破産法(平成十六年法律第七十五号)
Bankruptcy Act(Act No. 75 of 2004)
最終更新:平成二十四年法律第十六号
Last Version: Act No. 16 of 2012
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March 27, 2024
- Last Version: Act No. 53 of 2023
- Translated Date: March 4, 2024
- Dictionary Version: 16.0
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April 20, 2023
- Last Version: Act No. 16 of 2012
- Translated Date: January 31, 2014
- Dictionary Version: 8.0
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April 14, 2010
- Last Version: Act No. 109 of 2006
- Translated Date: October 20, 2009
- Dictionary Version: 3.0
破産法
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Bankruptcy Act
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平成十六年六月二日法律第七十五号
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Act No. 75 of June 2, 2004
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第一章 総則(第一条―第十四条)
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Chapter I General Provisions(Articles 1 through 14)
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第二章 破産手続の開始
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Chapter II Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings
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第一節 破産手続開始の申立て(第十五条―第二十九条)
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Section 1 Petition to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings(Articles 15 through 29)
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第二節 破産手続開始の決定(第三十条―第三十三条)
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Section 2 Order of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings(Articles 30 through 33)
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第三節 破産手続開始の効果
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Section 3 Effect of the Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings
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第一款 通則(第三十四条―第四十六条)
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Subsection 1 General Rules(Articles 34 through 46)
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第二款 破産手続開始の効果(第四十七条―第六十一条)
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Subsection 2 Effect of the Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings(Articles 47 through 61)
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第三款 取戻権(第六十二条―第六十四条)
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Subsection 3 Right of Segregation(Articles 62 through 64)
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第四款 別除権(第六十五条・第六十六条)
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Subsection 4 Right of Separate Satisfaction(Article 65 and Article 66)
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第五款 相殺権(第六十七条―第七十三条)
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Subsection 5 Right to Set-Off(Articles 67 through 73)
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第三章 破産手続の機関
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Chapter III Organs for Bankruptcy Proceedings
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第一節 破産管財人
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Section 1 Bankruptcy Trustees
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第一款 破産管財人の選任及び監督(第七十四条―第七十七条)
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Subsection 1 Appointment and Supervision of Bankruptcy Trustees(Articles 74 through 77)
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第二款 破産管財人の権限等(第七十八条―第九十条)
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Subsection 2 Authority of Bankruptcy Trustees(Articles 78 through 90)
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第二節 保全管理人(第九十一条―第九十六条)
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Section 2 Provisional Administrators(Articles 91 through 96)
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第四章 破産債権
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Chapter IV Bankruptcy Claims
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第一節 破産債権者の権利(第九十七条―第百十条)
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Section 1 Rights of Bankruptcy Creditors(Articles 97 through 110)
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第二節 破産債権の届出(第百十一条―第百十四条)
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Section 2 Filing a Proof of Claim in Bankruptcy(Articles 111 through 114)
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第三節 破産債権の調査及び確定
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Section 3 Investigation and Finalization of Bankruptcy Claims
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第一款 通則(第百十五条・第百十六条)
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Subsection 1 General Rules(Article 115 and Article 116)
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第二款 書面による破産債権の調査(第百十七条―第百二十条)
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Subsection 2 Investigation of Bankruptcy Claims in Writing(Articles 117 through 120)
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第三款 期日における破産債権の調査(第百二十一条―第百二十三条)
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Subsection 3 Investigation of Bankruptcy Claims on the Appointed Date(Articles 121 through 123)
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第四款 破産債権の確定(第百二十四条―第百三十三条)
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Subsection 4 Finalization of Bankruptcy Claims(Articles 124 through 133)
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第五款 租税等の請求権等についての特例(第百三十四条)
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Subsection 5 Special Provisions for Tax Claims(Article 134)
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第四節 債権者集会及び債権者委員会
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Section 4 Creditor Meetings and Creditor Committees
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第一款 債権者集会(第百三十五条―第百四十三条)
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Subsection 1 Creditor Meetings(Articles 135 through 143)
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第二款 債権者委員会(第百四十四条―第百四十七条)
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Subsection 2 Creditor Committees(Articles 144 through 147)
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第五章 財団債権(第百四十八条―第百五十二条)
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Chapter V Claims on the Estate(Articles 148 through 152)
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第六章 破産財団の管理
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Chapter VI Administration of Bankruptcy Estates
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第一節 破産者の財産状況の調査(第百五十三条―第百五十九条)
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Section 1 Investigation of the Status of the Bankrupt's Property(Articles 153 through 159)
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第二節 否認権(第百六十条―第百七十六条)
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Section 2 Right of Avoidance(Articles 160 through 176)
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第三節 法人の役員の責任の追及等(第百七十七条―第百八十三条)
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Section 3 Pursuing the Liabilities of Officers of Corporations(Articles 177 through 183)
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第七章 破産財団の換価
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Chapter VII Realization of Bankruptcy Estates
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第一節 通則(第百八十四条・第百八十五条)
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Section 1 General Rules(Article 184 and Article 185)
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第二節 担保権の消滅(第百八十六条―第百九十一条)
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Section 2 Extinguishment of Security Interests(Articles 186 through 191)
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第三節 商事留置権の消滅(第百九十二条)
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Section 3 Extinguishment of the Right of Retention under Commercial Law(Article 192)
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第八章 配当
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Chapter VIII Distribution
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第一節 通則(第百九十三条・第百九十四条)
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Section 1 General Rules(Article 193 and Article 194)
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第二節 最後配当(第百九十五条―第二百三条)
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Section 2 Final Distribution(Articles 195 through 203)
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第三節 簡易配当(第二百四条―第二百七条)
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Section 3 Simplified Distribution(Articles 204 through 207)
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第四節 同意配当(第二百八条)
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Section 4 Consensual Distribution(Article 208)
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第五節 中間配当(第二百九条―第二百十四条)
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Section 5 Interim Distribution(Articles 209 through 214)
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第六節 追加配当(第二百十五条)
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Section 6 Subsequent Distribution(Article 215)
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第九章 破産手続の終了(第二百十六条―第二百二十一条)
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Chapter IX Closing of Bankruptcy Proceedings(Articles 216 through 221)
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第十章 相続財産の破産等に関する特則
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Chapter X Special Provisions Concerning Bankruptcy of Inherited Property
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第一節 相続財産の破産(第二百二十二条―第二百三十七条)
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Section 1 Bankruptcy of Inherited Property(Articles 222 through 237)
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第二節 相続人の破産(第二百三十八条―第二百四十二条)
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Section 2 Bankruptcy of Heirs(Articles 238 through 242)
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第三節 受遺者の破産(第二百四十三条・第二百四十四条)
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Section 3 Bankruptcy of Legatees(Article 243 and Article 244)
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第十章の二 信託財産の破産に関する特則(第二百四十四条の二―第二百四十四条の十三)
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Chapter X-2 Special Provisions Concerning Bankruptcy of Trust Property(Articles 244-2 through 244-13)
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第十一章 外国倒産処理手続がある場合の特則(第二百四十五条―第二百四十七条)
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Chapter XI Special Provisions If Foreign Insolvency Proceedings Exist(Articles 245 through 247)
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第十二章 免責手続及び復権
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Chapter XII Discharge Proceedings and Restoration of Rights
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第一節 免責手続(第二百四十八条―第二百五十四条)
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Section 1 Discharge Proceedings(Articles 248 through 254)
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第二節 復権(第二百五十五条・第二百五十六条)
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Section 2 Restoration of Rights(Articles 255 through 256)
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第十三章 雑則(第二百五十七条―第二百六十四条)
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Chapter XIII Miscellaneous Provisions(Articles 257 through 264)
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第十四章 罰則(第二百六十五条―第二百七十七条)
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Chapter XIV Penal Provisions(Articles 265 through 277)
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第一章 総則
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Chapter I General Provisions
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(目的)
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(Purpose)
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第一条この法律は、支払不能又は債務超過にある債務者の財産等の清算に関する手続を定めること等により、債権者その他の利害関係人の利害及び債務者と債権者との間の権利関係を適切に調整し、もって債務者の財産等の適正かつ公平な清算を図るとともに、債務者について経済生活の再生の機会の確保を図ることを目的とする。
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Article 1The purpose of this Act is, by specifying proceedings for liquidation of property held by debtors who are unable to pay debts or are insolvent, etc., to appropriately coordinate the interests of creditors and other interested persons and the relationships of rights between debtors and creditors, with the aim of ensuring proper and fair liquidation of debtors' property, etc. and securing the opportunity for revitalization of their economic life.
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(定義)
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(Definitions)
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第二条この法律において「破産手続」とは、次章以下(第十二章を除く。)に定めるところにより、債務者の財産又は相続財産若しくは信託財産を清算する手続をいう。
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Article 2(1)The term "bankruptcy proceedings" as used in this Act means the procedure for liquidating a debtor's property, inherited property or trust property as provided for in the following Chapter and thereafter (excluding Chapter XII).
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(5)The term "bankruptcy claim" as used in this Act means a claim on property arising against the bankrupt from a cause that has occurred before the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings (including the claims set forth in the items of Article 97), which does not fall within the scope of claims on the estate.
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(9)The term "right of separate satisfaction" as used in this Act means a right that a person who holds a special statutory lien, pledge or mortgage against property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate may exercise at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, pursuant to the provision of Article 65, paragraph (1), against the property that is the subject matter of these rights.
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11この法律において「支払不能」とは、債務者が、支払能力を欠くために、その債務のうち弁済期にあるものにつき、一般的かつ継続的に弁済することができない状態(信託財産の破産にあっては、受託者が、信託財産による支払能力を欠くために、信託財産責任負担債務(信託法(平成十八年法律第百八号)第二条第九項に規定する信託財産責任負担債務をいう。以下同じ。)のうち弁済期にあるものにつき、一般的かつ継続的に弁済することができない状態)をいう。
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(11)The term "unable to pay debts" as used in this Act means the condition in which a debtor, due to the lack of ability to pay, is generally and continuously unable to pay debts as they become due (in the case of bankruptcy of the trust property, the condition in which the trustee, due to the lack of ability to pay with the trust property, is generally and continuously unable to pay obligation covered by the trust property (meaning obligations covered by the trust property as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9) of the Trust Act (Act No. 108 of 2006); the same applies hereinafter) as they become due).
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(外国人の地位)
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(Status of Foreign Nationals)
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第三条外国人又は外国法人は、破産手続、第十二章第一節の規定による免責手続(以下「免責手続」という。)及び同章第二節の規定による復権の手続(以下この章において「破産手続等」と総称する。)に関し、日本人又は日本法人と同一の地位を有する。
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Article 3A foreign national or foreign corporation has the same status as a Japanese national or Japanese corporation, with respect to bankruptcy proceedings, discharge proceedings under the provisions of Chapter XII, Section 1 (hereinafter referred to as "discharge proceedings") and proceedings for restoration of rights under the provisions of Section 2 of that Chapter (hereinafter collectively referred to as "bankruptcy proceedings, etc." in this Chapter).
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(破産事件の管轄)
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(Jurisdiction over Bankruptcy Cases)
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第四条この法律の規定による破産手続開始の申立ては、債務者が個人である場合には日本国内に営業所、住所、居所又は財産を有するときに限り、法人その他の社団又は財団である場合には日本国内に営業所、事務所又は財産を有するときに限り、することができる。
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Article 4(1)A petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings under the provisions of this Act may be filed only if the debtor, who is an individual, has a business office, domicile, residence or property in Japan, or if the debtor, who is a corporation or any other association or foundation, has a business office or other office or property in Japan.
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(2)A claim for which demand by litigation may be made pursuant to the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (Act No. 109 of 1996) is deemed to exist in Japan.
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Article 5(1)A bankruptcy case is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court that has jurisdiction over: if the debtor engages in commercial business, the locality of the debtor's principal business office; if the debtor engages in commercial business and has a principal business office in a foreign state, the locality of the debtor's principal business office in Japan; if the debtor does not engage in commercial business or engages in commercial business but does not have any business office, the locality of the debtor's general venue.
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(2)If there is no court with jurisdiction under the provision of the preceding paragraph, a bankruptcy case is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court that has jurisdiction over the locality of the debtor's property (in the case of a claim, the place where demand by litigation may be made).
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3前二項の規定にかかわらず、法人が株式会社の総株主の議決権(株主総会において決議をすることができる事項の全部につき議決権を行使することができない株式についての議決権を除き、会社法(平成十七年法律第八十六号)第八百七十九条第三項の規定により議決権を有するものとみなされる株式についての議決権を含む。次項、第八十三条第二項第二号及び第三項並びに第百六十一条第二項第二号イ及びロにおいて同じ。)の過半数を有する場合には、当該法人(以下この条及び第百六十一条第二項第二号ロにおいて「親法人」という。)について破産事件、再生事件又は更生事件(以下この条において「破産事件等」という。)が係属しているときにおける当該株式会社(以下この条及び第百六十一条第二項第二号ロにおいて「子株式会社」という。)についての破産手続開始の申立ては、親法人の破産事件等が係属している地方裁判所にもすることができ、子株式会社について破産事件等が係属しているときにおける親法人についての破産手続開始の申立ては、子株式会社の破産事件等が係属している地方裁判所にもすることができる。
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(3)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, if a corporation holds the majority of voting rights (excluding the voting rights of the shares of stock which may not be exercised for all matters that may be resolved at a shareholders meeting, and including the voting rights of the shares of stock for which the shareholder is deemed to have voting rights pursuant to the provision of Article 879, paragraph (3) of the Companies Act (Act No. 86 of 2005); hereinafter the same applies in the following paragraph, Article 83, paragraph (2), item (ii) and paragraph (3) and Article 161, paragraph (2), item (ii), sub-item (a) and sub-item (b)) of all shareholders of a stock company, if a bankruptcy case, rehabilitation case or reorganization case (hereinafter referred to as a "bankruptcy case, etc." in this Article) is pending against the corporation (hereinafter referred to as a "parent corporation" in this Article and Article 161, paragraph (2), item (ii), sub-item (b)), a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the stock company (hereinafter referred to as a "subsidiary stock company" in this Article and Article 161, paragraph (2), item (ii), sub-item (b)) may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case, etc. against the parent corporation is pending, and if a bankruptcy case, etc. is pending against the subsidiary stock company, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the parent corporation may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case, etc. against the subsidiary stock company is pending.
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(4)If a subsidiary stock company independently holds, or a parent corporation and subsidiary stock company jointly hold the majority of voting rights of all shareholders of another stock company, the provision of the preceding paragraph is applied by deeming such other stock company as a subsidiary stock company of the parent corporation.
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5第一項及び第二項の規定にかかわらず、株式会社が最終事業年度について会社法第四百四十四条の規定により当該株式会社及び他の法人に係る連結計算書類(同条第一項に規定する連結計算書類をいう。)を作成し、かつ、当該株式会社の定時株主総会においてその内容が報告された場合には、当該株式会社について破産事件等が係属しているときにおける当該他の法人についての破産手続開始の申立ては、当該株式会社の破産事件等が係属している地方裁判所にもすることができ、当該他の法人について破産事件等が係属しているときにおける当該株式会社についての破産手続開始の申立ては、当該他の法人の破産事件等が係属している地方裁判所にもすることができる。
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(5)Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), where a stock company, as provided for by Article 444 of the Companies Act, has prepared consolidated financial statements (meaning consolidated financial statements prescribed in paragraph (1) of that Article) for the most recent business year with regard to the stock company itself and another corporation, and reported the contents thereof at an annual shareholders meeting of the stock company, if a bankruptcy case, etc. is pending against the stock company, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against such other corporation may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case, etc. against the stock company is pending, and if a bankruptcy case, etc. is pending against such other corporation, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the stock company may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case, etc. against such other corporation is pending.
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(6)Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), where a bankruptcy case, etc. is pending against a corporation, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the representative person of the corporation may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case, etc. against the corporation is pending, and where a bankruptcy case or rehabilitation case is pending against the representative person of a corporation, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the corporation may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case or rehabilitation case against the representative person of the corporation is pending.
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(7)Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), if a bankruptcy case is pending against either one of the persons set forth in each of the following items, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the other person set forth in the respective items may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case is pending:
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一相互に連帯債務者の関係にある個人
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(i)individuals who are joint and several debtors with each other;
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二相互に主たる債務者と保証人の関係にある個人
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(ii)individuals one of whom is a principal debtor and the other is their guarantor; or
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三夫婦
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(iii)husband and wife.
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(8)Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2), if there are 500 or more creditors who hold claims that are supposed to be bankruptcy claims should an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings be made, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings may also be filed with the district court that has jurisdiction over the locality of the high court that has jurisdiction over the locality of the court with jurisdiction under these provisions.
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(専属管轄)
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(Exclusive Jurisdiction)
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第六条この法律に規定する裁判所の管轄は、専属とする。
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Article 6The court jurisdiction prescribed in this Act is exclusive.
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(破産事件の移送)
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(Transfer of Bankruptcy Cases)
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第七条裁判所は、著しい損害又は遅滞を避けるため必要があると認めるときは、職権で、破産事件(破産事件の債務者又は破産者による免責許可の申立てがある場合にあっては、破産事件及び当該免責許可の申立てに係る事件)を次に掲げる地方裁判所のいずれかに移送することができる。
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Article 7The court, when it finds it necessary in order to avoid substantial detriment or delay, may by its own authority transfer a bankruptcy case (if the debtor involved in a bankruptcy case or bankrupt files a petition for grant of discharge, the bankruptcy case and the case pertaining to the petition for grant of discharge) to any of the following district courts:
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一債務者の主たる営業所又は事務所以外の営業所又は事務所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所
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(i)the district court that has jurisdiction over the locality of the debtor's business office or other office other than the debtor's principal business office or other principal office;
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二債務者の住所又は居所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所
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(ii)the district court that has jurisdiction over the locality of the debtor's domicile or residence;
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三第五条第二項に規定する地方裁判所
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(iii)the district court prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (2);
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四次のイからハまでのいずれかに掲げる地方裁判所
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(iv)any of the district courts listed in sub-items (a) through (c) below:
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イ第五条第三項から第七項までに規定する地方裁判所
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(a)The district court prescribed in Article 5, paragraphs (3) through (7);
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ロ破産手続開始の決定がされたとすれば破産債権となるべき債権を有する債権者(破産手続開始の決定後にあっては、破産債権者。ハにおいて同じ。)の数が五百人以上であるときは、第五条第八項に規定する地方裁判所
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(b)If there are 500 or more creditors who hold claims that are supposed to be bankruptcy claims should an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings be made (after an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, bankruptcy creditors; the same applies in sub-item (c)), the district court prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (8);
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ハロに規定する債権者の数が千人以上であるときは、第五条第九項に規定する地方裁判所
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(c)If there are 1,000 or more creditors prescribed in sub-item (b), the district court prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (9); or
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五第五条第三項から第九項までの規定によりこれらの規定に規定する地方裁判所に破産事件が係属しているときは、同条第一項又は第二項に規定する地方裁判所
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(v)if the bankruptcy case is pending pursuant to the provisions of Article 5, paragraphs (3) through (9) at the district court prescribed in the respective provisions, the district court prescribed in paragraph (1) or (2) of that Article.
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(任意的口頭弁論等)
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(Optional Oral Argument)
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第八条破産手続等に関する裁判は、口頭弁論を経ないですることができる。
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Article 8(1)A judicial decision concerning bankruptcy proceedings, etc. may be made without oral argument.
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(不服申立て)
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(Appeals)
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第九条破産手続等に関する裁判につき利害関係を有する者は、この法律に特別の定めがある場合に限り、当該裁判に対し即時抗告をすることができる。その期間は、裁判の公告があった場合には、その公告が効力を生じた日から起算して二週間とする。
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Article 9A person who has an interest in a judicial decision concerning bankruptcy proceedings, etc., only as specially provided for in this Act, may file an immediate appeal against the judicial decision. The period for filing, where a public notice of the juridical decision is made, is two weeks from the day on which such public notice becomes effective.
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(公告等)
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(Public Notices)
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第十条この法律の規定による公告は、官報に掲載してする。
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Article 10(1)A public notice under the provisions of this Act is made by publication in the Official Gazette.
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(事件に関する文書の閲覧等)
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(Inspection of Case Documents)
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第十一条利害関係人は、裁判所書記官に対し、この法律(この法律において準用する他の法律を含む。)の規定に基づき、裁判所に提出され、又は裁判所が作成した文書その他の物件(以下この条及び次条第一項において「文書等」という。)の閲覧を請求することができる。
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Article 11(1)An interested person, pursuant to the provisions of this Act (including other Acts as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this Act), may make a request to a court clerk for the inspection of documents and any other objects (hereinafter referred to as "documents and other objects" in this Article and paragraph (1) of the following Article) submitted to the court or prepared by the court.
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(3)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply with respect to documents and other objects which are prepared in the form of audiotapes or videotapes (including objects on which certain particulars are recorded by any means equivalent thereto).In this case, upon the request of an interested person with regard to these objects, a court clerk must permit reproduction thereof.
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(4)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs, a person set forth in each of the following items may not make a request under the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs until the order, provisional order or judicial decision specified in the respective items is issued or made;provided, however, that this does not apply where the person in question is a petitioner to commence bankruptcy proceedings:
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一債務者以外の利害関係人第二十四条第一項の規定による中止の命令、第二十五条第二項に規定する包括的禁止命令、第二十八条第一項の規定による保全処分、第九十一条第二項に規定する保全管理命令、第百七十一条第一項の規定による保全処分又は破産手続開始の申立てについての裁判
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(i)an interested person other than the debtor:A stay order under the provisions of Article 24, paragraph (1), comprehensive stay order prescribed in Article 25, paragraph (2), provisional order under the provisions of Article 28, paragraph (1), provisional administration order prescribed in Article 91, paragraph (2), provisional order under the provisions of Article 171, paragraph (1) or judicial decision on a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings; or
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二債務者破産手続開始の申立てに関する口頭弁論若しくは債務者を呼び出す審尋の期日の指定の裁判又は前号に定める命令、保全処分若しくは裁判
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(ii)the debtor:A judicial decision to designate the date for oral argument concerning or date for interrogation on which the debtor is to be summoned to appear with respect to a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings, or any order, provisional order or judicial decision specified in the preceding item.
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(支障部分の閲覧等の制限)
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(Restrictions on Inspections of Detrimental Parts of Documents)
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第十二条次に掲げる文書等について、利害関係人がその閲覧若しくは謄写、その正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付又はその複製(以下この条において「閲覧等」という。)を行うことにより、破産財団(破産手続開始前にあっては、債務者の財産)の管理又は換価に著しい支障を生ずるおそれがある部分(以下この条において「支障部分」という。)があることにつき疎明があった場合には、裁判所は、当該文書等を提出した破産管財人又は保全管理人の申立てにより、支障部分の閲覧等の請求をすることができる者を、当該申立てをした者(その者が保全管理人である場合にあっては、保全管理人又は破産管財人。次項において同じ。)に限ることができる。
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Article 12(1)Where with regard to the following documents and other objects, a prima facie showing is made to the effect that the documents, etc. in question contain parts likely to be significantly detrimental to the administration or realization of the bankruptcy estate (prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, the debtor's property) if it is subject to the inspection or copying, issuance of an authenticated copy, transcription or extraction or reproduction (hereinafter referred to as "inspection, etc." in this Article) conducted by an interested person (such part of documents, etc. is hereinafter referred to as the "detrimental part" in this Article), the court, upon the petition of a bankruptcy trustee or provisional administrator who submitted the documents, etc. in question, may limit persons who may make a request for inspection, etc. of the detrimental part to the person who has filed the petition (when the petition has been filed by a provisional administrator, the provisional administrator or a bankruptcy trustee; the same applies in the following paragraph):
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一第三十六条、第四十条第一項ただし書若しくは同条第二項において準用する同条第一項ただし書(これらの規定を第九十六条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)、第七十八条第二項(第九十三条第三項において準用する場合を含む。)、第八十四条(第九十六条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)又は第九十三条第一項ただし書の許可を得るために裁判所に提出された文書等
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(i)documents and other objects submitted to the court for the purpose of obtaining permission under Article 36, the proviso to Article 40, paragraph (1), or the proviso to paragraph (1) of that Article as applied mutatis mutants pursuant to Article 40, paragraph (2) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 96, paragraph (1)), Article 78, paragraph (2) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 93, paragraph (3)), Article 84 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 96, paragraph (1)) or the proviso to Article 93, paragraph (1); and
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二第百五十七条第二項の規定による報告に係る文書等
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(ii)documents and other objects related to the report under the provisions of Article 157 (2).
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(2)When the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph is filed, no interested person (excluding one who filed the petition set forth in that paragraph; the same applies in the following paragraph) may make a request for inspection, etc. of the detrimental part until a judicial decision on the petition becomes final and binding.
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(3)An interested person who intends to make a request for inspection, etc. of the detrimental part may file a petition to the bankruptcy court for revocation of the order made under the provisions of paragraph (1), on the grounds that the requirement prescribed in that paragraph is not met or is no longer met.
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(民事訴訟法の準用)
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(Application, Mutatis Mutandis of the Code of Civil Procedure)
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第十三条破産手続等に関しては、特別の定めがある場合を除き、民事訴訟法の規定を準用する。
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Article 13With respect to bankruptcy proceedings, etc., except as otherwise provided, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis.
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(最高裁判所規則)
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(Rules of the Supreme Court)
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第十四条この法律に定めるもののほか、破産手続等に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
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Article 14Beyond what is provided for in this Act, the necessary particulars concerning bankruptcy proceedings, etc. are specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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第二章 破産手続の開始
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Chapter II Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings
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第一節 破産手続開始の申立て
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Section 1 Petition to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings
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(破産手続開始の原因)
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(Grounds for Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第十五条債務者が支払不能にあるときは、裁判所は、第三十条第一項の規定に基づき、申立てにより、決定で、破産手続を開始する。
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Article 15(1)When a debtor is unable to pay debts, the court, upon petition, commences bankruptcy proceedings by an order pursuant to the provisions of Article 30, paragraph (1).
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(法人の破産手続開始の原因)
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(Cause of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings against a Corporation)
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第十六条債務者が法人である場合に関する前条第一項の規定の適用については、同項中「支払不能」とあるのは、「支払不能又は債務超過(債務者が、その債務につき、その財産をもって完済することができない状態をいう。)」とする。
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Article 16(1)For the purpose of application of the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article when the debtor is a corporation, the term "unable to pay debts" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "unable to pay debts or insolvent (meaning the condition in which a debtor is unable to pay its debts in full with its property)".
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(破産手続開始の原因の推定)
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(Presumption of the Grounds for Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第十七条債務者についての外国で開始された手続で破産手続に相当するものがある場合には、当該債務者に破産手続開始の原因となる事実があるものと推定する。
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Article 17If proceedings equivalent to bankruptcy proceedings are commenced against a debtor in a foreign state, a fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is presumed to exist with regard to the debtor.
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(破産手続開始の申立て)
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(Petition to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第十八条債権者又は債務者は、破産手続開始の申立てをすることができる。
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Article 18(1)A creditor or debtor may file a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
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(法人の破産手続開始の申立て)
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(Petition to CommenceBankruptcy Proceedings Against a Corporation)
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第十九条次の各号に掲げる法人については、それぞれ当該各号に定める者は、破産手続開始の申立てをすることができる。
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Article 19(1)A petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings for the corporations set forth in the following items may be filed by the person that the relevant item prescribes:
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一一般社団法人又は一般財団法人理事
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(i)a general incorporated association or general incorporation foundation:Director;
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二株式会社又は相互会社(保険業法(平成七年法律第百五号)第二条第五項に規定する相互会社をいう。第百五十条第六項第三号において同じ。)取締役
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(ii)a stock company or mutual company (meaning a mutual company prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (5) of the Insurance Business Act (Act No. 105 of 1995; the same applies in Article 150, paragraph (6), item (iii)):a director; and
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三合名会社、合資会社又は合同会社業務を執行する社員
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(iii)a general partnership company, limited partnership company or limited liability company:a member that executes business.
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(3)When filing a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs against a corporation set forth in any of the items of paragraph (1), a prima facie showing of the fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings must be made, except when the petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed by all of its company directors, members executing business, or liquidators.
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(破産手続開始の申立ての方式)
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(Method of Filing a Petition to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第二十条破産手続開始の申立ては、最高裁判所規則で定める事項を記載した書面でしなければならない。
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Article 20(1)A petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings must be filed by means of a document stating the particulars specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(2)If a person other than a creditor files a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings, the person must submit to the court a list of creditors stating the particulars specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court;provided, however, that if it is impossible to submit a list of creditors at the same time as filing the petition, it is sufficient for the person to submit the list without delay after filing the petition.
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(破産手続開始の申立書の審査)
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(Examination of a Written Petition to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第二十一条前条第一項の書面(以下この条において「破産手続開始の申立書」という。)に同項に規定する事項が記載されていない場合には、裁判所書記官は、相当の期間を定め、その期間内に不備を補正すべきことを命ずる処分をしなければならない。民事訴訟費用等に関する法律(昭和四十六年法律第四十号)の規定に従い破産手続開始の申立ての手数料を納付しない場合も、同様とする。
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Article 21(1)When a document under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article (hereinafter referred to as a "written petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings") does not state the particulars prescribed in that paragraph, a court clerk must specify a reasonable period and make a disposition to order that such defect should be corrected within that period. The same applies where fees for a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings required under the provisions of the Act on Costs of Civil Procedure (Act No. 40 of 1971) are not paid.
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(5)Where an objection under paragraph (3) is made, the court, when it finds in a written petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings any defect other than the defect for which it ordered correction by a disposition set forth in paragraph (1), must specify a reasonable period and order that such additional defect should be corrected within that period.
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(費用の予納)
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(Prepayment of Expenses)
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第二十二条破産手続開始の申立てをするときは、申立人は、破産手続の費用として裁判所の定める金額を予納しなければならない。
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Article 22(1)When filing a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings, the petitioner must prepay an amount designated by the court as expenses for bankruptcy proceedings.
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(費用の仮支弁)
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(Provisional Payment of Expenses)
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第二十三条裁判所は、申立人の資力、破産財団となるべき財産の状況その他の事情を考慮して、申立人及び利害関係人の利益の保護のため特に必要と認めるときは、破産手続の費用を仮に国庫から支弁することができる。職権で破産手続開始の決定をした場合も、同様とする。
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Article 23(1)When the court, while taking into consideration the petitioner's financial resources, the status of property that is to constitute the bankruptcy estate and any other circumstances concerned, finds it particularly necessary for the protection of the interests of the petitioner and any interested person, it may make provisional payment of expenses for bankruptcy proceedings from the national treasury. The same applies when the court makes an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings by its own authority.
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(他の手続の中止命令等)
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(Stay Orders for Other Proceedings)
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第二十四条裁判所は、破産手続開始の申立てがあった場合において、必要があると認めるときは、利害関係人の申立てにより又は職権で、破産手続開始の申立てにつき決定があるまでの間、次に掲げる手続又は処分の中止を命ずることができる。ただし、第一号に掲げる手続又は第六号に掲げる処分についてはその手続の申立人である債権者又はその処分を行う者に不当な損害を及ぼすおそれがない場合に限り、第五号に掲げる責任制限手続については責任制限手続開始の決定がされていない場合に限る。
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Article 24(1)Where a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed, the court, when it finds it necessary, upon the petition of an interested person or by its own authority, may order a stay of the following proceedings or dispositions until an order is made on the petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings;provided, however, that this only applies, in the case of the proceedings set forth in item (i) or the disposition set forth in item (vi), if the stay order is not likely to cause unreasonable damage to the creditor who filed the petition for the proceedings or the person who made the disposition, and in the case of the proceedings for limitation of liability set forth in item (v), if an order to commence proceedings for limitation of liability has not yet been made:
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(i)proceedings already initiated against the debtor's property for compulsory execution, provisional seizure, provisional disposition, or exercise of a general statutory lien or auction by reason of a right of retention (excluding a right of retention under the provisions of the Commercial Code (Act No. 48 of 1899) or the Companies Act) (hereinafter referred to as "compulsory execution, etc." in this Section), which is based on a claim that is supposed to be a bankruptcy claim or claim on the estate, should an order of commencement of of bankruptcy proceedings be made against the debtor (hereinafter referred to as a "bankruptcy claim, etc." in this paragraph and paragraph (8) of the following Article), or is intended to secure a bankruptcy claim, etc.;
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二債務者の財産に対して既にされている企業担保権の実行手続で、破産債権等に基づくもの
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(ii)proceedings already initiated against the debtor's property for the exercise of an enterprise mortgage, which is based on a bankruptcy claim, etc.;
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三債務者の財産関係の訴訟手続
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(iii)court proceedings of an action relating to the debtor's property;
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四債務者の財産関係の事件で行政庁に係属しているものの手続
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(iv)proceedings for a case relating to the debtor's property that is pending before an administrative agency;
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五債務者の責任制限手続(船舶の所有者等の責任の制限に関する法律(昭和五十年法律第九十四号)第三章又は船舶油濁損害賠償保障法(昭和五十年法律第九十五号)第五章の規定による責任制限手続をいう。第二百六十三条及び第二百六十四条第一項において同じ。)
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(v)proceedings for limitation of liability of a debtor (meaning proceedings for limitation of liability under the provisions of Chapter III of the Act on Limitation of the Liability of Shipowners, etc. (Act No. 94 of 1975) or Chapter V of the Act on Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (Act No. 95 of 1975); the same applies in Article 263 and Article 264, paragraph (1)) for the debtor; and
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(vi)a disposal to be made by the same procedure as that for the collection of national tax delinquency (the disposal is hereinafter referred to as a "disposal of foreign tax delinquency"), based on a claim from a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance (meaning the foreign tax subject to mutual assistance prescribed in Article 11, paragraph (1) of the Act on Special Provisions, etc. of the Income Tax Act, the Corporation Tax Act and the Local Tax Act Attendant upon the Enforcement of Tax Treaties, etc. (Act No. 46 of 1969; hereinafter referred to as the "Act on Special Provisions for the Enforcement of Tax Treaties, etc." in Article 103, paragraph (5) and Article 253, paragraph (4)); the same applies hereinafter)), which has already been initiated against the debtor's property and which is based on the ground of a bankruptcy claim, etc.
