがあるとき、又は強制執行をするのに著しい困難を生ずるおそれがあるときに発することができる。
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Article 20(1)An order for provisional seizure may be issued when it is likely that a compulsory execution regarding a claim for payment of money will not be possible, or it is likely that significant difficulties will arise in implementing compulsory execution.
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(仮差押命令の対象)
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(Object of Order for Provisional Seizure)
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第二十一条仮差押命令は、特定の物について発しなければならない。ただし、動産の仮差押命令は、目的物を特定しないで発することができる。
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Article 21An order for provisional seizure must be issued with regard to a specific property; provided, however, that an order for provisional seizure of movables may be issued without the subject matter being specified.
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(仮差押解放金)
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(Money for Release from Provisional Seizure)
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第二十二条仮差押命令においては、仮差押えの執行の停止を得るため、又は既にした仮差押えの執行の取消しを得るために債務者が供託すべき金銭の額を定めなければならない。
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Article 22(1)An order for provisional seizure must specify the amount of money that the obligor must deposit in order to obtain a stay of execution of a provisional seizure or in order to have a provisional seizure that has already been executed revoked.
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(2)A deposit of money set forth in the preceding paragraph must be made with an official depository within the jurisdictional district of the district court that has jurisdiction over the location of the court that has issued the order for provisional seizure or the court that executes the provisional remedy.
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第三款 仮処分命令
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Subsection 3 Order of Provisional Disposition
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(仮処分命令の必要性等)
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(Necessity of Order of Provisional Disposition)
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第二十三条係争物に関する仮処分命令は、その現状の変更により、債権者が権利を実行することができなくなるおそれがあるとき、又は権利を実行するのに著しい困難を生ずるおそれがあるときに発することができる。
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Article 23(1)An order of provisional disposition with regard to a disputed subject matter may be issued when it is likely that the obligee's exercise of its right will not be possible or will be extremely difficult due to any changes to the existing state of the subject matter.
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(4)An order of provisional disposition set forth in paragraph (2) may not be issued without holding oral arguments or a hearing at which the obligor may be present; provided, however, that this does not apply when circumstances are such that the objective of the petition for an order of provisional disposition cannot be achieved if the proceedings are held.
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(仮処分の方法)
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(Means of Provisional Disposition)
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第二十四条裁判所は、仮処分命令の申立ての目的を達するため、債務者に対し一定の行為を命じ、若しくは禁止し、若しくは給付を命じ、又は保管人に目的物を保管させる処分その他の必要な処分をすることができる。
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Article 24In order to achieve the objective of a petition for an order of provisional disposition, the court may issue a disposition ordering the obligor to take or prohibit from taking certain actions, ordering the obligor to tender performance, or having the object to be placed in the custody of a custodian, or issue other necessary dispositions.
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(仮処分解放金)
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(Money for Release from a Provisional Disposition)
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第二十五条裁判所は、保全すべき権利が金銭の支払を受けることをもってその行使の目的を達することができるものであるときに限り、債権者の意見を聴いて、仮処分の執行の停止を得るため、又は既にした仮処分の執行の取消しを得るために債務者が供託すべき金銭の額を仮処分命令において定めることができる。
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Article 25(1)After hearing the opinion of the obligee, the court may specify in an order of provisional disposition the amount of money that the obligor should deposit in order to obtain a stay of execution of a provisional disposition or have a provisional disposition that has already been executed revoked, but only if the objective of the exercise of a right to be preserved can be achieved through the receipt of a monetary payment.
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(債務者を特定しないで発する占有移転禁止の仮処分命令)
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(Order of Provisional Disposition Prohibiting the Transfer of Possession Issued Without Specifying the Obligor)
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第二十五条の二占有移転禁止の仮処分命令(係争物の引渡し又は明渡しの請求権を保全するための仮処分命令のうち、次に掲げる事項を内容とするものをいう。以下この条、第五十四条の二及び第六十二条において同じ。)であって、係争物が不動産であるものについては、その執行前に債務者を特定することを困難とする特別の事情があるときは、裁判所は、債務者を特定しないで、これを発することができる。
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Article 25-2(1)The court may issue an order of provisional disposition prohibiting the transfer of possession (meaning an order of provisional disposition issued to preserve the right to claim the delivery or surrender of the disputed subject matter, which contains the particulars set forth in the following items; hereinafter the same applies in this Article, Article 54-2, and Article 62) for a disputed subject matter constituting real property without specifying the obligor if there are special circumstances that make it difficult to specify the obligor prior to the execution of the order:
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一債務者に対し、係争物の占有の移転を禁止し、及び係争物の占有を解いて執行官に引き渡すべきことを命ずること。
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(i)prohibiting the obligor from transferring the possession of the disputed subject matter, and ordering the obligor to release the disputed subject matter from its possession and deliver it to a court execution officer; and
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二執行官に、係争物の保管をさせ、かつ、債務者が係争物の占有の移転を禁止されている旨及び執行官が係争物を保管している旨を公示させること。
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(ii)having the disputed subject matter placed in the custody of a court execution officer and having the court execution officer issue a public notice to the effect that the obligor is prohibited from transferring the possession of the disputed subject matter and that the court execution officer has custody of the disputed subject matter.
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(2)When an order of provisional disposition prohibiting the transfer of possession under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is executed, the person who, through the execution, is released from the possession of the real property that constitutes the disputed subject matter becomes the obligor.
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3第一項の規定による占有移転禁止の仮処分命令は、第四十三条第二項の期間内にその執行がされなかったときは、債務者に対して送達することを要しない。この場合において、第四条第二項において準用する民事訴訟法第七十九条第一項の規定による担保の取消しの決定で第十四条第一項の規定により立てさせた担保に係るものは、裁判所が相当と認める方法で申立人に告知することによって、その効力を生ずる。
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(3)An order of provisional disposition prohibiting the transfer of possession under the provisions of paragraph (1) is not required to be served upon the obligor if the order is not executed within the period set forth in Article 43, paragraph (2).In this case, a ruling under the provisions of Article 79, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 4, paragraph (2) to release the security that was provided pursuant to the provisions of Article 14, paragraph (1), becomes effective through the court notifying the petitioner of the ruling by a method it finds appropriate.
