民事執行法(昭和五十四年法律第四号)
Civil Execution Act(Act No. 4 of 1979)
最終更新:平成十九年法律第九十五号
Last Version: Act No. 95 of 2007
TOC
History
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▶Main Provision
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▶Chapter II Compulsory Execution
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▶Section 2 Compulsory Execution for a Claim for Payment of Money
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April 8, 2025
- Last Version: Act No. 2 of 2019
- Translated Date: March 24, 2023
- Dictionary Version: 17.0
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August 1, 2024
- Last Version: Act No. 2 of 2019
- Translated Date: March 24, 2023
- Dictionary Version: 15.0
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March 31, 2009
- Last Version: Act No. 95 of 2007
- Translated Date: April 1, 2009
- Dictionary Version: 3.0
民事執行法
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Civil Execution Act
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昭和五十四年三月三十日法律第四号
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Act No. 4 of March 30, 1979
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第一章 総則(第一条―第二十一条)
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Chapter I General Provisions(Article 1 to Article 21)
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第二章 強制執行
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Chapter II Compulsory Execution
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第一節 総則(第二十二条―第四十二条)
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Section 1 General Provisions(Article 22 to Article 42)
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第二節 金銭の支払を目的とする債権についての強制執行
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Section 2 Compulsory Execution for a Claim for Payment of Money
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第一款 不動産に対する強制執行
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Subsection 1 Compulsory Execution against Real Property
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第一目 通則(第四十三条・第四十四条)
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Division 1 General Rules(Article 43 and Article 44)
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第二目 強制競売(第四十五条―第九十二条)
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Division 2 Compulsory Auction(Article 45 to Article 92)
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第三目 強制管理(第九十三条―第百十一条)
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Division 3 Compulsory Administration(Article 93 to Article 111)
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第二款 船舶に対する強制執行(第百十二条―第百二十一条)
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Subsection 2 Compulsory Execution against a Vessel(Article 112 to Article 121)
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第三款 動産に対する強制執行(第百二十二条―第百四十二条)
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Subsection 3 Compulsory Execution against Movables(Article 122 to Article 142)
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第四款 債権及びその他の財産権に対する強制執行
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Subsection 4 Compulsory Execution against a Claim and any Other Property Right
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第一目 債権執行等(第百四十三条―第百六十七条)
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Division 1 Execution against a Claim, etc.(Article 143 to Article 167)
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第二目 少額訴訟債権執行(第百六十七条の二―第百六十七条の十四)
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Division 2 Execution against a Claim Relating to an Action on Small Claim(Article 167-2 to Article 167-14)
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第五款 扶養義務等に係る金銭債権についての強制執行の特例(第百六十七条の十五・第百六十七条の十六)
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Subsection 5 Special Provisions on Compulsory Execution for a Monetary Claim pertaining to Duty to Support, etc.(Article 167-15 to Article 167-16)
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第三節 金銭の支払を目的としない請求権についての強制執行(第百六十八条―第百七十九条)
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Section 3 Compulsory Execution for a Claim not Intended for Payment of Money(Article 168 to Article 179)
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第三章 担保権の実行としての競売等(第百八十条―第百九十五条)
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Chapter III Auction, etc. for Exercise of a Security Interest(Article 180 to Article 195)
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第四章 財産開示手続(第百九十六条―第二百三条)
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Chapter IV Property Disclosure Procedure(Article 196 to Article 203)
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第五章 罰則(第二百四条―第二百七条)
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Chapter V Penal Provisions(Article 204 to Article 207)
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第一章 総則
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Chapter I General Provisions
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(趣旨)
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(Purpose)
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Article 1Compulsory execution, an auction for exercise of a security interest, an auction for the purpose of a realization under the provisions of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896), the Commercial Code (Act No. 48 of 1899) or any other Acts, and disclosure of property by obligors (hereinafter collectively referred to as "civil execution") shall be governed by the provisions of this Act in addition to the provisions of other laws and regulations.
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(執行機関)
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(Executive Agency)
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第二条民事執行は、申立てにより、裁判所又は執行官が行う。
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Article 2Civil execution shall be carried out by a court or a court execution officer upon petition.
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(執行裁判所)
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(Execution Court)
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第三条裁判所が行う民事執行に関してはこの法律の規定により執行処分を行うべき裁判所をもつて、執行官が行う執行処分に関してはその執行官の所属する地方裁判所をもつて執行裁判所とする。
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Article 3For civil execution carried out by a court, the execution court shall be the court that is to make a disposition of execution pursuant to the provisions of this Act, and for a disposition of execution made by a court execution officer, the execution court shall be the district court to which the court execution officer belongs.
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(任意的口頭弁論)
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(Optional Oral Argument)
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第四条執行裁判所のする裁判は、口頭弁論を経ないですることができる。
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Article 4A judicial decision by an execution court may be made without going through oral argument.
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(審尋)
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(Interrogation)
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第五条執行裁判所は、執行処分をするに際し、必要があると認めるときは、利害関係を有する者その他参考人を審尋することができる。
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Article 5An execution court may, if it finds it to be necessary when making a disposition of execution, interrogate persons having an interest or other witnesses.