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(3)Where a provisional administration order prescribed in Article 91, paragraph (2) is issued, the court may, when it finds it particularly necessary for the administration and disposal of the debtor's property, upon the petition of a provisional administrator, order the revocation of the procedure for compulsory execution, etc. or disposal of foreign tax delinquency which has been stayed pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), while requiring security to be provided.
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(包括的禁止命令)
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(Comprehensive Stay Orders)
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第二十五条裁判所は、破産手続開始の申立てがあった場合において、前条第一項第一号又は第六号の規定による中止の命令によっては破産手続の目的を十分に達成することができないおそれがあると認めるべき特別の事情があるときは、利害関係人の申立てにより又は職権で、破産手続開始の申立てにつき決定があるまでの間、全ての債権者に対し、債務者の財産に対する強制執行等及び国税滞納処分(国税滞納処分の例による処分を含み、交付要求を除く。以下同じ。)の禁止を命ずることができる。ただし、事前に又は同時に、債務者の主要な財産に関し第二十八条第一項の規定による保全処分をした場合又は第九十一条第二項に規定する保全管理命令をした場合に限る。
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Article 25(1)Where a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed, if there are special circumstances where the court finds that there is a risk that it would be impossible to achieve the purpose of the bankruptcy proceedings satisfactorily only by issuing a stay order pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1),item(i) or (vi) of the preceding Article, the court, upon the petition of an interested person or by its own authority, may issue an order prohibiting all creditors from enforcing compulsory execution, etc. against a debtor's property, and a collection of national tax delinquency (including a disposition to be made by a procedure for making a disposal of national tax delinquency, and excluding a request for distribution; the same applies hereinafter), until an order is made on the petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings;provided, however, that this applies only where the court issues a provisional order in advance or simultaneously under the provisions of Article 28, paragraph(1) or provisional administration order prescribed in Article 91, paragraph(2) with respect to the debtor's principal property.
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(2)Upon issuing a stay order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as a "comprehensive stay order"), the court, when it finds it appropriate, may exclude a certain range of compulsory execution, etc. or procedures for collection of national tax delinquency from the that which is subject to a comprehensive stay order.
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(3)Where a comprehensive stay order is issued, the procedure for compulsory execution, etc. and disposal of foreign tax delinquency which have already been initiated against the debtor's assets (limited to such procedures or disposals that are to be prohibited by the comprehensive stay order) is stayed until an order is made on the petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
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(5)Where a provisional administration order prescribed in Article 91, paragraph (2) is issued, the court, when it finds it particularly necessary for the administration and disposal of the debtor's property, upon the petition of a provisional administrator, may order revocation of the procedure for compulsory execution, etc. or disposal of foreign tax delinquency which has been stayed pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3), while requiring security to be provided.
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(8)When a comprehensive stay order is issued, the prescription is not completed with regard to a bankruptcy claim, etc. (limited to a claim for which compulsory execution, etc. or procedure for collection of national tax delinquency is prohibited by the comprehensive stay order) until the day on which two months have elapsed since the day following the day on which the comprehensive stay order ceases to be effective.
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(包括的禁止命令に関する公告及び送達等)
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(Public Notice and Service Concerning Comprehensive Stay Orders)
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第二十六条包括的禁止命令及びこれを変更し、又は取り消す旨の決定があった場合には、その旨を公告し、その裁判書を債務者(保全管理人が選任されている場合にあっては、保全管理人。次項において同じ。)及び申立人に送達し、かつ、その決定の主文を知れている債権者及び債務者(保全管理人が選任されている場合に限る。)に通知しなければならない。
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Article 26(1)Where a comprehensive stay order is issued and an order to change or revoke this order is made, public notice is made to that effect, the written judgment is served upon the debtor (or a provisional administrator if any provisional administrator is appointed; the same applies in the following paragraph) and the petitioner, and notification of the main text of the respective order must be given to known creditors and the debtor (limited to cases where a provisional administrator is appointed).
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(包括的禁止命令の解除)
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(Cancellation of Comprehensive Stay Orders)
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第二十七条裁判所は、包括的禁止命令を発した場合において、強制執行等の申立人である債権者に不当な損害を及ぼすおそれがあると認めるときは、当該債権者の申立てにより、当該債権者に限り当該包括的禁止命令を解除する旨の決定をすることができる。この場合において、当該債権者は、債務者の財産に対する強制執行等をすることができ、当該包括的禁止命令が発せられる前に当該債権者がした強制執行等の手続で第二十五条第三項の規定により中止されていたものは、続行する。
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Article 27(1)The court may, when it finds after issuing a comprehensive stay order, that the order is likely to cause undue damage to a creditor who filed a petition for compulsory execution, etc., upon the petition of the creditor, make an order that the comprehensive stay order is cancelled only with regard to that creditor.In this case, the creditor may enforce compulsory execution, etc. against the debtor's property, and any procedure for compulsory execution, etc. initiated by the creditor prior to the issuance of the comprehensive stay order and then stayed pursuant to the provisions of Article 25, paragraph (3) is continued.
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(3)For the purpose of application of the provisions of Article 25, paragraph (8) to a person who obtains a cancellation order under the provisions of paragraph (1) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph; the same applies in the following paragraph and paragraph (6)), the phrase "the day on which the comprehensive stay order ceases to be effective" in Article 25, paragraph (8) is deemed to be replaced with "the day on which a cancellation order under the provisions of Article 27, paragraph (1) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) of the same Article) is made."
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(6)Where a judicial decision on the petition set forth in paragraph (1) and a judicial decision on the immediate appeal set forth in paragraph (4) are made, the written judgments must be served upon the parties concerned. In such a case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
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(債務者の財産に関する保全処分)
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(Provisional Order Concerning Debtor's Property)
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第二十八条裁判所は、破産手続開始の申立てがあった場合には、利害関係人の申立てにより又は職権で、破産手続開始の申立てにつき決定があるまでの間、債務者の財産に関し、その財産の処分禁止の仮処分その他の必要な保全処分を命ずることができる。
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Article 28(1)Where a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed, the court, upon the petition of an interested person or by its own authority, may issue a provisional disposition that prohibits the disposal of the debtor's assets or any other necessary provisional order concerning such assets until a decision is made on the petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
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(5)Where a judicial decision prescribed in paragraph (3) and a judicial decision on the immediate appeal set forth in that paragraph are made, the written judgments must be served upon the parties concerned. In such a case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
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(6)Where the court, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), has issued a provisional order to prohibiting the debtor from making payment to a creditor or conducting any other act with the creditor to extinguish the debtor's debt, the creditor may not assert, in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings, the effect of the payment or any other act to extinguish the debt, which is made or conducted in violation of the provisional order;provided, however, that this applies only if the creditor knows, at the time of commission of such act, the fact that the provisional order was issued.
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(破産手続開始の申立ての取下げの制限)
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(Restriction on Withdrawal of Petitions to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第二十九条破産手続開始の申立てをした者は、破産手続開始の決定前に限り、当該申立てを取り下げることができる。この場合において、第二十四条第一項の規定による中止の命令、包括的禁止命令、前条第一項の規定による保全処分、第九十一条第二項に規定する保全管理命令又は第百七十一条第一項の規定による保全処分がされた後は、裁判所の許可を得なければならない。
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Article 29A person who has filed a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings may withdraw the petition only prior to an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings being made.In this case, after a stay order under the provisions of Article 24, paragraph (1), comprehensive stay order, provisional order under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, provisional administration order prescribed in Article 91, paragraph (2) or provisional order under the provisions of Article 171, paragraph (1) is issued, permission of the court is required.
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第二節 破産手続開始の決定
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Section 2 Order of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings
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(破産手続開始の決定)
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(Order of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第三十条裁判所は、破産手続開始の申立てがあった場合において、破産手続開始の原因となる事実があると認めるときは、次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合を除き、破産手続開始の決定をする。
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Article 30(1)If a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed, the court, when it finds a fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, makes an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, except in any of the cases listed in the following items:
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一破産手続の費用の予納がないとき(第二十三条第一項前段の規定によりその費用を仮に国庫から支弁する場合を除く。)。
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(i)when expenses for bankruptcy proceedings are not prepaid (excluding cases where temporary payment of such expenses is made from the national treasury pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of Article 23, paragraph (1));or
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二不当な目的で破産手続開始の申立てがされたとき、その他申立てが誠実にされたものでないとき。
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(ii)where the petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed for an unjustifiable purpose or it is not filed in good faith.
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(破産手続開始の決定と同時に定めるべき事項等)
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(Particulars to Be Specified upon Making an Order of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第三十一条裁判所は、破産手続開始の決定と同時に、一人又は数人の破産管財人を選任し、かつ、次に掲げる事項を定めなければならない。
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Article 31(1)The court must, upon making an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, appoint one or more bankruptcy trustees and specify the following particulars:
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一破産債権の届出をすべき期間
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(i)the period during which a proof of claim in bankruptcy should be filed;
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二破産者の財産状況を報告するために招集する債権者集会(第四項、第百三十六条第二項及び第三項並びに第百五十八条において「財産状況報告集会」という。)の期日
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(ii)the date of a creditors meeting that is to be convoked to report the status of the debtor's property (referred to as a "meeting for reporting the status of property" in paragraph (4), Article 136, paragraph (2) and (3) and Article 158); and
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三破産債権の調査をするための期間(第百十六条第二項の場合にあっては、破産債権の調査をするための期日)
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(iii)the period for conducting an investigation of bankruptcy claims (or the date for conducting an investigation of bankruptcy claims in the case referred to in Article 116, paragraph (2)).
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(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of item (i) and item (iii) of the preceding paragraph, the court, when it finds that the bankruptcy estate is likely to be insufficient for paying expenses for bankruptcy proceedings, may choose not to specify the period set forth in item (i) of that paragraph and the period and date set forth in item (iii) of that paragraph.
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(3)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the court must, if it finds that the bankruptcy estate is no longer likely to be insufficient for paying expenses for bankruptcy proceedings, promptly specify the period set forth in paragraph (1), item (i) and the period or date set forth in item (iii) of that paragraph.
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(4)Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), item (ii), the court may, if it finds it inappropriate to convoke a meeting for reporting the status of property while taking into consideration the number of known bankruptcy creditors and any other circumstances concerned, choose not to specify the date set forth in paragraph (1), item (ii).
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(5)In the case referred to in paragraph (1), if there are 1,000 or more known bankruptcy creditors and it is found appropriate, the court may make an order not to give a notice to bankruptcy creditors under the provisions of paragraph (3),item (i) of the following Article, as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the main clauses of paragraph (4) and paragraph (5) of that Article, and the provisions of the main clause of Article 33, paragraph (3) and the main clause of Article 139, paragraph (3) (in the case referred to in the main clause of Article 139, paragraph (3), creditors with voting rights prescribed in the main clause of Article 139, paragraph (3); the same applies in paragraph (2) of the following Article), and not to summon, on the date of a creditors meeting, bankruptcy creditors who filed a proof of claim in bankruptcy pursuant to the provisions of Article 111, Article 112 or Article 114 (hereinafter referred to as "holders of filed bankruptcy claims").
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(破産手続開始の公告等)
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(Public Notice of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第三十二条裁判所は、破産手続開始の決定をしたときは、直ちに、次に掲げる事項を公告しなければならない。
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Article 32(1)The court must, when it has made an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, immediately make a public notice of the following particulars:
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一破産手続開始の決定の主文
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(i)the main text of the order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings;
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二破産管財人の氏名又は名称
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(ii)the name of the bankruptcy trustee;
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三前条第一項の規定により定めた期間又は期日
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(iii)the period or date set pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article;
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四破産財団に属する財産の所持者及び破産者に対して債務を負担する者(第三項第二号において「財産所持者等」という。)は、破産者にその財産を交付し、又は弁済をしてはならない旨
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(iv)an order to the effect that a person who possesses property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate and person who owes a debt to the bankrupt (referred to as a "possessor of property, etc." in paragraph (3),item (ii)) must not deliver the property or make payment to the bankrupt; and
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五第二百四条第一項第二号の規定による簡易配当をすることが相当と認められる場合にあっては、簡易配当をすることにつき異議のある破産債権者は裁判所に対し前条第一項第三号の期間の満了時又は同号の期日の終了時までに異議を述べるべき旨
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(v)when it is found to be appropriate to make a simplified distribution under the provisions of Article 204, paragraph (1), item (ii), the order to the effect that any bankruptcy creditor who has an objection to the making of a simplified distribution state such objection to the court by the time of expiration of the period set forth in item (iii) of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article or the end of the date set forth in that item.
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(2)When an order under paragraph (5) of the preceding Article is made, the court must, in addition to the particulars set forth in the items of the preceding paragraph, make a public notice to the effect that it will not give a notice to bankruptcy creditors under the provisions of item (i) of the following paragraph, as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the main clauses of paragraph (4) and paragraph (5), and the provisions of the main clause of paragraph (3) of the following Article and the main clause of Article 139, paragraph (3), and that it will not summon holders of filed bankruptcy claims on the date of a creditors meeting.
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一破産管財人、破産者及び知れている破産債権者
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(i)a bankruptcy trustee, the bankrupt, and known bankruptcy creditors;
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二知れている財産所持者等
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(ii)known possessors of property, etc.;
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三第九十一条第二項に規定する保全管理命令があった場合における保全管理人
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(iii)a provisional administrator when a provisional administration order prescribed in Article 91, paragraph (2) is issued; and
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四労働組合等(破産者の使用人その他の従業者の過半数で組織する労働組合があるときはその労働組合、破産者の使用人その他の従業者の過半数で組織する労働組合がないときは破産者の使用人その他の従業者の過半数を代表する者をいう。第七十八条第四項及び第百三十六条第三項において同じ。)
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(iv)the labor union, etc. (meaning the labor union consisting of the majority of the bankrupt's employees and other workers, if there is any such labor union, or the person representative of the majority of the bankrupt's employees and other workers, if there is no labor union consisting of the majority of bankrupt's employees and other workers; the same applies in Article 78, paragraph (4) and Article 136, paragraph (3)).
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(4)The provisions of paragraph (1), item (iii) and item (i) of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis where the period set forth in paragraph (1),item (i) of the preceding Article and the period or date set forth in item (iii) of the same paragraph are specified pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) of the same Article;provided, however, that when an order under paragraph (5) of the same Article is made, the notice is not required to be given to known bankruptcy creditors.
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(5)The provisions of paragraph (1), item (ii) and paragraph (3), item (i) and item (ii) apply mutatis mutandis where there is a change in the particulars set forth in paragraph (1), item(ii), and the provisions of paragraph (1), item (iii) and paragraph (3), item (i) apply mutatis mutandis where there is a change in the particulars set forth in paragraph (1) ,item(iii) (limited to cases where there is a change to the period set forth in paragraph (1), item (i) of the preceding Article or the date set forth in item (ii) of that paragraph);provided, however, that when an order under paragraph (5) of that Article is made, the notice is not required to be given to known bankruptcy creditors.
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(抗告)
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(Appeals against a Ruling)
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第三十三条破産手続開始の申立てについての裁判に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
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Article 33(1)An immediate appeal may be filed against a judicial decision on a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
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(3)The court that has made an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings must immediately make a public notice of the main text of the revocation order and give a notice of the main text thereof to the persons listed in the items of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article (excluding item (iii)), if an immediate appeal set forth in paragraph (1) is filed and an order to revoke this order becomes final and binding;provided, however, that when an order set forth in Article 31, paragraph (5) is made, the notice is not required to be given to known bankruptcy creditors.
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第三節 破産手続開始の効果
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Section 3 Effect of the Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings
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第一款 通則
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Subsection 1 General Rules
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(破産財団の範囲)
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(Scope of Bankruptcy Estate)
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第三十四条破産者が破産手続開始の時において有する一切の財産(日本国内にあるかどうかを問わない。)は、破産財団とする。
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Article 34(1)Any and all property that the bankrupt holds at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings (irrespective of whether or not it exists in Japan) are to constitute the bankruptcy estate.
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一民事執行法(昭和五十四年法律第四号)第百三十一条第三号に規定する額に二分の三を乗じた額の金銭
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(i)an amount of money obtained by multiplying the amount prescribed in Article 131, item (iii) of the Civil Execution Act (Act No. 4 of 1979) by two-thirds; and
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二差し押さえることができない財産(民事執行法第百三十一条第三号に規定する金銭を除く。)。ただし、同法第百三十二条第一項(同法第百九十二条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定により差押えが許されたもの及び破産手続開始後に差し押さえることができるようになったものは、この限りでない。
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(ii)property that may not be seized (excluding money prescribed in Article 131, item (iii) of the Civil Execution Act);provided, however, that this does not apply to property for which a seizure is allowed pursuant to the provisions of Article 132, paragraph (1) of that Act (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 192 of that Act) and property which becomes seizable after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
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(4)During the period from the time when an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made until the day on which one month has elapsed since the day on which the order becomes final and binding, the court, by an order and upon the petition of the bankrupt or by its own authority, may expand the scope of property that do not belong to the bankruptcy estate, while taking into consideration the bankrupt's living conditions, the types of property set forth in the items of the preceding paragraph that the bankrupt held at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings and its amounts, the likelihood for the bankrupt to earn income and any other circumstances concerned.
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(7)Where an order set forth in paragraph (4) or a judicial decision on the immediate appeal set forth in the preceding paragraph is made, the written decision must be served upon the bankrupt and a bankruptcy trustee. In such a case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
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(法人の存続の擬制)
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(Constructive Existence of a Corporation)
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第三十五条他の法律の規定により破産手続開始の決定によって解散した法人又は解散した法人で破産手続開始の決定を受けたものは、破産手続による清算の目的の範囲内において、破産手続が終了するまで存続するものとみなす。
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Article 35A corporation that is dissolved through an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings under the provisions of other Acts or a dissolved corporation that has received an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is deemed to remain in existence to the extent of the purpose of liquidation through bankruptcy proceedings until the bankruptcy proceedings are closed.
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(破産者の事業の継続)
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(Continuation of the Bankrupt's Business)
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第三十六条破産手続開始の決定がされた後であっても、破産管財人は、裁判所の許可を得て、破産者の事業を継続することができる。
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Article 36Even after an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, a bankruptcy trustee may, with permission of the court, continue the bankrupt's business.
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(破産者の居住に係る制限)
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(Restriction on the Bankrupt's Residence)
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第三十七条破産者は、その申立てにより裁判所の許可を得なければ、その居住地を離れることができない。
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Article 37(1)The bankrupt may not leave their place of residence without filing a petition and obtaining the permission of the court.
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(破産者の引致)
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(Physically Escorting the Bankrupt to the Court)
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第三十八条裁判所は、必要と認めるときは、破産者の引致を命ずることができる。
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Article 38(1)The court may, when it finds it necessary, order the bankrupt to be physically escorted to the court or any other place.
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(5)The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Act No. 131 of 1948) concerning physical escorts apply mutatis mutandis to the physical escorts to the court and other places under the provisions of paragraph (1) and (2).
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(破産者に準ずる者への準用)
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(Application, Mutatis Mutandis to Persons Equivalent to the Bankrupt)
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第三十九条前二条の規定は、破産者の法定代理人及び支配人並びに破産者の理事、取締役、執行役及びこれらに準ずる者について準用する。
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Article 39The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to the bankrupt's statutory agent and manager, as well as to the bankrupt's director, company director, executive officer and any other person equivalent to them.
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(破産者等の説明義務)
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(Obligation of Explanation of the Bankrupt)
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第四十条次に掲げる者は、破産管財人若しくは第百四十四条第二項に規定する債権者委員会の請求又は債権者集会の決議に基づく請求があったときは、破産に関し必要な説明をしなければならない。ただし、第五号に掲げる者については、裁判所の許可がある場合に限る。
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Article 40(1)The following persons must, upon the request of a bankruptcy trustee or the creditors committee prescribed in Article 144, paragraph (2) or the request based on a resolution at a creditors meeting, give necessary explanation concerning bankruptcy;provided, however, that with regard to the person set forth in item (v), this applies only when permitted by the court:
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一破産者
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(i)the bankrupt;
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二破産者の代理人
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(ii)the bankrupt's agent;
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三破産者が法人である場合のその理事、取締役、執行役、監事、監査役及び清算人
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(iii)when the bankrupt is a corporation, its director, company director, executive officer, inspector, company auditor, and liquidator;
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四前号に掲げる者に準ずる者
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(iv)any other person equivalent to the persons set forth in the preceding item; and
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五破産者の従業者(第二号に掲げる者を除く。)
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(v)the bankrupt's employee (excluding the person set forth in item (ii)).
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(破産者の重要財産開示義務)
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(Obligation to Disclose Important Property of the Bankrupt)
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第四十一条破産者は、破産手続開始の決定後遅滞なく、その所有する不動産、現金、有価証券、預貯金その他裁判所が指定する財産の内容を記載した書面を裁判所に提出しなければならない。
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Article 41After an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, the bankrupt must submit to the court a document stating the contents of real property, cash, securities, deposits and savings and any other type of property designated by the court that the bankrupt owns.
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(他の手続の失効等)
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(Termination of Other Procedures)
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第四十二条破産手続開始の決定があった場合には、破産財団に属する財産に対する強制執行、仮差押え、仮処分、一般の先取特権の実行、企業担保権の実行又は外国租税滞納処分で、破産債権若しくは財団債権に基づくもの又は破産債権若しくは財団債権を被担保債権とするものは、することができない。
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Article 42(1)If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, compulsory execution against property that belong to the bankruptcy estate, provisional seizures, provisional dispositions against the property, general statutory liens, enterprise mortgages or disposal of foreign tax delinquency, which is based on a bankruptcy claim or claim on the estate, or is intended to secure a bankruptcy claim or claim on the estate, cannot be exercised.
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(2)In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the procedure for compulsory execution, provisional seizure, provisional disposition, exercise of a general statutory lien or exercise of an enterprise mortgage or disposal of foreign tax delinquency prescribed in that paragraph, which has already been initiated against property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate, ceases to be effective in relation to the bankruptcy estate;provided, however, that with regard to the procedure for compulsory execution or exercise of a general statutory lien prescribed in that paragraph (hereinafter referred to as "compulsory execution or exercise of a statutory lien" in this Article), this does not preclude a bankruptcy trustee from continuing the procedure in the interest of the bankruptcy estate.
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3前項ただし書の規定により続行された強制執行又は先取特権の実行の手続については、民事執行法第六十三条及び第百二十九条(これらの規定を同法その他強制執行の手続に関する法令において準用する場合を含む。)の規定は、適用しない。
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(3)With regard to the procedure for compulsory execution or exercise of a statutory lien continued pursuant to the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph, the provisions of Article 63 and Article 129 of the Civil Execution Act (including cases where these provisions are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to that Act or other laws and regulations concerning a procedure for compulsory execution) do not apply.
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6破産手続開始の決定があったときは、破産債権又は財団債権に基づく財産開示手続(民事執行法第百九十六条に規定する財産開示手続をいう。以下この項並びに第二百四十九条第一項及び第二項において同じ。)の申立てはすることができず、破産債権又は財団債権に基づく財産開示手続はその効力を失う。
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(6)If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, no petition may be filed for a property disclosure procedure (meaning an assets disclosure procedure prescribed in Article 196 of the Civil Execution Act; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph and Article 249, paragraph (1) and paragraph (2)) based on a bankruptcy claim or claim on the estate, and a property disclosure procedure based on a bankruptcy claim or claim on the estate ceases to be effective.
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(国税滞納処分等の取扱い)
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(Handling of Collection of National Tax Delinquency)
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第四十三条破産手続開始の決定があった場合には、破産財団に属する財産に対する国税滞納処分(外国租税滞納処分を除く。次項において同じ。)は、することができない。
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Article 43(1)If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, collection of national tax delinquency (excluding a disposal of foreign tax delinquency; the same applies in the following paragraph) may not be made against property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate.
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(3)When an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, the prescription for a fine, petty fine and collection of equivalent value not run until the bankruptcy proceedings are closed. The same applies during the period after a petition for a grant of discharge is filed until a judicial decision on the petition becomes final and binding (if a petition for a grant of discharge is filed prior to an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings being made, during the period after an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made until a judicial decision on the petition becomes final and binding).
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(破産財団に関する訴えの取扱い)
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(Actions Relating to Bankruptcy Estates)
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第四十四条破産手続開始の決定があったときは、破産者を当事者とする破産財団に関する訴訟手続は、中断する。
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Article 44(1)When an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, any action relating to the bankruptcy estate in which the bankrupt stands as a party is discontinued.
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(債権者代位訴訟及び詐害行為取消訴訟の取扱い)
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(Action for Obligee's Subrogation Rights and Action for Avoidance of Fraudulent Acts)
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第四十五条民法(明治二十九年法律第八十九号)第四百二十三条又は第四百二十四条の規定により破産債権者又は財団債権者の提起した訴訟が破産手続開始当時係属するときは、その訴訟手続は、中断する。
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Article 45(1)If an action filed by a bankruptcy creditor or holder of a claim on the estate pursuant to the provisions of Article 423 or Article 424 of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896) is pending at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, the action is discontinued.
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(行政庁に係属する事件の取扱い)
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(Handling of Cases Pending before Administrative Agencies)
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第四十六条第四十四条の規定は、破産財団に関する事件で行政庁に係属するものについて準用する。
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Article 46The provisions of Article 44 apply mutatis mutandis to cases relating to the bankruptcy estate that is pending before an administrative agency.
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第二款 破産手続開始の効果
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Subsection 2 Effect of the Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings
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(開始後の法律行為の効力)
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(Effect of Juridical Acts after Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第四十七条破産者が破産手続開始後に破産財団に属する財産に関してした法律行為は、破産手続の関係においては、その効力を主張することができない。
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Article 47(1)A juridical act conducted by the bankrupt after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings with respect to property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate may not be asserted as effective in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings.
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(開始後の権利取得の効力)
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(Effect of the Acquisition of Rights after Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第四十八条破産手続開始後に破産財団に属する財産に関して破産者の法律行為によらないで権利を取得しても、その権利の取得は、破産手続の関係においては、その効力を主張することができない。
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Article 48(1)Where a right is acquired after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings with respect to property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate, if it is not by way of the bankrupt's juridical act, such acquisition of the right may not be asserted as effective in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings.
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(開始後の登記及び登録の効力)
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(Effect of Registrations after Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第四十九条不動産又は船舶に関し破産手続開始前に生じた登記原因に基づき破産手続開始後にされた登記又は不動産登記法(平成十六年法律第百二十三号)第百五条第一号の規定による仮登記は、破産手続の関係においては、その効力を主張することができない。ただし、登記権利者が破産手続開始の事実を知らないでした登記又は仮登記については、この限りでない。
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Article 49(1)A registration or a provisional registration under the provision of Article 105 (i) of the Real Property Registration Act (Act No. 123 of 2004), which is made with respect to real property or a vessel after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings based on the cause of registration that occurred prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, may not be asserted as effective in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings;provided, however, that this does not apply to a registration or provisional registration made by a person entitled to demand registration, without knowledge of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
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(開始後の破産者に対する弁済の効力)
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(Effect of Payment to the Bankrupt after Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第五十条破産手続開始後に、その事実を知らないで破産者にした弁済は、破産手続の関係においても、その効力を主張することができる。
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Article 50(1)Payment made to the bankrupt after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings without knowledge of the commencement may also be asserted as effective in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings.
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(善意又は悪意の推定)
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(Presumption of the Existence or Absence of Knowledge)
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第五十一条前二条の規定の適用については、第三十二条第一項の規定による公告の前においてはその事実を知らなかったものと推定し、当該公告の後においてはその事実を知っていたものと推定する。
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Article 51For the purpose of application of the provisions of the preceding two Articles, the absence of knowledge of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is presumed prior to a public notice made under the provisions of Article 32, paragraph (1), and the existence of knowledge of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is presumed after the public notice is made.
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(共有関係)
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(Co-ownership)
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第五十二条数人が共同して財産権を有する場合において、共有者の中に破産手続開始の決定を受けた者があるときは、その共有に係る財産の分割の請求は、共有者の間で分割をしない旨の定めがあるときでも、することができる。
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Article 52(1)If two or more persons jointly hold property rights, if any one of them has received an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, a claim for division of the property in co-ownership may be made even if there is an agreement between the co-owners to the effect that division is not made.
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(双務契約)
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(Executory Contracts)
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第五十三条双務契約について破産者及びその相手方が破産手続開始の時において共にまだその履行を完了していないときは、破産管財人は、契約の解除をし、又は破産者の債務を履行して相手方の債務の履行を請求することができる。
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Article 53(1)If both the bankrupt and their counterparty under an executory contract have not yet completely performed their obligations by the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, a bankruptcy trustee may cancel the contract or may perform the bankrupt's obligation and request the counterparty to perform their obligation.
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(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the counterparty may specify a reasonable period and make a demand on the bankruptcy trustee that the trustee should give a definite answer within that period with regard to whether they will cancel the contract or request performance of the obligation. In such a case, if the bankruptcy trustee fails to give a definite answer within that period, it is deemed that the trustee has cancelled the contract.
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3前項の規定は、相手方又は破産管財人が民法第六百三十一条前段の規定により解約の申入れをすることができる場合又は同法第六百四十二条第一項前段の規定により契約の解除をすることができる場合について準用する。
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(3)The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis where the counter party or a bankruptcy trustee may give a notice of termination pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of Article 631 of the Civil Code or cancel the contract pursuant to the first sentence of Article 642, paragraph (1) of that Code.
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(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the counter-performance received by the bankrupt still exists in the bankruptcy estate, the counterparty may request the its return, and if it does not exist in the bankruptcy estate, may exercise their right over its value as a holder of a claim on the estate.
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(継続的給付を目的とする双務契約)
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(Executory Contracts for Continuous Performance)
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第五十五条破産者に対して継続的給付の義務を負う双務契約の相手方は、破産手続開始の申立て前の給付に係る破産債権について弁済がないことを理由としては、破産手続開始後は、その義務の履行を拒むことができない。
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Article 55(1)The counter party to a bilateral contract who has an obligation to provide continuous performance to the bankrupt, after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, may not refuse to perform the obligation on the grounds that no payment is made with regard to the bankruptcy claim arising from the performance provided prior to the filing of a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
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(2)A claim arising from the performance that is provided by the counter party to an executory contract prescribed in the preceding paragraph after the filing of a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings, and prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings (in the case of continuous performance for which the amount of claim should be calculated for each specific period of time, such claim arising from the performance provided within the period that includes the date of filing of the petition is included) is a claim on the estate.
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(賃貸借契約等)
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(Lease Contracts)
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第五十六条第五十三条第一項及び第二項の規定は、賃借権その他の使用及び収益を目的とする権利を設定する契約について破産者の相手方が当該権利につき登記、登録その他の第三者に対抗することができる要件を備えている場合には、適用しない。
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Article 56(1)The provisions of Article 53, paragraph (1) and (2) do not apply when the counter party of the bankrupt under a contract for the establishment of a leasehold or any other right of use or extracting profit has a registration or meets any other requirement for duly asserting such right against any third party.
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(委任契約)
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(Contract of Mandate)
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第五十七条委任者について破産手続が開始された場合において、受任者は、民法第六百五十五条の規定による破産手続開始の通知を受けず、かつ、破産手続開始の事実を知らないで委任事務を処理したときは、これによって生じた債権について、破産債権者としてその権利を行使することができる。
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Article 57When bankruptcy proceedings are commenced against the mandator, the mandatary, if they have administered the mandated business without receiving a notice of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings under the provisions of Article 655 of the Civil Code and also without knowing the fact of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, may exercise their right to a claim arising from such administration as a bankruptcy creditor.