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第三節 保全異議
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Section 3 Objection to Provisional Remedy
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(保全異議の申立て)
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(Filing of an Objection to Provisional Remedy)
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第二十六条保全命令に対しては、債務者は、その命令を発した裁判所に保全異議を申し立てることができる。
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Article 26An obligor may file an objection to an order for a provisional remedy with the court that issued the order.
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(保全執行の停止の裁判等)
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(Judicial Decision to Stay the Execution of a Provisional Remedy)
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第二十七条保全異議の申立てがあった場合において、保全命令の取消しの原因となることが明らかな事情及び保全執行により償うことができない損害を生ずるおそれがあることにつき疎明があったときに限り、裁判所は、申立てにより、保全異議の申立てについての決定において第三項の規定による裁判をするまでの間、担保を立てさせて、又は担保を立てることを条件として保全執行の停止又は既にした執行処分の取消しを命ずることができる。
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Article 27(1)If an objection to a provisional remedy is filed, the court may, upon petition, order a stay of execution of the provisional remedy or order the revocation of a disposition that has already been executed by requiring the provision of security or on condition that security will be provided, during the period until the court reaches a judicial decision set forth in the provisions of paragraph (3) in its ruling on the objection to the provisional remedy, but only if a prima facie showing is made with regard to circumstances that are clearly grounds for revocation of the order for the provisional remedy and the likelihood that executing the provisional remedy will cause damage which cannot be compensated.
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(事件の移送)
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(Transfer of a Case)
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第二十八条裁判所は、当事者、尋問を受けるべき証人及び審尋を受けるべき参考人の住所その他の事情を考慮して、保全異議事件につき著しい遅滞を避け、又は当事者間の衡平を図るために必要があるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、当該保全命令事件につき管轄権を有する他の裁判所に事件を移送することができる。
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Article 28When it is necessary in order to avoid a substantial delay in a case involving an objection to a provisional remedy or to ensure equity between the parties, in consideration of the domicile of a party, a witness to be examined, or a unsworn witness to be heard, or of any other circumstances, the court may, by petition or on its own authority, transfer the case to another court that has jurisdiction over the case involving the order for provisional remedy.
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(保全異議の審理)
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(Proceedings for Objection to Provisional Remedy)
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第二十九条裁判所は、口頭弁論又は当事者双方が立ち会うことができる審尋の期日を経なければ、保全異議の申立てについての決定をすることができない。
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Article 29The court may not render a ruling on a filing of an objection to a provisional remedy without holding oral arguments or holding a hearing at which both parties may be present.
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(審理の終結)
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(Conclusion of Proceedings)
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第三十一条裁判所は、審理を終結するには、相当の猶予期間を置いて、審理を終結する日を決定しなければならない。ただし、口頭弁論又は当事者双方が立ち会うことができる審尋の期日においては、直ちに審理を終結する旨を宣言することができる。
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Article 31In order to conclude proceedings, the court must decide the day on which proceedings are to be concluded, leaving a reasonable grace period; provided, however, that on the date of oral argument or hearing at which both parties may be present, the court may declare that proceedings are to be immediately concluded.
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(保全異議の申立てについての決定)
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(Ruling on Filing of Objection to Provisional Remedy)
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第三十二条裁判所は、保全異議の申立てについての決定においては、保全命令を認可し、変更し、又は取り消さなければならない。
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Article 32(1)The court must, in a ruling on a filing of an objection to a provisional remedy, approve, change, or revoke the order for the provisional remedy.
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(2)In the ruling set forth in the preceding paragraph, the court may, as a condition for implementing or continuing execution of a provisional remedy, require the obligee's provision of security within a certain period of time that the court finds to be reasonable, or may increase the amount of security required under the provisions of Article 14, paragraph (1) and require the obligee's provision of security in the amount of the increase within a certain period of time that the court finds to be reasonable.
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(原状回復の裁判)
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(Judicial Decision of Restitution)
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第三十三条仮処分命令に基づき、債権者が物の引渡し若しくは明渡し若しくは金銭の支払を受け、又は物の使用若しくは保管をしているときは、裁判所は、債務者の申立てにより、前条第一項の規定により仮処分命令を取り消す決定において、債権者に対し、債務者が引き渡し、若しくは明け渡した物の返還、債務者が支払った金銭の返還又は債権者が使用若しくは保管をしている物の返還を命ずることができる。
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Article 33If, based on an order of provisional disposition, an obligee has been delivered or surrendered an object, has received a monetary payment, or has used or had in its custody an object, the court may, at the petition of the obligor, order the obligee to return the object delivered or surrendered to them by the obligor, the money paid to them by the obligor, or the object used or held in custody by them, in a ruling to revoke the order of provisional disposition pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
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(保全命令を取り消す決定の効力)
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(Effect of Ruling to Revoke Order for Provisional Remedy)
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第三十四条裁判所は、第三十二条第一項の規定により保全命令を取り消す決定において、その送達を受けた日から二週間を超えない範囲内で相当と認める一定の期間を経過しなければその決定の効力が生じない旨を宣言することができる。ただし、その決定に対して保全抗告をすることができないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 34In a ruling to revoke an order for a provisional remedy under the provisions of Article 32, paragraph (1), the court may declare that the ruling to revoke the order will not take effect until the expiration of a certain period of time that it finds to be reasonable, not exceeding two weeks from the day on which the ruling is served; provided, however, that this does not apply when no appeal may be filed against the ruling to revoke the order.
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(保全異議の申立ての取下げ)
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(Withdrawal of Filing of Objection to Provisional Remedy)
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第三十五条保全異議の申立てを取り下げるには、債権者の同意を得ることを要しない。
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Article 35It is not required to obtain the obligee's consent in order to withdraw a filing of an objection to a provisional remedy.
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(判事補の権限の特例)
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(Special Provisions on the Authority of Assistant Judges)
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第三十六条保全異議の申立てについての裁判は、判事補が単独ですることができない。
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Article 36An assistant judge may not independently render a judicial decision on a filing of an objection to a provisional remedy.
