Article 569In this Code, the meanings of the terms set forth in the following items are as prescribed respectively in those items:

Article 570A freight transportation contract becomes effective by virtue of a carrier promising to receive goods from a shipper and deliver them to a consignee, and the shipper promising to pay freight charges for that outcome.

Article 571(1)A shipper must issue a document containing the following information (referred to as an "invoice" in the following paragraph) at the request of a carrier:

(2)In lieu of issuing an invoice, the shipper referred to in the preceding paragraph may provide the information that is required to be contained in an invoice by electronic or magnetic means (meaning a means of using an electronic data processing system, or of otherwise employing information and communications technology, which is specified by Ministry of Justice Order; the same applies hereinafter), with the carrier's consent, pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order. In this case, the shipper is deemed to have issued an invoice.

Article 572If the goods to be transported are goods of an inflammable, explosive or otherwise dangerous nature, a shipper, before delivering them, must notify a carrier of this fact and of the information necessary for their safe transportation, including the product name and nature of the goods.

Article 573(1)Freight charges must be paid at the time the goods are delivered at the destination.

(2)If goods are lost or damaged due to the nature of or defect in the goods, the shipper may not refuse to pay freight charges.

Article 574A carrier may retain goods only against the freight charges, ancillary costs, and money advanced receivable for the goods (hereinafter referred to as "freight charges and other receivables" in this Section), until the carrier is paid for these in full.

Article 575If, between the receipt of goods and their delivery, those goods are lost or damaged or something occurs that causes them to be lost or damaged, or if their arrival is delayed, a carrier is liable to compensate for the resulting loss or damage; provided, however, that this does not apply if a carrier proves that it did not neglect to exercise due care in the receipt, transportation, storage, or delivery of the goods.

Article 576(1)The amount of damages in the event of loss of or damage to goods is determined by the market price of the goods (or by quotations on an exchange, for goods for which this is applicable) at the place and time at which the goods are to be delivered; provided, however, that if there is no market price, this is determined by the normal price of goods of the same type and with the same quality at that place and time.

(2)Costs, including freight charges that are no longer payable due to the loss or damage to goods, are deducted from the amount of compensation for loss or damage referred to in the preceding paragraph.

(3)The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if the loss or damage to goods arises at the carrier's intention or due to the carrier's gross negligence.

Article 577(1)A carrier is not liable for damages for loss of, damage to, or delayed arrival of cash, negotiable instruments, or other valuables, unless the shipper notifies the carrier of the type and value of the items in entrusting the carrier with transporting them.

(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply in the following cases:

Article 578(1)The liability of a carrier to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss, damage, or delay (meaning loss of, damage to, or delay in the arrival of the goods; hereinafter the same applies in this Section) if it has undertaken two or more modes of transportation from among land transportation, marine transportation, and air transportation under a single contract is to be governed by the provisions of Japanese laws and regulations or treaties which Japan has signed that are to be applied to each mode of transportation if the thing that causes the loss, damage, or delay occurs during that mode of transportation.

(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if a carrier, under a single contract, undertakes land transportation to which two or more different laws and regulations apply for each segment.

Article 579(1)If two or more carriers transport goods or passengers over land in succession, the second or subsequent carrier bears the obligation to exercise the rights of the previous carrier on its behalf.

(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the subsequent carrier pays the preceding carrier in full, the subsequent carrier acquires the rights of the previous carrier.

(3)If, for the benefit of a consignee, a second carrier, in succession, undertakes a part of the land transportation that a first carrier has undertaken, these carriers are jointly and severally liable to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss, damage, or delay.

(4)The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to marine transportation and air transportation.

Article 580A shipper may request a carrier to take measures such as discontinuing transportation or changing the consignee. In this case, a carrier may demand payment of freight charges, ancillary costs, money advanced, and costs incurred for the measures, in proportion to the transportation already completed.

Article 581(1)Once the goods arrive at the destination, or if all of the goods are lost, the consignee acquires the same rights as those of the shipper that have arisen based on a freight transportation contract.

(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the consignee seeks the delivery of goods or files a claim for damage to goods, the shipper may not exercise those rights.

(3)Once a consignee receives goods, the consignee bears the obligation to pay freight charges and other receivables to the carrier.

Article 582(1)A carrier may deposit goods with an official depository if the carrier is unable to ascertain the identity of the consignee.