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(執行官等の職務の執行の確保)
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(Ensuring the Performance of Duties by a Court Execution Officer)
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第六条執行官は、職務の執行に際し抵抗を受けるときは、その抵抗を排除するために、威力を用い、又は警察上の援助を求めることができる。ただし、第六十四条の二第五項(第百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定に基づく職務の執行については、この限りでない。
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Article 6(1)A court execution officer may, if he/she faces resistance when performing his/her duties, use force or request police assistance in order to eliminate such resistance; provided, however, that this shall not apply to performance of duties based on the provisions of Article 64-2 (5) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188).
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(立会人)
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(Observer)
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第七条執行官又は執行裁判所の命令により民事執行に関する職務を行う者(以下「執行官等」という。)は、人の住居に立ち入つて職務を執行するに際し、住居主、その代理人又は同居の親族若しくは使用人その他の従業者で相当のわきまえのあるものに出会わないときは、市町村の職員、警察官その他証人として相当と認められる者を立ち会わせなければならない。執行官が前条第一項の規定により威力を用い、又は警察上の援助を受けるときも、同様とする。
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Article 7When a court execution officer or a person who performs duties concerning civil execution pursuant to an order by the execution court (hereinafter referred to as a "court execution officer, etc."), in performing his/her duties by entering a person's residence, is unable to meet the residence owner or the residence owner's agent, or a relative, employee or any other worker living together who has reasonable discretion, he/she shall have the attendance of an official of the municipality, a police official or other person who is found to be reasonable as a witness. The same shall apply when a court execution officer uses force or receives police assistance pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
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(休日又は夜間の執行)
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(Execution on a Holiday or at Night)
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第八条執行官等は、日曜日その他の一般の休日又は午後七時から翌日の午前七時までの間に人の住居に立ち入つて職務を執行するには、執行裁判所の許可を受けなければならない。
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Article 8(1)In order for a court execution officer, etc. to perform his/her duties by entering a person's residence on a Sunday or on any other general holiday or any time from seven o' clock in the evening to seven o' clock the following morning, he/she shall obtain the permission of the execution court.
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(身分証明書等の携帯)
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(Carrying an Identification Card, etc.)
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第九条執行官等は、職務を執行する場合には、その身分又は資格を証する文書を携帯し、利害関係を有する者の請求があつたときは、これを提示しなければならない。
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Article 9In cases of executing his/her duties, a court execution officer, etc. shall carry a document proving his/her status or qualifications and present it when so requested by any person having an interest.
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(執行抗告)
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(Appeal against a Disposition of Execution)
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第十条民事執行の手続に関する裁判に対しては、特別の定めがある場合に限り、執行抗告をすることができる。
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Article 10(1)An appeal against a disposition of execution may be filed against a judicial decision relating to a civil execution procedure, only in cases where there are special provisions allowing such filings.
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(3)When the reasons for an appeal against a disposition of execution are not stated in a petition for appeal, the appellant shall submit a written statement of reasons for the appeal against a disposition of execution to the court of original instance within one week from the day on which the petition for appeal has been submitted.
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一抗告人が第三項の規定による執行抗告の理由書の提出をしなかつたとき。
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(i)When the appellant has failed to submit a written statement of reasons under the provisions of paragraph (3)
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二執行抗告の理由の記載が明らかに前項の規定に違反しているとき。
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(ii)When the statement of reasons for the appeal against a disposition of execution is apparently in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph
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三執行抗告が不適法であつてその不備を補正することができないことが明らかであるとき。
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(iii)When it is apparent that the appeal against a disposition of execution is unlawful and such defect cannot be corrected
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四執行抗告が民事執行の手続を不当に遅延させることを目的としてされたものであるとき。
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(iv)When the appeal against a disposition of execution has been filed for the purpose of unreasonably delaying a civil execution procedure
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(6)A court of appeal may, until the judicial decision on an appeal against a disposition of execution becomes effective, order a stay of execution of the judicial decision of prior instance or a stay of all or part of a civil execution procedure while requiring or not requiring provision of security or order continuation of such execution or procedure while requiring provision of security. While the record of the case still exists at the court of prior instance, the court of prior instance may order such dispositions.
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(7)An appellate court shall investigate only the reasons stated in the petition for appeal or the written statement of reasons for the appeal against a disposition of execution; provided however, that it may, by its own authority, investigate any violation of laws and regulations or the presence or absence of any error of fact that would affect the judicial decision of prior instance.
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(10)The provisions of Article 349 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Act No. 109 of 1996) shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where a judicial decision against which an appeal against a disposition of execution may be filed has become final and binding.
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(執行異議)
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(Objection to a Disposition of Execution)
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第十一条執行裁判所の執行処分で執行抗告をすることができないものに対しては、執行裁判所に執行異議を申し立てることができる。執行官の執行処分及びその遅怠に対しても、同様とする。
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Article 11(1)Against any disposition of execution by an execution court against which an appeal against a disposition of execution may not be filed, an objection to a disposition of execution may be filed with the execution court. The same shall apply to any disposition of execution by a court execution officer and any delay or negligence thereof.