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(市場の相場がある商品の取引に係る契約)
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(Contract for Transaction of Goods with Market Quotation)
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第五十八条取引所の相場その他の市場の相場がある商品の取引に係る契約であって、その取引の性質上特定の日時又は一定の期間内に履行をしなければ契約をした目的を達することができないものについて、その時期が破産手続開始後に到来すべきときは、当該契約は、解除されたものとみなす。
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Article 58(1)With regard to a contract for a transaction of goods with a quotation on an exchange or any other market quotation the purpose of which, from the nature of the transaction, cannot be achieved unless the transaction is performed on a specific date or within a specific period of time, if the due date is to come after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, it is deemed that the contract has been cancelled.
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(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the amount of damages is determined by a difference between the quotation for the same kind of transaction to be performed at the same time at the place of performance or any other reference place for quotation, and the price of the goods under the contract.
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(5)If, under a basic contract concluded for the purpose of performing transactions set forth in paragraph (1) continuously by the parties to the transactions, there is an agreement to the effect that claims and liabilities for damages prescribed in paragraph (2) arising from all contracts for transactions prescribed in paragraph (1) enforced under the basic contract is settled on a net basis, such an agreement prevails with regard to the calculation of the claimable amount of damages.
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(交互計算)
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(Open Accounts)
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第五十九条交互計算は、当事者の一方について破産手続が開始されたときは、終了する。この場合においては、各当事者は、計算を閉鎖して、残額の支払を請求することができる。
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Article 59(1)Open accounts terminate when a bankruptcy proceeding is commenced against either party to the account. In such a case, either party may close the account and claim payment of the balance.
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(為替手形の引受け又は支払等)
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(Acceptance or Payment of Bills of Exchange)
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第六十条為替手形の振出人又は裏書人について破産手続が開始された場合において、支払人又は予備支払人がその事実を知らないで引受け又は支払をしたときは、その支払人又は予備支払人は、これによって生じた債権につき、破産債権者としてその権利を行使することができる。
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Article 60(1)If bankruptcy proceedings are commenced against the drawer or endorser of a bill of exchange, if the drawee or the drawee in case of need has accepted or paid the bill without knowledge of the fact of the commencement, the drawee or the drawee in case of need may exercise their right over a claim arising from the acceptance or payment as a bankruptcy creditor.
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(夫婦財産関係における管理者の変更等)
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(Change of the Administrator of Matrimonial Property)
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第六十一条民法第七百五十八条第二項及び第三項並びに第七百五十九条の規定は配偶者の財産を管理する者につき破産手続が開始された場合について、同法第八百三十五条の規定は親権を行う者につき破産手続が開始された場合について準用する。
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Article 61(1)The provisions of Article 758, paragraphs (2) and (3), and Article 759 of the Civil Code apply mutatis mutandis when bankruptcy proceedings are commenced against a husband or wife who administers the property of their spouse, and the provisions of Article 835 of that Code apply mutatis mutandis when bankruptcy proceedings are commenced against a person who exercises parental authority.
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(2)For the purpose of application of the Act on Adjudication of Domestic Relations (Act No. 152 of 1947), a disposition on the change of the administrator of property and division of property in co-ownership under the provisions of Article 758, paragraphs (2) and (3) of the Civil Code, as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph, is deemed to be included in the particulars set forth in Article 9 paragraph (1), Type II of the Act on Adjudication of Domestic Relations, and an adjudication of the loss of the right of administration under the provisions of Article 835 of the Civil Code, as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph, is deemed to be included in the particulars listed in Article 9 paragraph (1), Type I of the Act on Adjudication of Domestic Relations.
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第三款 取戻権
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Subsection 3 Right of Segregation
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(取戻権)
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(Right of Segregation)
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第六十二条破産手続の開始は、破産者に属しない財産を破産財団から取り戻す権利(第六十四条及び第七十八条第二項第十三号において「取戻権」という。)に影響を及ぼさない。
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Article 62The commencement of bankruptcy proceedings does not affect the right to segregate, from the bankruptcy estate, property that does not belong to the bankrupt (referred to as a "right of segregation" in Article 64 and Article 78, paragraph (2), item (xiii)).
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(運送中の物品の売主等の取戻権)
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(Right of Segregation of the Seller over the Goods in Transit)
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第六十三条売主が売買の目的である物品を買主に発送した場合において、買主がまだ代金の全額を弁済せず、かつ、到達地でその物品を受け取らない間に買主について破産手続開始の決定があったときは、売主は、その物品を取り戻すことができる。ただし、破産管財人が代金の全額を支払ってその物品の引渡しを請求することを妨げない。
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Article 63(1)When the seller has sent the goods that are the subject matter of sale to the buyer, if an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against the buyer while the buyer has not yet paid the price in full and not yet received the goods at the destination, the seller may retrieve the goods;provided, however, that this does not preclude a bankruptcy trustee from requesting the delivery of the goods by paying the price in full.
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(代償的取戻権)
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(Right of Substitutional Segregation)
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第六十四条破産者(保全管理人が選任されている場合にあっては、保全管理人)が破産手続開始前に取戻権の目的である財産を譲り渡した場合には、当該財産について取戻権を有する者は、反対給付の請求権の移転を請求することができる。破産管財人が取戻権の目的である財産を譲り渡した場合も、同様とする。
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Article 64(1)Where the bankrupt (or a provisional administrator if any provisional administrator is appointed) has transferred property that the subject matter of a right of segregation prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings to a third party, the person who has a right of segregation over the property may request the transfer of a claim for counter-performance. The same applies when a bankruptcy trustee transfers property that are the subject matter of a right of segregation to a third party.
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第四款 別除権
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Subsection 4 Right of Separate Satisfaction
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(別除権)
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(Right of Separate Satisfaction)
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第六十五条別除権は、破産手続によらないで、行使することができる。
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Article 65(1)A right of separate satisfaction may be exercised without going through bankruptcy proceedings.
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(2)If property that is the subject matter of a security right (meaning a special statutory lien, pledge or mortgage; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) no longer belongs to the bankruptcy estate due to sale by private contract by a bankruptcy trustee or for any other reason, the person who has the security right, if it still exists, may also have a right of separate satisfaction over the property that is the subject matter of the security right.
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(留置権の取扱い)
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(Handling of Rights of Retention)
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Article 66(1)A right of retention under the provisions of the Commercial Code or the Companies Act that exists at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings over property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate, is deemed to be a special statutory lien against the bankruptcy estate.
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(2)The special statutory lien set forth in the preceding paragraph is subordinated to any other special statutory lien under the provisions of the Civil Code or any other Acts.
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第五款 相殺権
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Subsection 5 Right to Set-Off
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(相殺権)
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(Right to Set-Off)
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第六十七条破産債権者は、破産手続開始の時において破産者に対して債務を負担するときは、破産手続によらないで、相殺をすることができる。
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Article 67(1)A bankruptcy creditor, if owing a debt to the bankrupt at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, may offset that debt without going through bankruptcy proceedings.
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(2)Even when a claim held by a bankruptcy creditor is subject to a due date or condition subsequent at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings or it falls within the category of claims set forth in Article 103, paragraph (2), item (i), this does not preclude the bankruptcy creditor from offsetting a debt pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph. The same applies when a debt owed by a bankruptcy creditor is subject to a due date or condition or it relates to a claim which may arise in the future.
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(相殺に供することができる破産債権の額)
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(Amount of Bankruptcy Claim Permissible for a Set-Off)
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第六十八条破産債権者が前条の規定により相殺をする場合の破産債権の額は、第百三条第二項各号に掲げる債権の区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める額とする。
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Article 68(1)The amount of a bankruptcy claim for which a bankruptcy creditor offsets a debt pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article is the amount specified in each item of Article 103, paragraph (2) for the categories of claims listed in the respective items.
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(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if a claim held by a bankruptcy creditor is a claim without interest or a claim for periodic payments, the bankruptcy creditor may offset a debt only up to the amount of the creditor's claim after deducting therefrom the amount of the portion set forth in Article 99, paragraph (1), items (ii) through (iv).
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(解除条件付債権を有する者による相殺)
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(Set-Off by the Holder of a Claim Subject to a Condition Subsequent)
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第六十九条解除条件付債権を有する者が相殺をするときは、その相殺によって消滅する債務の額について、破産財団のために、担保を供し、又は寄託をしなければならない。
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Article 69When a person who holds a claim subject to a condition subsequent offsets a debt, the person, in the interest of the bankruptcy estate, must provide security for or make a contractual deposit of the amount of their debt to be extinguished by the set-off.
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(停止条件付債権等を有する者による寄託の請求)
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(Requests for Contractual Deposits by the Holder of a Claim Subject to a Condition Precedent)
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第七十条停止条件付債権又は将来の請求権を有する者は、破産者に対する債務を弁済する場合には、後に相殺をするため、その債権額の限度において弁済額の寄託を請求することができる。敷金の返還請求権を有する者が破産者に対する賃料債務を弁済する場合も、同様とする。
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Article 70If a person who holds a claim subject to a condition precedent or a claim which may arise in the future pays their debt to the bankrupt, the person, in order to offset a debt later, may request a contractual deposit of the amount of payment up to the amount of their claim. The same applies when a person who holds a claim to refund the security deposit pays their rent debt.
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(相殺の禁止)
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(Stay of Set-Offs)
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第七十一条破産債権者は、次に掲げる場合には、相殺をすることができない。
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Article 71(1)A bankruptcy creditor may not effect a set-off in the following cases:
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一破産手続開始後に破産財団に対して債務を負担したとき。
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(i)if the bankruptcy creditor has incurred a debt to the bankruptcy estate after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings;
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二支払不能になった後に契約によって負担する債務を専ら破産債権をもってする相殺に供する目的で破産者の財産の処分を内容とする契約を破産者との間で締結し、又は破産者に対して債務を負担する者の債務を引き受けることを内容とする契約を締結することにより破産者に対して債務を負担した場合であって、当該契約の締結の当時、支払不能であったことを知っていたとき。
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(ii)if the bankruptcy creditor has incurred a debt to the bankrupt by, after the bankrupt became unable to pay debts, under a contract with the bankrupt for disposing of the bankrupt's property with the intent to offset any debt to be incurred by the bankruptcy creditor under the contract exclusively against bankruptcy claims, or under a contract for incurring any debt owed by another person to the bankrupt, and the bankruptcy creditor knew, at the time of conclusion of the contract, that the bankrupt was unable to pay debts;
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三支払の停止があった後に破産者に対して債務を負担した場合であって、その負担の当時、支払の停止があったことを知っていたとき。ただし、当該支払の停止があった時において支払不能でなかったときは、この限りでない。
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(iii)if the bankruptcy creditor has incurred a debt to the bankrupt after the bankrupt suspended payments, and the bankruptcy creditor knew, at the time of incurring of the debt, the fact that the bankrupt had suspended payments;provided, however, that this does not apply if the bankrupt was not unable to pay debts at the time when the bankrupt suspended payments; and
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四破産手続開始の申立てがあった後に破産者に対して債務を負担した場合であって、その負担の当時、破産手続開始の申立てがあったことを知っていたとき。
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(iv)if the bankruptcy creditor has incurred a debt to the bankrupt after a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings was filed, and the bankruptcy creditor knew, at the time of incurring that debt, of the fact that a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings had been filed.
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一法定の原因
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(i)a statutory cause;
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二支払不能であったこと又は支払の停止若しくは破産手続開始の申立てがあったことを破産債権者が知った時より前に生じた原因
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(ii)a cause that had occurred before the bankruptcy creditor came to know the fact that the bankrupt had been unable to pay debts, that the bankrupt had suspended payments or that a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings had been filed; or
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三破産手続開始の申立てがあった時より一年以上前に生じた原因
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(iii)a cause that had occurred not less than one year before a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings was filed.
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一破産手続開始後に他人の破産債権を取得したとき。
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(i)when the person has acquired another person's bankruptcy claim after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings;
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二支払不能になった後に破産債権を取得した場合であって、その取得の当時、支払不能であったことを知っていたとき。
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(ii)when the person has acquired a bankruptcy claim after the bankrupt became unable to pay debts, and the person knew, at the time of acquisition of the claim, the fact that the bankrupt was unable to pay debts;
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三支払の停止があった後に破産債権を取得した場合であって、その取得の当時、支払の停止があったことを知っていたとき。ただし、当該支払の停止があった時において支払不能でなかったときは、この限りでない。
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(iii)when the person has acquired a bankruptcy claim after the bankrupt suspended payments, and the person knew, at the time of acquisition of the claim, the fact that the bankrupt had suspended payments;provided, however, that this does not apply if the bankrupt was not unable to pay debts at the time when the bankrupt suspended payments; or
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四破産手続開始の申立てがあった後に破産債権を取得した場合であって、その取得の当時、破産手続開始の申立てがあったことを知っていたとき。
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(iv)when the person has acquired a bankruptcy claim after a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings was filed, and the person knew, at the time of acquisition of the claim, the fact that a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings had been filed.
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一法定の原因
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(i)a statutory cause;
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二支払不能であったこと又は支払の停止若しくは破産手続開始の申立てがあったことを破産者に対して債務を負担する者が知った時より前に生じた原因
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(ii)a cause that had occurred before the person who owes a debt to the bankrupt came to know the fact that the bankrupt had been unable to pay debts, that the bankrupt had suspended payments or that a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings had been filed;
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三破産手続開始の申立てがあった時より一年以上前に生じた原因
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(iii)a cause that had occurred not less than one year before a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings was filed; or
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四破産者に対して債務を負担する者と破産者との間の契約
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(iv)a contract concluded between the bankrupt and the person who owes a debt to the bankrupt.
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(破産管財人の催告権)
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(Bankruptcy Trustee's Right of Demand)
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第七十三条破産管財人は、第三十一条第一項第三号の期間が経過した後又は同号の期日が終了した後は、第六十七条の規定により相殺をすることができる破産債権者に対し、一月以上の期間を定め、その期間内に当該破産債権をもって相殺をするかどうかを確答すべき旨を催告することができる。ただし、破産債権者の負担する債務が弁済期にあるときに限る。
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Article 73(1)A bankruptcy trustee, after the period set forth in Article 31, paragraph (1), item (iii) expires or the date set forth in Article 31, paragraph (1), item (iii) ends, may set a period of not less than one month and make a demand on a bankruptcy creditor who is able to offset a debt pursuant to the provisions of Article 67, that the bankruptcy creditor should give a definite answer within that period with regard to whether or not they will effect a set-off, with their bankruptcy claim;provided, however, that this does apply only if the debt owed by the bankruptcy creditor is due.
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(2)Where a demand under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is made, if the bankruptcy creditor fails to give a definite answer within the period specified under the provisions of that paragraph, the bankruptcy creditor may not assert the effect of offsetting debt in their bankruptcy claim in bankruptcy proceedings.
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第三章 破産手続の機関
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Chapter III Organs for Bankruptcy Proceedings
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第一節 破産管財人
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Section 1 Bankruptcy Trustees
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第一款 破産管財人の選任及び監督
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Subsection 1 Appointment and Supervision of Bankruptcy Trustees
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(破産管財人の選任)
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(Appointment of Bankruptcy Trustees)
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第七十四条破産管財人は、裁判所が選任する。
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Article 74(1)A bankruptcy trustee is appointed by the court.
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(破産管財人に対する監督等)
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(Supervision of Bankruptcy Trustees)
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第七十五条破産管財人は、裁判所が監督する。
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Article 75(1)The court supervises a bankruptcy trustee.
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(2)The court may, upon the petition of an interested person or by its own authority, dismiss a bankruptcy trustee if the bankruptcy trustee does not appropriately administer and dispose of property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate, or if there are any other material reasons to do so. In such a case, the court must interrogate the bankruptcy trustee.
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(数人の破産管財人の職務執行)
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(Performance of Duties by Two or More Bankruptcy Trustees)
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第七十六条破産管財人が数人あるときは、共同してその職務を行う。ただし、裁判所の許可を得て、それぞれ単独にその職務を行い、又は職務を分掌することができる。
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Article 76(1)If there are two or more bankruptcy trustees, they perform their duties jointly;provided, however, that with permission of the court, they may perform their duties independently or divide the duties among them.
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(破産管財人代理)
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(Bankruptcy Trustee Representatives)
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第七十七条破産管財人は、必要があるときは、その職務を行わせるため、自己の責任で一人又は数人の破産管財人代理を選任することができる。
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Article 77(1)A bankruptcy trustee, if necessary, may appoint one or more bankruptcy trustee representatives on their own responsibility, in order to have them perform their duties.
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第二款 破産管財人の権限等
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Subsection 2 Authority of Bankruptcy Trustees
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(破産管財人の権限)
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(Authority of Bankruptcy Trustees)
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第七十八条破産手続開始の決定があった場合には、破産財団に属する財産の管理及び処分をする権利は、裁判所が選任した破産管財人に専属する。
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Article 78(1)If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, the right to administer and dispose of property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate is vested exclusively in a bankruptcy trustee appointed by the court.
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一不動産に関する物権、登記すべき日本船舶又は外国船舶の任意売却
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(i)the sale by private contract of a real right on real property, Japanese vessels or foreign vessels that must be registered;
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二鉱業権、漁業権、特許権、実用新案権、意匠権、商標権、回路配置利用権、育成者権、著作権又は著作隣接権の任意売却
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(ii)the sale by private contract of mining rights, fishing rights, patent rights, utility model rights, design rights, trademark rights, rights of layout-designs of integrated circuits, breeder's rights, copyrights or neighboring rights;
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三営業又は事業の譲渡
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(iii)the transfer of operations or business;
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四商品の一括売却
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(iv)the package sale of goods;
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五借財
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(v)the borrowing of money;
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六第二百三十八条第二項の規定による相続の放棄の承認、第二百四十三条において準用する同項の規定による包括遺贈の放棄の承認又は第二百四十四条第一項の規定による特定遺贈の放棄
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(vi)the approval of renunciation of inheritance under the provisions of Article 238, paragraph (2), approval of renunciation of a universal legacy under the provisions of Article 243 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 238, paragraph (2) or renunciation of a particular legacy pursuant to the provisions of Article 244 paragraph (1);
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七動産の任意売却
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(vii)the sale by private contract of movables;
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八債権又は有価証券の譲渡
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(viii)the transfer of a claim or securities;
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九第五十三条第一項の規定による履行の請求
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(ix)the request for performance under the provisions of Article 53, paragraph (1);
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十訴えの提起
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(x)the filing of an action;
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十一和解又は仲裁合意(仲裁法(平成十五年法律第百三十八号)第二条第一項に規定する仲裁合意をいう。)
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(xi)the settlement or arbitration agreement (meaning an arbitration agreement prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Arbitration Act (Act No. 138 of 2003));
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十二権利の放棄
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(xii)the waiver of a right;
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十三財団債権、取戻権又は別除権の承認
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(xiii)the approval of a claim on the estate, right of segregation or right of separate satisfaction;
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十四別除権の目的である財産の受戻し
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(xiv)the redemption of the collateral for the right of separate satisfaction; and
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十五その他裁判所の指定する行為
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(xv)any other act designated by the court.
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一最高裁判所規則で定める額以下の価額を有するものに関するとき。
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(i)if the value of the subject matter of the act in question is not more than the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court; or
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二前号に掲げるもののほか、裁判所が前項の許可を要しないものとしたものに関するとき。
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(ii)beyond the case set forth in the preceding item, if the court considers that the permission set forth in the preceding paragraph is not required for the act in question.
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(破産財団の管理)
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(Administration of Bankruptcy Estates)
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第七十九条破産管財人は、就職の後直ちに破産財団に属する財産の管理に着手しなければならない。
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Article 79A bankruptcy trustee must commence the administration of property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate immediately after assuming office.
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(当事者適格)
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(Eligibility of Interested Parties)
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第八十条破産財団に関する訴えについては、破産管財人を原告又は被告とする。
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Article 80In an action relating to a bankruptcy estate, a bankruptcy trustee is to stand as a plaintiff or defendant.
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(郵便物等の管理)
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(Management of Postal Items)
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第八十一条裁判所は、破産管財人の職務の遂行のため必要があると認めるときは、信書の送達の事業を行う者に対し、破産者にあてた郵便物又は民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律(平成十四年法律第九十九号)第二条第三項に規定する信書便物(次条及び第百十八条第五項において「郵便物等」という。)を破産管財人に配達すべき旨を嘱託することができる。
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Article 81(1)The court may, when it finds it necessary in order for a bankruptcy trustee to perform their duties, commission a person engaged in correspondence delivery to deliver, to a bankruptcy trustee, a postal item or letter item prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (3) of the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators (Act No. 99 of 2002) (referred to as a "postal item, etc." in the following Article and Article 118, paragraph (5)) that is addressed to the bankrupt.
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(破産管財人による調査等)
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(Investigation by Bankruptcy Trustees)
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第八十三条破産管財人は、第四十条第一項各号に掲げる者及び同条第二項に規定する者に対して同条の規定による説明を求め、又は破産財団に関する帳簿、書類その他の物件を検査することができる。
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Article 83(1)A bankruptcy trustee may request any of the persons set forth in the items of Article 40, paragraph (1) and any of the persons prescribed in paragraph (2) of that Article to give an explanation pursuant to the provisions of that Article, or may inspect books, documents and any other objects relating to the bankruptcy estate.
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(2)A bankruptcy trustee may, if it is necessary in order to perform their duties, request a subsidiary company, etc. (meaning a corporation specified in each of the following items for the category set forth in the respective items; the same applies in the following paragraph) of the bankrupt to give an explanation on the status of their business and property, or may inspect their books, documents and any other objects:
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一破産者が株式会社である場合破産者の子会社(会社法第二条第三号に規定する子会社をいう。)
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(i)if the bankrupt is a stock company:a subsidiary company (meaning a subsidiary company prescribed in Article 2 (iii) of the Companies Act) of the bankrupt;
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二破産者が株式会社以外のものである場合破産者が株式会社の総株主の議決権の過半数を有する場合における当該株式会社
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(ii)if the bankrupt is a person other than a stock company:a stock company in which the bankrupt holds the majority of voting rights held by all shareholders; and
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(3)If a subsidiary company, etc. of the bankrupt (limited to a person other than a stock company; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) independently holds or the bankrupt and the bankrupt's subsidiary company, etc. jointly hold the majority of voting rights held by all shareholders of another stock company, for the purpose of application of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the other stock company is deemed to be a subsidiary company of the bankrupt.
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(破産管財人の職務の執行の確保)
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(Ensuring the Performance of Duties by Bankruptcy Trustees)
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第八十四条破産管財人は、職務の執行に際し抵抗を受けるときは、その抵抗を排除するために、裁判所の許可を得て、警察上の援助を求めることができる。
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Article 84A bankruptcy trustee, when facing resistance in the process of performing their duties, may request for police assistance in order to eliminate such resistance, with permission of the court.
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(破産管財人の注意義務)
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(Bankruptcy Trustee's Duty of Care)
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第八十五条破産管財人は、善良な管理者の注意をもって、その職務を行わなければならない。
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Article 85(1)Bankruptcy trustees must perform their duties with the due care of a prudent manager.
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(破産管財人の情報提供努力義務)
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(Bankruptcy Trustee's Duty to Strive to Provide Information)
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第八十六条破産管財人は、破産債権である給料の請求権又は退職手当の請求権を有する者に対し、破産手続に参加するのに必要な情報を提供するよう努めなければならない。
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Article 86Bankruptcy Trustees must strive to provide a person who has a claim for salary or claim for retirement allowance, both of which are bankruptcy claims, with information necessary for their participation in the bankruptcy proceedings.
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(破産管財人の報酬等)
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(Remuneration for Bankruptcy Trustees)
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第八十七条破産管財人は、費用の前払及び裁判所が定める報酬を受けることができる。
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Article 87(1)A bankruptcy trustee may receive advance payments of expenses as well as remuneration determined by the court.
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(破産管財人の任務終了の場合の報告義務等)
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(Bankruptcy Trustee's Duty to Report upon Termination of Duties)
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第八十八条破産管財人の任務が終了した場合には、破産管財人は、遅滞なく、計算の報告書を裁判所に提出しなければならない。
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Article 88(1)A bankruptcy trustee, must submit a report of account to the court upon the termination of their duties without delay.
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(3)In the case referred to in paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph, the bankruptcy trustee set forth in paragraph (1) or the successor bankruptcy trustee set forth in the preceding paragraph must file a petition set forth in the main clause of Article 135, paragraph (1) for the purpose of making a report of account to a creditors meeting upon the termination of the bankruptcy trustee's office.
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(4)The bankrupt, a bankruptcy creditor or successor bankruptcy trustee (excluding the successor bankruptcy trustee set forth in paragraph (2)) may make an objection to the report of account set forth in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) on the date of a creditors meeting convoked upon the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph.
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Article 89(1)In the case referred to in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, the bankruptcy trustee set forth in paragraph (1) of that Article or the successor bankruptcy trustee set forth in paragraph (2) of that Article may file a petition to the court for making a report of account in writing, in lieu of filing a petition set forth in paragraph (3) of that Article.
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(2)The court must make a public notice to the effect that the report is submitted and that any objection to the account should be made within a specific period of time, when a petition has been filed pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph and a report of account has been submitted pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2) of the preceding Article. In such a case, this period may not be shorter than one month.
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(3)The bankrupt, a bankruptcy creditor or successor bankruptcy trustee (excluding the successor bankruptcy trustee set forth in paragraph (1)) may make an objection to the account set forth in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of the preceding Article within the period set forth in the preceding paragraph.
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(任務終了の場合の財産の管理)
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(Administration of Property upon Termination of Duties)
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第九十条破産管財人の任務が終了した場合において、急迫の事情があるときは、破産管財人又はその承継人は、後任の破産管財人又は破産者が財産を管理することができるに至るまで必要な処分をしなければならない。
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Article 90(1)Upon the termination of a bankruptcy trustee's duties, if there are pressing circumstances, the bankruptcy trustee or their successor must make a necessary disposition until a successor bankruptcy trustee or the bankrupt is able to administer property.
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(2)If an order of revocation of an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings or an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings becomes final and binding, a bankruptcy trustee must pay claims on the estate;provided, however, that with regard to a claim on the estate which is in dispute in terms of its existence or nonexistence or its amount, a bankruptcy trustee must make a statutory deposit of the payment in the interest of the person who holds the claim.
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第二節 保全管理人
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Section 2 Provisional Administrators
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(保全管理命令)
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(Provisional Administration Order)
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第九十一条裁判所は、破産手続開始の申立てがあった場合において、債務者(法人である場合に限る。以下この節、第百四十八条第四項及び第百五十二条第二項において同じ。)の財産の管理及び処分が失当であるとき、その他債務者の財産の確保のために特に必要があると認めるときは、利害関係人の申立てにより又は職権で、破産手続開始の申立てにつき決定があるまでの間、債務者の財産に関し、保全管理人による管理を命ずる処分をすることができる。
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Article 91(1)Where a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed, when a debtor (limited to a corporation; hereinafter the same applies in this Section, Article 148, paragraph (4) and Article 152, paragraph (2)) administers and disposes of its property in an inappropriate manner or the court otherwise finds it particularly necessary for securing the debtor's property, the court may, upon the petition of an interested person or by its own authority, make a disposition to order that the debtor's property be administered by a provisional administrator until an order is made on the petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
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(保全管理命令に関する公告及び送達)
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(Public Notice and Service Concerning Provisional Administration Orders)
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第九十二条裁判所は、保全管理命令を発したときは、その旨を公告しなければならない。保全管理命令を変更し、又は取り消す旨の決定があった場合も、同様とする。
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Article 92(1)The court must, when it has issued a provisional administration order, make a public notice to that effect. The same applies when the court makes an order to change or revoke a provisional administration order.
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(保全管理人の権限)
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(Authority of Provisional Administrators)
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第九十三条保全管理命令が発せられたときは、債務者の財産(日本国内にあるかどうかを問わない。)の管理及び処分をする権利は、保全管理人に専属する。ただし、保全管理人が債務者の常務に属しない行為をするには、裁判所の許可を得なければならない。
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Article 93(1)When a provisional administration order is issued, the right to administer and dispose of the debtor's property (irrespective of whether or not it exists in Japan) is vested exclusively in a provisional administrator;provided, however, that a provisional administrator must obtain permission of the court in order to conduct any act that does not fall within the scope of the debtor's ordinary business.
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(保全管理人の任務終了の場合の報告義務)
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(Provisional Administrator's Duty to Report upon Termination of Duties)
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第九十四条保全管理人の任務が終了した場合には、保全管理人は、遅滞なく、裁判所に書面による計算の報告をしなければならない。
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Article 94(1)A provisional administrator must, upon the termination of their duties, make a report of account to the court in writing without delay.
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(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if there is a vacancy in the office of a provisional administrator, the report of account set forth in the same paragraph must, notwithstanding the provisions of that paragraph, be submitted by a successor provisional administrator or a bankruptcy trustee.
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(保全管理人代理)
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(Provisional Administrator Representatives)
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第九十五条保全管理人は、必要があるときは、その職務を行わせるため、自己の責任で一人又は数人の保全管理人代理を選任することができる。
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Article 95(1)A provisional administrator, if necessary, may appoint one or more provisional administrator representatives on their own responsibility, in order to have them perform their duties.
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(準用)
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(Application, Mutatis Mutandis)
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第九十六条第四十条の規定は保全管理人の請求について、第四十七条、第五十条及び第五十一条の規定は保全管理命令が発せられた場合について、第七十四条第二項、第七十五条、第七十六条、第七十九条、第八十条、第八十二条から第八十五条まで、第八十七条第一項及び第二項並びに第九十条第一項の規定は保全管理人について、第八十七条第一項及び第二項の規定は保全管理人代理について準用する。この場合において、第五十一条中「第三十二条第一項の規定による公告」とあるのは「第九十二条第一項の規定による公告」と、第九十条第一項中「後任の破産管財人」とあるのは「後任の保全管理人、破産管財人」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 96(1)The provisions of Article 40 apply mutatis mutandis to a request made by a provisional administrator, the provisions of Article 47, Article 50, and Article 51 apply mutatis mutandis when a provisional administration order is issued, the provisions of Article 74, paragraph (2), Article 75, Article 76, Article 79, Article 80, Articles 82 through 85, Article 87, paragraphs (1) through (2) and Article 90, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to a provisional administrator, and the provisions of Article 87, paragraphs (1) and (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a provisional administrator representative. In such cases, the phrase "public notice under the provisions of Article 32, paragraph (1)" in Article 51 is deemed to be replaced with "public notice under the provisions of Article 92, paragraph (1)," and the term "successor bankruptcy trustee" in Article 90, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "successor provisional administrator or a bankruptcy trustee."
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一保全管理命令が発せられた場合第四十四条第一項から第三項まで
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(i)when a provisional administration order is issued:Article 44, paragraphs (1) through (3); and
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二保全管理命令が効力を失った場合(破産手続開始の決定があった場合を除く。)第四十四条第四項から第六項まで
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(ii)when a provisional administration order ceases to be effective (excluding cases in which an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made):Article 44, paragraphs (4) through (6).
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第四章 破産債権
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Chapter IV Bankruptcy Claims
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第一節 破産債権者の権利
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Section 1 Rights of Bankruptcy Creditors
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(破産債権に含まれる請求権)
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(Claims Included in the Scope of Bankruptcy Claims)
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第九十七条次に掲げる債権(財団債権であるものを除く。)は、破産債権に含まれるものとする。
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Article 97The following claims (excluding those falling within the scope of claims on the estate) are to be included in the scope of bankruptcy claims:
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一破産手続開始後の利息の請求権
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(i)claims for interest arising after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings;
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二破産手続開始後の不履行による損害賠償又は違約金の請求権
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(ii)claims for damages or penalty for a default arising after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings;
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三破産手続開始後の延滞税、利子税若しくは延滞金の請求権又はこれらに類する共助対象外国租税の請求権
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(iii)claims for delinquent tax, interest tax or delinquent charge arising after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, or claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual legal assistance similar to them;
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四国税徴収法(昭和三十四年法律第百四十七号)又は国税徴収の例によって徴収することのできる請求権(以下「租税等の請求権」という。)であって、破産財団に関して破産手続開始後の原因に基づいて生ずるもの
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(iv)claims that may be collected as provided for by the National Tax Collection Act (Act No. 147 of 1959) or by the same procedure as that for collecting national tax (hereinafter referred to as "claim for tax, etc."), which arises against the bankruptcy estate from a cause that occurs after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings;
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(v)claims for an additional tax (meaning an additional tax for under reporting , additional tax for failure to file, additional tax for non-payment and heavy additional tax prescribed in Article 2 ,item(iv) of the Act on General Rules for National Taxes (Act No. 66 of 1962)) or additional charge (meaning additional payment for underreport, additional payment for failure to file, additional payment for non-payment, and heavy additional payment prescribed in Article 1,paragraph (1),item (xiv) of the Local Tax Act (Act No. 226 of 1950)), or claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance similar to them;
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六罰金、科料、刑事訴訟費用、追徴金又は過料の請求権(以下「罰金等の請求権」という。)
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(vi)claims for a fine, petty fine, court costs for a criminal case, collection of delinquent payment or civil fine (hereinafter referred to as "claim for a fine, etc.");
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七破産手続参加の費用の請求権
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(vii)claims for expenses for participation in bankruptcy proceedings;
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八第五十四条第一項(第五十八条第三項において準用する場合を含む。)に規定する相手方の損害賠償の請求権
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(viii)claims for damages of the counterparty prescribed in Article 54, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 58, paragraph (3));
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九第五十七条に規定する債権
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(ix)claims prescribed in Article 57;
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十第五十九条第一項の規定による請求権であって、相手方の有するもの
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(x)claims under the provisions of Article 59, paragraph (1), which is held by the other party;
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十一第六十条第一項(同条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)に規定する債権
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(xi)claims prescribed in Article 60, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) of that Article); and
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十二第百六十八条第二項第二号又は第三号に定める権利
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(xii)rights specified in Article 168, paragraph (2), item (ii) or (iii).