(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the carrier demands that the shipper instruct it as to how to handle the goods within a reasonable period of time but the shipper does not give any such instructions, the carrier may put the goods up for auction.

(3)If the price of goods is likely to decline for reasons such as damage, the carrier may put the goods up for auction without making the demand referred to in the preceding paragraph.

(4)If a carrier puts goods up for auction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the carrier must deposit the proceeds from the auction with an official depository; provided, however, that this does not preclude the carrier from allocating all or part of the proceeds to cover the freight charges and other receivables.

(5)Once a carrier deposits goods with an official depository or puts goods up for auction pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (1) through (3), the carrier must notify the shipper of this without delay.

Article 583The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis if a consignee refuses to receive or is unable to receive goods. In this case, the phrase "if the carrier demands that" in paragraph (2) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "if the carrier demands that the consignee receive goods within a reasonable period of time, and after the expiration of that period "; and the term "shipper" in paragraph (5) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "shipper and consignee".

Article 584(1)A carrier ceases to be liable for damage or partial loss of goods if the consignee receives the goods without raising any objection; provided, however, that this does not apply if the goods have incurred damage or a partial loss that cannot be immediately discovered, and the consignee notifies the carrier of this within two weeks from the date of delivery.

(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the carrier, at the time of delivering the goods, knows of the damage or partial loss they have incurred.

(3)If a carrier entrusts a third party with transportation, and a consignee issues notice to the carrier as referred to in the proviso to paragraph (1) within the period referred to in the proviso to that paragraph, the period referred to in the proviso to that paragraph concerning a third party's liability to the carrier is deemed to have been extended to the final day in the two-week period that begins on the day on which the carrier received the notice.

Article 585(1)A carrier ceases to be liable for loss, damage, or delay if no claim is filed with the courts within one year from the day on which the goods are delivered (or, in the event of a total loss of goods, the day on which the goods should have been delivered).

(2)The period referred to in the preceding paragraph may be extended by agreement only after damage has arisen as a result of the loss, damage, or delay.

(3)If a carrier entrusts a third party with transportation, and the carrier provides compensation for loss or damage or has had a claim filed against it with the courts within the period referred to in paragraph (1), the period referred to in that paragraph concerning a third party's liability to the carrier is deemed to have been extended to the final day in the three-month period that begins on the day on which the carrier provided the compensation or had the claim filed against it.

Article 586A claim held by a carrier against a shipper or consignee is extinguished by prescription if the carrier does not exercise it during the one-year period that begins once the carrier has the right to exercise it.

Article 587The provisions of Articles 576, 577, 584, and 585 apply mutatis mutandis to the liability of a carrier toward a shipper or consignee to compensate for damage in tort arising as a result of loss, damage, or delay; provided, however, that this does not apply to a carrier's liability to a consignee if the carrier undertakes transportation from the shipper even though the consignee had previously refused to have the goods transported through entrustment by the shipper.

Article 588(1)If, pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, a carrier is subject to a release from or reduction in the liability to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss, damage, or delay, the carrier's employees are also subject to a release from or reduction in their liability to a shipper or consignee to compensate for damage in tort arising as a result of that loss, damage, or delay, to the extent of the carrier's release from or reduction in liability.

(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the loss, damage, or delay arises at the intention of the carrier's employee or due to the gross negligence of the carrier's employee.

Article 589A passenger transportation contract becomes effective by virtue of a carrier promising to transport a passenger, and the other party promising to pay freight charges for that outcome.

Article 590A carrier is liable to compensate for loss or damage a passenger incurs due to transportation; provided, however, that this does not apply if the carrier proves that it did not neglect to exercise due care in transporting the passenger.

Article 591(1)Any special agreement that makes the carrier subject to a release from or reduction in the liability to compensate for loss or damage to the life or person of a passenger (excluding the liability to compensate for loss or damage mainly arising from a delay in transportation) is void.

(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply in the following cases:

Article 592(1)A carrier has the same liability as a carrier that is under a freight transportation contract with regard to the baggage that passengers have handed over to the carrier, even if the carrier does not claim any special freight charges for it.

(2)A carrier's employee has the same liability as the employee of a carrier that is under a freight transportation contract, as it concerns the baggage provided for in the preceding paragraph.

(3)If a passenger does not seek to have the baggage prescribed in paragraph (1) handed over within one week from the day on which the baggage arrives at the destination, a carrier may deposit the baggage with an official depositary or may put it up for auction after issuing a notice for the passenger to seek to have it handed over within a reasonable period of time. In this case, once the carrier deposits the baggage with an official depository or puts it up for auction, the carrier must notify the passenger of this without delay.