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(取消決定等に対する執行抗告)
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(Appeal against a Disposition of Execution Filed against a Rescission Order, etc.)
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第十二条民事執行の手続を取り消す旨の決定に対しては、執行抗告をすることができる。民事執行の手続を取り消す執行官の処分に対する執行異議の申立てを却下する裁判又は執行官に民事執行の手続の取消しを命ずる決定に対しても、同様とする。
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Article 12(1)An appeal against a disposition of execution may be filed against an order to rescind a civil execution procedure. The same shall apply to a judicial decision to dismiss an objection to a disposition of execution filed against a court execution officer's disposition to rescind a civil execution procedure or to an order to the effect that a court execution officer should rescind a civil execution procedure.
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(代理人)
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(Agent)
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第十三条民事訴訟法第五十四条第一項の規定により訴訟代理人となることができる者以外の者は、執行裁判所でする手続については、訴え又は執行抗告に係る手続を除き、執行裁判所の許可を受けて代理人となることができる。
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Article 13(1)A person other than one who is able to serve as counsel pursuant to the provisions of Article 54 of the Code of Civil Procedure may, with regard to procedures with an execution court excluding those relating to an action or an appeal against a disposition of execution, serve as an agent by obtaining the permission of the execution court.
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(費用の予納等)
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(Prepayment of Expenses, etc.)
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第十四条執行裁判所に対し民事執行の申立てをするときは、申立人は、民事執行の手続に必要な費用として裁判所書記官の定める金額を予納しなければならない。予納した費用が不足する場合において、裁判所書記官が相当の期間を定めてその不足する費用の予納を命じたときも、同様とする。
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Article 14(1)When filing a petition for civil execution with an execution court, the petitioner shall prepay the amount specified by a court clerk as the expenses necessary for the civil execution procedure. The same shall apply to cases where there is a shortfall in the prepaid expenses and the court clerk has ordered prepayment of such shortfall by specifying a reasonable period of time.
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(担保の提供)
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(Provision of Security)
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第十五条この法律の規定により担保を立てるには、担保を立てるべきことを命じた裁判所(以下この項において「発令裁判所」という。)又は執行裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の管轄区域内の供託所に金銭又は発令裁判所が相当と認める有価証券(社債等の振替に関する法律(平成十三年法律第七十五号)第百二十九条第一項に規定する振替社債等を含む。)を供託する方法その他最高裁判所規則で定める方法によらなければならない。ただし、当事者が特別の契約をしたときは、その契約による。
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Article 15(1)Security shall be provided pursuant to the provisions of this Act by making a statutory deposit of money or securities (including book-entry transfer company bonds, etc. prescribed in Article 129 (1) of the Act on Book-Entry Transfer of Company Bonds, etc. [Act No. 75 of 2001]) that are found to be reasonable by the court that has ordered the provision of security (hereinafter referred to as the "court issuing the order" in this paragraph) to an official depository within the jurisdictional district of the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the court issuing the order, or by any other method specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that if the parties concerned have made a special contract, such contract shall prevail.
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(2)The provisions of Article 77, Article 79 and Article 80 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis to the security set forth in the preceding paragraph.
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(送達の特例)
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(Special Provisions on Services)
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第十六条民事執行の手続について、執行裁判所に対し申立て、申出若しくは届出をし、又は執行裁判所から文書の送達を受けた者は、送達を受けるべき場所(日本国内に限る。)を執行裁判所に届け出なければならない。この場合においては、送達受取人をも届け出ることができる。
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Article 16(1)A person who has filed a petition, made an offer or given notification to an execution court or has received a service of a document from an execution court with regard to a civil execution procedure shall notify the execution court of the place where the service is to be received (limited to a place in Japan).In this case, such person may also notify the execution court of the designated service recipient.
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(2)The provisions of Article 104 (2) and (3) and Article 107 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis pursuant to the cases set forth in the first sentence of the preceding paragraph.
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(3)A service upon a person who has not given notification under the provisions of the first sentence of paragraph (1) (excluding the person prescribed in Article 104 (3) of the Code of Civil Procedure as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph) shall be made at such person's domicile, residence, business office or office that is indicated in the record of the case.
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4前項の規定による送達をすべき場合において、第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第百六条の規定により送達をすることができないときは、裁判所書記官は、同項の住所、居所、営業所又は事務所にあてて、書類を書留郵便又は民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律(平成十四年法律第九十九号)第二条第六項に規定する一般信書便事業者若しくは同条第九項に規定する特定信書便事業者の提供する同条第二項に規定する信書便の役務のうち書留郵便に準ずるものとして最高裁判所規則で定めるものに付して発送することができる。この場合においては、民事訴訟法第百七条第二項及び第三項の規定を準用する。
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(4)In cases where a service is to be made under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if it is not possible to make the service pursuant to the provisions of Article 106 of the Code of Civil Procedure as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20, a court clerk may send the document to the domicile, residence, business office or office set forth in said paragraph by registered mail or services of correspondence delivery prescribed in Article 2 (2) of the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators (Act No. 99 of 2002) that are provided by a general correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (6) of said Article or specified correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (9) of said Article, which are specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as services equivalent to registered mail.In this case, the provisions of Article 107 (2) and (3) of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(民事執行の事件の記録の閲覧等)
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(Inspection, etc. of the Record of a Case)
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第十七条執行裁判所の行う民事執行について、利害関係を有する者は、裁判所書記官に対し、事件の記録の閲覧若しくは謄写、その正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付又は事件に関する事項の証明書の交付を請求することができる。
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Article 17With regard to civil execution carried out by an execution court, a person having an interest may make a request to a court clerk for the inspection or copying of the record of a case, issuance of an authenticated copy, transcript or extract of such record, or issuance of a certificate of matters concerning said case.