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(優先的破産債権)
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(Preferred Bankruptcy Claims)
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第九十八条破産財団に属する財産につき一般の先取特権その他一般の優先権がある破産債権(次条第一項に規定する劣後的破産債権及び同条第二項に規定する約定劣後破産債権を除く。以下「優先的破産債権」という。)は、他の破産債権に優先する。
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Article 98(1)A bankruptcy claim for which a general statutory lien or any other general priority exists over property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate (excluding a subordinate bankruptcy claim prescribed in paragraph (1) of the following Article and consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claim prescribed in paragraph (2) of that Article; hereinafter referred to as a "preferred bankruptcy claim") takes precedence over other bankruptcy claims.
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(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the order of priority among preferred bankruptcy claims is as provided for by the Civil Code, the Commercial Code, or any other laws.
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(劣後的破産債権等)
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(Subordinate Bankruptcy Claims)
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第九十九条次に掲げる債権(以下「劣後的破産債権」という。)は、他の破産債権(次項に規定する約定劣後破産債権を除く。)に後れる。
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Article 99(1)The following claims (hereinafter referred to as "subordinate bankruptcy claims") are subordinated to other bankruptcy claims (excluding the consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claim prescribed in the following paragraph):
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一第九十七条第一号から第七号までに掲げる請求権
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(i)claims set forth in Article 97, items (i) through (vii);
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二破産手続開始後に期限が到来すべき確定期限付債権で無利息のもののうち、破産手続開始の時から期限に至るまでの期間の年数(その期間に一年に満たない端数があるときは、これを切り捨てるものとする。)に応じた債権に対する法定利息の額に相当する部分
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(ii)with regard to a claim with a fixed due date that is to become due after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings and bears no interest, the amount equivalent to the statutory interest accrued for the number of years from the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings until the due date (any period of less than one year is rounded off);
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三破産手続開始後に期限が到来すべき不確定期限付債権で無利息のもののうち、その債権額と破産手続開始の時における評価額との差額に相当する部分
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(iii)with regard to a claim with an uncertain due date that is to become due after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings and bears no interest, the difference between the amount of the claim and the appraised value of the claim as of the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings; and
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四金額及び存続期間が確定している定期金債権のうち、各定期金につき第二号の規定に準じて算定される額の合計額(その額を各定期金の合計額から控除した額が法定利率によりその定期金に相当する利息を生ずべき元本額を超えるときは、その超過額を加算した額)に相当する部分
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(iv)with regard to a claim for periodic payments the amount and duration of which are fixed, the sum of the amounts calculated with regard to the respective periodic payments in accordance with the provisions of item (ii) (when the amount calculated by deducting the total from the total amount of periodic payments exceeds the amount of principal which would accrue interest equivalent to the periodic payments when calculating at a statutory interest rate, the amount in excess is added).
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(2)A claim for which the bankruptcy creditor and the bankrupt, prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, have reached an agreement prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, to the effect that if bankruptcy proceedings are commenced against the bankrupt, the claim is subordinated to a subordinate bankruptcy claim in the order of priority for receiving a distribution in the bankruptcy proceedings (hereinafter referred to as an "consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claim") is subordinated to a subordinate bankruptcy claim.
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(破産債権の行使)
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(Enforcement of Bankruptcy Claims)
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第百条破産債権は、この法律に特別の定めがある場合を除き、破産手続によらなければ、行使することができない。
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Article 100(1)A bankruptcy claim, except as otherwise provided for in this Act, may not be enforced without going through bankruptcy proceedings.
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一破産手続開始の時に破産財団に属する財産に対して既にされている国税滞納処分
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(i)collection of national tax delinquency already made, at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, against property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate; and
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二徴収の権限を有する者による還付金又は過誤納金の充当
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(ii)appropriation of a refund or payment by mistake, which is enforced by a person with the authority to collect.
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(給料の請求権等の弁済の許可)
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(Permission for Payment of Claims for Salary)
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第百一条優先的破産債権である給料の請求権又は退職手当の請求権について届出をした破産債権者が、これらの破産債権の弁済を受けなければその生活の維持を図るのに困難を生ずるおそれがあるときは、裁判所は、最初に第百九十五条第一項に規定する最後配当、第二百四条第一項に規定する簡易配当、第二百八条第一項に規定する同意配当又は第二百九条第一項に規定する中間配当の許可があるまでの間、破産管財人の申立てにより又は職権で、その全部又は一部の弁済をすることを許可することができる。ただし、その弁済により財団債権又は他の先順位若しくは同順位の優先的破産債権を有する者の利益を害するおそれがないときに限る。
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Article 101(1)If a bankruptcy creditor who filed a notification of claim for salary or a claim for a retirement allowance, both of which are preferred bankruptcy claims, is likely to have difficulty in maintaining their standard of living unless they receive payment of these bankruptcy claims, the court may permit payment of the claim in whole or in part, before permission is granted for the first time for the final distribution prescribed in Article 195, paragraph (1), simplified distribution prescribed in Article 204, paragraph (1), consensual distribution prescribed in Article 208, paragraph (1) or interim distribution prescribed in Article 209, paragraph (1), upon the petition of a bankruptcy trustee or by its own authority,;provided, however, that this applies only if the payment is not likely to harm the interest of a person who holds a claim on the estate or any other preferred bankruptcy claim with the same or higher level of priority.
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(2)When a bankruptcy trustee is requested by a bankruptcy creditor set forth in the preceding paragraph to file the petition set forth in that paragraph, the bankruptcy trustee must report that fact to the court immediately. In such a case, if the bankruptcy trustee has decided not to file a petition, the trustee must report the reason for this to the court without delay.
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(破産管財人による相殺)
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(Set-Off by Bankruptcy Trustees)
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第百二条破産管財人は、破産財団に属する債権をもって破産債権と相殺することが破産債権者の一般の利益に適合するときは、裁判所の許可を得て、その相殺をすることができる。
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Article 102If a set-off of a claim that belongs to the bankruptcy estate against a bankruptcy claim conforms to the common interests of bankruptcy creditors, a bankruptcy trustee may effect a set-off with permission of the court.
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(破産債権者の手続参加)
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(Bankruptcy Creditor's Participation in Proceedings)
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第百三条破産債権者は、その有する破産債権をもって破産手続に参加することができる。
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Article 103(1)A bankruptcy creditor may participate in bankruptcy proceedings with regard to a bankruptcy claim that the creditor holds.
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一次に掲げる債権 破産手続開始の時における評価額
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(i)the following claims: the amount of the claim appraised at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings:
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イ金銭の支払を目的としない債権
|
(a)claims not for payment of money
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ロ金銭債権で、その額が不確定であるもの又はその額を外国の通貨をもって定めたもの
|
(b)monetary claim the amount of which is not fixed or the amount of which is fixed in a foreign currency
|
ハ金額又は存続期間が不確定である定期金債権
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(c)claim for periodic payments the amount and duration of which are not fixed; or
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二前号に掲げる債権以外の債権債権額
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(ii)claim other than those listed in the preceding item:the amount of the claim.
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(5)Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), in order to participate in bankruptcy proceedings by reason of a claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance, a decision of implementation of mutual assistance (meaning the decision of implementation of mutual assistance prescribed in Article 11, paragraph (1) of the Act on Special Provisions for the Enforcement of Tax Treaties; the same applies in Article 134, paragraph (2)) is required.
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(全部の履行をする義務を負う者が数人ある場合等の手続参加)
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(Participation in Proceedings When Two or More Persons Have the Obligation of Entire Performance)
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第百四条数人が各自全部の履行をする義務を負う場合において、その全員又はそのうちの数人若しくは一人について破産手続開始の決定があったときは、債権者は、破産手続開始の時において有する債権の全額についてそれぞれの破産手続に参加することができる。
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Article 104(1)When two or more persons each have the obligation of entire performance, if an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against all or some or one of them, their creditor may participate in the bankruptcy proceedings against each of the persons with regard to the whole amount of the claim that they hold at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
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(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, even if other persons who have the obligation of entire performance has made payment to the creditor or conducted any other act with the creditor to cause their debt to be extinguished (hereinafter referred to as "payment, etc." in this Article) after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, the creditor, except where the whole amount of the claim is extinguished, may exercise their right for the whole amount of the claim that they hold at the time of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
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(3)In the case prescribed in paragraph (1), a person who has a right to obtain reimbursement to be exercised against the bankrupt in the future may participate in the bankruptcy proceedings with regard to the whole amount of reimbursement;provided, however, that this does not apply when a creditor has participated in the bankruptcy proceedings with regard to the claim that they hold at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
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(4)When a creditor participates in the bankruptcy proceedings pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), if a person who has a right to obtain reimbursement to be exercised against the bankrupt in the future has made payment, etc. to the creditor after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, the person who has a right to obtain reimbursement may exercise the creditor's right as a bankruptcy creditor to the extent of the right to obtain reimbursement only when the whole amount of the creditor's claim is extinguished.
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(5)The provisions of paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis when a third party who provided their property as security in order to secure the bankrupt's debt (hereinafter referred to as a "third party collateral provider " in this paragraph) has made payment, etc. to the creditor after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, and the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to a third party collateral provider who has the right to obtain against the bankrupt in the future.
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(保証人の破産の場合の手続参加)
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(Participation in Proceedings in the case of Bankruptcy of Guarantor)
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第百五条保証人について破産手続開始の決定があったときは、債権者は、破産手続開始の時において有する債権の全額について破産手続に参加することができる。
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Article 105If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against a guarantor, the creditor may participate in the bankruptcy proceedings with regard to the whole amount of the claim that they hold at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
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(法人の債務につき無限の責任を負う者の破産の場合の手続参加)
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(Participation in Proceedings in the case of Bankruptcy of Persons with Unlimited Liability for a Corporation's Debts)
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第百六条法人の債務につき無限の責任を負う者について破産手続開始の決定があったときは、当該法人の債権者は、破産手続開始の時において有する債権の全額について破産手続に参加することができる。
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Article 106When an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against a person who has unlimited liability for a corporation's debts, a creditor of the corporation may participate in the bankruptcy proceedings with regard to the whole amount of the claim that they hold at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
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(法人の債務につき有限の責任を負う者の破産の場合の手続参加等)
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(Participation in Proceedings in the case of Bankruptcy of a Person with Limited Liability for a Corporation's Debts)
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第百七条法人の債務につき有限の責任を負う者について破産手続開始の決定があったときは、当該法人の債権者は、破産手続に参加することができない。この場合においては、当該法人が出資の請求について破産手続に参加することを妨げない。
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Article 107(1)If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against a person who has limited liability for a corporation's debts, a creditor of the corporation may not participate in the bankruptcy proceedings. In such a case, the corporation is not precluded from participating in the bankruptcy proceedings to demand contributions.
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(別除権者等の手続参加)
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(Participation in Proceedings by a Holder of Right of Separate Satisfaction)
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第百八条別除権者は、当該別除権に係る第六十五条第二項に規定する担保権によって担保される債権については、その別除権の行使によって弁済を受けることができない債権の額についてのみ、破産債権者としてその権利を行使することができる。ただし、当該担保権によって担保される債権の全部又は一部が破産手続開始後に担保されないこととなった場合には、その債権の当該全部又は一部の額について、破産債権者としてその権利を行使することを妨げない。
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Article 108(1)A holder of a right of separate satisfaction may, with regard to a claim secured by a security right prescribed in Article 65, paragraph (2) which pertains to the right of separate satisfaction, exercise their right as a bankruptcy creditor only for the amount of the claim for which payment cannot be received by exercising the right of separate satisfaction;provided, however, that where the amount of the claim secured by the security right is no longer secured in whole or part after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, the holder of the right of separate satisfaction is not precluded from exercising their right as a bankruptcy creditor for the whole or part of the amount of the claim.
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(2)The preceding paragraph also applies to a person who holds a special statutory lien, pledge or mortgage on the bankrupt's property that does not belong to the bankruptcy estate or a person who, when an additional order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against the bankrupt, holds a bankruptcy claim in the previous bankruptcy proceedings.
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(外国で弁済を受けた破産債権者の手続参加)
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(Participation in Proceedings by a Bankruptcy Creditor Receiving Payment in a Foreign State)
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第百九条破産債権者は、破産手続開始の決定があった後に、破産財団に属する財産で外国にあるものに対して権利を行使したことにより、破産債権について弁済を受けた場合であっても、その弁済を受ける前の債権の額について破産手続に参加することができる。
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Article 109Even if a bankruptcy creditor by exercising their right against property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate and exists in a foreign state, has received payment of their bankruptcy claim after an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, may participate in the bankruptcy proceedings with regard to the amount of the claim at the time before receiving the payment.
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(代理委員)
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(Bankruptcy Creditor Representatives)
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第百十条破産債権者は、裁判所の許可を得て、共同して又は各別に、一人又は数人の代理委員を選任することができる。
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Article 110(1)Bankruptcy creditors, with permission of the court, may jointly or severally appoint one or more bankruptcy creditor representatives.
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第二節 破産債権の届出
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Section 2 Filing of Proofs of Bankruptcy Claims
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(破産債権の届出)
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(Filing of Proofs of Bankruptcy Claims)
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第百十一条破産手続に参加しようとする破産債権者は、第三十一条第一項第一号又は第三項の規定により定められた破産債権の届出をすべき期間(以下「債権届出期間」という。)内に、次に掲げる事項を裁判所に届け出なければならない。
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Article 111(1)A bankruptcy creditor who seeks to participate in bankruptcy proceedings must file notification of the following particulars to the court within a period during which proofs of bankruptcy claims should be filed as specified pursuant to the provisions of Article 31, paragraph (1), item (i), or paragraph (3) (hereinafter referred to as a "period for filing proofs of claims"):
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一各破産債権の額及び原因
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(i)the amount and cause of each bankruptcy claim;
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二優先的破産債権であるときは、その旨
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(ii)if the claim in question is a preferred bankruptcy claim, a statement to that effect;
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三劣後的破産債権又は約定劣後破産債権であるときは、その旨
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(iii)if the claim in question is a subordinate bankruptcy claim or consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claim, a statement to that effect;
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四自己に対する配当額の合計額が最高裁判所規則で定める額に満たない場合においても配当金を受領する意思があるときは、その旨
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(iv)if the total amount of distribution given to the bankruptcy creditor is less than the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court but the creditor has the intention of receiving distribution money, a statement to that effect; and
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五前各号に掲げるもののほか、最高裁判所規則で定める事項
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(v)beyond what is set forth in the preceding items, particulars specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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一別除権の目的である財産
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(i)the collateral for the right of separate satisfaction; and
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二別除権の行使によって弁済を受けることができないと見込まれる債権の額
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(ii)the amount of the claim for which payment is not expected to be received by exercising the right of separate satisfaction.
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(一般調査期間経過後又は一般調査期日終了後の届出等)
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(Filing of Notifications after the Expiration of the Ordinary Period for Investigation or after the End of the Ordinary Date of Investigation)
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第百十二条破産債権者がその責めに帰することができない事由によって第三十一条第一項第三号の期間(以下「一般調査期間」という。)の経過又は同号の期日(以下「一般調査期日」という。)の終了までに破産債権の届出をすることができなかった場合には、その事由が消滅した後一月以内に限り、その届出をすることができる。
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Article 112(1)When a bankruptcy creditor is unable to file proofs of bankruptcy claims by the expiration of the period set forth in Article 31, paragraph (1), item(iii) (hereinafter referred to as the "ordinary period for investigation") or the end of the date set forth in Article 31, paragraph (1), item (iii) (hereinafter referred to as the "ordinary date of investigation") due to grounds not attributable to them, they may file a notification only within one month after the grounds cease to exist.
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(4)The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) apply mutatis mutandis when a bankruptcy creditor, after the expiration of the ordinary period for investigation or the end of ordinary date of investigation, makes a change to any filed particular, which is prejudicial to the interest of other bankruptcy creditors, due to grounds not attributable to them.
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(届出名義の変更)
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(Change of the Title of a Holder of a Filed Claim)
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第百十三条届出をした破産債権を取得した者は、一般調査期間の経過後又は一般調査期日の終了後でも、届出名義の変更を受けることができる。
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Article 113(1)A person who has acquired a filed bankruptcy claim may have the title of the holder of the filed claim changed even after the expiration of the ordinary period for investigation or the end of the ordinary date of investigation.
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(2)The person to whom the title of the holder of a filed claim is to be changed pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if the person has the intention of receiving distribution money even if the total amount of distribution to be given to them is less than the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court prescribed in Article 111, paragraph (1),item (iv), must file a notification with the court to that effect.
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(租税等の請求権等の届出)
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(Filing of Notifications of Claims for Tax)
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第百十四条次に掲げる請求権を有する者は、遅滞なく、当該請求権の額及び原因並びに当該請求権が共助対象外国租税の請求権である場合にはその旨その他最高裁判所規則で定める事項を裁判所に届け出なければならない。この場合において、当該請求権を有する者が別除権者又は準別除権者であるときは、第百十一条第二項の規定を準用する。
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Article 114A person who holds any of the following claims must file with the court a notification of the amount and cause of the claim, and if the claim in question is a claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance, a statement to that effect, and any other particulars specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court, without delay. In such a case, if the person who holds the claim is a holder of a right of separate satisfaction or holder of a quasi-right of separate satisfaction, the provisions of Article 111, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis:
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一租税等の請求権であって、財団債権に該当しないもの
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(i)a claim for tax, etc., which does not fall within the scope of claims on the estate; or
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二罰金等の請求権であって、財団債権に該当しないもの
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(ii)a claim for a fine, etc., which does not fall within the scope of claims on the estate.
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第三節 破産債権の調査及び確定
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Section 3 Investigation and Finalization of Bankruptcy Claims
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第一款 通則
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Subsection 1 General Rules
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(破産債権者表の作成等)
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(Preparation of a Schedule of Bankruptcy Creditors)
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第百十五条裁判所書記官は、届出があった破産債権について、破産債権者表を作成しなければならない。
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Article 115(1)A court clerk must prepare a schedule of bankruptcy creditors with regard to filed bankruptcy claims.
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(2)In the schedule of bankruptcy creditors set forth in the preceding paragraph, the particulars set forth in Article 111, paragraph (1), items (i) through (iv) and paragraph (2), item (ii) of that Article (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (3) of that Article) and any other particulars specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court must be entered.
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(破産債権の調査の方法)
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(Method of Investigation of Bankruptcy Claims)
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第百十六条裁判所による破産債権の調査は、次款の規定により、破産管財人が作成した認否書並びに破産債権者及び破産者の書面による異議に基づいてする。
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Article 116(1)Investigations of bankruptcy claims by the court is conducted pursuant to the provisions of the following Subsection based on a statement of approval or disapproval prepared by a bankruptcy trustee as well as written objections made by bankruptcy creditors and by the bankrupt.
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(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the court may, when it finds it necessary, conduct an investigation of bankruptcy claims pursuant to the provisions of Subsection 3 based on an approval or disapproval given by a bankruptcy trustee as well as objections made by bankruptcy creditors and by the bankrupt on the date set for the investigation.
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(3)The court may, even after conducting the investigation of bankruptcy claims on the ordinary date of investigation under the provisions of Article 121, conduct an investigation of bankruptcy claims in writing during the special period for investigation under the provisions of Article 119, and when it finds it necessary, even after conducting the investigation of bankruptcy claims in writing during the ordinary period for investigation under the provisions of Article 118, may conduct an investigation of bankruptcy claims on the special date of investigation under the provisions of Article 122.
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第二款 書面による破産債権の調査
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Subsection 2 Investigation of Bankruptcy Claims in Writing
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(認否書の作成及び提出)
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(Preparation and Submission of a Statement of Approval or Disapproval)
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第百十七条破産管財人は、一般調査期間が定められたときは、債権届出期間内に届出があった破産債権について、次に掲げる事項についての認否を記載した認否書を作成しなければならない。
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Article 117(1)A bankruptcy trustee, when an ordinary period for investigation is specified, must prepare a statement of approval or disapproval of the following particulars with regard to each bankruptcy claim filed during the period for filing notifications of claims:
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一破産債権の額
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(i)the amount of the bankruptcy claim;
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二優先的破産債権であること。
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(ii)a statement to the effect that the claim in question is a preferred bankruptcy claim;
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三劣後的破産債権又は約定劣後破産債権であること。
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(iii)a statement to the effect that the claim in question is a subordinate bankruptcy claim or consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claim; and
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四別除権(第百八条第二項に規定する特別の先取特権、質権若しくは抵当権又は破産債権を含む。)の行使によって弁済を受けることができないと見込まれる債権の額
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(iv)the amount of the claim for which payment is not expected to be received by exercising a right of separate satisfaction (including a special statutory lien, pledge or mortgage or bankruptcy claim prescribed in Article 108, paragraph (2)).
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(2)A bankruptcy trustee, with regard to a bankruptcy claim which is filed or for which a change is made to any filed particular (limited to a change which is prejudicial to the interest of other bankruptcy creditors; the same applies in this Section) after the expiration of the period for filing notifications of claims, may also state their approval or disapproval of the particulars listed in the items of the preceding paragraph (if there is a change to any filed particular, the particular set forth in each item of that paragraph after the change; the same applies in this Section) in the statement of approval or disapproval set forth in that paragraph.
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(4)If, with regard to any particular of which approval or disapproval should be stated in a statement of approval or disapproval set forth in paragraph (1) pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph, neither approval nor disapproval is stated in the statement of approval or disapproval submitted pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it is deemed that a bankruptcy trustee has approved the particular.
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(5)If, with regard to a bankruptcy claim for which approval or disapproval of the particulars set forth in the items of paragraph (1) may be stated in a statement of approval or disapproval pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2), the statement of approval or disapproval submitted pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) states approval or disapproval of a part of the particulara, it is deemed that a bankruptcy trustee has approved the particulars of which neither approval nor disapproval is stated in the statement of approval or disapproval.
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(一般調査期間における調査)
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(Investigation During Ordinary Periods for Investigation)
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第百十八条届出をした破産債権者は、一般調査期間内に、裁判所に対し、前条第一項又は第二項に規定する破産債権についての同条第一項各号に掲げる事項について、書面で、異議を述べることができる。
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Article 118(1)A holder of filed bankruptcy claim may make an objection in writing to the court within the ordinary period for investigation, with regard to the particulars set forth in the items of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article concerning a bankruptcy claim prescribed in paragraph (1) or (2) of that Article.
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(3)The court must, when it has made an order to change the ordinary period for investigation, serve the written judgment upon the bankruptcy trustee, the bankrupt, and holders of filed bankruptcy claims (prior to the expiration of the period for filing notifications of claims, the known bankruptcy creditors).
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4前項の規定による送達は、書類を通常の取扱いによる郵便に付し、又は民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律第二条第六項に規定する一般信書便事業者若しくは同条第九項に規定する特定信書便事業者の提供する同条第二項に規定する信書便の役務を利用して送付する方法によりすることができる。
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(4)The delivery under the provisions of the preceding paragraph may be made by sending the necessary documents by ordinary mail or by correspondence delivery services prescribed in Article 2 paragraph (2) of the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators that are provided by a general correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (6) of that Article or specified correspondence delivery service provider prescribed in paragraph (9) of that Article.
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(特別調査期間における調査)
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(Investigation During the Special Period for Investigation)
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第百十九条裁判所は、債権届出期間の経過後、一般調査期間の満了前又は一般調査期日の終了前にその届出があり、又は届出事項の変更があった破産債権について、その調査をするための期間(以下「特別調査期間」という。)を定めなければならない。ただし、当該破産債権について、破産管財人が第百十七条第三項の規定により提出された認否書に同条第一項各号に掲げる事項の全部若しくは一部についての認否を記載している場合又は一般調査期日において調査をすることについて破産管財人及び破産債権者の異議がない場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 119(1)The court must, with regard to a bankruptcy claim which is filed or for which a change is made to any filed particular after the period for filing notifications of claims has expired but before the ordinary period for investigation expires or the ordinary date of investigation ends, specify a period for conducting an investigation of the claim (hereinafter referred to as a "special period for investigation");provided, however, that this does not apply if, with regard to the bankruptcy claim, a bankruptcy trustee states, in the statement of approval or disapproval submitted pursuant to the provisions of Article 117, paragraph (3), their approval or disapproval of all or a part of the particulars set forth in the items of paragraph (1) of that Article, or no objection is made by a bankruptcy trustee or any bankruptcy creditors against conducting an investigation on the ordinary date of investigation.
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(2)The main clause of the preceding paragraph also applies to a bankruptcy claim which is filed under the provisions of Article 112, paragraph (1) or (3) or for which a change is made to any filed particular under the provisions of paragraph (1) of that Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (4) of that Article after the expiration of the ordinary period for investigation or the end of the ordinary date of investigation.
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(4)A bankruptcy trustee must, with regard to a bankruptcy claim to be investigated during the special period for investigation, prepare a statement of approval or disapproval to state their approval or disapproval of the particulars set forth in the items of Article 117, paragraph (1), and submit it to the court by the due date set by the court prior to the special period for investigation. In such a case, the provisions of paragraph (4) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis.
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(5)A holder of a filed bankruptcy claim may make an objection in writing to the court with regard to the particulars set forth in the items of Article 117, paragraph (1) concerning the bankruptcy claim set forth in the preceding paragraph and a bankrupt may make an objection in writing to the court with regard to the the amount of the bankruptcy claim, within the special period for investigation,.
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(特別調査期間に関する費用の予納)
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(Prepayment of Expenses for the Special Period for Investigation)
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第百二十条前条第一項本文又は第二項の場合には、裁判所書記官は、相当の期間を定め、同条第三項の破産債権を有する者に対し、同項の費用の予納を命じなければならない。
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Article 120(1)In the case referred to in the main clause of paragraph (1), or in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, a court clerk must specify a reasonable period and order the person who holds the bankruptcy claim set forth in paragraph (3) of that Article to prepay the expenses set forth in that paragraph.
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(5)In the case referred to in paragraph (1), if the person who holds the bankruptcy claim set forth in that paragraph does not prepay the expenses set forth in that paragraph, the court must, by an order, dismiss without prejudice the person's filing of proofs of bankruptcy claims or filing of the change of any filed particular.
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第三款 期日における破産債権の調査
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Subsection 3 Investigation of Bankruptcy Claims on the Appointed Date
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(一般調査期日における調査)
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(Investigation on the Ordinary Date of Investigation)
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第百二十一条破産管財人は、一般調査期日が定められたときは、当該一般調査期日に出頭し、債権届出期間内に届出があった破産債権について、第百十七条第一項各号に掲げる事項についての認否をしなければならない。
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Article 121(1)A bankruptcy trustee must, when an ordinary date of investigation is specified, appear on the ordinary date of investigation and state their approval or disapproval of the particulars set forth in the items of Article 117, paragraph (1) with regard to each bankruptcy claim filed during the period for filing notifications of claims.
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(7)The provisions of the preceding paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis where no objection is made by a bankruptcy trustee or bankruptcy creditors against conducting an investigation on the ordinary date of investigation with regard to a bankruptcy claim which is filed, or for which a change is made to any filed particular after the expiration of the period for filing notifications of claims.
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(9)The court must, when it has made an order to change the ordinary date of investigation, serve the written judgment upon a bankruptcy trustee, the bankrupt, and holders of filed bankruptcy claims (prior to the expiration of the period for filing notifications of claims, known bankruptcy creditors).
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(10)The court must, when it has made an order to postpone or continue the investigation of bankruptcy claims on the ordinary date of investigation, serve the written judgment upon a bankruptcy trustee, the bankrupt and holders of filed bankruptcy claims, except where the order is rendered on that ordinary date of investigation.
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(特別調査期日における調査)
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(Investigations on the Special Date of Investigation)
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第百二十二条裁判所は、債権届出期間の経過後、一般調査期間の満了前又は一般調査期日の終了前に届出があり、又は届出事項の変更があった破産債権について、必要があると認めるときは、その調査をするための期日(以下「特別調査期日」という。)を定めることができる。ただし、当該破産債権について、破産管財人が第百十七条第三項の規定により提出された認否書に同条第一項各号に掲げる事項の全部若しくは一部についての認否を記載している場合又は一般調査期日において調査をすることについて破産管財人及び破産債権者の異議がない場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 122(1)The court, with regard to a bankruptcy claim which is filed or for which a change is made to any filed particular after the period for filing notifications of claims has expired but before the ordinary period for investigation expires or the ordinary date of investigation ends, may specify a date for conducting an investigation of such claim (hereinafter referred to as a "special date of investigation"), when it finds it necessary; provided, however, that this does not apply where, with regard to the bankruptcy claim, a bankruptcy trustee states, in the statement of approval or disapproval submitted pursuant to the provisions of Article 117, paragraph (3), their approval or disapproval of all or a part of the particulars set forth in the items of paragraph (1) of that Article, or no objection is made by a bankruptcy trustee or bankruptcy creditors against conducting an investigation on the ordinary date of investigation.
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(2)The provisions of Article 119, paragraphs (2) and (3), Article 118, paragraphs (3) through (5) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 119, paragraph (6), Article 120, and the preceding Article (excluding paragraphs (7) and (9)) apply mutatis mutandis to the special date of investigation in the case referred to in the main clause of the preceding paragraph.
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(期日終了後の破産者の異議)
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(Objection Made by the Bankrupt after the End of the Date of Investigation)
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第百二十三条破産者がその責めに帰することができない事由によって一般調査期日又は特別調査期日に出頭することができなかったときは、破産者は、その事由が消滅した後一週間以内に限り、裁判所に対し、当該一般調査期日又は特別調査期日における調査に係る破産債権の額について、書面で、異議を述べることができる。
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Article 123(1)If the bankrupt was unable to appear on the ordinary date of investigation or special date of investigation due to grounds not attributable to them, the bankrupt, within one week after the grounds cease to exist, may make an objection in writing to the court with regard to the amount of the bankruptcy claim investigated on that ordinary date of investigation or special date of investigation.
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第四款 破産債権の確定
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Subsection 4 Finalization of Bankruptcy Claims
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(異議等のない破産債権の確定)
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(Finalization of a Bankruptcy Claim Without Objection)
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第百二十四条第百十七条第一項各号(第四号を除く。)に掲げる事項は、破産債権の調査において、破産管財人が認め、かつ、届出をした破産債権者が一般調査期間内若しくは特別調査期間内又は一般調査期日若しくは特別調査期日において異議を述べなかったときは、確定する。
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Article 124(1)The particulars set forth in the items of Article 117, paragraph (1) (excluding item (iv)) are finalized if, in the investigation of bankruptcy claims, they are approved by a bankruptcy trustee and no objection is made by any holder of filed bankruptcy claim during the ordinary period for investigation or special period for investigation or on the ordinary date of investigation or special date of investigation.
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(破産債権査定決定)
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(Orders for Bankruptcy Claim Assessment)
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第百二十五条破産債権の調査において、破産債権の額又は優先的破産債権、劣後的破産債権若しくは約定劣後破産債権であるかどうかの別(以下この条及び第百二十七条第一項において「額等」という。)について破産管財人が認めず、又は届出をした破産債権者が異議を述べた場合には、当該破産債権(以下「異議等のある破産債権」という。)を有する破産債権者は、その額等の確定のために、当該破産管財人及び当該異議を述べた届出をした破産債権者(以下この款において「異議者等」という。)の全員を相手方として、裁判所に、その額等についての査定の申立て(以下「破産債権査定申立て」という。)をすることができる。ただし、第百二十七条第一項並びに第百二十九条第一項及び第二項の場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 125(1)If, in an investigation of bankruptcy claims, a bankruptcy trustee has disapproved the amount of a bankruptcy claim or whether the type of the claim is preferred bankruptcy claim, subordinate bankruptcy claim or consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claim (hereinafter referred to as the "amount, etc." in this Article and Article 127, paragraph (1)), or an objection has been made by any holder of filed bankruptcy claim with regard to these matters, the holder of filed bankruptcy claim who holds the bankruptcy claim in question (hereinafter referred to as the "denied or disputed bankruptcy claim"), in order to finalize the amount and type of the claim, may file a petition to the court, against the bankruptcy trustee as well as the holders of filed bankruptcy claim who made the objection (hereinafter referred to as the "denying or disputing party" in this Subsection), for assessment of the amount, etc. of the claim (hereinafter referred to as a "petition for bankruptcy claim assessment");provided, however, that this does not apply in the case referred to in Article 127, paragraph(1) and Article 129 ,paragraphs (1) and (2).