(4)If the price of baggage is likely to decline for reasons such as damage, the carrier may put it up for auction without issuing the notice referred to in the preceding paragraph.

(5)If a carrier puts baggage up for auction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the carrier must deposit the proceeds from the auction; provided, however, that this does not preclude the carrier from allocating all or part of the proceeds to cover the freight charges.

(6)If a passenger's domicile or residence is unknown, the carrier is not required to issue the notice or notify the passenger as referred to in paragraph (3).

Article 593(1)A carrier is not liable to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss or damage to the baggage that a passenger has not handed over to the carrier (including a passenger's personal belongings), unless the carrier has intentionally or negligently caused the loss or damage.

(2)The provisions of Article 576, paragraphs (1) and (3), Article 584, paragraph (1), Article 585, paragraphs (1) and (2), Article 587 (limited to the parts concerning the application mutatis mutandis of the provisions of Article 576, paragraphs (1) and (3), Article 584, paragraph (1), and Article 585, paragraphs (1) and (2)), and Article 588 apply mutatis mutandis if a carrier is liable to compensate for loss or damage that arises as a result of loss or damage to baggage as prescribed in the preceding paragraph. In this case: in Article 576, paragraph (1), the phrase "the goods should have been delivered" is deemed to be replaced with "the transportation should have been completed"; in Article 584, paragraph (1), the phrase "the consignee receives the goods without raising any objection" is deemed to be replaced with "the passenger has not raised any objection by the time of completion of transportation", and the phrase "the consignee notifies the carrier of this within two weeks from the date of delivery " is deemed to be replaced with "the passenger notifies the carrier of this within two weeks from the date of completion of transportation"; and in Article 585, paragraph (1), the phrase "the day on which the goods are delivered (or, in the event of a total loss of goods, the day on which the goods should have been delivered)" is deemed to be replaced with "the day of completion of transportation".

Article 594The provisions of Article 586 apply mutatis mutandis to passenger transportation.

Article 595If a merchant receives goods under bailment within the scope of its business, the merchant must store the bailed goods with the due care of a prudent manager even if it does not receive remuneration.

Article 596(1)If a person in the business of conducting transactions at a hotel, food and beverage establishment, bathhouse, or other such establishment at which it is intended for customers to gather (hereinafter referred to as an "establishment's proprietor" in this Section) receives goods under bailment from a customer, the establishment's proprietor is not entitled to be released from the liability to compensate the customer for loss or damage arising as a result of loss or damage to the bailed goods unless it proves that the loss or damage is due to force majeure.

(2)An establishment's proprietor is liable to compensate for loss or damage if the goods that the customer has carried into an establishment are lost or damaged due to the proprietor's failure to exercise due care, even if these are goods that a customer has not bailed to it.

(3)An establishment's proprietor may not be released from the liability referred to in the preceding two paragraphs even if it indicates that it does not assume liability for goods that customers carry into the establishment.

Article 597An establishment's proprietor is not liable to compensate for loss or damage to cash, negotiable instruments, or other valuables, unless a customer notifies the establishment's proprietor of the type and value of the items while making the bailment.

Article 598(1)A claim involving the liability of an establishment's proprietor as referred to in the preceding two Articles is extinguished by prescription if the customer does not exercise it during the one-year period after the establishment's proprietor returns the bailed goods or the customer leaves with the goods that they carried into the establishment (or, in the event of a total loss of goods, after the customer leaves the establishment).

(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if an establishment's proprietor has knowledge of the loss or damage to the goods prescribed in that paragraph.

Article 599The term "warehouse" as used in this Section means a person engaged in the business of storing goods at a warehouse facility on behalf of another person.

Article 600A warehouse must issue a warehouse receipt for bailed goods at the request of the bailor.

Article 601A warehouse receipt must contain the following information as well as its number, and bear the signature or the name and seal of a warehouse:

Article 602If a warehouse issues a warehouse receipt to a bailor, the warehouse must enter the following information in its books:

Article 603(1)The holder of a warehouse receipt may request a warehouse to divide the bailed goods and issue new warehouse receipts for each of the portions of the goods. In this case, the holder must return the initial warehouse receipt to the warehouse.

(2)The costs for dividing bailed goods and issuing warehouse receipts under the provisions of the preceding paragraph are borne by the holder of the warehouse receipt.