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第四節 保全取消し
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Section 4 Revocation of Provisional Remedy
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(本案の訴えの不提起等による保全取消し)
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(Revocation of Provisional Remedy by Reason of Failure to File an Action on the Merits)
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第三十七条保全命令を発した裁判所は、債務者の申立てにより、債権者に対し、相当と認める一定の期間内に、本案の訴えを提起するとともにその提起を証する書面を提出し、既に本案の訴えを提起しているときはその係属を証する書面を提出すべきことを命じなければならない。
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Article 37(1)At the petition of the obligor, the court that issued the order for a provisional remedy must order the obligee to, within a certain period of time that the court finds to be reasonable, file an action on the merits and submit a document certifying the filing, or, if the obligee has already filed an action on the merits, to submit a document certifying that the action is pending before a court.
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(5)With regard to the application of the provisions of paragraph (1) and paragraph (3), the filing of an action on the merits is deemed to be the filing of a petition for conciliation with a family court if the case on the merits is a case prescribed in Article 18, paragraph (1) of the Act on Adjudication of Domestic Relations (Act No. 152 of 1947); the filing of a petition for labor tribunal proceedings with a district court if the case on the merits is a case prescribed in Article 1 of the Labor Tribunal Act (Act No. 45 of 2004); the procedures for commencing arbitration proceedings if an arbitration agreement exists with respect to the case on the merits; and an application for an adjudication of liability to compensate for damages (referred to as a "adjudication of liability" in the following paragraph) prescribed in Article 42-12, paragraph (1) of the Act on the Settlement of Environmental Pollution Disputes (Act No. 108 of 1970) if the case on the merits is a case demanding compensation for damage related to environmental pollution prescribed in Article 2 of that Act.
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(6)If a conciliation case referred to in the preceding paragraph, labor tribunal proceedings referred to in the same paragraph, arbitration proceedings referred to in the same paragraph or proceedings for adjudication of liability referred to the same paragraph ends without a conciliation, a labor tribunal judgment (including when a conciliation is reached under the provisions of Article 16 of the Civil Conciliation Act (Act No. 222 of 1951) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provisions of Article 29 of the Labor Tribunal Act, and when a labor tribunal case ends pursuant to the provisions of Article 24, paragraph (1) of the Labor Tribunal Act) an arbitration judgment or an adjudication of liability (including when an agreement between the parties is reached pursuant to Article 42-24, paragraph (2) of the Act on the Settlement of Environmental Pollution Disputes) being reached, the obligee must file an action on the merits within the same period as the period specified under the provisions of paragraph (1) starting from the date of the end of the case or the proceedings.
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7第三項の規定は債権者が前項の規定による本案の訴えの提起をしなかった場合について、第四項の規定は前項の本案の訴えが提起され、又は労働審判法第二十二条第一項(同法第二十三条第二項及び第二十四条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定により訴えの提起があったものとみなされた後にその訴えが取り下げられ、又は却下された場合について準用する。
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(7)The provisions of paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis when the obligee has failed to file an action on the merits under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and the provisions of paragraph (4) apply mutatis mutandis when an action on the merits set forth in the preceding paragraph is filed or the action is deemed to have been filed under the provisions of Article 22, paragraph (1) of the Labor Tribunal Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 23, paragraph (2) and Article 24, paragraph (2) of that Act) and subsequently has been withdrawn or dismissed.
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(事情の変更による保全取消し)
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(Revocation of Provisional Remedy by Reason of Change in Circumstances)
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第三十八条保全すべき権利若しくは権利関係又は保全の必要性の消滅その他の事情の変更があるときは、保全命令を発した裁判所又は本案の裁判所は、債務者の申立てにより、保全命令を取り消すことができる。
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Article 38(1)If the right or relationship of rights that should be preserved or the necessity to preserve the right no longer exists, or if there has been any other change in circumstances, the court that issued the order for the provisional remedy or the court hearing the case on the merits may revoke the provisional remedy upon the petition of the obligor.
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(特別の事情による保全取消し)
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(Revocation of Provisional Remedy by Reason of Special Circumstances)
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第三十九条仮処分命令により償うことができない損害を生ずるおそれがあるときその他の特別の事情があるときは、仮処分命令を発した裁判所又は本案の裁判所は、債務者の申立てにより、担保を立てることを条件として仮処分命令を取り消すことができる。
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Article 39(1)If it is likely that an order of provisional disposition will cause damage which cannot be compensated or if there are other special circumstances, upon the petition of the obligor, the court that issued the order of provisional disposition or the court hearing the case on the merits may revoke the order of provision disposition, conditional upon the provision of security.
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(保全異議の規定の準用等)
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(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Objection to a Provisional Remedy)
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第四十条第二十七条から第二十九条まで、第三十一条及び第三十三条から第三十六条までの規定は、保全取消しに関する裁判について準用する。ただし、第二十七条から第二十九条まで、第三十一条、第三十三条、第三十四条及び第三十六条の規定は、第三十七条第一項の規定による裁判については、この限りでない。
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Article 40(1)The provisions of Articles 27 through 29, Article 31, and Articles 33 through 36 apply mutatis mutandis to a judicial decision involving the revocation of a provisional remedy; provided, however, that the provisions of Articles 27 through 29, Article 31, Article 33, Article 34, and Article 36 do not apply to the judicial decision under the provisions of Article 37, paragraph (1).
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(2)When a petition to revoke a provisional remedy is filed with the court hearing the case on the merits other than the court that issued the order for the provisional remedy, and the case record exists at the court that issued the order for the provisional remedy, the court that issued the order for the provisional remedy may also make the judicial decision under the provisions of Article 27, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph.
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第五節 保全抗告
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Section 5 Appeal Pertaining to Provisional Remedy
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(保全抗告)
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(Appeal Pertaining to Provisional Remedy)
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第四十一条保全異議又は保全取消しの申立てについての裁判(第三十三条(前条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による裁判を含む。)に対しては、その送達を受けた日から二週間の不変期間内に、保全抗告をすることができる。ただし、抗告裁判所が発した保全命令に対する保全異議の申立てについての裁判に対しては、この限りでない。
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Article 41(1)An appeal pertaining to provisional remedy may be filed against a judicial decision on a filing of an objection to a provisional remedy or on a petition to revoke a provisional remedy (including a judicial decision pursuant to the provisions of Article 33 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (1) of the preceding Article)), within a unextendable period of two weeks from the day on which the judicial decision is served; provided, however, that this does not apply to a judicial decision on a filing of an objection to a provisional remedy issued by a court in charge of an appeal.