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(官庁等に対する援助請求等)
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(Request to a Government Agency, etc. for Assistance, etc.)
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第十八条民事執行のため必要がある場合には、執行裁判所又は執行官は、官庁又は公署に対し、援助を求めることができる。
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Article 18(1)When it is necessary for civil execution, an execution court or court execution officer may make a request to a government agency or public office for assistance.
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(2)In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, an execution court or court execution officer may make a request to the government agency or public office with jurisdiction for issuance of a necessary certificate with regard to a tax or public charges imposed on the property that is the subject matter of civil execution (when the property is land, it shall include any building built on such land, and when the property is a building, it shall include the building site).
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(専属管轄)
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(Exclusive Jurisdiction)
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第十九条この法律に規定する裁判所の管轄は、専属とする。
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Article 19The court jurisdiction prescribed in this Act shall be exclusive jurisdiction.
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(民事訴訟法の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Code of Civil Procedure)
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第二十条特別の定めがある場合を除き、民事執行の手続に関しては、民事訴訟法の規定を準用する。
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Article 20Except as otherwise provided for, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis to civil execution procedures.
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(最高裁判所規則)
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(Rules of the Supreme Court)
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第二十一条この法律に定めるもののほか、民事執行の手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
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Article 21In addition to what is provided for in this Act, necessary matters concerning civil execution procedures shall be specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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第二章 強制執行
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Chapter II Compulsory Execution
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第一節 総則
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Section 1 General Provisions
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(債務名義)
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(Title of Obligation)
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第二十二条強制執行は、次に掲げるもの(以下「債務名義」という。)により行う。
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Article 22Compulsory execution shall be carried out based on any of the following (hereinafter referred to as the "title of obligation"):
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一確定判決
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(i)A final and binding judgment
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二仮執行の宣言を付した判決
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(ii)A judgment with a declaration of provisional execution
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三抗告によらなければ不服を申し立てることができない裁判(確定しなければその効力を生じない裁判にあつては、確定したものに限る。)
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(iii)A judicial decision against which an appeal may be entered only by filing an appeal against ruling (in the case of a judicial decision that is not effective until it becomes final and binding, it shall be limited to one that is already final and binding)
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三の二仮執行の宣言を付した損害賠償命令
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(iii)-2An order of compensation of damages with a declaration of provisional execution
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四仮執行の宣言を付した支払督促
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(iv)A demand for payment with a declaration of provisional execution
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四の二訴訟費用若しくは和解の費用の負担の額を定める裁判所書記官の処分又は第四十二条第四項に規定する執行費用及び返還すべき金銭の額を定める裁判所書記官の処分(後者の処分にあつては、確定したものに限る。)
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(iv)-2A disposition by a court clerk specifying court costs or the amount of the burden of costs for settlement or a disposition by a court clerk determining the execution costs and the amount of money to be returned prescribed in Article 42 (4) (in the case of the latter disposition, it shall be limited to one that is already final and binding)
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五金銭の一定の額の支払又はその他の代替物若しくは有価証券の一定の数量の給付を目的とする請求について公証人が作成した公正証書で、債務者が直ちに強制執行に服する旨の陳述が記載されているもの(以下「執行証書」という。)
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(v)A notarial deed prepared by a notary with regard to a claim for payment of a certain amount of money or any other fungible thing or a certain amount of securities, which contains a statement to the effect that the obligor will immediately accept compulsory execution (hereinafter referred to as an "execution deed")
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六確定した執行判決のある外国裁判所の判決
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(vi)A judgment of a foreign court for which an execution judgment has become final and binding
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六の二確定した執行決定のある仲裁判断
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(vi)-2An arbitral award for which an execution order has become final and binding
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七確定判決と同一の効力を有するもの(第三号に掲げる裁判を除く。)
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(vii)A document that has the same effect as a final and binding judgment (excluding the judicial decision set forth in item (iii))
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(強制執行をすることができる者の範囲)
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(Scope of Persons against or for Whom Compulsory Execution may be Carried Out)
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第二十三条執行証書以外の債務名義による強制執行は、次に掲げる者に対し、又はその者のためにすることができる。
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Article 23(1)Compulsory execution based on a title of obligation other than an execution deed may be carried out against or for any of the following persons:
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一債務名義に表示された当事者
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(i)A party concerned indicated in the title of obligation
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二債務名義に表示された当事者が他人のために当事者となつた場合のその他人
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(ii)In cases where a party concerned indicated in the title of obligation has become a party concerned on behalf of another person, such other person
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三前二号に掲げる者の債務名義成立後の承継人(前条第一号、第二号又は第六号に掲げる債務名義にあつては口頭弁論終結後の承継人、同条第三号の二に掲げる債務名義又は同条第七号に掲げる債務名義のうち損害賠償命令に係るものにあつては審理終結後の承継人)
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(iii)A person who became the successor of either of the persons set forth in the preceding two items after the establishment of the title of obligation (in cases of the title of obligation set forth in item (i), item (ii) or item (vi) of the preceding Article, the successor after the conclusion of oral argument, and in cases of the title of obligation set forth in item (iii)-2 of said Article or the title of obligation set forth in item (vii) of said Article which relates to an order of compensation of damages, the successor after the conclusion of the proceedings)
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(外国裁判所の判決の執行判決)
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(Execution Judgment for a Judgment of a Foreign Court)
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第二十四条外国裁判所の判決についての執行判決を求める訴えは、債務者の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が管轄し、この普通裁判籍がないときは、請求の目的又は差し押さえることができる債務者の財産の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が管轄する。
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Article 24(1)An action seeking an execution judgment for a judgment of a foreign court shall be under the jurisdiction of the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the general venue of the obligor, and when there is no such general venue, it shall be under the jurisdiction of the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the subject matter of the claim or the seizable property of the obligor.