Article 604A warehouse may not assert the falsity of the information entered in a warehouse receipt against a holder in good faith.

Article 605If a warehouse receipt has been prepared, its holder must use it to dispose of the bailed goods.

Article 606Even if a warehouse receipt is issued to a named person, it may be negotiated or pledged by means of indorsement; provided, however, that this does not apply if the receipt indicates that its indorsement is prohibited.

Article 607If a warehouse receipt is delivered to a person who is entitled to use it to collect bailed goods, its delivery has the same effect as the delivery of the bailed goods as it concerns the acquisition of rights that are exercised in connection with the bailed goods.

Article 608If the holder of a warehouse receipt loses that warehouse receipt, they may provide reasonable security and request a reissuance. In this case, the warehouse must make an entry of this in its books.

Article 609At any time during a warehouse's business hours, the bailor or the holder of a warehouse receipt may ask to inspect bailed goods or to be provided with samples of them, and may take the necessary measures to preserve them.

Article 610A warehouse is not entitled to be released from the liability to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss or damage to bailed goods, unless it proves that it did not neglect to exercise due care in storing the goods.

Article 611A warehouse may not request payment of storage fees, money advanced, and other such costs associated with the bailed goods (referred to as "storage fees and other monies" in Article 616, paragraph (1)) until at least the time at which the bailed goods leave the warehouse facility; provided, however, that if some of the bailed goods leave the warehouse facility, the warehouse may request payment in proportion to the goods that have left it.

Article 612If the parties do not specify a storage period, the warehouse may not return the bailed goods until after six months have passed since the day on which the bailed goods were placed in the warehouse facility; provided, however, that this does not apply if there are compelling reasons.

Article 613If a warehouse receipt has been prepared, a person may not demand the return of the bailed goods other than in exchange for the receipt.

Article 614If a warehouse receipt is pledged, the bailor, with the pledgee's consent, may demand the return of part of the bailed goods even before the claim secured by the pledge becomes due. In this case, the warehouse must enter the type, quality, and quantity of the returned part of the bailed goods on the warehouse receipt, and make an entry of this in its books.

Article 615The provisions of Article 524, paragraphs (1) and (2) apply mutatis mutandis if the bailor or the holder of a warehouse receipt refuses to receive or is unable to receive the bailed goods.

Article 616(1)A warehouse ceases to be liable for damage or partial loss of bailed goods if the bailor or the holder of a warehouse receipt receives the bailed goods without raising any objection and pays the storage fees and other monies; provided, however, that this does not apply if the bailed goods contain any damage or partial loss that cannot be immediately discovered and the bailor or the holder of the warehouse receipt issues notice of this to the warehouse within two weeks from the date of delivery.

(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the warehouse has knowledge of any damage or partial loss of the bailed goods.

Article 617(1)A claim involving the liability of a warehouse arising from loss or damage to bailed goods is extinguished by prescription if it is not exercised within one year after the date of the removal of the bailed goods from the warehouse facility.

(2)In the event of a total loss of bailed goods, the period referred to in the preceding paragraph is counted from the day on which the warehouse issued notice of the loss to the holder of the warehouse receipt (or to the bailor if no warehouse receipt is prepared or the holder of the warehouse receipt is unknown).

(3)The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if the warehouse has knowledge of the loss or damage to the bailed goods.

Articles 618 through 683Deleted

Article 684The term "ship" as used in this Part (excluding Article 747) means a ship that is used in a voyage at sea for the purpose of conducting a commercial act (excluding a ship's tender or a boat steered solely or mainly using oars or paddles).

Article 685The objects entered in a ship's inventory of equipment are presumed to be accessories of the ship.

Article 701After the leasing of a ship is registered, it is also valid against a person that later acquires a real right over the ship.

Article 702A lessee of a ship that uses that ship in a voyage at sea for the purpose of conducting commercial acts bears the obligation to make the repairs needed to enable the use of the ship if the ship incurs any damage after the lessee receives it; provided, however, that this does not apply if the cause of the damage is attributable to the lessor.

Article 703(1)A lessee of a ship has the same rights and obligations as the shipowner toward third parties as it concerns particulars related to the use of the ship.

(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, any statutory lien arising from the use of the ship is also valid against the shipowner; provided, however, that this does not apply if the holder of the statutory lien knows that the manner in which the ship is used by the ship's lessee is in violation of the contract with the shipowner.