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4第十六条本文、第十七条並びに第三十二条第二項及び第三項の規定は保全抗告についての決定について、第二十七条第一項、第四項及び第五項、第二十九条、第三十一条並びに第三十三条の規定は保全抗告に関する裁判について、民事訴訟法第三百四十九条の規定は保全抗告をすることができる裁判が確定した場合について準用する。
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(4)The provisions of the main clause of Article 16, Article 17, and Article 32, paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to a ruling on an appeal pertaining to provisional remedy; the provisions of Article 27, paragraph (1), paragraph (4), and paragraph (5), Article 29, Article 31, and Article 33 apply mutatis mutandis to a judicial decision on an appeal pertaining to provisional remedy; and the provisions of Article 349 of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis when a judicial decision against which an appeal pertaining to provisional remedy may be filed becomes final and binding.
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(保全命令を取り消す決定の効力の停止の裁判)
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(Judicial Decision to Stay the Effect of Ruling Revoking Order for Provisional Remedy)
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第四十二条保全命令を取り消す決定に対して保全抗告があった場合において、原決定の取消しの原因となることが明らかな事情及びその命令の取消しにより償うことができない損害を生ずるおそれがあることにつき疎明があったときに限り、抗告裁判所は、申立てにより、保全抗告についての裁判をするまでの間、担保を立てさせて、又は担保を立てることを条件として保全命令を取り消す決定の効力の停止を命ずることができる。
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Article 42(1)If an appeal pertaining to provisional remedy is filed against a ruling to revoke an order for a provisional remedy, the court in charge of an appeal may, upon petition, order a stay of the effect of the ruling to revoke the order for the provisional remedy by requiring the provision of security or on condition that security will be provided, during the period until the court reaches a judicial decision on the appeal, but only if a prima facie showing is made with regard to circumstances that are clearly grounds for revocation of the ruling of prior instance, and of the likelihood that revoking the order will cause damage which cannot be compensated.
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第三章 保全執行に関する手続
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Chapter III Procedures for Executing Provisional Remedy
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第一節 総則
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Section 1 General Provisions
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(保全執行の要件)
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(Requirements for Executing Provisional Remedy)
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第四十三条保全執行は、保全命令の正本に基づいて実施する。ただし、保全命令に表示された当事者以外の者に対し、又はその者のためにする保全執行は、執行文の付された保全命令の正本に基づいて実施する。
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Article 43(1)The execution of a provisional remedy is to be implemented based on an authenticated copy of the order for the provisional remedy; provided, however, that the execution of a provisional remedy against or in the interest of a party other than the party indicated in the order for the provisional remedy is to be implemented based on an authenticated copy of the order for the provisional remedy with a certificate of execution attached thereto.
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(追加担保を提供しないことによる保全執行の取消し)
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(Revocation of Execution of Provisional Remedy by Reason of Failure to Provide Additional Security)
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第四十四条第三十二条第二項(第三十八条第三項及び第四十一条第四項において準用する場合を含む。以下この項において同じ。)の規定により担保を立てることを保全執行の続行の条件とする旨の裁判があったときは、債権者は、第三十二条第二項の規定により定められた期間内に担保を立てたことを証する書面をその期間の末日から一週間以内に保全執行裁判所又は執行官に提出しなければならない。
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Article 44(1)If a judicial decision is rendered to make the continuance of an execution of a provisional remedy conditional upon the provision of security pursuant to the provisions of Article 32, paragraph (2) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 38, paragraph (3) and Article 41, paragraph (4); hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph), the obligee must submit a document certifying that they have provided security within the period specified under the provisions of Article 32, paragraph (2), to the court executing the provisional remedy or to the court execution officer within one week from the last day of that period.
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(2)If the obligee fails to submit the document under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the court executing the provisional remedy or the court execution officer must revoke the disposition that has already been made to execute the provisional remedy if the obligor submits an authenticated copy of the judicial decision set forth in that paragraph.
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(3)The provisions of Article 40, paragraph (2) of the Civil Execution Act apply mutatis mutandis to the revocation of a disposition of execution pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
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(第三者異議の訴えの管轄裁判所の特例)
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(Special Provisions on the Court with Jurisdiction over Third Party Action Against Execution)
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第四十五条高等裁判所が保全執行裁判所としてした保全執行に対する第三者異議の訴えは、仮に差し押さえるべき物又は係争物の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が管轄する。
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Article 45A third party action against the execution of a provisional remedy carried out by a high court as the court executing the provisional remedy falls under the jurisdiction of the district court that has jurisdiction over the location of the property to be provisionally seized or the disputed subject matter.
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(民事執行法の準用)
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(Mutatis Mutandis Application of the Civil Execution Act)
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第四十六条この章に特別の定めがある場合を除き、民事執行法第五条から第十四条まで、第十六条、第十八条、第二十三条第一項、第二十六条、第二十七条第二項、第二十八条、第三十条第二項、第三十二条から第三十四条まで、第三十六条から第三十八条まで、第三十九条第一項第一号から第四号まで、第六号及び第七号、第四十条並びに第四十一条の規定は、保全執行について準用する。
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Article 46Except as otherwise provided for in this Chapter, the provisions of Articles 5 through 14, Article 16, Article 18, Article 23, paragraph (1), Article 26, Article 27, paragraph (2), Article 28, Article 30, paragraph (2), Articles 32 through 34, Articles 36 through 38, Article 39, paragraph (1), items (i) through (iv), item (vi) and item (vii), Article 40, and Article 41 of the Civil Execution Act apply mutatis mutandis to the execution of provisional remedy.
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第二節 仮差押えの執行
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Section 2 Execution of Provisional Seizure
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(不動産に対する仮差押えの執行)
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(Execution of Provisional Seizure of Real Property)
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第四十七条民事執行法第四十三条第一項に規定する不動産(同条第二項の規定により不動産とみなされるものを含む。)に対する仮差押えの執行は、仮差押えの登記をする方法又は強制管理の方法により行う。これらの方法は、併用することができる。
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Article 47(1)A provisional seizure of real property prescribed in Article 43, paragraph (1) of the Civil Execution Act (including property that is deemed to be real property pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of the same Article) is executed by means of registration of the provisional seizure or by means of compulsory administration. These means may be used jointly.