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(2)A petition for bankruptcy claim assessment must be filed within an unextendable period of one month from the last day of the ordinary period for investigation or special period for investigation for the denied or disputed bankruptcy claim or from the ordinary date for investigation or special date of investigation for the claim.
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(3)When a petition for bankruptcy claim assessment is filed, the court must, by an order, make a judicial decision to assess the existence or nonexistence of the denied or disputed bankruptcy claim and its amount, etc. (hereinafter referred to as a "bankruptcy claim assessment order" in the following paragraph), except when the court dismisses the petition as unlawful without prejudice.
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(破産債権査定申立てについての決定に対する異議の訴え)
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(Action Against an Order on Petition for Bankruptcy Claim Assessment)
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第百二十六条破産債権査定申立てについての決定に不服がある者は、その送達を受けた日から一月の不変期間内に、異議の訴え(以下「破産債権査定異議の訴え」という。)を提起することができる。
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Article 126(1)A person who is dissatisfied with an order on a petition for bankruptcy claim assessment may file an action to oppose (hereinafter referred to as an "action to oppose a bankruptcy claim assessment") within an unextendable period of one month after the day on which the person received service of the order.
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(3)The court of first instance with which an action to oppose a bankruptcy claim assessment is filed may, when it finds it necessary in order to avoid substantial detriment or delay in cases in which the bankruptcy court's jurisdiction over the bankruptcy case is based on only the provisions of Article 5, paragraph (8) or (9) (including cases in which the bankruptcy court has accepted the bankruptcy case transferred to it pursuant to the provisions of Article 7, item (iv) and the acceptance of the transferred case is based on only the provisions of Article 7 ,item (iv), sub-item (b) or (c)), by its own authority transfer the suit pertaining to the action to oppose the bankruptcy claim assessment to the district court prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (1) (or the district court prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (2) if there is no such court that corresponds to the court prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (1)), notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
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(4)In an action to oppose bankruptcy claim assessment, all of the denying or disputing parties must stand as defendants if the action is filed by the bankruptcy creditor who holds the denied or disputed bankruptcy claim, and the bankruptcy creditor must stand as a defendant if it is filed by a denying or disputing party.
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(6)If two or more actions to oppose bankruptcy claim assessment are pending with respect to the same bankruptcy claim concurrently, oral arguments and judicial decisions of these actions must be made in a consolidated manner. In such a case, the provisions of Article 40, paragraphs (1) through (3) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis.
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(異議等のある破産債権に関する訴訟の受継)
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(Taking Over of Actions Relating to Denied or Disputed Bankruptcy Claims)
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第百二十七条異議等のある破産債権に関し破産手続開始当時訴訟が係属する場合において、破産債権者がその額等の確定を求めようとするときは、異議者等の全員を当該訴訟の相手方として、訴訟手続の受継の申立てをしなければならない。
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Article 127(1)When an action relating to a denied or disputed bankruptcy claim is pending at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, when a bankruptcy creditor seeks the finalization of the amount, etc. of the claim, the creditor must file a petition for taking over of action, designating all of the denying or disputing partys as the opponents.
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(主張の制限)
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(Limitations to Assertion)
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第百二十八条破産債権査定申立てに係る査定の手続又は破産債権査定異議の訴えの提起若しくは前条第一項の規定による受継に係る訴訟手続においては、破産債権者は、異議等のある破産債権についての第百十一条第一項第一号から第三号までに掲げる事項について、破産債権者表に記載されている事項のみを主張することができる。
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Article 128In proceedings for assessment based on a petition for bankruptcy claim assessment or court proceedings of an action to oppose bankruptcy claim assessment or court proceedings of an action taken over under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, a bankruptcy creditor may assert the particulars set forth in Article 111, paragraph (1), items (i) through (iii) concerning the denied or disputed bankruptcy claim, only as entered in the schedule of bankruptcy creditors.
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(執行力ある債務名義のある債権等に対する異議の主張)
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(Assertion of an Objection to a Claim with an Enforceable Title of Obligation)
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第百二十九条異議等のある破産債権のうち執行力ある債務名義又は終局判決のあるものについては、異議者等は、破産者がすることのできる訴訟手続によってのみ、異議を主張することができる。
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Article 129(1)With regard to a denied or disputed bankruptcy claim accompanied by an enforceable title of obligation or final judgment, the denying or disputing party may assert an objection only through the court proceedings that the bankrupt may carry out.
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(2)When an action relating to the denied or disputed bankruptcy claim prescribed in the preceding paragraph is pending at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, when the denying or disputing party set forth in that paragraph seeks to assert an objection under the provisions of that paragraph, the denying or disputing party must take over the action in which the bankruptcy creditor who holds the bankruptcy claim in question stands as the opponent.
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(3)The provisions of Article 125, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to the assertion of an objection under the provisions of paragraph (1) or the taking over of action under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and the provisions of Article 126, paragraphs (5) and (6) and the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the cases referred to in the preceding two paragraphs. In such cases, the phrase "the period set forth in paragraph (1)" in Article 126, paragraph (5) is deemed to be replaced with "an unextendable period of one month from the last day of the ordinary period for investigation, or special period for investigation for the denied or disputed bankruptcy claim or from the ordinary date of investigation or special date of investigation for the claim."
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(4)When the assertion of an objection under the provisions of paragraph (1) or the taking over of action under the provisions of paragraph (2) has not taken place within the period prescribed in Article 125, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph, if the denying or disputing party is a bankruptcy creditor, it is deemed that no objection under Article 118, paragraph (1), Article 119, paragraph (5), or Article 121, paragraph (2) has been made (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 121, paragraph (7) or Article 122, paragraph (2)), and if the denying or disputing party is a bankruptcy trustee, it is deemed that the bankruptcy trustee has approved the bankruptcy claim in question.
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(破産債権の確定に関する訴訟の結果の記載)
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(Entry of the Outcome of an Action Concerning the Finalization of a Bankruptcy Claim)
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第百三十条裁判所書記官は、破産管財人又は破産債権者の申立てにより、破産債権の確定に関する訴訟の結果(破産債権査定申立てについての決定に対する破産債権査定異議の訴えが、第百二十六条第一項に規定する期間内に提起されなかったとき、又は却下されたときは、当該決定の内容)を破産債権者表に記載しなければならない。
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Article 130A court clerk must, upon the petition of a bankruptcy trustee or a bankruptcy creditor, make an entry in the schedule of bankruptcy creditors, of the outcome of an action concerning the finalization of a bankruptcy claim (if an action to oppose bankruptcy claim assessment against an order on a petition for bankruptcy claim assessment is not filed within the period prescribed in Article 126, paragraph (1) or is dismissed without prejudice, the content of that order).
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(破産債権の確定に関する訴訟の判決等の効力)
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(Effect of a Judgment on an Action Concerning the Finalization of a Bankruptcy Claim)
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第百三十一条破産債権の確定に関する訴訟についてした判決は、破産債権者の全員に対して、その効力を有する。
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Article 131(1)A judgment made upon an action concerning the finalization of a bankruptcy claim is effective against all bankruptcy creditors.
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(2)If an action to oppose bankruptcy claim assessment against an order on a petition for bankruptcy claim assessment is not filed within the period prescribed in Article 126, paragraph (1) or is dismissed, the order has the same effect as a final and binding judgment against all bankruptcy creditors.
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(訴訟費用の償還)
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(Reimbursement of Court Costs)
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第百三十二条破産財団が破産債権の確定に関する訴訟(破産債権査定申立てについての決定を含む。)によって利益を受けたときは、異議を主張した破産債権者は、その利益の限度において財団債権者として訴訟費用の償還を請求することができる。
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Article 132When the bankruptcy estate has been enriched from an action concerning the finalization of a bankruptcy claim (including an order on a petition for bankruptcy claim assessment), the bankruptcy creditor who asserted an objection, as a holder of claim on the estate, may claim reimbursement of court costs to the extent that the bankruptcy estate has been enriched.
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(破産手続終了の場合における破産債権の確定手続の取扱い)
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(Handling of the Proceedings for Finalization of a Bankruptcy Claim upon Closing of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第百三十三条破産手続が終了した際現に係属する破産債権査定申立ての手続は、破産手続開始の決定の取消し又は破産手続廃止の決定の確定により破産手続が終了したときは終了するものとし、破産手続終結の決定により破産手続が終了したときは引き続き係属するものとする。
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Article 133(1)Proceedings for petition for bankruptcy claim assessment which are pending at the time of the closing of bankruptcy proceedings is to be closed if the closing of bankruptcy proceedings results from an order of revocation of the order of commencment of bankruptcy proceedings or an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings, which has become final and binding, and is to continue to be pending if the closing of bankruptcy proceedings results from an order of termination of bankruptcy proceedings.
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(2)Where bankruptcy proceedings are closed as a result of an order of termination of bankruptcy proceedings, if an order on a petition for bankruptcy claim assessment is made after the closing of bankruptcy proceedings, an action to oppose bankruptcy claim assessment may be filed pursuant to the provisions of Article 126, paragraph (1).
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(3)An action to oppose bankruptcy claim assessment or action taken over pursuant to the provisions of Article 127,paragraph (1) or Article 129,paragraph (2), which is pending at the time of closing of bankruptcy proceedings and in which a bankruptcy trustee stands as a party, is not to be discontinued, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 44, paragraph (4), if the closing of bankruptcy proceedings results from an order of termination of bankruptcy proceedings.
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(4)An action to oppose bankruptcy claim assessment, which is pending at the time of closing of bankruptcy proceedings and in which a bankruptcy trustee does not stand as a party, is to be concluded if the closing of bankruptcy proceedings results from an order of revocation of the order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings or an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings, which has become final and binding, and continue to be pend if the closing of bankruptcy proceedings results from an order of termination of bankruptcy proceedings.
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(5)An action taken over pursuant to the provisions of Article 127, paragraph (1) or Article 129, paragraph (2) which is pending at the time of closing of bankruptcy proceedings and in which a bankruptcy trustee does not stand as a party is discontinued if the closing of bankruptcy proceedings results from an order of revocation of the order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings or an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings, which has become final and binding, and is to continue to be pend if the closing of bankruptcy proceedings results from an order of termination of bankruptcy proceedings.
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第五款 租税等の請求権等についての特例
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Subsection 5 Special Provisions for Tax Claims
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(2)When the cause of a claim (excluding claims for a fine, petty fine, and court costs for a criminal case) filed under the provisions of Article 114 (in the case of a claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance, a decision of implementation of mutual assistance) is a disposition against which a request for review, action (excluding a criminal action; the same applies in the following paragraph) or any other appeal may be filed, a bankruptcy trustee may assert an objection with regard to the filed claim by a means of filing such an appeal.
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(3)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if an action relating to the filed claim is pending at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, a bankruptcy trustee who seeks to assert an objection prescribed in that paragraph must take over the action in which the bankruptcy creditor who holds the filed claim stands as the opponent. The same applies when a case relating to the bankruptcy estate is pending before an administrative agency with regard to the filed claim at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
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(4)The assertion of an objection under the provisions of paragraph (2) or the taking over of action under the provisions of the preceding paragraph must be performed within an unextendable period of one month after the day on which a bankruptcy trustee came to know the fact of the filing prescribed in paragraph (2).
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(5)The provisions of Article 124, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a claim filed pursuant to the provisions of Article 114, and the provisions of Article 128, Article 130, Article 131, paragraph (1), and paragraph (3) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to cases where the assertion of an objection under the provisions of paragraph (2) or the taking over of action under the provisions of paragraph (3) has taken place.
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第四節 債権者集会及び債権者委員会
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Section 4 Creditor Meetings and Creditor Committees
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第一款 債権者集会
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Subsection 1 Creditor Meetings
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(債権者集会の招集)
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(Convocation of Creditor Meetings)
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第百三十五条裁判所は、次の各号に掲げる者のいずれかの申立てがあった場合には、債権者集会を招集しなければならない。ただし、知れている破産債権者の数その他の事情を考慮して債権者集会を招集することを相当でないと認めるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 135(1)The court must convoke a creditors meeting upon the petition of any of the persons set forth in the following items;provided, however, that this does not apply when the court finds it inappropriate to convoke a creditors meeting taking into consideration the number of known bankruptcy creditors and other circumstances concerned:
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一破産管財人
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(i)a bankruptcy trustee;
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二第百四十四条第二項に規定する債権者委員会
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(ii)the creditors committee prescribed in Article 144 (2); or
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三知れている破産債権者の総債権について裁判所が評価した額の十分の一以上に当たる破産債権を有する破産債権者
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(iii)a bankruptcy creditor who holds a bankruptcy claim that accounts for one-tenth or more of the amount of total claims held by known bankruptcy creditors as estimated by the court.
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(債権者集会の期日の呼出し等)
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(Summon on the Date of Creditor Meetings)
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第百三十六条債権者集会の期日には、破産管財人、破産者及び届出をした破産債権者を呼び出さなければならない。ただし、第三十一条第五項の決定があったときは、届出をした破産債権者を呼び出すことを要しない。
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Article 136(1)On the date of a creditors meeting, a bankruptcy trustee, the bankrupt, and holders of filed bankruptcy claims must be summoned;provided, however, that when the order set forth in Article 31, paragraph (5) is made, holders of filed bankruptcy claims do not be required to be summoned.
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(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of the main clause of the preceding paragraph, it is allowed not to summon holders of filed bankruptcy claims who may not exercise their voting rights. In the case of a meeting for reporting the status of property, the same applies to persons who are given a notice pursuant to the provisions of Article 32, paragraph (3).
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(3)The court must make a public notice and give a notice of the date of a meeting for reporting the status of property pursuant to the provisions of Article 32, paragraph (1), item (iii) and paragraph (3), and must also make a public notice of the date of each creditor meeting (excluding a meeting for reporting the status of property; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) and the subject matter of the meeting, and give a notice of the date of each creditor meeting to the labor union, etc.
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(債権者集会の指揮)
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(Direction of Creditor Meetings)
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第百三十七条債権者集会は、裁判所が指揮する。
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Article 137Creditor meetings are directed by the court.
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(債権者集会の決議)
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(Resolution at Creditor Meetings)
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第百三十八条債権者集会の決議を要する事項を可決するには、議決権を行使することができる破産債権者(以下この款において「議決権者」という。)で債権者集会の期日に出席し又は次条第二項第二号に規定する書面等投票をしたものの議決権の総額の二分の一を超える議決権を有する者の同意がなければならない。
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Article 138In order to adopt a matter that requires a resolution at a creditor meeting, consent is required from persons whose voting rights account for more than half of the total amount of voting rights held by bankruptcy creditors who may exercise voting rights (hereinafter referred to as "voting right holders" in this Subsection) and attended a creditor meeting on the date set or voted by document, etc. as prescribed in paragraph (2), item (ii) of the following Article.
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(決議に付する旨の決定)
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(Order to Refer to a Resolution)
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第百三十九条裁判所は、第百三十五条第一項各号に掲げる者が債権者集会の決議を要する事項を決議に付することを目的として同項本文の申立てをしたときは、当該事項を債権者集会の決議に付する旨の決定をする。
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Article 139(1)The court, when a person set forth in each item of Article 135, paragraph (1) has filed a petition set forth in the main clause of Article 135, paragraph (1) for the purpose of referring a matter that requires a resolution at a creditor meeting to a resolution, makes an order that the matter is to be referred to a resolution at a creditors meeting.
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一債権者集会の期日において議決権を行使する方法
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(i)means of exercising a voting right on the date of a creditor meeting;
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二書面等投票(書面その他の最高裁判所規則で定める方法のうち裁判所の定めるものによる投票をいう。)により裁判所の定める期間内に議決権を行使する方法
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(ii)means of exercising a voting right by voting by document, etc. within a period specified by the court (meaning voting by document or any other means specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court); or
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三前二号に掲げる方法のうち議決権者が選択するものにより議決権を行使する方法。この場合において、前号の期間の末日は、第一号の債権者集会の期日より前の日でなければならない。
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(iii)means of exercising a voting right by either of the means set forth in the preceding two items voting right holders selects. In such a case, the last day of the period referred to in the preceding item must precede the date of a creditor meeting referred to in item (i).
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(3)The court must, when it has determined the means set forth in item (ii) or (iii) of the preceding paragraph as that for exercising a voting right, make a public notice to that effect, and give a notice to voting right holders that voting by document, etc. prescribed in item (ii) of that paragraph is allowed only within a period specified by the court;provided, however, that the notice is not required to be given if an order referred to in Article 31, paragaraph (5) is made.
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(債権者集会の期日を開く場合における議決権の額の定め方等)
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(Means of Determining the Amount of a Voting Right in Which a Creditor Meeting Is to Be Held on the Date Set)
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第百四十条裁判所が議決権行使の方法として前条第二項第一号又は第三号に掲げる方法を定めた場合においては、議決権者は、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、当該各号に定める額に応じて、議決権を行使することができる。
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Article 140(1)When the court designates the means set forth in paragraph (2), item (ii) or (iii) of the preceding Article as that for exercising a voting right, voting right holders may exercise their voting rights in accordance with the amount specified in each of the following items in accordance with the category set forth in the respective items:
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一前節第四款の規定によりその額が確定した破産債権を有する届出をした破産債権者(別除権者、準別除権者又は停止条件付債権若しくは将来の請求権である破産債権を有する者(次項及び次条第一項第一号において「別除権者等」という。)を除く。)確定した破産債権の額
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(i)a holder of filed bankruptcy claim who holds a bankruptcy claim, the amount of which is finalized pursuant to the provisions of Subsection 4 of the preceding Section (excluding a holder of a right of separate satisfaction, holder of a quasi-right of separate satisfaction or person who holds a bankruptcy claim that is a claim subject to a condition precedent, or a claim which may arise in the future (referred to as a "holder of a right of separate satisfaction, etc." in the following paragraph and paragraph (1), item(i) of the following Article)):the amount of the bankruptcy claim finalized;
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二次項本文の異議のない議決権を有する届出をした破産債権者届出の額(別除権者又は準別除権者にあっては、第百十一条第二項第二号(同条第三項又は第百十四条において準用する場合を含む。)に掲げる額)
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(ii)a holder of a filed bankruptcy claim who holds a voting right without objection referred to in the main clause of the following paragraph:the amount filed (in the case of a holder of a right of separate satisfaction or holder of a quasi-right of separate satisfaction, the amount set forth in Article 111, paragraph (2), item (ii) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 111, paragraph (3) or Article 114)); or
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三次項本文の異議のある議決権を有する届出をした破産債権者裁判所が定める額。ただし、裁判所が議決権を行使させない旨を定めたときは、議決権を行使することができない。
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(iii)a holder of filed bankruptcy claim who holds a voting right subject to objection referred to in the main clause of the following paragraph:the amount determined by the court;provided, however, that a holder of filed bankruptcy claim may not exercise their voting right if the court has decided not to allow them to exercise the voting right.
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(2)A bankruptcy trustee or holder of a filed bankruptcy claim may make an objection on the date of a creditor meeting against a voting right of a holder of a filed bankruptcy claim under the provisions of the preceding paragraph;provided, however, that this does not apply to a voting right held by a holder of a filed bankruptcy claim (excluding a holder of a right of separate satisfaction, etc.) who holds a bankruptcy claim the amount of which is finalized pursuant to the provisions of Subsection 4 of the preceding Section.
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(債権者集会の期日を開かない場合における議決権の額の定め方等)
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(Means of Determining the Amount of a Voting Right in Which a Creditor Meeting Is Not to Be Held on the Date Set)
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第百四十一条裁判所が議決権行使の方法として第百三十九条第二項第二号に掲げる方法を定めた場合においては、議決権者は、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、当該各号に定める額に応じて、議決権を行使することができる。
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Article 141(1)When the court determines the means set forth in Article 139, paragraph (2), item (ii) as the means for exercising a voting right, voting right holders may exercise their voting rights in accordance with the amount specified in each of the following items in accordance with the category set forth in the respective items:
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一前節第四款の規定により破産債権の額が確定した破産債権を有する届出をした破産債権者(別除権者等を除く。)確定した破産債権の額
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(i)a holder of a filed bankruptcy claim who holds a bankruptcy claim the amount of which is finalized pursuant to the provisions of Subsection 4 of the preceding Section (excluding a holder of a right of separate satisfaction, etc.):the amount of the bankruptcy claim finalized; or
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二届出をした破産債権者(前号に掲げるものを除く。)裁判所が定める額。ただし、裁判所が議決権を行使させない旨を定めたときは、議決権を行使することができない。
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(ii)a holder of a filed bankruptcy claim (excluding one set forth in the preceding item):the amount specified by the court;provided, however, that a holder of a filed bankruptcy claim may not exercise their voting right if the court has determined not to allow them to exercise the voting right.
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(破産債権者の議決権)
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(Voting Rights of Bankruptcy Creditors)
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第百四十二条破産債権者は、劣後的破産債権及び約定劣後破産債権については、議決権を有しない。
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Article 142(1)A bankruptcy creditor does not have any voting right with regard to a subordinate bankruptcy claim or consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claim.
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(代理人による議決権行使)
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(Exercise of Voting Rights by Proxy)
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第百四十三条議決権者は、代理人をもってその議決権を行使することができる。
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Article 143Voting right holders may exercise their voting rights by proxy.
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第二款 債権者委員会
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Subsection 2 Creditor Committees
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(債権者委員会)
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(Creditor Committees)
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第百四十四条裁判所は、破産債権者をもって構成する委員会がある場合には、利害関係人の申立てにより、当該委員会が、この法律の定めるところにより、破産手続に関与することを承認することができる。ただし、次の各号のいずれにも該当する場合に限る。
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Article 144(1)When there is a committee consisting of bankruptcy creditors, the court may, upon the petition of an interested person, approve the participation of the committee in bankruptcy proceedings as provided for by this Act;provided, however, that this applies only when all of the conditions referred to in the following items are met:
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一委員の数が、三人以上最高裁判所規則で定める人数以内であること。
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(i)the number of committee members is not less than three and not more than the number specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court;
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二破産債権者の過半数が当該委員会が破産手続に関与することについて同意していると認められること。
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(ii)it is found that the majority of bankruptcy creditors consent to the committee's participation in bankruptcy proceedings; and
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三当該委員会が破産債権者全体の利益を適切に代表すると認められること。
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(iii)it is found that the committee properly represents the interest of bankruptcy creditors as a whole.
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(4)When it is found that the creditor committee has carried out activities that contribute to ensuring smooth progress of bankruptcy proceedings, the court may, upon the petition of a bankruptcy creditor who has incurred necessary expenses for the activities, permit reimbursement of the amount of expenses which it finds reasonable to the bankruptcy creditor from the bankruptcy estate. In such a case, a claim for the expenses is to be a claim on the estate.
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(債権者委員会の意見聴取)
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(Hearing of Opinions of the Creditor Committee)
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第百四十五条裁判所書記官は、前条第一項の規定による承認があったときは、遅滞なく、破産管財人に対して、その旨を通知しなければならない。
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Article 145(1)A court clerk must, when approval is given pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, notify a bankruptcy trustee to that effect without delay.
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(破産管財人の債権者委員会に対する報告義務)
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(Bankruptcy Trustee's Duty to Report to the Creditors Committee)
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第百四十六条破産管財人は、第百五十三条第二項又は第百五十七条の規定により報告書等(報告書、財産目録又は貸借対照表をいう。以下この条において同じ。)を裁判所に提出したときは、遅滞なく、当該報告書等を債権者委員会にも提出しなければならない。
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Article 146(1)When a bankruptcy trustee has submitted written reports, etc. (meaning written reports, inventories of assets, or balance sheets; hereinafter the same applies in this Article) to the court pursuant to the provisions of Article 153, paragraph (2) or Article 157, the bankrupcy trustee must also submit the written reports, etc. to the creditor committee without delay.
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(2)When a bankruptcy trustee, in the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, has filed a petition referred to in Article 12, paragraph (1) alleging that the written reports, etc. contain a detrimental part prescribed in Article 12, paragraph (1), it is sufficient for the bankruptcy trustee to submit the written reports, etc. excluding that part to the creditor committee.
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(破産管財人に対する報告命令)
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(Report Order to Bankruptcy Trustees)
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第百四十七条債権者委員会は、破産債権者全体の利益のために必要があるときは、裁判所に対し、破産管財人に破産財団に属する財産の管理及び処分に関し必要な事項について第百五十七条第二項の規定による報告をすることを命ずるよう申し出ることができる。
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Article 147(1)The creditor committee may, when it is necessary for the interest of bankruptcy creditors as a whole, request the court to order that a bankruptcy trustee make a report pursuant to the provisions of Article 157, paragraph (2) with regard to the necessary particculars concerning the administration and disposal of property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate.
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第五章 財団債権
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Chapter V Claims on the Estate
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(財団債権となる請求権)
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(Claims Classified as Claims on the Estate)
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第百四十八条次に掲げる請求権は、財団債権とする。
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Article 148(1)The following claims are claims on the estate:
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一破産債権者の共同の利益のためにする裁判上の費用の請求権
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(i)a claim for expenses for court proceedings performed for the common interest of bankruptcy creditors;
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二破産財団の管理、換価及び配当に関する費用の請求権
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(ii)a claim for expenses for the administration, realization, and distribution of the bankruptcy estate;
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三破産手続開始前の原因に基づいて生じた租税等の請求権(共助対象外国租税の請求権及び第九十七条第五号に掲げる請求権を除く。)であって、破産手続開始当時、まだ納期限の到来していないもの又は納期限から一年(その期間中に包括的禁止命令が発せられたことにより国税滞納処分をすることができない期間がある場合には、当該期間を除く。)を経過していないもの
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(iii)a claim for tax, etc. arising from a reason that has occurred before the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings (excluding a claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance and the claim set forth in Article 97, item (v)), for which, by the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, the due date of payment has not arrived or one year has not elapsed after the due date of payment (if a collection of national tax delinquency may not be made for a certain part of the one-year period due to the issuance of a comprehensive stay order during that period, such part of the period is excluded);
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四破産財団に関し破産管財人がした行為によって生じた請求権
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(iv)a claim arising from an act conducted by a bankruptcy trustee with respect to the bankruptcy estate;
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五事務管理又は不当利得により破産手続開始後に破産財団に対して生じた請求権
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(v)a claim arising against the bankruptcy estate after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings from management of affairs or unjust enrichment;
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六委任の終了又は代理権の消滅の後、急迫の事情があるためにした行為によって破産手続開始後に破産財団に対して生じた請求権
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(vi)a claim arising against the bankruptcy estate after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings from an act conducted due to pressing circumstances after the termination of the mandate or extinguishment of the authority of representation;
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七第五十三条第一項の規定により破産管財人が債務の履行をする場合において相手方が有する請求権
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(vii)a claim held by the counterparty when a bankruptcy trustee performs the obligation pursuant to the provisions of Article 53, paragraph (1); and
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八破産手続の開始によって双務契約の解約の申入れ(第五十三条第一項又は第二項の規定による賃貸借契約の解除を含む。)があった場合において破産手続開始後その契約の終了に至るまでの間に生じた請求権
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(viii)a claim arising, when a notice of termination of an executory contract (including termination of a lease contract pursuant to the provisions of Article 53, paragraph (1) or (2)) is given by reason of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, during the period after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings until the end of the contract.
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(3)The provisions of Article 103, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the claims on the estate prescribed in paragraph (1), item (vii) and the preceding paragraph. In such a case, if the claim on the estate is a claim without interest or claim for periodic payments, the amount of the claim is the amount obtained by deducting an amount equivalent to the part of the claim that is a subordinate bankruptcy claim set forth in Article 99, paragraph (1), items (ii) through (iv), should the claim be treated as a bankruptcy claim.
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(使用人の給料等)
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(Salaries for Employees)
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第百四十九条破産手続開始前三月間の破産者の使用人の給料の請求権は、財団債権とする。
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Article 149(1)A claim for the salary of employees of the bankrupt for the three months preceding the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is to be a claim on the estate.
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(2)A claim for a retirement allowance of an employee of the bankrupt who has retired prior to the closing of bankruptcy proceedings (excluding the part of the claim that is to be a subordinate bankruptcy claim when the whole amount of the claim is treated as a bankruptcy claim) is a claim on the estate for an amount equivalent to the total amount of the employee's salary for the three months preceding retirement (if that amount is less than the total amount of the employee's salary for the three months preceding the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, the total amount for the three months preceding the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings).
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(社債管理者等の費用及び報酬)
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(Expenses and Remuneration for Bond Administrators)
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第百五十条社債管理者が破産債権である社債の管理に関する事務を行おうとする場合には、裁判所は、破産手続の円滑な進行を図るために必要があると認めるときは、当該社債管理者の当該事務の処理に要する費用の請求権を財団債権とする旨の許可をすることができる。
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Article 150(1)When a bond administrator seeks to administer the affairs concerning the administration of corporate bonds that are bankruptcy claims, the court may, when it finds it necessary in order to ensure smooth progress of bankruptcy proceedings, grant permission to the effect that the bond administrator's claim for expenses to be incurred for the administration of the affairs is to be a claim on the estate.
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(2)Even when a bond administrator has administered the affairs concerning the administration of corporate bonds that are bankruptcy claims without obtaining the permission referred to in the preceding paragraph, the court may, if it is found that the bond administrator has contributed to ensuring smooth progress of bankruptcy proceedings, grant permission to the effect that a claim for reimbursement of the expenses incurred for the administration of the affairs is to be a claim on the estate for an amount that the court finds reasonable by taking into consideration the degree of contribution.
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(6)The provisions of the preceding paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to a claim for expenses or remuneration that arises from the affairs concerning the administration of a claim set forth in each of the following items, which is a bankruptcy claim, in accordance with the category of the persons set forth in the respective items:
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一担保付社債信託法(明治三十八年法律第五十二号)第二条第一項に規定する信託契約の受託会社同項に規定する社債
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(i)a trustee company under a trust agreement prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Secured Bond Trust Act (Act No. 52 of 1905):corporate bonds prescribed in that paragraph;
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二医療法(昭和二十三年法律第二百五号)第五十四条の五に規定する社会医療法人債管理者同法第五十四条の二第一項に規定する社会医療法人債
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(ii)a social medical corporation bond administrator prescribed in Article 54-5 of the Medical Care Act (Act No. 205 of 1948):social medical corporation bonds prescribed in Article 54-2, paragraph (1) of that Act;
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三投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律(昭和二十六年法律第百九十八号)第百三十九条の八に規定する投資法人債管理者同法第二条第十七項に規定する投資法人債
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(iii)an investment corporation bond administrator prescribed in Article 139-8 of the Act on Investment Trusts and Investment Corporations (Act No. 198 of 1951):investment corporation bonds prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (17) of that Act;
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四保険業法第六十一条の六に規定する社債管理者相互会社が発行する社債
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(iv)a bond administrator prescribed in Article 61-6 of the Insurance Business Act:corporate bonds issued by a mutual company; or
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五資産の流動化に関する法律(平成十年法律第百五号)第百二十六条に規定する特定社債管理者同法第二条第七項に規定する特定社債
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(v)a specified corporate bond administrator prescribed in Article 126 of the Act on Securitization of Assets (Act No. 105 of 1998):specified corporate bonds prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (7) of that Act.
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(財団債権の取扱い)
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(Handling of Claims on the Estate)
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第百五十一条財団債権は、破産債権に先立って、弁済する。
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Article 151Claims on the estate is paid in preference to bankruptcy claims.
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(破産財団不足の場合の弁済方法等)
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(Means of Payment from an Insufficient Bankruptcy Estate)
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第百五十二条破産財団が財団債権の総額を弁済するのに足りないことが明らかになった場合における財団債権は、法令に定める優先権にかかわらず、債権額の割合により弁済する。ただし、財団債権を被担保債権とする留置権、特別の先取特権、質権又は抵当権の効力を妨げない。
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Article 152(1)When it has become obvious that a bankruptcy estate is insufficient for paying the total amount of claims on the estate, the bankruptcy estate makes the payment in proportion to the amount of each claim, notwithstanding any priorities specified in laws and regulations;provided, however, that this does not preclude the effect of any right of retention, special statutory lien, pledge, or mortgage that is intended to secure a claim on the estate.
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(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, claims on the estate set forth in Article 148, paragraph (1), items (i) and (ii) (including a claim for expenses for the administration and realization of a debtor's property, which is prescribed in paragraph (4) of that Article), is paid prior to other claims on the estate in the case prescribed in the main clause of that paragraph,.
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第六章 破産財団の管理
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Chapter VI Administration of Bankruptcy Estates
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第一節 破産者の財産状況の調査
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Section 1 Investigation of the Status of the Bankrupt's Property
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(財産の価額の評定等)
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(Evaluation of Value of Properties)
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第百五十三条破産管財人は、破産手続開始後遅滞なく、破産財団に属する一切の財産につき、破産手続開始の時における価額を評定しなければならない。この場合においては、破産者をその評定に立ち会わせることができる。
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Article 153(1)A bankruptcy trustee must, without delay after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, evaluate the value of any and all of the property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings. In such a case, the bankruptcy trustee may have the bankrupt attend the evaluation.