Article 704A time charter contract becomes effective by virtue of one party promising to man and equip a ship and to allow the other party to use the ship for a specified period, and the other party promising to pay the hire.

Article 705A time charterer may give instructions to the master concerning decisions on the ship's route and on other such necessary particulars related to the use of the ship; provided, however, that this does not apply to pre-departure inspections and other such particulars relevant to the safety of the voyage.

Article 706Fuel costs, pilotage charges, harbor charges, and any other ordinary costs incurred in connection with the use of a ship are borne by the time charterer.

Article 707The provisions of Article 572, Article 739, paragraph (1), and Article 740, paragraphs (1) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis when goods are transported by a ship under a time charter contract, and the provisions of Article 703, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a statutory lien arising from the use of a ship by a time charterer. In this case, the phrase "at the time of departure of the ship" in Article 739, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "at the time of departure of the ship for each voyage".

Article 737(1)Once a carrier receives goods from a shipper based on a contract for the carriage of goods in a general ship (meaning a transportation contract intended for individual packages of goods; hereinafter the same applies in this Section), the carrier must load the goods onto the ship and stow them.

(2)If a shipper neglects to deliver goods, the master may cause the ship to depart immediately. In this case, the shipper must pay the full amount of freight charges (if a carrier receives freight charges for other goods, the amount of such freight charges is deducted).

Article 738A shipper must deliver the documents necessary for transportation to the master within the loading period.

Article 739(1)A carrier is liable to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss of, damage to, or delay in the arrival of goods which is caused by the following things having been done insufficiently as of the time of the ship's departure; provided, however, that this does not apply if the carrier proves that it did not neglect to exercise due care in doing those things as of that time:

(2)Any special agreement that makes the carrier subject to a release from or reduction in the liability to compensate for loss or damage under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is void.

Article 740(1)A carrier, at any time, may discharge goods that have been loaded onto the ship in violation of laws and regulations or not in accordance with a contract for the carriage of goods in a general ship, and may abandon these goods if they are likely to harm the ship or other cargo.

(2)If a carrier has transported cargo provided for in the preceding paragraph, it may claim the maximum amount of freight charges for the same type of goods at the place and time of loading.

(3)The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not preclude a carrier or other interested person from claiming compensation against a shipper for loss or damage.

Article 741(1)Once a consignee receives goods, the consignee bears the obligation to pay the total sum of the following amounts (hereinafter referred to as the "freight charges and other receivables" in this Section) to the carrier, in accordance with the purport of the contract for the carriage of goods in a general ship or bill of lading:

(2)A carrier may retain goods until it receives payment for the freight charges and other receivables.

Article 742Even after a carrier delivers goods to a consignee, the carrier may put the goods up for auction in order to receive payment for the freight charges and other receivables; provided, however, that this does not apply if a third party acquires possession of the goods.

Article 743(1)Before the departure of a ship, a shipper may cancel a contract for the carriage of goods in a general ship by paying the full amount of freight charges; provided, however, that if the amount of damage caused to a carrier due to the cancellation of a contract for the carriage of goods in a general ship falls below the full amount of freight charges, it is sufficient for the shipper to compensate for that damage.

(2)If the goods have been fully or partially loaded onto a ship, the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply only if the shipper obtains consent from all other shippers and the charterer. In this case, the shipper must bear the costs incurred for loading and discharging the goods.

Article 744Even if a shipper cancels a contract for the carriage of goods in a general ship pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the shipper is not entitled to be released from the obligation to pay the carrier ancillary costs and money advanced.

Article 745After the departure of a ship, a shipper may not cancel a contract for the carriage of goods in a general ship unless the shipper obtains consent from all other shippers and the charterer, and either pays the total sum of the amount of freight charges and other receivables and the amount of damage that will arise from the discharge of goods or provides reasonable security.

Article 746A carrier may claim the full amount of freight charges even if the master uses cargo for the voyage pursuant to the provisions of Article 712, paragraph (1).

Article 747The provisions of this Section apply to transportation of goods by ships used exclusively for navigation in water areas other than seas, such as lakes, rivers, ports, and harbors, for the purpose of conducting commercial acts (excluding a ship's tender or a boat steered solely or mainly using oars or paddles; hereinafter referred to as "non-seagoing vessels" in this Part).

Article 748(1)Once the preparations necessary for loading goods onto a ship have been completed based on a voyage charter contract (meaning a transportation contract that covers the whole or part of a ship; hereinafter the same applies in this Section), the master must issue notice of this to the charterer without delay.