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(3)The action set forth in paragraph (1) shall be dismissed without prejudice when it is not proved that the judgment of a foreign court has become final and binding or when such judgment fails to satisfy the requirements listed in the items of Article 118 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
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(強制執行の実施)
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(Implementation of Compulsory Execution)
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第二十五条強制執行は、執行文の付された債務名義の正本に基づいて実施する。ただし、少額訴訟における確定判決又は仮執行の宣言を付した少額訴訟の判決若しくは支払督促により、これに表示された当事者に対し、又はその者のためにする強制執行は、その正本に基づいて実施する。
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Article 25Compulsory execution shall be implemented on the basis of an authenticated copy of the title of obligation attaching a certificate of execution; provided, however, that compulsory execution for or against an indicated party concerned based on a final and binding judgment made in an action on small claim or a judgment of an action on small claim or demand for payment with a declaration of provisional execution shall be implemented on the basis of an authenticated copy thereof.
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(執行文の付与)
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(Grant of a Certificate of Execution)
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第二十六条執行文は、申立てにより、執行証書以外の債務名義については事件の記録の存する裁判所の裁判所書記官が、執行証書についてはその原本を保存する公証人が付与する。
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Article 26(1)A certificate of execution shall be granted, upon petition, by a court clerk of the court in which the record of the case exists in the case of a title of obligation other than an execution deed, and by the notary preserving the original of the execution deed in the case of an execution deed.
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(2)A certificate of execution for which the obligee or obligor is a person other than a party concerned indicated in the title of obligation may be granted only when it is apparent to the court clerk or notary that compulsory execution may be carried out against or for such person or when the obligee has produced a document proving such fact.
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(3)In cases where any of the following grounds exist with regard to the title of obligation and there are special circumstances that make it difficult to specify, prior to carrying out compulsory execution of delivery or surrender of real property based on such title of obligation, the person who possess such real property, a certificate of execution may be granted without specifying the obligor only if the obligee has produced a document proving such facts:
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一債務名義が不動産の引渡し又は明渡しの請求権を表示したものであり、これを本案とする占有移転禁止の仮処分命令(民事保全法(平成元年法律第九十一号)第二十五条の二第一項に規定する占有移転禁止の仮処分命令をいう。)が執行され、かつ、同法第六十二条第一項の規定により当該不動産を占有する者に対して当該債務名義に基づく引渡し又は明渡しの強制執行をすることができるものであること。
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(i)The title of obligation indicates a claim for delivery or surrender of real property and, for the purpose of a suit on such claim, an order for a provisional disposition prohibiting transfer of possession (meaning the order for a provisional disposition prohibiting transfer of possession prescribed in Article 25-2 (1) of the Civil Preservation Act [Act No. 91 of 1989]) has been executed, and compulsory execution of delivery or surrender may be carried out, against a person possessing such real property, based on said title of obligation pursuant to the provisions of Article 62 (1) of said Act.