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(3)If the total amount of property that belongs to a bankruptcy estate is less than the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court, a bankruptcy trustee may, with the permission of the court, choose not to prepare and submit the balance sheet referred to in that paragraph, notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
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(別除権の目的の提示等)
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(Presentation of the Collateral for the Right of Separate Satisfaction)
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第百五十四条破産管財人は、別除権者に対し、当該別除権の目的である財産の提示を求めることができる。
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Article 154(1)A bankruptcy trustee may request a holder of a right of separate satisfaction to present the collateral for the right of separate satisfaction.
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(封印及び帳簿の閉鎖)
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(Sealing and Closing of Books)
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第百五十五条破産管財人は、必要があると認めるときは、裁判所書記官、執行官又は公証人に、破産財団に属する財産に封印をさせ、又はその封印を除去させることができる。
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Article 155(1)A bankruptcy trustee may, when they find it necessary, have a court clerk, court execution officer, or notary put a seal on property that belongs to a bankruptcy estate or remove the seal.
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(破産財団に属する財産の引渡し)
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(Delivery of Property Belonging to a Bankruptcy Estate)
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第百五十六条裁判所は、破産管財人の申立てにより、決定で、破産者に対し、破産財団に属する財産を破産管財人に引き渡すべき旨を命ずることができる。
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Article 156(1)The court may issue a ruling ordering that the bankrupt deliver property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate to the bankruptcy trustee upon the petition of a bankruptcy trustee.
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(4)When a judicial decision on the ruling on the petition referred to in paragraph (1) and on the immediate appeal referred to in the preceding paragraph are made, the written judgments must be served upon the parties concerned. In such a case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
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(裁判所への報告)
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(Reports to the Court)
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第百五十七条破産管財人は、破産手続開始後遅滞なく、次に掲げる事項を記載した報告書を、裁判所に提出しなければならない。
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Article 157(1)A bankruptcy trustee must, without delay after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, submit a written report stating the following particulars to the court:
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一破産手続開始に至った事情
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(i)the circumstances that have resulted in the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings;
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二破産者及び破産財団に関する経過及び現状
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(ii)the past and existing status of the bankrupt and the bankruptcy estate;
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三第百七十七条第一項の規定による保全処分又は第百七十八条第一項に規定する役員責任査定決定を必要とする事情の有無
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(iii)whether or not there are circumstances that require a provisional order pursuant to the provisions of Article 177, paragraph (1) or officer's liability assessment order prescribed in Article 178, paragraph (1); and
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四その他破産手続に関し必要な事項
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(iv)other necessary particulars concerning bankruptcy proceedings.
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(財産状況報告集会への報告)
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(Reports to Meetings for Reporting the Status of Property)
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第百五十八条財産状況報告集会においては、破産管財人は、前条第一項各号に掲げる事項の要旨を報告しなければならない。
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Article 158At a meeting for reporting the status of property, a bankruptcy trustee must report the outline of the particulars set forth in the items of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
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(債権者集会への報告)
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(Reports to Creditor Meetings)
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第百五十九条破産管財人は、債権者集会がその決議で定めるところにより、破産財団の状況を債権者集会に報告しなければならない。
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Article 159A bankruptcy trustee must, as determined by a resolution at a creditor meeting, report the status of the bankruptcy estate to the creditors meeting.
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第二節 否認権
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Section 2 Right of Avoidance
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(破産債権者を害する行為の否認)
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(Avoidance of Acts Prejudicial to Bankruptcy Creditors)
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第百六十条次に掲げる行為(担保の供与又は債務の消滅に関する行為を除く。)は、破産手続開始後、破産財団のために否認することができる。
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Article 160(1)The following acts (excluding acts concerning the provisions of security or extinguishment of debt) may be avoided in the interest of the bankruptcy estate after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings:
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一破産者が破産債権者を害することを知ってした行為。ただし、これによって利益を受けた者が、その行為の当時、破産債権者を害する事実を知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
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(i)an act conducted by the bankrupt with the knowledge that it would prejudice bankruptcy creditors;provided, however, that this does not apply when the person who has benefited from the act did not know at the time of the act, the fact that it would prejudice a bankruptcy creditor; or
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二破産者が支払の停止又は破産手続開始の申立て(以下この節において「支払の停止等」という。)があった後にした破産債権者を害する行為。ただし、これによって利益を受けた者が、その行為の当時、支払の停止等があったこと及び破産債権者を害する事実を知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
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(ii)an act that would prejudice bankruptcy creditors conducted by the bankrupt after the suspension of payments or filing of a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings (hereinafter referred to as "suspension of payments, etc." in this Section) has taken place;provided, however, that this does not apply when the person who has benefited from the act did not know at the time of the act, the fact that suspension of payments, etc. had taken place nor the fact that the act would prejudice a bankruptcy creditor.
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(2)With respect to an act concerning the extinguishment of debt conducted by the bankrupt, if the value of the performance received by the creditor exceeds the amount of the debt extinguished by the act, and the act satisfies any of the requirements set forth in the items of the preceding paragraph, the act may be avoided in the interest of the bankruptcy estate after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings only with regard to the part other than the part equivalent to the amount of the debt extinguished.
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(相当の対価を得てした財産の処分行為の否認)
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(Avoidance of Acts of Disposing of Property While Receiving Reasonable Consideration)
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第百六十一条破産者が、その有する財産を処分する行為をした場合において、その行為の相手方から相当の対価を取得しているときは、その行為は、次に掲げる要件のいずれにも該当する場合に限り、破産手続開始後、破産財団のために否認することができる。
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Article 161(1)When the bankrupt has, after conducting an act of disposing of property, received reasonable consideration from the other party to the act, the act may be avoided in the interest of the bankruptcy estate after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, if it satisfies all of the following requirements:
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一当該行為が、不動産の金銭への換価その他の当該処分による財産の種類の変更により、破産者において隠匿、無償の供与その他の破産債権者を害する処分(以下この条並びに第百六十八条第二項及び第三項において「隠匿等の処分」という。)をするおそれを現に生じさせるものであること。
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(i)the act has the actual risk that the bankrupt would conceal, gratuitously convey, or otherwise dispose of the property in a manner prejudicial to bankruptcy creditors (hereinafter referred to as "concealing or carrying out other disposal" in this Article and Article 168, paragraphs (2) and (3)) by realizing real property or otherwise changing the type of property through the disposal;
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二破産者が、当該行為の当時、対価として取得した金銭その他の財産について、隠匿等の処分をする意思を有していたこと。
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(ii)the bankrupt had, at the time of the act, the intention of concealing or carrying out other disposal of the money or any other property received as consideration for the act; or
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三相手方が、当該行為の当時、破産者が前号の隠匿等の処分をする意思を有していたことを知っていたこと。
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(iii)the other party had, at the time of the act, knowledge that the bankrupt had the intention of concealing or carrying out other disposal referred to in the preceding item.
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(2)For the purpose of application of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if the other party to the act is any of the following persons, the other party is presumed to have known, at the time of the act, that the bankrupt had the intention of concealing or carrying out other disposal referred to in item (ii) of that paragraph:
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一破産者が法人である場合のその理事、取締役、執行役、監事、監査役、清算人又はこれらに準ずる者
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(i)if the bankrupt is a corporation, its director, company director, executive officer, inspector, company auditor, liquidator, or any other person equivalent to them;
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二破産者が法人である場合にその破産者について次のイからハまでに掲げる者のいずれかに該当する者
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(ii)if the bankrupt is a corporation, a person who falls under any of the persons set forth in the following sub-items (a) through (c) in relation to the bankrupt:
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イ破産者である株式会社の総株主の議決権の過半数を有する者
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(a)a person who holds the majority of voting rights of all shareholders of the stock company that is the bankrupt;
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ロ破産者である株式会社の総株主の議決権の過半数を子株式会社又は親法人及び子株式会社が有する場合における当該親法人
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(b)the parent corporation when the majority of voting rights of all shareholders of the stock company that is the bankrupt are held by its subsidiary stock company or jointly by the parent corporation and its subsidiary stock company;
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ハ株式会社以外の法人が破産者である場合におけるイ又はロに掲げる者に準ずる者
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(c)if the bankrupt is a corporation other than a stock company, a person equivalent to the persons set forth in sub-item (a) or (b);
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三破産者の親族又は同居者
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(iii)the bankrupt's relative or a person living together with the bankrupt.
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(特定の債権者に対する担保の供与等の否認)
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(Avoidance of Provision of Security to Specific Creditors)
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第百六十二条次に掲げる行為(既存の債務についてされた担保の供与又は債務の消滅に関する行為に限る。)は、破産手続開始後、破産財団のために否認することができる。
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Article 162(1)The following acts (limited to acts concerning the provision of security or extinguishment of debt conducted with regard to an existing debt) may be avoided in the interest of the bankruptcy estate after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings:
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一破産者が支払不能になった後又は破産手続開始の申立てがあった後にした行為。ただし、債権者が、その行為の当時、次のイ又はロに掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該イ又はロに定める事実を知っていた場合に限る。
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(i)an act conducted by the bankrupt after becoming unable to pay debts or a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings was filed;provided, however, that this applies only when the creditor had, at the time of the act, known either of the facts specified in the following sub-item (a) or (b) in accordance with the categorry set forth in sub-item (a) or (b), respectively:
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イ当該行為が支払不能になった後にされたものである場合支払不能であったこと又は支払の停止があったこと。
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(a)if the act was conducted after the bankrupt became unable to pay debts:the fact that the bankrupt was unable to pay debts or suspended payments
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ロ当該行為が破産手続開始の申立てがあった後にされたものである場合破産手続開始の申立てがあったこと。
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(b)if the act was conducted after a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings was filed:the fact that a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings was filed; or
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二破産者の義務に属せず、又はその時期が破産者の義務に属しない行為であって、支払不能になる前三十日以内にされたもの。ただし、債権者がその行為の当時他の破産債権者を害する事実を知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
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(ii)an act that is not included in the scope of the bankrupt's obligation in terms of the act itself or the time of performance of the act, which was conducted within 30 days before the bankrupt became unable to pay debts;provided, however, that this does not apply if the creditor did not know, at the time of the act, the fact that the act would prejudice other bankruptcy creditors.
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(2)For the purpose of application of the provisions of item (i) of the preceding paragraph, in the following cases, the creditor is presumed to have known, at the time of the act set forth in that item, either of the facts specified in the following sub-item (a) or (b) in accordance with the category of the case set forth in sub-item (a) or (b), respectively (in the case set forth in sub-item (a) of that item, both the fact that the bankrupt was unable to pay debts and the fact that the bankrupt suspended payments):
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一債権者が前条第二項各号に掲げる者のいずれかである場合
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(i)when the creditor is any of the persons set forth in the items of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article; or
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二前項第一号に掲げる行為が破産者の義務に属せず、又はその方法若しくは時期が破産者の義務に属しないものである場合
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(ii)when the act set forth in item (i) of the preceding paragraph is not included in the scope of the bankrupt's obligation in terms of the act itself or the means taken or time of performance of the act.
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(3)For the purpose of application of the provisions of the items of paragraph (1), after suspension of payments took place (limited to suspension that took place within one year prior to the filing of a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings), the bankrupt is presumed to have been unable to pay debts.
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(手形債務支払の場合等の例外)
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(Exceptions to Payment of Debts on Negotiable Instruments)
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第百六十三条前条第一項第一号の規定は、破産者から手形の支払を受けた者がその支払を受けなければ手形上の債務者の一人又は数人に対する手形上の権利を失う場合には、適用しない。
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Article 163(1)The provisions of paragraph (1), item (i) of the preceding Article do not apply when a person who has received payment of a negotiable instrument from the bankrupt would lose their right on the negotiable instrument against one or more debtors on the negotiable instrument unless the person receives the payment.
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(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the final obligor for reimbursement or the person who had entrusted the drawing of the negotiable instrument had known or was negligent in not knowing, at the time of drawing, the fact that suspension of payments, etc. had taken place, a bankruptcy trustee may have these persons redeem the money paid by the bankrupt to them.
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(3)The provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article do not apply to an act concerning the provision of security or extinguishment of debt, which is conducted by the bankrupt with regard to a claim for tax, etc. (excluding a claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance) or claim for a fine, etc., for the person who has the authority to collect the claim.
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(権利変動の対抗要件の否認)
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(Avoidance of Requirements for Perfection of Changes in Rights)
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第百六十四条支払の停止等があった後権利の設定、移転又は変更をもって第三者に対抗するために必要な行為(仮登記又は仮登録を含む。)をした場合において、その行為が権利の設定、移転又は変更があった日から十五日を経過した後支払の停止等のあったことを知ってしたものであるときは、破産手続開始後、破産財団のためにこれを否認することができる。ただし、当該仮登記又は仮登録以外の仮登記又は仮登録があった後にこれらに基づいて本登記又は本登録をした場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 164(1)When an act necessary to assert the establishment, transfer, or modification of a right against a third party (including a provisional registration) was conducted after suspension of payments, etc. took place, if the act was conducted after 15 days had elapsed from the date of establishment, transfer or modification of the right, knowing that suspension of payments, etc. had taken place, the act may be avoided in the interest of the bankruptcy estate after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings;provided, however, that this does not apply to a definitive registration based on prior unavoidable provisional registration.
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(執行行為の否認)
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(Avoidance of Acts of Execution)
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第百六十五条否認権は、否認しようとする行為について執行力のある債務名義があるとき、又はその行為が執行行為に基づくものであるときでも、行使することを妨げない。
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Article 165The exercise of a right of avoidance is not to be precluded even when an act to be avoided is accompanied by an enforceable title of obligation or is based on an act of execution.
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(支払の停止を要件とする否認の制限)
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(Restrictions on Avoidance by Reason of Suspension of Payments)
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第百六十六条破産手続開始の申立ての日から一年以上前にした行為(第百六十条第三項に規定する行為を除く。)は、支払の停止があった後にされたものであること又は支払の停止の事実を知っていたことを理由として否認することができない。
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Article 166An act conducted not less than one year before the date of filing of a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings (excluding the act prescribed in Article 160, paragraph (3)) may not be avoided by reason that the act was conducted after suspension of payments had taken place or while knowing the fact of suspension of payments.
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(否認権行使の効果)
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(Effect of the Exercise of a Right of Avoidance)
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第百六十七条否認権の行使は、破産財団を原状に復させる。
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Article 167(1)The exercise of a right of avoidance restores the bankruptcy estate to its original state.
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(2)When an act prescribed in Article 160, paragraph (3) is avoided, if the other party did not know, at the time of the act, the fact that suspension of payments, etc. had taken place nor the fact that the act would prejudice a bankruptcy creditor, it is sufficient for the other party to reimburse to the extent actually enriched.
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(破産者の受けた反対給付に関する相手方の権利等)
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(Rights Held by the Other Party Over Counter-Performance Received by the Bankrupt)
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第百六十八条第百六十条第一項若しくは第三項又は第百六十一条第一項に規定する行為が否認されたときは、相手方は、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める権利を行使することができる。
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Article 168(1)When an act prescribed in Article 160, paragraph (1) or (3), or Article 161, paragraph (1) is avoided, the other party may exercise a right specified in each of the following items in accordance with the category set forth in the respective items:
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一破産者の受けた反対給付が破産財団中に現存する場合当該反対給付の返還を請求する権利
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(i)when the counter-performance received by the bankrupt actually exists within the bankruptcy estate:a right to claim return of the counter-performance; or
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二破産者の受けた反対給付が破産財団中に現存しない場合財団債権者として反対給付の価額の償還を請求する権利
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(ii)when the counter-performance received by the bankrupt does not actually exist within the bankruptcy estate:a right to claim, as a holder of claim on the estate, reimbursement of the value of the counter-performance.
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(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of item (ii) of the preceding paragraph, in the cases set forth in that item, if the bankrupt, at the time when the act in question was conducted, had the intention to conceal or carry out other disposal of the property that they received as a value for the act and the other party knew that the bankrupt had such intention, the other party may exercise a right specified in each of the following items in accordance with category set forth in the respective items:
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一破産者の受けた反対給付によって生じた利益の全部が破産財団中に現存する場合財団債権者としてその現存利益の返還を請求する権利
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(i)when the enrichment arising from the counter-performance received by the bankrupt actually exists in whole within the bankruptcy estate:a right to claim, as a holder of claim on the estate, return of the actual enrichment;
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二破産者の受けた反対給付によって生じた利益が破産財団中に現存しない場合破産債権者として反対給付の価額の償還を請求する権利
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(ii)when the enrichment arising from the counter-performance received by the bankrupt does not actually exist within the bankruptcy estate:a right to claim, as a bankruptcy creditor, reimbursement of the value of the counter-performance; or
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三破産者の受けた反対給付によって生じた利益の一部が破産財団中に現存する場合財団債権者としてその現存利益の返還を請求する権利及び破産債権者として反対給付と現存利益との差額の償還を請求する権利
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(iii)when the enrichment arising from the counter-performance received by the bankrupt actually exists in part within the bankruptcy estate:a right to claim, as a holder of claim on the estate, return of the actual enrichment, and a right to claim, as a bankruptcy creditor, reimbursement of any difference between the counter-performance and the actual enrichment.
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(3)For the purpose of application of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if the other party to the act in question is any of the persons set forth in the items of Article 161, paragraph (2), the other party is presumed to have known, at the time of the act, that the bankrupt had the intention to conceal or carry out other disposal referred to in the preceding paragraph.
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(4)A bankruptcy trustee may, when seeking to avoid an act prescribed in Article 160, paragraph (1) or (3), or Article 161, paragraph (1), in lieu of requesting return of the property that should be returned to the bankruptcy estate pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, request the other party to reimburse the amount obtained by deducting the amount that is included in the scope of claims on the estate pursuant to the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs (in the case set forth in paragraph (1), item (i), the value of the counter-performance received by the bankrupt) from the value of the property to be returned.
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(相手方の債権の回復)
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(Restoration of the Other Party's Claim)
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第百六十九条第百六十二条第一項に規定する行為が否認された場合において、相手方がその受けた給付を返還し、又はその価額を償還したときは、相手方の債権は、これによって原状に復する。
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Article 169When an act prescribed in Article 162, paragraph (1) is avoided, if the other party returns the performance received or reimburses the value of the performance, this restores the other party's claim to its original state.
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(転得者に対する否認権)
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(Right of Avoidance Against Subsequent Acquirers)
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第百七十条次に掲げる場合には、否認権は、転得者に対しても、行使することができる。
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Article 170(1)In the following cases, a right of avoidance may also be exercised against subsequent acquirers:
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一転得者が転得の当時、それぞれその前者に対する否認の原因のあることを知っていたとき。
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(i)when the subsequent acquirers had known, at the time of acquisition, that there were grounds for avoidance against their predecessors;
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二転得者が第百六十一条第二項各号に掲げる者のいずれかであるとき。ただし、転得の当時、それぞれその前者に対する否認の原因のあることを知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
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(ii)when each of the subsequent acquirers is any of the persons set forth in the items of Article 161, paragraph (2);provided, however, that this does not apply if the subsequent acquirers did not know, at the time of acquisition, that there were grounds for avoidance against their predecessors; and
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三転得者が無償行為又はこれと同視すべき有償行為によって転得した場合において、それぞれその前者に対して否認の原因があるとき。
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(iii)when the subsequent acquirers acquired the subject matter by a gratuitous act or by an onerous act that should be deemed to be equivalent to such an act, and there were grounds for avoidance against their predecessors.
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(否認権のための保全処分)
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(Provisional Order for Right of Avoidance)
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第百七十一条裁判所は、破産手続開始の申立てがあった時から当該申立てについての決定があるまでの間において、否認権を保全するため必要があると認めるときは、利害関係人(保全管理人が選任されている場合にあっては、保全管理人)の申立てにより又は職権で、仮差押え、仮処分その他の必要な保全処分を命ずることができる。
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Article 171(1)When the court finds it necessary in order to secure a right of avoidance during the period after a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed until ruling on the petition is made, upon the petition of an interested person (or a provisional administrator if any provisional administrator is appointed) or by its own authority, the court may issue an order of provisional seizure, a provisional disposition, or any other necessary provisional order.
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(6)When a judicial decision prescribed in paragraph (4) and a judicial decision on the immediate appeal referred to in that paragraph are made, the written judgments must be served upon the parties concerned. In such a case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
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(保全処分に係る手続の続行と担保の取扱い)
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(Continuation of Procedures for Provisional Order and Handling of Security)
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第百七十二条前条第一項(同条第七項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による保全処分が命じられた場合において、破産手続開始の決定があったときは、破産管財人は、当該保全処分に係る手続を続行することができる。
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Article 172(1)When a provisional order under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (7) of that Article) is issued, if an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, a bankruptcy trustee may continue the procedures for the provisional order.
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(3)When a bankruptcy trustee seeks to continue the procedures for the provisional order referred to in paragraph (1) pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph, if the whole or part of the security prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (7) of that Article) does not belong to the bankruptcy estate, the bankruptcy trustee must substitute the whole or part of the security with another security by way of property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate.
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4民事保全法(平成元年法律第九十一号)第十八条並びに第二章第四節(第三十七条第五項から第七項までを除く。)及び第五節の規定は、第一項の規定により破産管財人が続行する手続に係る保全処分について準用する。
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(4)The provisions of Article 18, and Chapter II, Section 4 (excluding Article 37, paragraphs (5) through (7)) and Section 5 of the Civil Preservation Act (Act No. 91 of 1989) apply mutatis mutandis to a provisional order issued for the proceedings to be continued by a bankruptcy trustee pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1).
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(否認権の行使)
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(Exercise of a Right of Avoidance)
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第百七十三条否認権は、訴え、否認の請求又は抗弁によって、破産管財人が行使する。
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Article 173(1)A right of avoidance is exercised by a bankruptcy trustee by filing an action, making a request for avoidance, or filing a defense.
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(否認の請求)
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(Request for Avoidance)
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第百七十四条否認の請求をするときは、その原因となる事実を疎明しなければならない。
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Article 174(1)When making a request for avoidance, the requester must make a prima facie showing of the fact constituting the grounds for avoidance.
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(否認の請求を認容する決定に対する異議の訴え)
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(Action Against an Order to Uphold a Request for Avoidance)
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第百七十五条否認の請求を認容する決定に不服がある者は、その送達を受けた日から一月の不変期間内に、異議の訴えを提起することができる。
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Article 175(1)A person who is dissatified with an order to uphold a request for avoidance may file an action to oppose the order within an unextendable period of one month after the day on which the the order is served.
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(4)When a judgment to approve an order set forth in paragraph (1) becomes final and binding, the order has the same effect as a final and binding judgment. The same applies if the action referred to in the preceding paragraph is not filed within the period prescribed in that paragraph or is dismissed without prejudice.
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(5)With regard to a judgment to approve or change the order referred to in paragraph (1), the court in charge of the case may, as provided for by Article 259, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure, declare provisional execution.
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(否認権行使の期間)
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(Period for Exercising a Right of Avoidance)
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第百七十六条否認権は、破産手続開始の日から二年を経過したときは、行使することができない。否認しようとする行為の日から二十年を経過したときも、同様とする。
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Article 176A right of avoidance may not be exercised if two years have elapsed since the date of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings. The same applies when 20 years have elapsed since the date of the act to be avoided.
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第三節 法人の役員の責任の追及等
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Section 3 Pursuing the Liabilities of Officers of Corporations
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(役員の財産に対する保全処分)
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(Provisional Orders on Officer's Property)
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第百七十七条裁判所は、法人である債務者について破産手続開始の決定があった場合において、必要があると認めるときは、破産管財人の申立てにより又は職権で、当該法人の理事、取締役、執行役、監事、監査役、清算人又はこれらに準ずる者(以下この節において「役員」という。)の責任に基づく損害賠償請求権につき、当該役員の財産に対する保全処分をすることができる。
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Article 177(1)When an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against a debtor who is a corporation, the court may, when it finds it necessary, upon the petition of a bankruptcy trustee or by its own authority, with regard to a claim for damages based on the liabilities of the corporation's director, company director, executive officer, inspector, company auditor, liquidator, or any other person equivalent to them (hereinafter referred to as "officer" in this Section), issue a provisional order on the property of these officers.
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(2)When the court finds that there is an urgent need even during the period after a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed until an order on the petition is made, the court may, upon the petition of a debtor (or a provisional administrator if any provisional administrator is appointed) or by its own authority, issue a provisional order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
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(6)When a judicial decision prescribed in paragraph (4) and a judicial decision on the immediate appeal referred to in that paragraph are made, the written judgments must be served upon the parties concerned. In such a case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
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(役員の責任の査定の申立て等)
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(Petitions for Assessment of Officer's Liabilities)
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第百七十八条裁判所は、法人である債務者について破産手続開始の決定があった場合において、必要があると認めるときは、破産管財人の申立てにより又は職権で、決定で、役員の責任に基づく損害賠償請求権の査定の裁判(以下この節において「役員責任査定決定」という。)をすることができる。
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Article 178(1)When an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against a debtor who is a corporation, the court may, when it finds it necessary, upon the petition of a bankruptcy trustee or by its own authority, reach an assessment decision on the rights to seek damages pursuant to the liability of the officers (hereinafter referred to as an "officer's liability assessment order" in this Section), by an order.
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(役員責任査定決定等)
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(Officer's Liability Assessment Orders)
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第百七十九条役員責任査定決定及び前条第一項の申立てを棄却する決定には、理由を付さなければならない。
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Article 179(1)An officer's liability assessment order and an order dismissing the petition referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article must state reasons therefor.
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(役員責任査定決定に対する異議の訴え)
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(Action Against Officer's Liability Assessment Orders)
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第百八十条役員責任査定決定に不服がある者は、その送達を受けた日から一月の不変期間内に、異議の訴えを提起することができる。
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Article 180(1)A person who is dissatisfied with an officer's liability assessment order may file an action to oppose the order within an unextendable period of one month after the day on which the person received service of the order.
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(6)With regard to a judgment that approves or changes an officer's liability assessment order, the court in charge of the case may, as provided for by Article 259, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure, declare provisional execution.
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(役員責任査定決定の効力)
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(Effect of Officer's Liability Assessment Order)
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第百八十一条前条第一項の訴えが、同項の期間内に提起されなかったとき、又は却下されたときは、役員責任査定決定は、給付を命ずる確定判決と同一の効力を有する。
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Article 181If an action referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is not filed within the period referred to in that paragraph or is dismissed, the officer's liability assessment order has the same effect as a final and binding judgment to order performance.
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(社員の出資責任)
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(Member's Liability of Contributions)
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第百八十二条会社法第六百六十三条の規定は、法人である債務者につき破産手続開始の決定があった場合について準用する。この場合において、同条中「当該清算持分会社」とあるのは、「破産管財人」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 182The provisions of Article 663 of the Companies Act apply mutatis mutandis when an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against a debtor that is a corporation. In such a case, the term "such membership company in liquidation" in that Article is deemed to be replaced with "a bankruptcy trustee."
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(匿名組合員の出資責任)
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(Silent Partner's Liability of Contributions)
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第百八十三条匿名組合契約が営業者が破産手続開始の決定を受けたことによって終了したときは、破産管財人は、匿名組合員に、その負担すべき損失の額を限度として、出資をさせることができる。
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Article 183When a silent partnership agreement terminates by reason that the proprietor has received an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, a bankruptcy trustee may have the silent partners pay contributions up to the amount of loss to be borne by them.
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第七章 破産財団の換価
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Chapter VII Realization of Bankruptcy Estates
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第一節 通則
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Section 1 General Rules
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(換価の方法)
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(Method of Realization)
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第百八十四条第七十八条第二項第一号及び第二号に掲げる財産の換価は、これらの規定により任意売却をする場合を除き、民事執行法その他強制執行の手続に関する法令の規定によってする。
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Article 184(1)Realization of the property referred to in Article 78, paragraph (2), items (i) and (ii), except when it is conducted through sale by private contract pursuant to those provisions, is to be conducted pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Execution Act and other laws and regulations concerning a procedure for compulsory execution.
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(2)A bankruptcy trustee may, pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Execution Act and other laws and regulations concerning a procedure for compulsory execution, realize the collateral for the right of separate satisfaction. In such a case, the holder of the right of separate satisfaction may not refuse the realization.
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(3)In the cases referred to in the preceding two paragraphs, the provisions of Article 63 and Article 129 of the Civil Execution Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provisions of that Act and other laws and regulations concerning a procedure for compulsory execution) do not apply.
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(別除権者が処分をすべき期間の指定)
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(Designation of the Period for Disposal by a Holder of a Right of Separate Satisfaction)
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第百八十五条別除権者が法律に定められた方法によらないで別除権の目的である財産の処分をする権利を有するときは、裁判所は、破産管財人の申立てにより、別除権者がその処分をすべき期間を定めることができる。
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Article 185(1)If a holder of a right of separate satisfaction has a right to dispose of the collateral for the right of separate satisfaction by a means other than that prescribed by law, the court may, upon the petition of a bankruptcy trustee, specify a period during which the holder of the right of separate satisfaction should dispose the collateral.
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(4)When a judicial decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1) and a judicial decision on the immediate appeal referred to in the preceding paragraph are made, the written judgments must be served upon the parties concerned. In such a case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
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第二節 担保権の消滅
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Section 2 Extinguishment of Security Interests
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(担保権消滅の許可の申立て)
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(Petitions for Permission for Extinguishment of Security Interests)
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第百八十六条破産手続開始の時において破産財団に属する財産につき担保権(特別の先取特権、質権、抵当権又は商法若しくは会社法の規定による留置権をいう。以下この節において同じ。)が存する場合において、当該財産を任意に売却して当該担保権を消滅させることが破産債権者の一般の利益に適合するときは、破産管財人は、裁判所に対し、当該財産を任意に売却し、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じてそれぞれ当該各号に定める額に相当する金銭が裁判所に納付されることにより当該財産につき存するすべての担保権を消滅させることについての許可の申立てをすることができる。ただし、当該担保権を有する者の利益を不当に害することとなると認められるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 186(1)If any security rights (meaning a special statutory lien, pledge, mortgage, or a right of retention under the provisions of the Commercial Code or the Companies Act; hereinafter the same applies in this Section) exists at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings against property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate, if it is in the common interest of bankruptcy creditors to extinguish the security interests by selling the property by private contract, a bankruptcy trustee may file a petition to the court for permission to sell the property by private contract and extinguish all security interests on the property by paying to the court the amount of money specified in each of the following items in accordance with the category set forth in the respective items;provided, however, that this does not apply if it is found that this would unduly harm the interest of the persons who hold the security interests:
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一破産管財人が、売却によってその相手方から取得することができる金銭(売買契約の締結及び履行のために要する費用のうち破産財団から現に支出し又は将来支出すべき実費の額並びに当該財産の譲渡に課されるべき消費税額等(当該消費税額及びこれを課税標準として課されるべき地方消費税額をいう。以下この節において同じ。)に相当する額であって、当該売買契約において相手方の負担とされるものに相当する金銭を除く。以下この節において「売得金」という。)の一部を破産財団に組み入れようとする場合売得金の額から破産財団に組み入れようとする金銭(以下この節において「組入金」という。)の額を控除した額
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(i)when the bankruptcy trustee seeks to transfer part of the amount of money that can be obtained from the counterparty through sale (excluding the amount of money consisting of the amount of actual costs already paid or to be paid in the future from the bankruptcy estate for concluding and performing the sales contract and the amount of consumption tax, etc. to be imposed on the transfer of the property (meaning the amount of consumption tax and the amount of local consumption tax to be imposed based on the former amount as a tax base; hereinafter the same applies in this Section), which is to be borne by the counterparty under the sales contract; hereinafter referred to as "proceeds" in this Section) into the bankruptcy estate:the amount obtained by deducting the amount of money to be deducted from the proceeds and added to the bankruptcy estate (hereinafter referred to as the "money deducted from the proceeds and added to the bankruptcy estate" in this Section) from the amount of proceeds; or
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二前号に掲げる場合以外の場合売得金の額
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(ii)cases other than the one set forth in the preceding item:the amount of proceeds.
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(2)In the case set forth in item (i) of the preceding paragraph, a bankruptcy trustee who seeks to file a petition referred to in that paragraph must consult with the person who holds the security interest in question in advance with regard to the amount of money deducted from the proceeds and added to the bankruptcy estate.
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一担保権の目的である財産の表示
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(i)the indication of the property that is the subject of the security interest;
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二売得金の額(前号の財産が複数あるときは、売得金の額及びその各財産ごとの内訳の額)
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(ii)the amount of proceeds (if the property referred to in the preceding item consists of two or more pieces of property, the amount of proceeds and the amount allocated to each piece of property);
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三第一号の財産の売却の相手方の氏名又は名称
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(iii)the name of the counterparty to the sale of the property referred to in item (i);
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四消滅すべき担保権の表示
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(iv)the indication of the security interests required to be extinguished;
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五前号の担保権によって担保される債権の額
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(v)the amount of claim secured by the security interests referred to in the preceding item;
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六第一項第一号に掲げる場合には、組入金の額(第一号の財産が複数あるときは、組入金の額及びその各財産ごとの内訳の額)
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(vi)in the case set forth in paragraph (1), item (i), the amount of money to be deducted from the proceeds and added to the estate (if the property referred to in the preceding item consists of two or more pieces of property, the amount of money to be deducted from the proceeds and added to the bankruptcy estate and the amount allocated to each piece of property); and
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七前項の規定による協議の内容及びその経過
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(vii)the content and process of the consultation under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
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(4)A written petition must be accompanied by a document stating the content of the sales contract for the sale of property referred to in item (i) of the preceding paragraph (including the amount of money consisting of the amount of actual costs already paid or to be paid in the future from the bankruptcy estate for concluding and performing the sales contract and the amount of consumption tax, etc. to be imposed on the transfer of the property, which is to be borne by the counterparty under the sales contract).