(2)If the period of loading is specified but the time of its commencement is not specified in a voyage charter contract, that period is counted from the day on which the notice referred to in the preceding paragraph is issued. In this case, the period of loading does not include any period during which the loading of goods is impeded due to force majeure.

(3)If the charterer loads goods onto the ship after the period of loading has passed, the carrier may claim reasonable charterage even if there is no special agreement to that effect.

Article 749(1)If the master is to receive goods from a third party but the identity of the third party cannot be ascertained or the third party does not load goods onto the ship, the master must immediately issue notice of this to the charterer.

(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the charterer may load goods onto the ship only within the loading period.

Article 750(1)A charterer may lodge a request with the master for the ship to depart even if the charterer has not loaded all of the goods onto the ship.

(2)If a charterer lodges a request as referred to in the preceding paragraph, the charterer bears the duty to pay the carrier the full amount of freight charges and any costs arising from the fact that not all of the goods are loaded onto the ship, and must provide reasonable security for the payment of these costs if requested to do so by the carrier.

Article 751After the loading period has passed, the master may immediately cause the ship to depart even if the charterer has not loaded all of the goods onto the ship. In this case, the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis.

Article 752(1)Once the preparations necessary for discharging goods from a ship have been completed, the master must notify the consignee of this without delay.

(2)If a voyage charter contract prescribes a discharge period but does not prescribe the time of its commencement, the discharge period is counted from the time at which the consignee is notified as referred to in the preceding paragraph. In this case, the discharge period does not include any period during which the discharge of goods is impeded due to force majeure.

(3)If the consignee discharges goods after the discharge period has passed, the carrier may claim reasonable charterage even if there is no special agreement to that effect.

Article 753(1)Before the departure of a ship, a charterer under a full charter contract (meaning a voyage charter contract that covers the whole of a ship; hereinafter the same applies in this Section) may cancel the full charter contract by paying the full amount of freight charges and the charterage; provided, however, that if the amount of damage caused to a carrier due to the cancellation of a full charter contract falls below the full amount of freight charges and the charterage, it is sufficient for the charterer to compensate for the damage.

(2)If a charterer cancels the full charter contract pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph after goods have been loaded onto the ship in whole or in part, the charterer bears the costs of loading and discharging the goods.

(3)If a charterer under a full charter contract fails to load goods onto the ship during the period for loading, the carrier may deem that the charterer has cancelled the full charter contract.

Article 754After the departure of a ship, a charterer under a full charter contract may not cancel the full charter contract unless the charterer pays the total sum prescribed in Article 745 and the charterage or provides reasonable security.

Article 755The provisions of Article 743, Article 745, and Article 753, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the termination of a charter contract for chartering part of a ship. In this case, the phrase "full amount of freight charges" in Article 743, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "full amount of freight charges and the charterage", and the phrase "total sum of..." in Article 745 is deemed to be replaced with "total sum of... and the charterage".

Article 756(1)The provisions of Articles 738 through 742 (excluding Article 739, paragraph (2)), 744, 746. And 747 apply mutatis mutandis to a voyage charter contract. In this case, the term "amounts" in Article 741, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "amounts and the charterage", the phrase "the preceding Article" in Article 744 is deemed to be replaced with "the preceding Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 753, paragraph (1) or Article 755", and the phrase "this Section" in Article 747 is deemed to be replaced with "the following Section".

(2)A carrier may not assert against the holder of a bill of lading any special agreement under which a carrier is subject to a release from or reduction in the liability to compensate for loss or damage under the provisions of Article 739, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph.

Article 757(1)At the request of a shipper or charterer, a carrier or master, without delay after the loading of goods, must issue one or more copies of a bill of lading stating that the goods have been loaded (hereinafter referred to as a "bill of lading for loaded goods" in this Section). Even before the loading of goods, at the request of a shipper or charterer, a carrier or master, after receiving the goods, must issue one or more copies of bill of lading stating that the goods have been received (hereinafter referred to as a "bill of lading for goods received" in this Section).

(2)If bills of lading for goods received have been issued, a shipper or charterer may not demand to be issued a bill of lading for loaded goods other than in exchange for all copies of the bill of lading for goods received.

(3)The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if a sea waybill has been issued for the goods.