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4強制管理の方法による仮差押えの執行においては、管理人は、次項において準用する民事執行法第百七条第一項の規定により計算した配当等に充てるべき金銭を供託し、その事情を保全執行裁判所に届け出なければならない。
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(4)In the execution of a provisional seizure by means of compulsory administration, the administrator must make a statutory deposit of the money to be allotted to the liquidating distribution, etc. as calculated under the provisions of Article 107, paragraph (1) of the Civil Execution Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the following paragraph, and notify the court executing the provisional remedy of the circumstances.
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5民事執行法第四十六条第二項、第四十七条第一項、第四十八条第二項、第五十三条及び第五十四条の規定は仮差押えの登記をする方法による仮差押えの執行について、同法第四十四条、第四十六条第一項、第四十七条第二項、第六項本文及び第七項、第四十八条、第五十三条、第五十四条、第九十三条から第九十三条の三まで、第九十四条から第百四条まで、第百六条並びに第百七条第一項の規定は強制管理の方法による仮差押えの執行について準用する。
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(5)The provisions of Article 46, paragraph (2), Article 47, paragraph (1), Article 48, paragraph (2), Article 53, and Article 54 of the Civil Execution Act apply mutatis mutandis to the execution of a provisional seizure by means of registration of the provisional seizure, and the provisions of Article 44, Article 46, paragraph (1), Article 47, paragraph (2), the main clause of paragraph (6), and paragraph (7), Article 48, Article 53, Article 54, Articles 93 through 93-3, Articles 94 through 104, Article 106, and Article 107, paragraph (1) of the same Act apply mutatis mutandis to the execution of a provisional seizure by means of compulsory administration.
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(船舶に対する仮差押えの執行)
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(Execution of Provisional Seizure of a Vessel)
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第四十八条船舶に対する仮差押えの執行は、仮差押えの登記をする方法又は執行官に対し船舶の国籍を証する文書その他の船舶の航行のために必要な文書(以下この条において「船舶国籍証書等」という。)を取り上げて保全執行裁判所に提出すべきことを命ずる方法により行う。これらの方法は、併用することができる。
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Article 48(1)The provisional seizure of a vessel is executed by means of registration of the provisional seizure or by means of ordering the court execution officer to confiscate the document proving the nationality of the vessel and other necessary documents for the navigation of the vessel (hereinafter referred to as the "certificate of the vessel's nationality, etc." in this Article) and to submit them to the court executing the provisional remedy. These means may be used jointly.
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(2)The court that issued the order for provisional seizure has jurisdiction over the execution of a provisional seizure that is carried out by means of registration of the provisional seizure as the court executing the provisional remedy, and the district court that has jurisdiction over the location of the vessel has jurisdiction over the execution of a provisional seizure that is carried out by means of ordering the confiscation of the certificate of the vessel's nationality, etc.
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3前条第三項並びに民事執行法第四十六条第二項、第四十七条第一項、第四十八条第二項、第五十三条及び第五十四条の規定は仮差押えの登記をする方法による仮差押えの執行について、同法第四十五条第三項、第四十七条第一項、第五十三条、第百十六条及び第百十八条の規定は船舶国籍証書等の取上げを命ずる方法による仮差押えの執行について準用する。
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(3)The provisions of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article and the provisions of Article 46, paragraph (2), Article 47, paragraph (1), Article 48, paragraph (2), Article 53, and Article 54 of the Civil Execution Act apply mutatis mutandis to the execution of a provisional seizure by means of registration of the provisional seizure, and the provisions of Article 45, paragraph (3), Article 47, paragraph (1), Article 53, Article 116 and Article 118 of the same Act apply mutatis mutandis to the execution of a provisional seizure by means of ordering the confiscation of the certificate of the vessel's nationality, etc.
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(動産に対する仮差押えの執行)
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(Execution of the Provisional Seizure of Movables)
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第四十九条動産に対する仮差押えの執行は、執行官が目的物を占有する方法により行う。
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Article 49(1)The provisional seizure of movables is executed by means of a court execution officer taking possession of the subject matter.
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(2)A court execution officer must make a statutory deposit of money that is subject to the execution of a provisional seizure. The same applies to money paid to a court execution officer with regard to a negotiable instrument, check or any other securities for payment of money, which is subject to the execution of a provisional seizure and requires presentation for underwriting or payment, or requires a demand for payment within the period specified for exercising their rights.
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3仮差押えの執行に係る動産について著しい価額の減少を生ずるおそれがあるとき、又はその保管のために不相応な費用を要するときは、執行官は、民事執行法の規定による動産執行の売却の手続によりこれを売却し、その売得金を供託しなければならない。
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(3)If the movables subject to the execution of a provisional seizure are likely to considerably decline in value or if retaining the movables requires an inappropriate amount of costs, the court execution officer must sell the movables by following the procedures for the sale of movables subject to execution under the provisions of the Civil Execution Act, and make a statutory deposit of the proceeds of the sale.
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(4)The provisions of Articles 123 through 129, Article 131, Article 132, and Article 136 of the Civil Execution Act apply mutatis mutandis to the execution of a provisional seizure of movables.
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(債権及びその他の財産権に対する仮差押えの執行)
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(Execution of Provisional Seizure of Claims and Other Property Rights)
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第五十条民事執行法第百四十三条に規定する債権に対する仮差押えの執行は、保全執行裁判所が第三債務者に対し債務者への弁済を禁止する命令を発する方法により行う。
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Article 50(1)The provisional seizure of a claim prescribed in Article 143 of the Civil Execution Act is executed by the court that executes a provisional remedy issuing an order prohibiting a third party obligor from providing performance to the obligor.
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(3)If a third party obligor has made a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the amount of the claim for the payment of money against which the provisional seizure was executed, the obligor is deemed to have made a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the amount of money specified under the provisions of Article 22, paragraph (1); provided, however, that this does not apply to the part of the deposit which exceeds the amount of money equivalent to the specified amount.
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5民事執行法第百四十五条第二項から第五項まで、第百四十六条から第百五十三条まで、第百五十六条、第百六十四条第五項及び第六項並びに第百六十七条の規定は、第一項の債権及びその他の財産権に対する仮差押えの執行について準用する。
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(5)The provisions of Article 145, paragraphs (2) through (5), Articles 146 through 153, Article 156, Article 164, paragraph (5) and paragraph (6), and Article 167 of the Civil Execution Act apply mutatis mutandis to the execution of a provisional seizure of a claim and other property rights as set forth in paragraph (1).