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二債務名義が強制競売の手続(担保権の実行としての競売の手続を含む。以下この号において同じ。)における第八十三条第一項本文(第百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による命令(以下「引渡命令」という。)であり、当該強制競売の手続において当該引渡命令の引渡義務者に対し次のイからハまでのいずれかの保全処分及び公示保全処分(第五十五条第一項に規定する公示保全処分をいう。以下この項において同じ。)が執行され、かつ、第八十三条の二第一項(第百八十七条第五項又は第百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定により当該不動産を占有する者に対して当該引渡命令に基づく引渡しの強制執行をすることができるものであること。
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(ii)The title of obligation is an order under the provisions of the main clause of Article 83 (1) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188) issued in a compulsory auction procedure (including the procedure of an auction for exercise of a security interest; hereinafter the same shall apply in this item) (such order shall be hereinafter referred to as a "delivery order"), and the temporary restraining order and/or the temporary restraining order to give public notice (meaning the temporary restraining order to give public notice prescribed in Article 55 (1); hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) set forth in any of (a) to (c) below has or have been executed against the person under duty to deliver under such delivery order in said compulsory auction procedure, and compulsory execution of delivery may be carried out, against a person possessing such real property, based on said delivery order pursuant to the provisions of Article 83-2 (1) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 187 (5) or Article 188):
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イ第五十五条第一項第三号(第百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。)に掲げる保全処分及び公示保全処分
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(a)The temporary restraining order and the temporary restraining order to give public notice set forth in Article 55 (1)(iii) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188)
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ロ第七十七条第一項第三号(第百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。)に掲げる保全処分及び公示保全処分
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(b)The temporary restraining order and the temporary restraining order to give public notice set forth in Article 77 (1)(iii) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188)
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ハ第百八十七条第一項に規定する保全処分又は公示保全処分(第五十五条第一項第三号に掲げるものに限る。)
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(c)The temporary restraining order or the temporary restraining order to give public notice set forth in Article 187 (1) (limited to that set forth in Article 55 (1)(iii))
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(4)Compulsory execution based on an authenticated copy of a title of obligation attaching the certificate of execution set forth in the preceding paragraph may only be carried out before four weeks elapse from the day on which said certificate of execution has been granted and in cases where, at the time of releasing real property from possession under said compulsory execution, the possessor can be specified.
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(5)With regard to the certificate of execution granted pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3), when compulsory execution based on an authenticated copy of a title of obligation attaching said certificate of execution has been carried out pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the person whose real property has been released from his/her possession by said compulsory execution shall be the obligor.
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(執行文の再度付与等)
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(Re-grant of a Certificate of Execution, etc.)
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第二十八条執行文は、債権の完全な弁済を得るため執行文の付された債務名義の正本が数通必要であるとき、又はこれが滅失したときに限り、更に付与することができる。
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Article 28(1)A certificate of execution may be re-granted only when multiple authenticated copies of a title of obligation attaching a certificate of execution are required for receiving full performance of a claim or when such authenticated copy has been lost.
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(債務名義等の送達)
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(Service of a Title of Obligation, etc.)
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第二十九条強制執行は、債務名義又は確定により債務名義となるべき裁判の正本又は謄本が、あらかじめ、又は同時に、債務者に送達されたときに限り、開始することができる。第二十七条の規定により執行文が付与された場合においては、執行文及び同条の規定により債権者が提出した文書の謄本も、あらかじめ、又は同時に、送達されなければならない。
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Article 29Compulsory execution may be commenced only when an authenticated copy or a transcript of a title of obligation or a judicial decision that is to be a title of obligation when it becomes final and binding has been served upon the obligor in advance or simultaneously. In cases where a certificate of execution has been granted pursuant to the provisions of Article 27, transcripts of the certificate of execution and the document produced by the obligee pursuant to the provisions of said Article shall also have been served in advance or simultaneously.
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(期限の到来又は担保の提供に係る場合の強制執行)
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(Compulsory Execution in Cases Relating to Arrival of Fixed Due Date or Provision of Security)
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第三十条請求が確定期限の到来に係る場合においては、強制執行は、その期限の到来後に限り、開始することができる。
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Article 30(1)In cases where a claim relates to arrival of a fixed due date, compulsory execution may be commenced only after the arrival of such due date.
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(反対給付又は他の給付の不履行に係る場合の強制執行)
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(Compulsory Execution in Cases Relating to Default of Counter-performance or Another Performance)
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第三十一条債務者の給付が反対給付と引換えにすべきものである場合においては、強制執行は、債権者が反対給付又はその提供のあつたことを証明したときに限り、開始することができる。
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Article 31(1)In cases where performance by an obligor is to be provided in exchange for counter-performance, compulsory execution may be commenced only when the obligee proved that he/she has provided the counter-performance or has made an offer thereof.
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(2)When performance by an obligor is to be provided in lieu of another performance in cases where the purpose of compulsory execution is unable to be achieved with regard to such other performance, compulsory execution may be commenced only when the obligee proved that the purpose of compulsory execution was unable to be achieved with regard to such other performance.
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(執行文の付与等に関する異議の申立て)
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(Filing of an Objection Concerning Grant of a Certificate of Execution, etc.)
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第三十二条執行文の付与の申立てに関する処分に対しては、裁判所書記官の処分にあつてはその裁判所書記官の所属する裁判所に、公証人の処分にあつてはその公証人の役場の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に異議を申し立てることができる。
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Article 32(1)Against a disposition concerning a petition for grant of a certificate of execution, an objection may be filed with the court to which the court clerk belongs in the case of a disposition by a court clerk, and with the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the public office of the notary in the case of a disposition by a notary.
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(2)If an objection to grant of a certificate of execution has been filed, the court may, until a judicial decision on the objection is made, order a stay of compulsory execution while requiring or not requiring provision of security or order continuation of such compulsory execution while requiring provision of security. When there are pressing circumstances, the presiding judge may also order such dispositions.
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(5)The provisions of the preceding paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis to issuance of an authenticated copy of a final and binding judgment made in an action on small claim or a judgment of an action on small claim or demand for payment with a declaration of provisional execution under the provisions of Article 28 (2).