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(5)If a petition referred to in paragraph (1) is filed, the written petition and the document referred to in the preceding paragraph must be served upon the person who holds the security right referred to in paragraph (3), item (iv) which is stated in the written petition (hereinafter referred to as "designated security interest holder" in this Section). In such a case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
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(担保権の実行の申立て)
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(Petitions for Exercise of Security Interests)
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第百八十七条被申立担保権者は、前条第一項の申立てにつき異議があるときは、同条第五項の規定によりすべての被申立担保権者に申立書及び同条第四項の書面の送達がされた日から一月以内に、担保権の実行の申立てをしたことを証する書面を裁判所に提出することができる。
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Article 187(1)If a designated security interest holder has an objection to the petition referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, they may submit to the court a document that certifies their filing of a petition for exercise of security interest within one month after the day on which the written petition and the document referred to in paragraph (4) of that Article are served upon all designated security interest holders pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5) of that Article,.
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(3)If there is an agreement between a bankruptcy trustee and a designated security interest holder with regard to the amounts of proceeds and of money to be deducted from the proceeds and added to the estate (in the case set forth in paragraph (1), item (ii) of the preceding Article, the amount of proceeds), the designated security interest holder may not file a petition for exercise of security interests.
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(4)A designated security interest holder may not file a petition for exercise of security interests after the period referred to in paragraph (1) (if it is extended pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2), the extended period; hereinafter the same applies in this Section) has expired, except when an order of permission referred to in Article 189, paragraph (1) is revoked pursuant to the provisions of Article 190, paragraph (6) or an order of non-permission referred to in that paragraph becomes final and binding.
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5第一項の担保権の実行の申立てをしたことを証する書面が提出された後に、当該担保権の実行の申立てが取り下げられ、又は却下された場合には、当該書面は提出されなかったものとみなす。民事執行法第百八十八条において準用する同法第六十三条又は同法第百九十二条において準用する同法第百二十九条(これらの規定を同法その他強制執行の手続に関する法令において準用する場合を含む。)の規定により同項の担保権の実行の手続が取り消された場合も、同様とする。
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(5)If, after a document that certifies the filing of a petition for exercising security interests referred to in paragraph (1) was submitted, the petition for exercise of security interest has been withdrawn or dismissed without prejudice, the document is deemed not to have been submitted. The same applies when the procedure for exercising security interests referred to in that paragraph is revoked pursuant to the provisions of Article 63 of the Civil Execution Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188 of that Act, or Article 129 of that Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 192 of that Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to that Act and other laws and regulations concerning a procedure for compulsory execution).
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(6)If, after an order of non-permission set forth in Article 189, paragraph (1) became final and binding, a petition for exercising security interests referred to in paragraph (1) has been withdrawn or dismissed, a bankruptcy trustee files a petition referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the designated security interest holder who has filed the petition for exercising security interests may not submit the document that certifies their filing of the petition for exercising security interests referred to in that paragraph, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1).
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(買受けの申出)
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(Purchase Offers)
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第百八十八条被申立担保権者は、第百八十六条第一項の申立てにつき異議があるときは、前条第一項の期間内に、破産管財人に対し、当該被申立担保権者又は他の者が第百八十六条第三項第一号の財産を買い受ける旨の申出(以下この節において「買受けの申出」という。)をすることができる。
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Article 188(1)A designated security interest holder who has an objection to the petition referred to in Article 186, paragraph (1) may make an offer to a bankruptcy trustee within the period set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article to the effect that the designated security interest holder or any other person will purchase the property referred to in Article 186, paragraph (3), item (i) (hereinafter referred to as a "purchase offer" in this Section).
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一第百八十六条第三項第一号の財産を買い受けようとする者(以下この節において「買受希望者」という。)の氏名又は名称
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(i)the name of the person who seeks to purchase the property set forth in Article 186, paragraph (3), item (i) (hereinafter referred to as the "applicant for purchase" in this Section);
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二破産管財人が第百八十六条第三項第一号の財産の売却によって買受希望者から取得することができる金銭の額(売買契約の締結及び履行のために要する費用のうち破産財団から現に支出し又は将来支出すべき実費の額並びに当該財産の譲渡に課されるべき消費税額等に相当する額であって、当該売買契約において買受希望者の負担とされるものに相当する金銭を除く。以下この節において「買受けの申出の額」という。)
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(ii)the amount of money that a bankruptcy trustee can obtain from the applicant for purchase through the sale of the property referred to in Article 186, paragraph (3), item (i) (excluding the amount of money consisting of the amount of actual costs already paid or to be paid in the future from the bankruptcy estate for concluding and performing the sales contract and the amount of consumption tax, etc. to be imposed on the transfer of the property, which is to be borne by the purchase applicant under the sales contract; hereinafter referred to as the "offered purchase price" in this Section); and
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三第百八十六条第三項第一号の財産が複数あるときは、買受けの申出の額の各財産ごとの内訳の額
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(iii)if the property set forth in Article 186, paragraph (3), item (i) consists of two or more pieces of property, the amount of offered purchase price allocated to each piece of property).
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(4)If the property referred to in Article 186, paragraph (3), item (i) consists of two or more pieces of property, the amount of the offered purchase price set forth in paragraph (2), item (iii) allocated to each piece of property must not be below the amount of proceeds referred to in paragraph (3), item (ii) of that Article allocated to each respective piece of property.
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(8)When a purchase offer is made, a bankruptcy trustee must, after the period referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article has expired, notify the court to the effect that they will sell the property referred to in Article 186, paragraph (3), item (i) to the purchase applicant. In such a case, if two or more purchase offers are made, a bankruptcy trustee must give notification to the effect that they will sell the property to the purchase applicant who has made the purchase offer with the highest offered purchase price (if there are two or more purchase offers with the highest offered purchase price, the purchase applicant who has made the first offer).
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(10)When a purchase offer is made, in order to withdraw the petition referred to in Article 186, paragraph (1), a bankruptcy trustee must obtain consent from the purchase applicant (after the order of permission set forth in paragraph (1) of the following Article becomes final and binding, the purchaser prescribed in paragraph (2) of that Article).
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(担保権消滅の許可の決定等)
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(Order of Permission for Extinguishment of Security Interests)
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第百八十九条裁判所は、被申立担保権者が第百八十七条第一項の期間内に同項の担保権の実行の申立てをしたことを証する書面を提出したことにより不許可の決定をする場合を除き、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じてそれぞれ当該各号に定める者を当該許可に係る売却の相手方とする第百八十六条第一項の許可の決定をしなければならない。
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Article 189(1)The court must, except when it makes an order of non-permission by reason that a designated security interest holder has submitted a document that certifies their filing of a petition for exercise of security interests within the period referred to in Article 187, paragraph (1), make an order of permission referred to in Article 186, paragraph (1), designating the person specified in each of the following items in accordance with the category set forth in the respective items as the counterparty to the sale related to the permission:
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一前条第八項に規定する届出がされなかった場合第百八十六条第三項第三号の売却の相手方
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(i)when the notification prescribed in paragraph (8) of the preceding Article has not been made:the counterparty to the sale set forth in Article 186, paragraph (3), item (iii); or
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二前条第八項に規定する届出がされた場合同項に規定する買受希望者
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(ii)when the notification prescribed in paragraph (8) of the preceding Article has been made:the purchase applicant prescribed in that paragraph.
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(2)In the case set forth in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph, when the order of permission set forth in that paragraph has become final and binding, it is deemed that a bankruptcy trustee and the purchase applicant specified in that item (hereinafter referred to as the "purchaser" in this Section) related to the permission has concluded a sales contract with the same content as that stated in the document referred to in Article 186, paragraph (4) (excluding the counter party to the sale). In such a case, the offered purchase price is deemed to be the amount of proceeds under the sales contract.
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(5)When a judicial decision on the petition referred to in Article 186, paragraph (1) or a judicial decision on the immediate appeal referred to in the preceding paragraph is made, the written judgment must be served upon the parties concerned. In such a case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
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(金銭の納付等)
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(Payment of Money)
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第百九十条前条第一項の許可の決定が確定したときは、当該許可に係る売却の相手方は、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める額に相当する金銭を裁判所の定める期限までに裁判所に納付しなければならない。
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Article 190(1)When an order of permission referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article has become final and binding, the counterparty to the sale related to the permission must pay to the court the amount of money specified in each of the following items in accordance with the category of the cases set forth in the respective items by the due date set by the court:
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一前条第一項第一号に掲げる場合第百八十六条第一項各号に掲げる区分に応じてそれぞれ当該各号に定める額
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(i)in the case set forth in paragraph (1), item (i) of the preceding Article:the amount specified in each item of Article 186, paragraph (1) in accordance with category set forth in the respective items; and
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二前条第一項第二号に掲げる場合同条第二項後段に規定する売得金の額から第百八十八条第五項の規定により買受人が提供した保証の額を控除した額
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(ii)in the case set forth in paragraph (1), item (ii) of the preceding Article:the amount obtained by deducting the amount of guarantee provided by the purchaser pursuant to the provisions of Article 188, paragraph (5) from the amount of proceeds prescribed in the second sentence of paragraph (2) of that Article.
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(4)In the case referred to in paragraph (1), item (i), the security interests held by designated security interest holders is to be extinguished when payment of money pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), item (i) is made, and in the case set forth in paragraph (1), item (ii), the security interests held by designated security interest holder is to be extinguished when payment of money pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), item (ii) and payment of money pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph are made.
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(配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Distribution)
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第百九十一条裁判所は、前条第四項に規定する金銭の納付があった場合には、次項に規定する場合を除き、当該金銭の被申立担保権者に対する配当に係る配当表に基づいて、その配当を実施しなければならない。
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Article 191(1)When payment of money prescribed in paragraph (4) of the preceding Article is made, the court must implement the distribution according to a distribution list for distribution of the money to each designated security interest holder, except in the case prescribed in the following paragraph.
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(2)When there is only one designated security interest holder or when there are two or more designated security interest holders and the money prescribed in paragraph (4) of the preceding Article is sufficient for paying the claims secured by the security interests held by those holders, the court prepares a statement of delivery of the money, and delivers the payment money to the designated security interest holders and delivers any surplus to a bankruptcy trustee.
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(3)The provisions of Article 85 and Articles 88 through 92 of the Civil Execution Act apply mutatis mutandis to the procedure for distribution referred to in paragraph (1), and the provisions of Article 88, Article 91, and Article 92 of that Act apply mutatis mutandis to the procedure for delivery of payment money pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
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第三節 商事留置権の消滅
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Section 3 Extinguishment of a Right of Retention Under the Commercial Code
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Article 192(1)When any right of retention under the provisions of the Commercial Code or the Companies Act exists against the property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, if the property is necessary for the business continued pursuant to the provisions of Article 36 or the recovery of the property otherwise contributes to maintaining or increasing the value of the bankruptcy estate, a bankruptcy trustee may make a demand to the holder of the right of retention that the right be extinguished.
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(4)If the permission referred to in the preceding paragraph is granted and the amount of payment prescribed in paragraph (2) is sufficient to cover the value of the property referred to in paragraph (1), the right of retention referred to in that paragraph is extinguished at the time when the payment is made or at the time when a demand under the provisions of paragraph (1) is made, whichever occurs later.
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(5)In an action to request the return of the property set forth in paragraph (1) on the grounds that the right of retention referred to in that paragraph is extinguished pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, even if the amount of payment prescribed in paragraph (2) is not sufficient to cover the value of the property, upon the plaintiff's petition and when the court in charge of the action finds it appropriate, the court may order the holder of the right of retention referred to in paragraph (1) to return the property, on the condition that the amount of any shortage is to be paid within a reasonable period of time.
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第八章 配当
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Chapter VIII Distribution
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第一節 通則
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Section 1 General Rules
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(配当の方法等)
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(Means of Distribution)
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第百九十三条破産債権者は、この章の定めるところに従い、破産財団から、配当を受けることができる。
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Article 193(1)A bankruptcy creditor may, as provided for by this Chapter, receive a distribution from the bankruptcy estate.
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(配当の順位等)
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(Order of Distribution)
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第百九十四条配当の順位は、破産債権間においては次に掲げる順位に、第一号の優先的破産債権間においては第九十八条第二項に規定する優先順位による。
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Article 194(1)Distributions are to be made in the following order among bankruptcy claims and in the order of priority prescribed in Article 98, paragraph (2) among preferred bankruptcy claims:
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一優先的破産債権
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(i)preferred bankruptcy claims;
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二前号、次号及び第四号に掲げるもの以外の破産債権
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(ii)bankruptcy claims other than those set forth in the preceding item, the following item, and item (iv);
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三劣後的破産債権
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(iii)subordinate bankruptcy claims; and
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四約定劣後破産債権
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(iv)consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claims.
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第二節 最後配当
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Section 2 Final Distribution
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(最後配当)
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(Final Distribution)
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第百九十五条破産管財人は、一般調査期間の経過後又は一般調査期日の終了後であって破産財団に属する財産の換価の終了後においては、第二百十七条第一項に規定する場合を除き、遅滞なく、届出をした破産債権者に対し、この節の規定による配当(以下この章及び次章において「最後配当」という。)をしなければならない。
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Article 195(1)A bankruptcy trustee must, after the ordinary period for investigation has expired or the ordinary date of investigation has ended and after realization has been completed for property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate, make a distribution under the provisions of this Section (hereinafter referred to as a "final distribution" in this Chapter and the following Chapter) to holders of filed bankruptcy claims without delay, except in the case prescribed in Article 217, paragraph (1).
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(配当表)
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(Distribution Lists)
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第百九十六条破産管財人は、前条第二項の規定による許可があったときは、遅滞なく、次に掲げる事項を記載した配当表を作成し、これを裁判所に提出しなければならない。
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Article 196(1)A bankruptcy trustee must, when permission under the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article is granted, prepare a distribution list stating the following particulars and submit it to the court without delay:
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一最後配当の手続に参加することができる破産債権者の氏名又は名称及び住所
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(i)the name and address of each bankruptcy creditor who may participate in the procedure for a final distribution;
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二最後配当の手続に参加することができる債権の額
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(ii)the amount of each claim that may enter into the procedure for a final distribution; and
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三最後配当をすることができる金額
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(iii)the amount available for the final distribution.
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(2)The particulars set forth in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph are stated by distinguishing preferred bankruptcy claims, subordinate bankruptcy claims, and consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claims from other bankruptcy claims, and with regard to preferred bankruptcy claims, the particulars must be stated in the order of priority prescribed in Article 98, paragraph (2).
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(3)With regard to bankruptcy claims secured by a revolving mortgage which pertains to a right of separate satisfaction, a bankruptcy trustee must state the claims in the distribution list even if the bankruptcy creditor who holds the bankruptcy claims does not prove to the bankruptcy trustee the amount of the claims for which payment cannot be received by exercising the revolving mortgage. In such a case, the part of the amount of the bankruptcy claims on the day on which permission under the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article was granted, which exceeds the maximum amount, is to be the amount of the claims that may enter into the procedure for a final distribution.
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(配当の公告等)
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(Public Notice of Distribution)
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第百九十七条破産管財人は、前条第一項の規定により配当表を裁判所に提出した後、遅滞なく、最後配当の手続に参加することができる債権の総額及び最後配当をすることができる金額を公告し、又は届出をした破産債権者に通知しなければならない。
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Article 197(1)A bankruptcy trustee must, without delay after submitting a distribution list to the court pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, make a public notice of the total amount of the claims that may enter into the procedure for a final distribution and the amount available for a final distribution, or give a notice of those particulars to holders of filed bankruptcy claims.
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(破産債権の除斥等)
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(Exclusion of Bankruptcy Claims)
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第百九十八条異議等のある破産債権(第百二十九条第一項に規定するものを除く。)について最後配当の手続に参加するには、当該異議等のある破産債権を有する破産債権者が、前条第一項の規定による公告が効力を生じた日又は同条第三項の規定による届出があった日から起算して二週間以内に、破産管財人に対し、当該異議等のある破産債権の確定に関する破産債権査定申立てに係る査定の手続、破産債権査定異議の訴えに係る訴訟手続又は第百二十七条第一項の規定による受継があった訴訟手続が係属していることを証明しなければならない。
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Article 198(1)In order to participate in the procedure for a final distribution with regard to a denied or disputed bankruptcy claim (excluding those prescribed in Article 129, paragraph (1)), the bankruptcy creditor who holds the denied or disputed bankruptcy claim must, within two weeks from the day on which the public notice under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article becomes effective or the day on which the notification is made under the provisions of paragraph (3) of that Article, prove to a bankruptcy trustee the fact that the proceedings for assessment based on a petition for the finalization of the denied or disputed bankruptcy claim, the court proceedings of an action to oppose bankruptcy claim assessment, or the court proceedings of an action taken over pursuant to the provisions of Article 127, paragraph (1) are pending.
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(2)In order to participate in the procedure for a final distribution with regard to a bankruptcy claim that is a claim subject to a condition precedent or claim which may arise in the future, the bankruptcy claim is required to become enforceable within the period prescribed in the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as the "period of exclusion concerning a final distribution" in this Section and Section 5).
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(3)In order to participate in the procedure for a final distribution, a holder of a right of separate satisfaction must, within the period of exclusion concerning a final distribution, prove to a bankruptcy trustee the fact that the whole or part of the claim secured by a security right prescribed in Article 65, paragraph (2) which pertains to the right of separate satisfaction is no longer secured after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, or prove the amount of the claim for which payment cannot be received by exercising the security right, except in the case referred to in the following paragraph.
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(4)With regard to bankruptcy claims secured by a revolving mortgage that are stated in the distribution list pursuat to the provisions of the first sentence of Article 196, paragraph (3) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (4) of that Article), except when the amount of the claims for which payment cannot be received by exercising the security right is proven within the period of exclusion concerning a final distribution, the part of the amount of the claims that may enter into the procedure for a final distribution stated in the distribution list under the provisions of the second sentence of paragraph (3) of that Article (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (4) of that Article) is deemed to be the amount of claims for which payment cannot be received.
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(配当表の更正)
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(Correction of Distribution Lists)
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第百九十九条次に掲げる場合には、破産管財人は、直ちに、配当表を更正しなければならない。
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Article 199(1)In the following cases, a bankruptcy trustee must immediately correct the distribution list:
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一破産債権者表を更正すべき事由が最後配当に関する除斥期間内に生じたとき。
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(i)when a cause that requires correction to the schedule of bankruptcy creditors occurs within the period of exclusion concerning a final distribution;
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二前条第一項に規定する事項につき最後配当に関する除斥期間内に証明があったとき。
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(ii)when the particular prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is proved within the period of exclusion concerning a final distribution; and
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三前条第三項に規定する事項につき最後配当に関する除斥期間内に証明があったとき。
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(iii)when the particular prescribed in paragraph (3) of the preceding Article is proved within the period of exclusion concerning a final distribution.
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(配当表に対する異議)
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(Objection to Distribution Lists)
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第二百条届出をした破産債権者で配当表の記載に不服があるものは、最後配当に関する除斥期間が経過した後一週間以内に限り、裁判所に対し、異議を申し立てることができる。
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Article 200(1)A bankruptcy creditor who is dissatisfied with an entry in the distribution list may raise an objection to the court within one week after the period of exclusion concerning a final distribution expires.
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(3)An immediate appeal may be filed against a judicial decision on the objection raised under the provisions of paragraph (1). In such a case, the period for filing an immediate appeal against an order to order correction of the distribution list is calculated from the day on which it becomes possible for an interested person to make a request for inspection of the written judgment pursuant to the provisions of Article 11, paragraph (1).
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(4)When a judicial decision to dismiss the objection raised under the provisions of paragraph (1) and a judicial decision on the immediate appeal referred to in the first sentence of the preceding paragraph (excluding an order to order correction of the distribution list) are made, the written judgments must be served upon the parties concerned.
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(配当額の定め及び通知)
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(Determination and Notice of the Amount of Distribution)
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第二百一条破産管財人は、前条第一項に規定する期間が経過した後(同項の規定による異議の申立てがあったときは、当該異議の申立てに係る手続が終了した後)、遅滞なく、最後配当の手続に参加することができる破産債権者に対する配当額を定めなければならない。
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Article 201(1)A bankruptcy trustee must, without delay after the period prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article has expired (if an objection under the provisions of that paragraph is raised, after the proceedings of the objection have been closed), determine the amount of distribution to be given to each bankruptcy creditor who may participate in the procedure for a final distribution.
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(2)A bankruptcy trustee must make a distribution of any amount deposited pursuant to the provisions of Article 70 in the interest of a bankruptcy creditor who was unable to participate in the procedure for a final distribution by reason of the failure to conform to the provisions of Article 198, paragraph (2), to other bankruptcy creditors as part of a final distribution.
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(3)With regard to a bankruptcy claim that is a claim subject to a condition subsequent, if the condition is not met within the period of exclusion concerning a final distribution, the security provided under the provisions of Article 69 ceases to be effective, and the amount deposited pursuant to the provisions of that Article must be paid to the bankruptcy creditor who holds the bankruptcy claim.
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(4)A bankruptcy creditor who has received payment pursuant to the provisions of Article 101, paragraph (1) or a bankruptcy creditor who has received payment prescribed in Article 109 may not receive a final distribution until any other bankruptcy creditor with the same priority as the creditor receives a distribution at the same proportion as the payment they have received.
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(5)When the amount of distribution to be given to each bankruptcy creditor is determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), if, with regard to a bankruptcy creditor who has not made a notification under the provisions of Article 111, paragraph (1), item (iv) or Article 113, paragraph (2), the amount of distribution determined for the bankruptcy creditor is less than the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as prescribed in Article 111, paragraph (1), item (iv), a bankruptcy trustee must make a final distribution of the amount of distribution to bankruptcy creditors other than the bankruptcy creditor. In such a case, the amount of distribution to be given to those other bankruptcy creditors must be determined for the amount of distribution.
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(7)A bankruptcy trustee must give a notice of the amount of distribution determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) through the preceding paragraph to each bankruptcy creditor who may participate in the procedure for a final distribution (excluding a bankruptcy creditor who may not receive a final distribution pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5)).
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(配当額の供託)
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(Depositing Amounts for Distribution)
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第二百二条破産管財人は、次に掲げる配当額を、これを受けるべき破産債権者のために供託しなければならない。
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Article 202A bankruptcy trustee must make a deposit of the following amounts of distribution in the interest of the bankruptcy creditor who is to receive the distribution:
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一異議等のある破産債権であって前条第七項の規定による配当額の通知を発した時にその確定に関する破産債権査定申立てに係る査定の手続、破産債権査定異議の訴えに係る訴訟手続、第百二十七条第一項若しくは第百二十九条第二項の規定による受継があった訴訟手続又は同条第一項の規定による異議の主張に係る訴訟手続が係属しているものに対する配当額
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(i)the amount for distribution to a denied or disputed bankruptcy claim for which the proceedings for assessment based on a petition for bankruptcy claim assessment, court proceedings of an action to oppose bankruptcy claim assessment, court proceedings of an action taken over under the provisions of Article 127, paragraph (1) or Article 129, paragraph (2), or court proceedings of the assertion of an objection under the provisions of Article 129, paragraph (1) are pending, at the time when a notice of the amount for distribution is given under the provisions of paragraph (7) of the preceding Article;
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二租税等の請求権又は罰金等の請求権であって前条第七項の規定による配当額の通知を発した時に審査請求、訴訟(刑事訴訟を除く。)その他の不服の申立ての手続が終了していないものに対する配当額
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(ii)the amount for distribution for a right to impose taxes, etc. or for a right to impose a fine, etc. for which proceedings for a request for review, action (excluding a criminal action), or any other appeal have not been closed by the time when a notice of the amount for distribution is given pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (7) of the preceding Article; and
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三破産債権者が受け取らない配当額
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(iii)the amount for distribution that a bankruptcy creditor refuses to receive.
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(破産管財人に知れていない財団債権者の取扱い)
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(Handling of Holders of Claims on Estates Unknown to Bankruptcy Trustees)
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第二百三条第二百一条第七項の規定による配当額の通知を発した時に破産管財人に知れていない財団債権者は、最後配当をすることができる金額をもって弁済を受けることができない。
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Article 203A holder of claim on the estate who is unknown to a bankruptcy trustee at the time when a notice of the amount of distribution pursuant to the provisions of Article 201, paragraph (7) is given may not receive payment by using the amount available for a final distribution.
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第三節 簡易配当
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Section 3 Simplified Distribution
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(簡易配当)
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(Simplified Distribution)
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第二百四条裁判所書記官は、第百九十五条第一項の規定により最後配当をすることができる場合において、次に掲げるときは、破産管財人の申立てにより、最後配当に代えてこの節の規定による配当(以下この章及び次章において「簡易配当」という。)をすることを許可することができる。
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Article 204(1)When a final distribution may be made pursuant to the provisions of Article 195, paragraph (1), a court clerk may, in the following cases, upon the petition of a bankruptcy trustee, permit distribution under the provisions of this Section (hereinafter referred to as a "simplified distribution" in this Chapter and the following Chapter) in lieu of a final distribution:
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一配当をすることができる金額が千万円に満たないと認められるとき。
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(i)when it is found that the amount available for distribution is less than ten million yen;
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二裁判所が、第三十二条第一項の規定により同項第五号に掲げる事項を公告し、かつ、その旨を知れている破産債権者に対し同条第三項第一号の規定により通知した場合において、届出をした破産債権者が同条第一項第五号に規定する時までに異議を述べなかったとき。
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(ii)when the court has made a public notice of the particular set forth in Article 32, paragraph (1), item (v) pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of that Article and given a notice to that effect to known bankruptcy creditors pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3), item (i) of that Article, and no objection is made by any holder of filed bankruptcy claim by the time prescribed in paragraph (1), item (v) of that Article; or
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三前二号に掲げるもののほか、相当と認められるとき。
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(iii)beyond what is listed in the preceding two items, when a simplified distribution is found appropriate.
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(2)When permission under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is granted, a bankruptcy trustee must, without delay after submitting the distribution list to the court pursuant to the provisions of Article 196, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the following Article following the deemed replacement of terms, determine the estimated amount of distribution to be given to each holder of a filed bankruptcy claim, and give a notice to each holder of filed a bankruptcy claim of the total amount of claims that may enter into the procedure for a simplified distribution, the amount available for a simplified distribution, and the estimated amount of distribution.
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(準用)
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(Application, Mutatis Mutandis)
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第二百五条簡易配当については、前節(第百九十五条、第百九十七条、第二百条第三項及び第四項並びに第二百一条第七項を除く。)の規定を準用する。この場合において、第百九十六条第一項及び第三項中「前条第二項の規定による許可」とあるのは「第二百四条第一項の規定による許可」と、第百九十八条第一項中「前条第一項の規定による公告が効力を生じた日又は同条第三項」とあるのは「第二百四条第四項」と、「二週間以内に」とあるのは「一週間以内に」と、第二百一条第一項中「当該異議の申立てに係る手続が終了した後」とあるのは「当該異議の申立てについての決定があった後」と、同条第六項中「次項の規定による配当額の通知を発する前に」とあるのは「前条第一項に規定する期間内に」と、第二百二条第一号及び第二号中「前条第七項の規定による配当額の通知を発した時に」とあり、並びに第二百三条中「第二百一条第七項の規定による配当額の通知を発した時に」とあるのは「第二百条第一項に規定する期間を経過した時に」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 205With regard to a simplified distribution, the provisions of the preceding Section (excluding Article 195, Article 197, Article 200, paragraphs (3) and (4), and Article 201, paragraph (7)) apply mutatis mutandis. In such a case, the phrase "permission under the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article" in Article 196, paragraphs (1) and (3) is deemed to be replaced with "permission under the provisions of Article 204, paragraph (1)"; in Article 198, paragraph (1), the phrase "the day on which the public notice made under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article becomes effective or the day on which the notification is made under the provisions of paragraph (3) of that Article" is deemed to be replaced with "the day on which the notification is made under the provisions of Article 204, paragraph (4)," and the phrase "within two weeks" is deemed to be replaced with "within one week"; the phrase "after the proceedings of the objection have been closed" in Article 201, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "after an order on the objection is made"; the phrase "before giving a notice of the amount of distribution under the provisions of the following paragraph" in Article 201, paragraph (6) is deemed to be replaced with "within the period prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article"; the phrase "when a notice of the amount of distribution is given under the provisions of paragraph (7) of the preceding Article" in Article 202, item (i) and, item (ii) and the phrase "when a notice of the amount of distribution under the provisions of Article 201, paragraph (7) is given" in Article 203 is deemed to be replaced with "when the period prescribed in Article 200, paragraph (1) expires."
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(簡易配当の許可の取消し)
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(Rescission of Permission for Simplified Distribution)
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第二百六条破産管財人は、第二百四条第一項第三号の規定による許可があった場合において、同条第二項の規定による通知をするときは、同時に、簡易配当をすることにつき異議のある破産債権者は裁判所に対し同条第四項の規定による届出の日から起算して一週間以内に異議を述べるべき旨をも通知しなければならない。この場合において、届出をした破産債権者が同項の規定による届出の日から起算して一週間以内に異議を述べたときは、裁判所書記官は、当該許可を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 206When permission under the provisions of Article 204, paragraph (1), item (iii) is granted, a bankruptcy trustee must, when giving a notice pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of that Article, simultaneously give a notice that a bankruptcy creditor who has any objection to the implementation of a simplified distribution is required to make an objection to the court within one week from the date of notification under the provisions of paragraph (4) of that Article. In such a case, if an objection is made by a holder of a filed bankruptcy claim within one week from the date of notification under the provisions of that paragraph, a court clerk must rescind the permission.
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(適用除外)
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(Exclusion from Application)
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第二百七条第二百四条第一項の規定による簡易配当の許可は、第二百九条第一項に規定する中間配当をした場合は、することができない。
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Article 207Permission for a simplified distribution under the provisions of Article 204, paragraph (1) may not be granted if an interim distribution prescribed in Article 209, paragraph (1) has been made.
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第四節 同意配当
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Section 4 Consensual Distribution
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Article 208(1)When a final distribution may be made pursuant to the provisions of Article 195, paragraph (1), a court clerk may, upon the petition of a bankruptcy trustee, permit distribution under the provisions of this Article (hereinafter referred to as a "consensual distribution" in this Chapter and the following Chapter) in lieu of a final distribution. In such a case, a bankruptcy trustee may file a petition only when all of the holders of filed bankruptcy claims have consented to the distribution list, the amount of distribution, and the time and means of distribution determined by the bankruptcy trustee.
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(2)When permission under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is granted, a bankruptcy trustee may make a consensual distribution to the holders of filed bankruptcy claims referred to in the second sentence of that paragraph according to the distribution list, the amount of distribution, and the time and means of distribution set forth in the second sentence of that paragraph.
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(3)With regard to a consensual distribution, the provisions of Article 196, paragraphs (1) and (2), and Article 203 apply mutatis mutandis. In such a case, the phrase "when permission under the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article is granted, without delay" in Article 196, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced "in advance," and the phrase "when a notice of the amount of distribution under the provisions of Article 201, paragraph (7) is given" in Article 203 is deemed to be replaced with "when permission under the provisions of Article 208, paragraph (1) is granted."
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第五節 中間配当
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Section 5 Interim Distribution
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(中間配当)
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(Interim Distribution)
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第二百九条破産管財人は、一般調査期間の経過後又は一般調査期日の終了後であって破産財団に属する財産の換価の終了前において、配当をするのに適当な破産財団に属する金銭があると認めるときは、最後配当に先立って、届出をした破産債権者に対し、この節の規定による配当(以下この節において「中間配当」という。)をすることができる。
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Article 209(1)When a bankruptcy trustee finds after the ordinary period for investigation has expired or the ordinary date of investigation has ended and before realization is completed for property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate, that money suitable for distribution that belongs to the bankruptcy estate exists, the bankruptcy trustee may make a distribution under the provisions of this Section (hereinafter referred to as an "interim distribution" in this Section) to holders of filed bankruptcy claims, prior to a final distribution.
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(3)With regard to an interim distribution, the provisions of Article 196, paragraphs (1) and (2), Article 197, Article 198, paragraph (1), Article 199, paragraph (1), items (i) and (ii), Article 200, Article 201, paragraph (4), and Article 203 apply mutatis mutandis. In such a case, the phrase "permission under the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article" in Article 196, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "permission under the provisions of Article 209, paragraph (2)," the phrase "period of exclusion concerning a final distribution" in the items of Article 199, paragraph (1) and Article 200, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "period of exclusion concerning an interim distribution prescribed in Article 210, paragraph (1)," and the phrase "amount of distribution under the provisions of Article 201, paragraph (7)" in Article 203 is deemed to be replaced with "percentage of distribution under the provisions of Article 211."