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(仮差押解放金の供託による仮差押えの執行の取消し)
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(Revocation of Execution of Provisional Seizure by Reason of Deposit of Money for Release from Provisional Seizure)
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第五十一条債務者が第二十二条第一項の規定により定められた金銭の額に相当する金銭を供託したことを証明したときは、保全執行裁判所は、仮差押えの執行を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 51(1)If an obligor proves that they have made a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the amount of money specified under the provisions of Article 22, paragraph (1), the court executing the provisional remedy must revoke the execution of the provisional seizure.
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(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 12, paragraph (2) of the Civil Execution Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 46, the ruling made under the provisions of the preceding paragraph becomes effective immediately.
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第三節 仮処分の執行
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Section 3 Execution of Provisional Disposition
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(仮処分の執行)
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(Execution of Provisional Disposition)
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第五十二条仮処分の執行については、この節に定めるもののほか、仮差押えの執行又は強制執行の例による。
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Article 52(1)The execution of a provisional disposition is governed by the rules for the execution of a provisional seizure or compulsory execution, in addition to the provisions of this Section.
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(不動産の登記請求権を保全するための処分禁止の仮処分の執行)
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(Execution of Provisional Disposition Prohibiting the Disposal of Property in Order to Preserve the Right to Claim the Registration of Real Property)
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第五十三条不動産に関する権利についての登記(仮登記を除く。)を請求する権利(以下「登記請求権」という。)を保全するための処分禁止の仮処分の執行は、処分禁止の登記をする方法により行う。
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Article 53(1)A provisional disposition prohibiting the disposal of property in order to preserve the right to claim the registration (excluding provisional registration) of a right to real property (hereinafter referred to as the "right to claim registration") is executed by means of registration of the prohibition of disposal.
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(2)A provisional disposition prohibiting the disposal of property in order to preserve the right to claim a registration with regard to the preservation, establishment, or change of a right to real property other than an ownership right is executed by means of provisional registration through a provisional disposition (hereinafter referred to as a "provisional registration for the purpose of preservation"), together with the registration of the prohibition of disposal referred to in the preceding paragraph.
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(3)The provisions of Article 47, paragraph (2) and paragraph (3), and the provisions of Article 48, paragraph (2), Article 53, and Article 54 of the Civil Execution Act apply mutatis mutandis to the execution of a provisional disposition prohibiting the disposal of property set forth in the preceding two paragraphs.
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(不動産に関する権利以外の権利についての登記又は登録請求権を保全するための処分禁止の仮処分の執行)
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(Execution of a Provisional Disposition Prohibiting the Disposal of Property in Order to Preserve the Right to Claim Registration of Right Other Than the Right to Real Property)
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第五十四条前条の規定は、不動産に関する権利以外の権利で、その処分の制限につき登記又は登録を対抗要件又は効力発生要件とするものについての登記(仮登記を除く。)又は登録(仮登録を除く。)を請求する権利を保全するための処分禁止の仮処分の執行について準用する。
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Article 54The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the execution of a provisional disposition prohibiting the disposal of property in order to preserve the right to claim registration (excluding provisional registration) of a right other than a right to real property, for which the restriction on disposal may not be duly asserted against a third party or which is not effective until registered.
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(債務者を特定しないで発された占有移転禁止の仮処分命令の執行)
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(Execution of Order of Provisional Disposition Prohibiting the Transfer of Possession Issued Without Specifying the Obligor)
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第五十四条の二第二十五条の二第一項の規定による占有移転禁止の仮処分命令の執行は、係争物である不動産の占有を解く際にその占有者を特定することができない場合は、することができない。
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Article 54-2An order of provisional disposition prohibiting the transfer of possession issued under the provisions of Article 25-2, paragraph (1) may not be executed if it is not possible to specify the possessor of real property that constitutes the disputed subject matter, at the time of releasing the real property from possession.
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(建物収去土地明渡請求権を保全するための建物の処分禁止の仮処分の執行)
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(Execution of a Provisional Disposition Prohibiting the Disposal of a Building in Order to Preserve the Right to Claim the Removal of the Building and the Surrender of Land)
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第五十五条建物の収去及びその敷地の明渡しの請求権を保全するため、その建物の処分禁止の仮処分命令が発せられたときは、その仮処分の執行は、処分禁止の登記をする方法により行う。
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Article 55(1)When an order of provisional disposition is issued to prohibit the disposal of a building in order to preserve the right to claim the removal of the building and the surrender of its grounds, the provisional disposition is executed by registration of the prohibition on the disposal of the property.
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(2)The provisions of Article 47, paragraph (2) and paragraph (3), and the provisions of Article 48, paragraph (2), Article 53, and Article 54 of the Civil Execution Act apply mutatis mutandis to the execution of provisional disposition prohibiting the disposal of property set forth in the preceding paragraph.
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(法人の代表者の職務執行停止の仮処分等の登記の嘱託)
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(Commissioning the Registration of Provisional Disposition Suspending Performance of Duties by the Representative of a Corporation)
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第五十六条法人を代表する者その他法人の役員として登記された者について、その職務の執行を停止し、若しくはその職務を代行する者を選任する仮処分命令又はその仮処分命令を変更し、若しくは取り消す決定がされた場合には、裁判所書記官は、法人の本店又は主たる事務所の所在地(外国法人にあっては、各事務所の所在地)を管轄する登記所にその登記を嘱託しなければならない。ただし、これらの事項が登記すべきものでないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 56When an order of provisional disposition is issued that suspends the performance of duties by the person registered as the representative or other officers of a corporation or that appoints a person to execute the duties on behalf of the registered person, or when a ruling is made that changes or revokes the order of provisional disposition, a court clerk must commission the registration to the registry office that has jurisdiction over the location of the head office or principal office of the corporation (for a foreign corporation, the location of each office); provided, however, that this does not apply if these matters should not be registered.
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(仮処分解放金の供託による仮処分の執行の取消し)
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(Revocation of Execution of Provisional Disposition by Reason of Deposit of Money for Release from Provisional Disposition)
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第五十七条債務者が第二十五条第一項の規定により定められた金銭の額に相当する金銭を供託したことを証明したときは、保全執行裁判所は、仮処分の執行を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 57(1)If the obligor proves that they have made a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the amount of money specified under the provisions of Article 25, paragraph (1), the court executing the provisional remedy must revoke the execution of the provisional disposition.