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(執行文付与の訴え)
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(Action for Grant of a Certificate of Execution)
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第三十三条第二十七条第一項又は第二項に規定する文書の提出をすることができないときは、債権者は、執行文(同条第三項の規定により付与されるものを除く。)の付与を求めるために、執行文付与の訴えを提起することができる。
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Article 33(1)When an obligee is unable to produce the document prescribed in Article 27 (1) or (2), he/she may file an action for grant of a certificate of execution in order to seek grant of a certificate of execution (excluding one granted pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) of said Article).
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一第二十二条第一号から第三号まで、第六号又は第六号の二に掲げる債務名義並びに同条第七号に掲げる債務名義のうち次号及び第六号に掲げるもの以外のもの第一審裁判所
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(i)Any of the titles of obligation set forth in Article 22 (i) to (iii), (vi) and (vi)-2, or the title of obligation set forth in item (vii) of said Article excluding that set forth in the following item or item (vi):The court of first instance
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一の二第二十二条第三号の二に掲げる債務名義並びに同条第七号に掲げる債務名義のうち損害賠償命令並びに損害賠償命令事件に関する手続における和解及び請求の認諾に係るもの損害賠償命令事件が係属していた地方裁判所
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(i)-2The title of obligation set forth in Article 22 (iii)-2 or the title of obligation set forth in item (vii) of said Article which relates to an order of compensation of damages or relates to a settlement or acknowledgment of claim in a procedure concerning a case of an order of compensation of damages:The district court before which the case of an order of compensation of damages was pending
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二第二十二条第四号に掲げる債務名義のうち次号に掲げるもの以外のもの仮執行の宣言を付した支払督促を発した裁判所書記官の所属する簡易裁判所(仮執行の宣言を付した支払督促に係る請求が簡易裁判所の管轄に属しないものであるときは、その簡易裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所)
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(ii)The title of obligation set forth in Article 22 (iv) excluding that set forth in the following item:The summary court to which the court clerk who has issued the demand for payment with a declaration of provisional execution belongs (or, if the claim relating to the demand for payment with a declaration of provisional execution is not under the jurisdiction of the summary court, the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the summary court)
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三第二十二条第四号に掲げる債務名義のうち民事訴訟法第百三十二条の十第一項本文の規定による支払督促の申立て又は同法第四百二条第一項に規定する方式により記載された書面をもつてされた支払督促の申立てによるもの当該支払督促の申立てについて同法第三百九十八条(同法第四百二条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定により訴えの提起があつたものとみなされる裁判所
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(iii)The title of obligation set forth in Article 22 (iv) based on a petition for a demand for payment filed under the provisions of the main clause of Article 132-10 (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure or a petition for a demand for payment filed by means of a document prepared in the form prescribed in Article 402 (1) of said Act:The court with which an action is deemed to have been filed pursuant to the provisions of Article 398 of said Act (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 402 (2) of said Act) with regard to such petition for a demand for payment
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四第二十二条第四号の二に掲げる債務名義同号の処分をした裁判所書記官の所属する裁判所
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(iv)The title of obligation set forth in Article 22 (iv)-2:The court to which the court clerk who has made the disposition set forth in said item belongs
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五第二十二条第五号に掲げる債務名義債務者の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する裁判所(この普通裁判籍がないときは、請求の目的又は差し押さえることができる債務者の財産の所在地を管轄する裁判所)
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(v)The title of obligation set forth in Article 22 (v):The court having jurisdiction over the location of the general venue of the obligor (or, when there is no such general venue, the court having jurisdiction over the location of the subject matter of the claim or the seizable property of the obligor)
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六第二十二条第七号に掲げる債務名義のうち和解若しくは調停(上級裁判所において成立した和解及び調停を除く。)又は労働審判に係るもの(第一号の二に掲げるものを除く。)和解若しくは調停が成立した簡易裁判所、地方裁判所若しくは家庭裁判所(簡易裁判所において成立した和解又は調停に係る請求が簡易裁判所の管轄に属しないものであるときは、その簡易裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所)又は労働審判が行われた際に労働審判事件が係属していた地方裁判所
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(vi)The title of obligation set forth in Article 22 (vii) which relates to a settlement or a mediation (excluding a settlement or a mediation concluded at an upper instance court) or to labor tribunal judgment (excluding that set forth in item (i)-2):The summary court, district court or family court where the settlement or the mediation was concluded (or, if the claim relating to the settlement or the mediation concluded at a summary court is not under the jurisdiction of the summary court, the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the summary court) or the district court before which the labor tribunal case was pending when the labor tribunal judgment was made
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(執行文付与に対する異議の訴え)
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(Action to Oppose a Grant of a Certificate of Execution)
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第三十四条第二十七条の規定により執行文が付与された場合において、債権者の証明すべき事実の到来したこと又は債務名義に表示された当事者以外の者に対し、若しくはその者のために強制執行をすることができることについて異議のある債務者は、その執行文の付された債務名義の正本に基づく強制執行の不許を求めるために、執行文付与に対する異議の訴えを提起することができる。
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Article 34(1)In cases where a certificate of execution has been granted pursuant to the provisions of Article 27, an obligor who opposes that a fact to be proved by an obligee has actualized or that it is possible to carry out compulsory execution against or for a person other than a party concerned indicated in the title of obligation may file an action to oppose a grant of a certificate of execution in order to seek non-permission of compulsory execution based on an authenticated copy of the title of obligation attaching such certificate of execution.