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(別除権者の除斥等)
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(Exclusion of Holder of Right of Separate Satisfaction)
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第二百十条別除権者は、中間配当の手続に参加するには、前条第三項において準用する第百九十八条第一項に規定する期間(以下この節において「中間配当に関する除斥期間」という。)に、破産管財人に対し、当該別除権の目的である財産の処分に着手したことを証明し、かつ、当該処分によって弁済を受けることができない債権の額を疎明しなければならない。
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Article 210(1)In order to participate in the procedure for an interim distribution, a holder of a right of separate satisfaction must, within the period prescribed in Article 198, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (3) of the preceding Article (hereinafter referred to as the "period of exclusion concerning an interim distribution" in this Section), prove to a bankruptcy trustee the fact that they have commenced the disposal of the collateral for the right of separate satisfaction, and also make a prima facie showing of the amount of the claim for which payment cannot be received by the disposal to a bankruptcy trustee.
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(3)When proof is made and a prima facie showing is made within the period of exclusion concerning an interim distribution with regard to the particulars prescribed in paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph), a bankruptcy trustee must immediately correct the distribution list.
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(配当率の定め及び通知)
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(Determination and Notice of the Percentage of Distribution)
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第二百十一条破産管財人は、第二百九条第三項において準用する第二百条第一項に規定する期間が経過した後(同項の規定による異議の申立てがあったときは、当該異議の申立てについての決定があった後)、遅滞なく、配当率を定めて、その配当率を中間配当の手続に参加することができる破産債権者に通知しなければならない。
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Article 211A bankruptcy trustee must, without delay after the period prescribed in Article 200, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 209, paragraph (3) has expired (in cases where an objection under the provisions of Article 200, paragraph (1) is raised, after an order on the objection is made), determine the percentage of distribution and give notice of the percentage to each bankruptcy creditor who may participate in the procedure for an interim distribution.
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(解除条件付債権の取扱い)
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(Handling of Claims Subject to a Condition Subsequent)
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第二百十二条解除条件付債権である破産債権については、相当の担保を供しなければ、中間配当を受けることができない。
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Article 212(1)With regard to a bankruptcy claim that is a claim subject to a condition subsequent, an interim distribution may not be received unless reasonable security is provided.
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(除斥された破産債権等の後の配当における取扱い)
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(Handling of Excluded Bankruptcy Claims in Subsequent Distributions)
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第二百十三条第二百九条第三項において準用する第百九十八条第一項に規定する事項につき証明をしなかったことにより中間配当の手続に参加することができなかった破産債権について、当該破産債権を有する破産債権者が最後配当に関する除斥期間又はその中間配当の後に行われることがある中間配当に関する除斥期間内に当該事項につき証明をしたときは、その中間配当において受けることができた額について、当該最後配当又はその中間配当の後に行われることがある中間配当において、他の同順位の破産債権者に先立って配当を受けることができる。第二百十条第一項(同条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)に規定する事項につき証明又は疎明をしなかったことにより中間配当の手続に参加することができなかった別除権者(準別除権者を含む。)がその中間配当の後に行われることがある中間配当に関する除斥期間内に当該事項につき証明及び疎明をしたときも、同様とする。
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Article 213With regard to a bankruptcy claim that was unable to enter into the procedure for an interim distribution on the grounds of failure to prove the particular prescribed in Article 198, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 209, paragraph (3), if the bankruptcy creditor who holds the bankruptcy claim has proven the particular within the period of exclusion concerning a final distribution or within the period of exclusion concerning an interim distribution that may be made after the interim distribution, the bankruptcy creditor, in the final distribution or a subsequent interim distribution that may be made after the previous interim distribution, may receive a distribution at the amount that they could have received in the previous interim distribution, in preference to other bankruptcy creditors with the same priority. The same applies when a holder of a right of separate satisfaction (including a holder of a quasi-right of separate satisfaction) who was unable to participate in the procedure for an interim distribution on the grounds of failure to prove or make a prima facie showing of the particular prescribed in Article 210, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) of that Article) has proved and made a prima facie showing of the particular within the period of exclusion concerning a subsequent interim distribution that may be made after the interim distribution.
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(配当額の寄託)
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(Depositing Amounts for Distribution)
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第二百十四条中間配当を行おうとする破産管財人は、次に掲げる破産債権に対する配当額を寄託しなければならない。
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Article 214(1)A bankruptcy trustee who seeks to make an interim distribution must make a deposit of the amount of distribution to the following bankruptcy claims:
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一異議等のある破産債権であって、第二百二条第一号に規定する手続が係属しているもの
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(i)a denied or disputed bankruptcy claim, for which the proceedings set forth in Article 202, item (i) are pending;
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二租税等の請求権又は罰金等の請求権であって、第二百十一条の規定による配当率の通知を発した時に第二百二条第二号に規定する手続が終了していないもの
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(ii)a claim for tax, etc. or claim for a fine, etc., for which the proceedings set forth in Article 202, item (ii) have not been closed by the time when a notice of the percentage of distribution under the provisions of Article 211 is given;
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三中間配当に関する除斥期間内に第二百十条第一項(同条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による証明及び疎明があった債権のうち、当該疎明があった額に係る部分
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(iii)part of a claim for which proof is made and a prima facie showing is made pursuant to the provisions of Article 210, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) of that Article) within the period of exclusion concerning an interim distribution, related to the amount subject to the prima facie showing;
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四停止条件付債権又は将来の請求権である破産債権
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(iv)a bankruptcy claim that is a claim subject to a condition precedent or claim which may arise in the future;
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五解除条件付債権である破産債権であって、第二百十二条第一項の規定による担保が供されていないもの
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(v)a bankruptcy claim that is a claim subject to a condition subsequent, for which security pursuant to the provisions of Article 212, paragraph (1) is not provided; and
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六第百十一条第一項第四号及び第百十三条第二項の規定による届出をしなかった破産債権者が有する破産債権
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(vi)a bankruptcy claim held by a bankruptcy creditor who has not filed a notification pursuant to the provisions of Article 111, paragraph (1), item (iv) or Article 113, paragraph (2).
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(2)When a deposit of the amount of distribution to a bankruptcy claim set forth in item (i) or (ii) of the preceding paragraph is made pursuant to the provisions of those items, a bankruptcy trustee must, when making a deposit of the amount of distribution to the bankruptcy claim pursuant to the provisions of Article 202, item (i) or (ii), deposit the amount of distribution deposited, in the interest of the bankruptcy creditor who is to receive it.
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(3)When a deposit of the amount of distribution to a bankruptcy claim set forth in item (iii) or (iv) of paragraph (1) is made pursuant to the provisions of those items, if the bankruptcy creditor or holder of a right of separate satisfaction (including a holder of a quasi-right of separate satisfaction) who holds the bankruptcy claim was unable to participate in the procedure for a final distribution due to the failure to conform to the provisions of Article 198, paragraph (2) or prove the particular prescribed in paragraph (3) of that Article (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (5) of that Article), a bankruptcy trustee must make a final distribution of the amount of distribution deposited to other bankruptcy creditors.
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(4)When a deposit of the amount of distribution to a bankruptcy claim set forth in paragraph (1), item (v) is made pursuant to the provisions of that item, if the condition attached to the bankruptcy claim is not met within the period of exclusion concerning a final distribution, a bankruptcy trustee must pay the amount of distribution deposited to the bankruptcy creditor who holds the bankruptcy claim.
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(5)For the purpose of application of the provisions of Article 201, paragraph (5) in cases where a deposit of the amount of distribution to a bankruptcy claim set forth in paragraph (1), item (v) is made pursuant to the provisions of that item, in Article 201, paragraph (5), the phrase "the amount of distribution determined for the bankruptcy creditor is less than the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court prescribed in Article 111, paragraph (1), item (iv)" is deemed to be replaced with "the total of the amount of distribution determined for the bankruptcy creditor and the amount of distribution to a bankruptcy claim set forth in item (vi) of Article 214, paragraph (1) deposited by a bankruptcy trustee pursuant to the provisions of that item is less than the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court prescribed in Article 111, paragraph (1), item (iv)," and the phrase "the amount of distribution" is deemed to be replaced with "the sum."
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第六節 追加配当
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Section 6 Subsequent Distribution
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Article 215(1)If, after a notice of the amount of distribution pursuant to the provisions of Article 201, paragraph (7) is given (in the case of a simplified distribution, after the period prescribed in Article 200, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 205 expires, and in the case of a consensual distribution, after the permission pursuant to the provisions of Article 208, paragraph (1) is granted), a considerable amount of property available for a new distribution is confirmed, a bankruptcy trustee, with permission of the court, must make a distribution under the provisions of this Article (hereinafter referred to as a "subsequent distribution" in this Article) to holders of filed bankruptcy claims, in addition to a final distribution, simplified distribution, or consensual distribution. The same applies after an order of termination of bankruptcy proceedings is made.
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(2)With regard to a subsequent distribution, the provisions of Article 201, paragraphs (4) and (5), Article 202, and Article 203 apply mutatis mutandis. In such a case, the term "provisions of paragraph (1)" in Article 201, paragraph (5) is deemed to be replaced with "provisions of Article 215, paragraph (4)," and the term "paragraph (7) of the preceding Article" in Article 202, items (i) and (ii) and the term "Article 201, paragraph (7)" in Article 203 is deemed to be replaced with "Article 215, paragraph (5)."
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(5)A bankruptcy trustee must give notice of the amount of distribution determined pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph to each bankruptcy creditor who may participate in the procedure for a subsequent distribution (excluding a bankruptcy creditor who may not receive a subsequent distribution pursuant to the provisions of Article 201, paragraph (5) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) following the deemed replacement of terms).
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第九章 破産手続の終了
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Chapter IX Closing of Bankruptcy Proceedings
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(破産手続開始の決定と同時にする破産手続廃止の決定)
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(Order of Discontinuance of Bankruptcy Proceedings to be Made At the Same Time as Making an Order of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第二百十六条裁判所は、破産財団をもって破産手続の費用を支弁するのに不足すると認めるときは、破産手続開始の決定と同時に、破産手続廃止の決定をしなければならない。
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Article 216(1)If the court finds that the bankruptcy estate is insufficient for paying expenses for bankruptcy proceedings, the court must make an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings at the same time as making an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
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(3)The court must, when it has made an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings at the same time as making an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), immediately make a public notice of the following particulars and give a notice of those particulars to the bankrupt:
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一破産手続開始の決定の主文
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(i)the main text of the order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings; and
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二破産手続廃止の決定の主文及び理由の要旨
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(ii)the main text of the order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings and the outline of the reasons attached.
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(破産手続開始の決定後の破産手続廃止の決定)
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(Order of Discontinuance of Bankruptcy Proceedings Made after Making an Order of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第二百十七条裁判所は、破産手続開始の決定があった後、破産財団をもって破産手続の費用を支弁するのに不足すると認めるときは、破産管財人の申立てにより又は職権で、破産手続廃止の決定をしなければならない。この場合においては、裁判所は、債権者集会の期日において破産債権者の意見を聴かなければならない。
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Article 217(1)When the court finds, after making an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceeding, that the bankruptcy estate is insufficient for paying expenses for bankruptcy proceedings, it must, upon the petition of a bankruptcy trustee or by its own authority, make an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings. In such a case, the court must hear the opinions of bankruptcy creditors on the date of a creditors meeting.
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(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of the second sentence of the preceding paragraph, the court may, when it finds it appropriate, hear the opinion of bankruptcy creditors in writing, in lieu of hearing the opinions of bankruptcy creditors on the date of a creditors meeting. In such a case, a person set forth in Article 135, paragraph (1), item (ii) or (iii) may not file a petition for convocation of a creditor meeting pursuant to the provisions of Article 135, paragraph (1) for the purpose of conducting the hearing of opinions.
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(4)The court must, when it has made an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings under the provisions of paragraph (1), immediately give public notice of the main text of the order and the outline of the reasons attached, and serve the written judgment upon the bankrupt and a bankruptcy trustee.
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(破産債権者の同意による破産手続廃止の決定)
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(Order of Discontinuance of Bankruptcy Proceedings with the Consent of Bankruptcy Creditors)
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第二百十八条裁判所は、次の各号に掲げる要件のいずれかに該当する破産者の申立てがあったときは、破産手続廃止の決定をしなければならない。
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Article 218(1)The court must, upon the petition of a bankrupt who satisfies any of the requirements set forth in the following items, make an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings:
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一破産手続を廃止することについて、債権届出期間内に届出をした破産債権者の全員の同意を得ているとき。
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(i)when the bankrupt has obtained consent for discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings from all bankruptcy creditors who filed a notification within the period for filing notification of claims; or
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二前号の同意をしない破産債権者がある場合において、当該破産債権者に対して裁判所が相当と認める担保を供しているとき。ただし、破産財団から当該担保を供した場合には、破産財団から当該担保を供したことについて、他の届出をした破産債権者の同意を得ているときに限る。
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(ii)when there is any bankruptcy creditor who does not give the consent referred to in the preceding item, and the bankrupt has provided security to the bankruptcy creditor that the court finds reasonable;provided, however, that if the security is provided from the bankruptcy estate, this is limited to the case in which consent is obtained from other holders of filed bankruptcy claims for the provision of the security from the bankruptcy estate.
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(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the court may make an order not to require the consent referred to in item (i) of that paragraph and the proviso to item (ii) of that paragraph from a bankruptcy creditor who holds a bankruptcy claim that has not been finalized. For the purpose of application of the provisions of item (i) of that paragraph and the proviso to item (ii) of that paragraph in such a case, the term "holders of filed bankruptcy claims" in these provisions is deemed to be replaced with "holders of filed bankruptcy claims (excluding a bankruptcy creditor who holds a bankruptcy claim that has not been finalized, from whom the court does not require consent)."
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(5)The provisions of paragraphs (4) through (8) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1). In such a case, the term "a bankruptcy trustee" in paragraph (5) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "the bankrupt."
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(破産者が法人である場合の破産債権者の同意による破産手続廃止の決定)
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(Order of Discontinuance of Bankruptcy Proceedings with the Consent of Bankruptcy Creditors In Which the Bankrupt Is a Corporation)
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第二百十九条法人である破産者が前条第一項の申立てをするには、定款その他の基本約款の変更に関する規定に従い、あらかじめ、当該法人を継続する手続をしなければならない。
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Article 219A bankrupt that is a corporation must, in order to file a petition referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, perform the procedure for the corporation to continue to exist, in advance, by complying with the provisions concerning the amendment of articles of incorporation or other basic articles.
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(破産手続終結の決定)
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(Order of Termination of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第二百二十条裁判所は、最後配当、簡易配当又は同意配当が終了した後、第八十八条第四項の債権者集会が終結したとき、又は第八十九条第二項に規定する期間が経過したときは、破産手続終結の決定をしなければならない。
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Article 220(1)The court must make an order of termination of bankruptcy proceedings when, after a final distribution, simplified distribution, or consensual distribution is completed, a creditors meeting referred to in Article 88, paragraph (4) is concluded or the period prescribed in Article 89, paragraph (2) expires.
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(破産手続廃止後又は破産手続終結後の破産債権者表の記載の効力)
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(Effect of Entries in the Schedule of Bankruptcy Creditors after Discontinuance or Termination of Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第二百二十一条第二百十七条第一項若しくは第二百十八条第一項の規定による破産手続廃止の決定が確定したとき、又は前条第一項の規定による破産手続終結の決定があったときは、確定した破産債権については、破産債権者表の記載は、破産者に対し、確定判決と同一の効力を有する。この場合において、破産債権者は、確定した破産債権について、当該破産者に対し、破産債権者表の記載により強制執行をすることができる。
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Article 221(1)When an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings pursuant to the provisions of Article 217, paragraph (1) or Article 218, paragraph (1) becomes final and binding or when an order of termination of bankruptcy proceedings pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is made, with regard to bankruptcy claims that are finalized, the entries in the schedule of bankruptcy creditors have the same effect as a final and binding judgment against the bankrupt. In such a case, a bankruptcy creditor, with regard to a bankruptcy claim that has been finalized, may enforce compulsory execution against the bankrupt based on the entries in the schedule of bankruptcy creditors.
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(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply when the bankrupt (including the agent referred to in the proviso to Article 121, paragraph (3)) has made an objection pursuant to the provisions of Article 118, paragraph (2), Article 119, paragraph (5), Article 121, paragraph (4) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 121, paragraph (6) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (7) of that Article or Article 122, paragraph (2)) or Article 121, paragraph (7) or Article 122, paragraph (2)) or Article 123, paragraph (1).
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第十章 相続財産の破産等に関する特則
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Chapter X Special Provisions Concerning Bankruptcy of Inherited Property
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第一節 相続財産の破産
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Section 1 Bankruptcy of Inherited Property
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(相続財産に関する破産事件の管轄)
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(Jurisdiction over a Bankruptcy Case Relating to Inherited Property)
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第二百二十二条相続財産についてのこの法律の規定による破産手続開始の申立ては、被相続人の相続開始の時の住所又は相続財産に属する財産が日本国内にあるときに限り、することができる。
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Article 222(1)A petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings under the provisions of this Act against inherited property may be filed only if the decedent's address as of the time of commencement of succession or property that belongs to the inherited property exists in Japan.
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(3)If there is no court with jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the bankruptcy case relating to an inherited property is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court that has jurisdiction over the locality of property that belongs to the inherited property (in the case of a claim, the place where demand by litigation may be made).
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(4)For the purpose of application of the provisions of Article 5, paragraphs (8) and (9), and Article 7, item (v) to a bankruptcy case relating to an inherited property, the term "paragraphs (1) and (2)" in Article 5, paragraphs (8) and (9) is deemed to be replaced with "Article 222, paragraphs (2) and (3)," and the phrase "paragraph (1) or (2) of that Article" in Article 7, item (v) is deemed to be replaced with "Article 222, paragraphs (2) and (3)."
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(5)If two or more district courts have jurisdiction over a bankruptcy case relating to an inherited property pursuant to the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs, the bankruptcy case is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court with which the first petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed.
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(相続財産の破産手続開始の原因)
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(Grounds for Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings against Inherited Property)
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第二百二十三条相続財産に対する第三十条第一項の規定の適用については、同項中「破産手続開始の原因となる事実があると認めるとき」とあるのは、「相続財産をもって相続債権者及び受遺者に対する債務を完済することができないと認めるとき」とする。
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Article 223For the purpose of application of Article 30, paragraph (1) to an inherited property, the phrase "when it finds a fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings" in Article 30, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "when it finds it impossible to pay debts to inheritance obligees and to legatees in full with the inherited property."
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(破産手続開始の申立て)
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(Petitions to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第二百二十四条相続財産については、相続債権者又は受遺者のほか、相続人、相続財産の管理人又は遺言執行者(相続財産の管理に必要な行為をする権利を有する遺言執行者に限る。以下この節において同じ。)も、破産手続開始の申立てをすることができる。
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Article 224(1)With regard to inherited property, in addition to an inheritance obligee or a legatee, an heir, administrator of the inherited property, or executor (limited to an executor who has a right to conduct acts necessary for the administration of the inherited property; hereinafter the same applies in this Section) may file a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
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一相続債権者又は受遺者その有する債権の存在及び当該相続財産の破産手続開始の原因となる事実
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(i)an inheritance obligee or a legatee:the existence of the claim held by them and the fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings against the inherited property; and
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二相続人、相続財産の管理人又は遺言執行者当該相続財産の破産手続開始の原因となる事実
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(ii)an heir, administrator of the inherited property, or executor:the fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings against the inherited property.
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(破産手続開始の申立期間)
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(Period for Filing a Petition to Commence Bankruptcy Proceedings)
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第二百二十五条相続財産については、民法第九百四十一条第一項の規定により財産分離の請求をすることができる間に限り、破産手続開始の申立てをすることができる。ただし、限定承認又は財産分離があったときは、相続債権者及び受遺者に対する弁済が完了するまでの間も、破産手続開始の申立てをすることができる。
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Article 225A petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings may be filed against an inherited property only within the period during which a request for division of property may be made pursuant to the provisions of Article 941, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code;provided, however, that if qualified acceptance is made or division of property is conducted, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings may be made until payment to inheritance obligees and legatees is completed.
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(破産手続開始の決定前の相続の開始)
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(Commencement of Succession Before an Order of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings is Made)
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第二百二十六条裁判所は、破産手続開始の申立て後破産手続開始の決定前に債務者について相続が開始したときは、相続債権者、受遺者、相続人、相続財産の管理人又は遺言執行者の申立てにより、当該相続財産についてその破産手続を続行する旨の決定をすることができる。
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Article 226(1)When succession has commenced with regard to a debtor after a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed and before an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, the court may, upon the petition of an inheritance obligee, a legatee, an heir, an administrator of the inherited property, or executor, make an order to continue the bankruptcy proceedings against the inherited property.
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(3)The bankruptcy proceedings prescribed in paragraph (1) is closed, if a petition for continuation prescribed in paragraph (1) is not filed within the period referred to in the preceding paragraph, at the time when the period expires, and if a petition for continuation prescribed in paragraph (1) is made within the period set forth in the preceding paragraph and a judicial decision to dismiss the petition becomes final and binding, at the time when the decision becomes final and binding.
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(破産手続開始の決定後の相続の開始)
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(Commencement of Succession after an Order of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings is Made)
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第二百二十七条裁判所は、破産手続開始の決定後に破産者について相続が開始したときは、当該相続財産についてその破産手続を続行する。
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Article 227When succession has commenced with regard to the bankrupt after an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, the court continues the bankruptcy proceedings against the inherited property.
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(限定承認又は財産分離の手続との関係)
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(Relationship with the Procedures for Qualified Acceptance or Division of Property)
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第二百二十八条相続財産についての破産手続開始の決定は、限定承認又は財産分離を妨げない。ただし、破産手続開始の決定の取消し若しくは破産手続廃止の決定が確定し、又は破産手続終結の決定があるまでの間は、限定承認又は財産分離の手続は、中止する。
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Article 228An order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings against an inherited property does not preclude qualified acceptance or division of property;provided, however, that the procedures for qualified acceptance or division of property is stayed until an order of revocation of the order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings or an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings becomes final and binding, or an order of terminationof bankruptcy proceedings is made.
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(破産財団の範囲)
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(Scope of Bankruptcy Estates)
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第二百二十九条相続財産について破産手続開始の決定があった場合には、相続財産に属する一切の財産(日本国内にあるかどうかを問わない。)は、破産財団とする。この場合においては、被相続人が相続人に対して有していた権利は、消滅しなかったものとみなす。
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Article 229(1)If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against an inherited property, any and all property that belongs to the inherited property (irrespective of whether or not it exists in Japan) is to constitute the bankruptcy estate. In such a case, rights that the decedent held vis-à-vis an heir are deemed not to have been extinguished.
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(3)In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the heir has already received the counter-performance set forth in that paragraph, the heir must return the counter-performance to the bankruptcy estate;provided, however, that if the heir did not know, at the time of receiving the counter-performance, the fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings or the fact that the filing of a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings has been made, it is sufficient for the heir to return the benefit that they retain.
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(相続人等の説明義務等)
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(Obligation of Explanation of Heirs)
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第二百三十条相続財産について破産手続開始の決定があった場合には、次に掲げる者は、破産管財人若しくは債権者委員会の請求又は債権者集会の決議に基づく請求があったときは、破産に関し必要な説明をしなければならない。
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Article 230(1)If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against an inherited property, the following persons must, upon the request of a bankruptcy trustee or creditor committee, or a request based on a resolution at a creditor meeting, give a necessary explanation concerning bankruptcy:
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一被相続人の代理人であった者
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(i)a person who was the decedent's agent;
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二相続人及びその代理人
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(ii)an heir and their agent; and
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三相続財産の管理人及び遺言執行者
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(iii)an administrator of the inherited property and an executor.
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(相続債権者及び受遺者の地位)
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(Status of Inheritance Obligee and Legatee)
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第二百三十一条相続財産について破産手続開始の決定があった場合には、相続債権者及び受遺者は、相続人について破産手続開始の決定があったときでも、その債権の全額について破産手続に参加することができる。
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Article 231(1)If an order of commencement bankruptcy proceedings is made against an inherited property, an inheritance obligee and a legatee may, even when an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against an heir, participate in bankruptcy proceedings with regard to the whole amount of their claims.
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(相続人の地位)
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(Status of Heirs)
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第二百三十二条相続財産について破産手続開始の決定があった場合には、相続人が被相続人に対して有していた権利は、消滅しなかったものとみなす。この場合においては、相続人は、被相続人に対して有していた債権について、相続債権者と同一の権利を有する。
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Article 232(1)If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against an inherited property, rights that an heir held vis-à-vis the decedent is deemed not to have been extinguished. In such a case, an heir has the same rights as an inheritance obligee with regard to a claim that they held vis-à-vis the decedent.
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(2)In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, when an heir has made payment to an inheritance obligee or conducted any other act that causes the debts to be extinguished with their own property, the heir may exercise rights that the inheritance obligee held vis-à-vis the decedent, to the extent of the amount paid thereby.
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(相続人の債権者の地位)
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(Status of Heir's Creditors)
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第二百三十三条相続財産について破産手続開始の決定があったときは、相続人の債権者は、破産債権者としてその権利を行使することができない。
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Article 233If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against an inherited property, an heir's creditors may not exercise their rights as bankruptcy creditors.
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(否認権に関する規定の適用関係)
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(Application of Provisions on the Right of Avoidance)
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第二百三十四条相続財産について破産手続開始の決定があった場合における第六章第二節の規定の適用については、被相続人、相続人、相続財産の管理人又は遺言執行者が相続財産に関してした行為は、破産者がした行為とみなす。
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Article 234For the purpose of application of the provisions of Chapter VI, Section 2, in cases where an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against an inherited property, an act conducted by the decedent, an heir, an administrator of the inherited property, or an executor with respect to the inherited property is deemed to have been conducted by the bankrupt.
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(受遺者に対する担保の供与等の否認)
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(Avoidance of Provision of Security to Legatees)
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第二百三十五条相続財産について破産手続開始の決定があった場合において、受遺者に対する担保の供与又は債務の消滅に関する行為がその債権に優先する債権を有する破産債権者を害するときは、当該行為を否認することができる。
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Article 235(1)If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against an inherited property, if an act concerning the provision of security or extinguishment of debt to a legatee would prejudice a bankruptcy creditor who holds a claim that takes precedence over the legatee's claim, the act may be avoided.
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(2)The provisions of Article 167, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis when the act set forth in the preceding paragraph is avoided pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph. In such a case, the phrase "the fact that the act would prejudice a bankruptcy creditor" in Article 167, paragraph (2) is deemed to be replaced with "the fact that the act would prejudice a bankruptcy creditor set forth in Article 235, paragraph (1)."
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(否認後の残余財産の分配等)
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(Distribution of Residual Assets after Avoidance)
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第二百三十六条相続財産について破産手続開始の決定があった場合において、被相続人、相続人、相続財産の管理人又は遺言執行者が相続財産に関してした行為が否認されたときは、破産管財人は、相続債権者に弁済をした後、否認された行為の相手方にその権利の価額に応じて残余財産を分配しなければならない。
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Article 236If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against an inherited property, if an act conducted by the decedent, an heir, an administrator of an inherited property, or an executor with regard to the inherited property is avoided, a bankruptcy trustee must, after making payment to the inheritance obligee, distribute residual assets to the other party to the avoided act, in accordance with the value of the other party's right.
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(破産債権者の同意による破産手続廃止の申立て)
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(Petition for Discontinuance of Bankruptcy Proceedings with the Consent of Bankruptcy Creditors)
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第二百三十七条相続財産の破産についての第二百十八条第一項の申立ては、相続人がする。
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Article 237(1)A petition referred to in Article 218, paragraph (1) with regard to bankruptcy of an inherited property is to be filed by an heir.
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第二節 相続人の破産
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Section 2 Bankruptcy of Heirs
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(破産者の単純承認又は相続放棄の効力等)
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(Effect of Unconditional Acceptance of Inheritance or Renunciation of Inheritance by the Bankrupt)
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第二百三十八条破産手続開始の決定前に破産者のために相続の開始があった場合において、破産者が破産手続開始の決定後にした単純承認は、破産財団に対しては、限定承認の効力を有する。破産者が破産手続開始の決定後にした相続の放棄も、同様とする。
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Article 238(1)If inheritance commences with regard to the bankrupt before an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made, unconditional acceptance of inheritance made by the bankrupt after an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made has the effect of qualified acceptance vis-à-vis the bankruptcy estate. The same applies to renunciation of inheritance made by the bankrupt after an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made.
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(2)A bankruptcy trustee may, notwithstanding the provisions of the second sentence of the preceding paragraph, acknowledge the effect of renunciation of inheritance. In such a case, a bankruptcy trustee must, within three months after the time when they came to know the fact that inheritance had been renounced, make a statement to the family court to that effect.
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(限定承認又は財産分離の手続との関係)
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(Relationship with the Procedures for Qualified Acceptance or Division of Property)
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第二百三十九条相続人についての破産手続開始の決定は、限定承認又は財産分離を妨げない。ただし、当該相続人のみが相続財産につき債務の弁済に必要な行為をする権限を有するときは、破産手続開始の決定の取消し若しくは破産手続廃止の決定が確定し、又は破産手続終結の決定があるまでの間は、限定承認又は財産分離の手続は、中止する。
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Article 239An order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings against an heir does not preclude qualified acceptance or division of property;provided, however, that if no heir other than the heir in question has the authority to conduct acts necessary for the payment of debts with regard to the inherited property, the procedures for qualified acceptance or division of property is stayed until an order of revocation of the order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings or an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings becomes final and binding, or an order of termination of bankruptcy proceedings is made.
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(相続債権者、受遺者及び相続人の債権者の地位)
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(Status of Inheritance Obligees, Legatees, and Heir's Creditors)
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第二百四十条相続人について破産手続開始の決定があった場合には、相続債権者及び受遺者は、財産分離があったとき、又は相続財産について破産手続開始の決定があったときでも、その債権の全額について破産手続に参加することができる。
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Article 240(1)If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against an heir and a legatee may, even when division of property is made or an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against the inherited property, participate in the bankruptcy proceedings with regard to the whole amount of their claims.
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(2)If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against an heir and an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against the inherited property, with regard to the heir's bankruptcy estate, claims held by the heir's creditors has precedence over claims held by an inheritance obligee and a legatee.
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(3)If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against an heir based on a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings filed within the period prescribed in Article 225, claims held by the heir's creditors with regard to the heir's own property, have precedence over claims held by an inheritance obligee and a legatee, and claims held by an inheritance obligee and a legatee with regard to the inherited property, have precedence over claims held by the heir's creditors.
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(4)If an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against an heir and the heir has made qualified acceptance, an inheritance obligee and a legatee may not exercise their rights over the heir's own property as bankruptcy creditors. The same applies when unconditional acceptance of inheritance has the effect of qualified acceptance pursuant to the provisions of Article 238, paragraph (1).
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(限定承認又は財産分離の手続において相続債権者等が受けた弁済)
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(Payment Received by Inheritance Obligees in the Procedures for Qualified Acceptance or Division of Property)
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第二百四十一条相続債権者又は受遺者は、相続人について破産手続開始の決定があった後に、限定承認又は財産分離の手続において権利を行使したことにより、破産債権について弁済を受けた場合であっても、その弁済を受ける前の債権の額について破産手続に参加することができる。相続人の債権者が、相続人について破産手続開始の決定があった後に、財産分離の手続において権利を行使したことにより、破産債権について弁済を受けた場合も、同様とする。
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Article 241(1)An inheritance obligee or a legatee may, even when they, by exercising their rights in the procedures for qualified acceptance or division of property, have received payment of their bankruptcy claims after an order of commencement bankruptcy proceedings is made against an heir, participate in bankruptcy proceedings with regard to the amount of the claims at the time before receiving the payment. The same applies when an heir's creditor, by exercising their right in the procedure for division of property, has received payment of their bankruptcy claim after an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against the heir.
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(2)The inheritance obligee or legatee, or heir's creditor referred to in the preceding paragraph may not receive a distribution through bankruptcy proceedings until any other bankruptcy creditor with the same priority as them receives a distribution of the same proportion of payment they have received (if there are two or more heirs, the payment is limited to the part corresponding to the inheritance share of the heir who has received the order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings; the same applies in the following paragraph).
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(限定承認又は財産分離等の後の相続財産の管理及び処分等)
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(Administration and Disposal of Inherited Property after Qualified Acceptance or Division of Property)
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第二百四十二条相続人について破産手続開始の決定があった後、当該相続人が限定承認をしたとき、又は当該相続人について財産分離があったときは、破産管財人は、当該相続人の固有財産と分別して相続財産の管理及び処分をしなければならない。限定承認又は財産分離があった後に相続人について破産手続開始の決定があったときも、同様とする。
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Article 242(1)If, after an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made against an heir, the heir has made qualified acceptance or division of property has been conducted with regard to |