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第四章 仮処分の効力
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Chapter IV Effect of Provisional Disposition
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(不動産の登記請求権を保全するための処分禁止の仮処分の効力)
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(Effect of Provisional Disposition Prohibiting the Disposal of Property in Order to Preserve the Right to Claim the Registration of Real Property)
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第五十八条第五十三条第一項の処分禁止の登記の後にされた登記に係る権利の取得又は処分の制限は、同項の仮処分の債権者が保全すべき登記請求権に係る登記をする場合には、その登記に係る権利の取得又は消滅と抵触する限度において、その債権者に対抗することができない。
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Article 58(1)If the obligee under the provisional disposition set forth in Article 53, paragraph (1) registers a right to claim a registration that should be preserved, the restriction on acquisition or disposal of a right which is registered after the registration of a prohibition on disposal as referred to in that paragraph may not be duly asserted against the obligee to the extent that it is in conflict with the acquisition or extinction of the registered right.
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(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the obligee under a provisional disposition set forth in Article 53, paragraph (1) (excluding the obligee under a provisional disposition set forth in paragraph (2) of the same Article) may cancel a registration that is made after a registration prohibiting the disposal of property set forth in paragraph (1) of that Article.
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(4)When the obligee under a provisional disposition set forth in Article 53, paragraph (2) makes a registration pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if a right connected with the right to claim a registration that should be preserved through that provisional disposition is a right to use or profit from real property, the obligee may cancel a registration of the acquisition of the right to use or profit from the real property (excluding an ownership right) or a right established on the right, which is made after the prohibition on the disposal of property set forth in paragraph (1) of the same Article is registered.
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(登記の抹消の通知)
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(Notice of Cancellation of Registration)
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第五十九条仮処分の債権者が前条第二項又は第四項の規定により登記を抹消するには、あらかじめ、その登記の権利者に対し、その旨を通知しなければならない。
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Article 59(1)In order for the obligee under a provisional disposition to cancel a registration pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) or paragraph (4) of the preceding Article, the obligee must notify the registered holder of rights to that effect in advance.
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(2)The notice under the provisions of the preceding paragraph may be sent to the domicile or the office of the registered holder referred to in that paragraph as indicated in the registry as of the time the notice is sent. In this case, the notice is deemed to have arrived at the destination when one week has elapsed from the day on which it was sent, at the latest.
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(仮処分命令の更正等)
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(Correction of Order of Provisional Disposition)
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第六十条保全仮登記に係る権利の表示がその保全仮登記に基づく本登記をすべき旨の本案の債務名義における権利の表示と符合しないときは、第五十三条第二項の処分禁止の仮処分の命令を発した裁判所は、債権者の申立てにより、その命令を更正しなければならない。
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Article 60(1)If the description of a right under a provisional registration for the purpose of preservation is inconsistent with the description of the right in the title of obligation on the merit that a definitive registration should be made based on the provisional registration for the purpose of preservation, the court that issued the order of provisional disposition prohibiting the disposal of property set forth in Article 53, paragraph (2) must correct the order upon the petition of the obligee.
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(不動産に関する権利以外の権利についての登記又は登録請求権を保全するための処分禁止の仮処分の効力)
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(Effect of Provisional Disposition Prohibiting the Disposal of Property in Order to Preserve the Right to Claim the Registration of the Right Other Than the Right Related to Real Property)
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第六十一条前三条の規定は、第五十四条に規定する処分禁止の仮処分の効力について準用する。
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Article 61The provisions of the preceding three Articles apply mutatis mutandis to the effect of provisional disposition prohibiting the disposal of property prescribed in Article 54.
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(占有移転禁止の仮処分命令の効力)
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(Effect of Order of Provisional Disposition Prohibiting the Transfer of Possession)
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第六十二条占有移転禁止の仮処分命令の執行がされたときは、債権者は、本案の債務名義に基づき、次に掲げる者に対し、係争物の引渡し又は明渡しの強制執行をすることができる。
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Article 62(1)When an order of provisional disposition prohibiting the transfer of possession has been executed, the obligee may execute compulsory delivery or surrender of the disputed subject matter against either of the following persons based on the title of obligation on the merits:
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一当該占有移転禁止の仮処分命令の執行がされたことを知って当該係争物を占有した者
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(i)a person who takes possession of the disputed subject matter knowing that the order of provisional disposition prohibiting the transfer of possession has been executed; or
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二当該占有移転禁止の仮処分命令の執行後にその執行がされたことを知らないで当該係争物について債務者の占有を承継した者
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(ii)a person who succeeds the obligor's possession of the disputed subject matter after the execution of the order of provisional disposition prohibiting the transfer of possession, without knowing that the order has been executed.
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(執行文の付与に対する異議の申立ての理由)
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(Reasons for Filing an Objection on the Grant of Certificate of Execution)
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第六十三条前条第一項の本案の債務名義につき同項の債務者以外の者に対する執行文が付与されたときは、その者は、執行文の付与に対する異議の申立てにおいて、債権者に対抗することができる権原により当該物を占有していること、又はその仮処分の執行がされたことを知らず、かつ、債務者の占有の承継人でないことを理由とすることができる。
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Article 63When a certificate of execution against a person other than the obligor set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article has been granted with regard to a title of obligation on the merits set forth in that paragraph, the person may file an objection on the grant of the certificate of execution on grounds that the person possesses the subject matter under a title that may be duly asserted against the obligee, or on grounds that the person did not know that the provisional disposition has been executed and is not the successor to the obligor's possession.
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(建物収去土地明渡請求権を保全するための建物の処分禁止の仮処分の効力)
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(Effect of Provisional Disposition Prohibiting the Disposal of a Building in Order to Preserve the Right to Claim the Removal of the Building and the Surrender of Land)
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第六十四条第五十五条第一項の処分禁止の登記がされたときは、債権者は、本案の債務名義に基づき、その登記がされた後に建物を譲り受けた者に対し、建物の収去及びその敷地の明渡しの強制執行をすることができる。
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Article 64If the prohibition on the disposal of property set forth in Article 55, paragraph (1) has been registered, the obligee may execute the compulsory removal of a building and the surrender of its grounds, against a person who acquires the building after the registration is made, based on the title of obligation on the merits.