Article 758(1)A bill of lading must contain the following information (excluding, for a bill of lading for goods received, the information set forth in items (vii) and (viii)), and bear the signature or the name and seal of the carrier or master:

(2)If a request is made to issue a bill of lading for loaded goods in exchange for a bill of lading for goods received, a carrier or master, in lieu of preparing a bill of lading for loaded goods, may enter an indication in the bill of lading for goods received that goods have been loaded, and affix their signature or name and seal to it. In this case, the information set forth in items (vii) and (viii) of the preceding paragraph must be entered in the bill of lading for goods received.

Article 759(1)If the shipper or charterer has notified the relevant person of the information set forth in paragraph (1), items (i) and (ii) of the preceding Article in writing or by electronic or magnetic means, that information must be entered in the bill of lading according to that notice.

(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the notice referred to in that paragraph is incorrect, or if there is no appropriate way to confirm the correctness of the notice. The same applies if the marks of the goods have not been made on the goods or their containers or packages in a way that will keep them legible up until the end of the voyage.

(3)A shipper or charterer is liable to compensate for loss or damage arising from the incorrectness of the notice referred to in paragraph (1).

Article 760A carrier may not assert the falsity of the information entered in a bill of lading against a holder in good faith.

Article 761If a bill of lading has been prepared, its holder must use it to dispose of the goods.

Article 762Even if a bill of lading is issued to a named person, it may be negotiated or pledged by means of indorsement; provided, however, that this does not apply if the bill of lading indicates that its indorsement is prohibited.

Article 763If a bill of lading is delivered to a person who is entitled to use it to collect the goods, its delivery has the same effect as the delivery of the goods as it concerns the acquisition of rights that are exercised in connection with the goods.

Article 764If a bill of lading has been prepared, a person may not demand the delivery of goods other than in exchange for the bill of lading.

Article 765(1)At the port of discharge, the carrier may not refuse to deliver goods even if the holder of only one of multiple copies of the bill of lading demands delivery.

(2)Outside the port of discharge, a carrier may not deliver goods unless all copies of the bill of lading are returned to the carrier.

Article 766If two or more persons hold copies of a bill of lading and one of the holders is delivered the goods by the carrier before any other holder, the other holders' copies of the bill of lading cease to be valid.

Article 767(1)If two or more persons holding copies of bills of lading demand the delivery of goods, the carrier may deposit the goods with an official depository. The same applies to the part of the goods that remains if the carrier delivers part of the goods pursuant to the provisions of Article 765, paragraph (1) to one of the holders and then another holder demands delivery of the goods.

(2)Once a carrier deposits goods with an official depository pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the carrier must issue notice of this to each holder who has demanded the delivery of the goods.

(3)In the case prescribed in paragraph (1), the holder of the copy of the bill of lading that was issued or delivered first takes precedence over any other holder.

Article 768To apply the provisions of Chapter VIII, Section 2 of the preceding Part to a case in which a bill of lading has been prepared, the term "shipper" in Article 580 is deemed to be replaced with "holder of a bill of lading" and the provisions of Article 581, Article 582, paragraph (2), and the proviso to Article 587 do not apply.

Article 769(1)If a carrier or master undertakes land transportation and marine transportation under a single contract, they must, at the request of a shipper and without delay after the loading of goods, issue one or more copies of a multimodal transport bill of lading stating that goods have been loaded. Even before the loading of goods, at the request of a shipper, the carrier or master must, after receiving the goods, issue one or more copies of a multimodal transport bill of lading stating that the goods have been received.

(2)The provisions of Article 757, paragraph (2), and Article 758 through the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to a multimodal transport bill of lading. In this case, the phrase "(excluding...)" in Article 758, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "(excluding...), as well as the place of shipment and the destination".

Article 770(1)At the request of a shipper or charterer, a carrier or master, without delay after the loading of goods, must issue one or more copies of a sea waybill stating that goods have been loaded. Even before the loading of goods, at the request of a shipper or charterer, the carrier or master, after receiving the goods, must issue one or more copies of a sea waybill stating that the goods have been received.

(2)A sea waybill must contain the following information:

(3)In lieu of issuing a sea waybill, a carrier or master as referred to in paragraph (1) may provide the shipper or charterer with the information that is required to be contained in a sea waybill by electronic or magnetic means, with the shipper's or charterer's consent and pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order. In such a case, the carrier or master is deemed to have issued a sea waybill.

(4)The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs do not apply if a bill of lading has been issued for the goods.

Articles 771 through 778Deleted