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(詐害行為取消権を保全するための仮処分における解放金に対する権利の行使)
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(Exercise of the Right to Money for Release in Provisional Disposition to Preserve the Right to Demand Rescission of Fraudulent Act)
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第六十五条民法(明治二十九年法律第八十九号)第四百二十四条第一項の規定による詐害行為取消権を保全するための仮処分命令において定められた第二十五条第一項の金銭の額に相当する金銭が供託されたときは、同法第四百二十四条第一項の債務者は、供託金の還付を請求する権利(以下「還付請求権」という。)を取得する。この場合において、その還付請求権は、その仮処分の執行が第五十七条第一項の規定により取り消され、かつ、保全すべき権利についての本案の判決が確定した後に、その仮処分の債権者が同法第四百二十四条第一項の債務者に対する債務名義によりその還付請求権に対し強制執行をするときに限り、これを行使することができる。
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Article 65If a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the amount of money set forth in Article 25, paragraph (1) has been made as specified by an order of provisional disposition in order to preserve the right to demand rescission of fraudulent act under the provisions of Article 424, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896), the obligor set forth in Article 424, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code acquires the right to claim refund of the deposit money (hereinafter referred to as "right to claim refund").In this case, the right to claim refund may be exercised only if the obligee under the provisional disposition effects a compulsory execution of the claim for the refund based on a title of obligation against the obligor set forth in Article 424, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code after the execution of the provisional disposition has been revoked pursuant to the provisions of Article 57, paragraph (1) and a judgment on the merits concerning the right that should be preserved has become final and binding.
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第五章 罰則
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Chapter V Penal Provisions
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(公示書等損壊罪)
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(Crime of Damaging Written Public Notice)
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第六十六条第五十二条第一項の規定によりその例によることとされる民事執行法第百六十八条の二第三項又は第四項の規定により執行官が公示するために施した公示書その他の標識を損壊した者は、一年以下の懲役又は百万円以下の罰金に処する。
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Article 66A person who damages a written public notice or any other sign posted by a court execution officer pursuant to the provisions of Article 168-2, paragraph (3) or paragraph (4) of the Civil Execution Act that are applicable pursuant to the provisions of Article 52, paragraph (1) is punishable by imprisonment with work for not more than one year or a fine of not more than one million yen.
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(陳述等拒絶の罪)
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(Crime of Refusing to Make a Statement)
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第六十七条第五十二条第一項の規定によりその例によることとされる民事執行法第百六十八条第二項の規定による執行官の質問又は文書の提出の要求に対し、正当な理由なく、陳述をせず、若しくは文書の提示を拒み、又は虚偽の陳述をし、若しくは虚偽の記載をした文書を提示した債務者又は同項に規定する不動産等を占有する第三者は、六月以下の懲役又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する。
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Article 67An obligor or a third party in possession of the real property, etc. prescribed in Article 168, paragraph (2) of the Civil Execution Act as applicable pursuant to the provisions of Article 52, paragraph (1), who fails to give a statement, refuses to present a document, gives a false statement, or presents a document containing a false statement, without legitimate grounds, in response to a question or a request for the submission of a document by a court execution officer under the provisions of that paragraph is punishable by imprisonment with work for not more than six months or a fine of not more than 500,000 yen.
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附 則〔抄〕
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Supplementary Provisions[Extract]
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(施行期日)
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(Effective Date)
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第一条この法律は、公布の日から起算して二年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。
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Article 1This Act comes into effect as of the day specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding two years from the date of its promulgation.
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(Transitional Measures upon the Partial Amendment of the Code of Civil Procedure and the Civil Execution Act)
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第四条この法律の施行前にした仮差押え又は仮処分の命令の申請に係る仮差押え又は仮処分の事件については、なお従前の例による。
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Article 4With regard to a case involving a provisional seizure or provisional disposition based on an application for an order for provisional seizure or provisional disposition filed prior to the enforcement of this Act, the provisions then in force remain applicable.
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(人事訴訟手続法の一部改正に伴う経過措置)
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(Transitional Measures upon the Partial Amendment of the Personal Status Litigation Procedure Act)
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第六条この法律の施行前にした人事訴訟手続法第十六条に規定する仮処分の命令の申請に係る仮処分の事件については、なお従前の例による。
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Article 6With regard to a case involving a provisional disposition based on an application for an order of provisional disposition prescribed in Article 16 of the Personal Status Litigation Procedure Act filed prior to the enforcement of this Act, the provisions then in force remain applicable.
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(不動産登記法の一部改正に伴う経過措置)
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(Transitional Measures upon the Partial Amendment of the Real Property Registration Act)
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第八条前条の規定による改正後の不動産登記法第百四十六条ノ二第三項の規定は、この法律の施行前にした仮処分の命令の申請に基づき発せられた不動産に関する権利についての登記を請求する権利を保全するための処分禁止の仮処分(家事審判法第十五条の三第一項の仮処分にあっては、附則第十二条に規定する審判前の保全処分であるものに限る。)の債権者がする申請に基づき、その仮処分の登記に後れる登記を抹消する場合について準用する。
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Article 8The provisions of Article 146-2, paragraph (3) of the Real Property Registration Act amended under the provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the cancellation of a registration that is made after the registration of a provisional disposition prohibiting the disposal of property in order to preserve the right to claim the registration of a right related to real property, which was issued based on an application for an order of provisional disposition that was filed prior to the enforcement of this Act (for a provisional disposition set forth in Article 15-3, paragraph (1) of the Act on Adjudication of Domestic Relations, limited to a provisional order prior to rulings prescribed in Article 12 of the Supplementary Provisions), the cancellation of which is based on an application filed by the obligee.
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(家事審判法の一部改正に伴う経過措置)
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(Transitional Measures upon the Partial Amendment of the Act on Adjudication of Domestic Relations)
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第十二条この法律の施行前にした家事審判法第十五条の三第一項の規定による審判(同条第五項の裁判を含む。)に係る審判前の保全処分の事件については、なお従前の例による。
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Article 12With regard to an adjudication of a case involving a provisional order prior to rulings prescribed in Article 15-3, paragraph (1) of the Act on Adjudication of Domestic Relations (including a judicial decision set forth in paragraph (5) of the same Article) that was made prior to the enforcement of this Act, the provisions then in force remain applicable.
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