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(請求異議の訴え)
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(Action to Oppose Execution)
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第三十五条債務名義(第二十二条第二号、第三号の二又は第四号に掲げる債務名義で確定前のものを除く。以下この項において同じ。)に係る請求権の存在又は内容について異議のある債務者は、その債務名義による強制執行の不許を求めるために、請求異議の訴えを提起することができる。裁判以外の債務名義の成立について異議のある債務者も、同様とする。
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Article 35(1)An obligor who opposes the presence or contents of the claim pertaining to a title of obligation (excluding a title of obligation set forth in Article 22 (ii), (iii)-2 or (iv) which has yet to become final and binding; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) may file an action to oppose execution in order to seek non-permission of compulsory execution based on such title of obligation. The same shall apply to an obligor who opposes establishment of a title of obligation other than a judicial decision.
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(執行文付与に対する異議の訴え等に係る執行停止の裁判)
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(Judicial Decision to Stay Execution pertaining to an Action to Oppose a Grant of a Certificate of Execution, etc.)
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第三十六条執行文付与に対する異議の訴え又は請求異議の訴えの提起があつた場合において、異議のため主張した事情が法律上理由があるとみえ、かつ、事実上の点について疎明があつたときは、受訴裁判所は、申立てにより、終局判決において次条第一項の裁判をするまでの間、担保を立てさせ、若しくは立てさせないで強制執行の停止を命じ、又はこれとともに、担保を立てさせて強制執行の続行を命じ、若しくは担保を立てさせて既にした執行処分の取消しを命ずることができる。急迫の事情があるときは、裁判長も、これらの処分を命ずることができる。
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Article 36(1)In cases where an action to oppose a grant of a certificate of execution or an action to oppose execution has been filed, if the circumstances alleged for opposition appear to be legally well-grounded and a prima facie showing is made on factual matters, the court in charge of the case may, upon petition, order a stay of compulsory execution while requiring or not requiring provision of security until the judicial decision set forth in paragraph (1) of the following Article is made in the final judgment, or, in addition to such order, order continuation of compulsory execution while requiring provision of security or order revocation of a disposition of execution already made while requiring provision of security. When there are pressing circumstances, the presiding judge may also order such dispositions.
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(3)In cases where the grounds prescribed in paragraph (1) exist, if there are pressing circumstances, the execution court may, upon petition, order the dispositions prescribed in said paragraph, while specifying a period for submitting an authenticated copy of a judicial decision under the provisions of said paragraph. This judicial decision may also be made prior to the filing of an action to oppose a grant of a certificate of execution or an action to oppose execution.
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(4)When the period specified pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph has expired or when a judicial decision under the provisions of paragraph (1) has been submitted to the execution court or court execution officer within such period, the judicial decision set forth in the preceding paragraph shall cease to be effective.
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(終局判決における執行停止の裁判等)
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(Judicial Decision to Stay Execution in the Final Judgment, etc.)
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第三十七条受訴裁判所は、執行文付与に対する異議の訴え又は請求異議の訴えについての終局判決において、前条第一項に規定する処分を命じ、又は既にした同項の規定による裁判を取り消し、変更し、若しくは認可することができる。この裁判については、仮執行の宣言をしなければならない。
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Article 37(1)The court in charge of the case may, in the final judgment on an action to oppose a grant of a certificate of execution or an action to oppose execution, order the dispositions prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article or revoke, change or approve a judicial decision under the provisions of said paragraph that has already been made. The court shall make a declaration of provisional execution for this judicial decision.
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(第三者異議の訴え)
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(Third Party Action against Execution)
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第三十八条強制執行の目的物について所有権その他目的物の譲渡又は引渡しを妨げる権利を有する第三者は、債権者に対し、その強制執行の不許を求めるために、第三者異議の訴えを提起することができる。
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Article 38(1)A third party who has ownership of the subject matter of compulsory execution or any other right that obstructs assignment or delivery of the subject matter may file, against the obligee, a third party action against execution in order to seek non-permission of such compulsory execution.
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(強制執行の停止)
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(Stay of Compulsory Execution)
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第三十九条強制執行は、次に掲げる文書の提出があつたときは、停止しなければならない。
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Article 39(1)Compulsory execution shall be stayed if any of the following documents has been submitted:
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一債務名義(執行証書を除く。)若しくは仮執行の宣言を取り消す旨又は強制執行を許さない旨を記載した執行力のある裁判の正本
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(i)An enforceable authenticated copy of a judicial decision containing a statement to the effect that a title of obligation (excluding an execution deed) or a declaration of provisional execution shall be revoked or a statement to the effect that compulsory execution shall not be permitted
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二債務名義に係る和解、認諾、調停又は労働審判の効力がないことを宣言する確定判決の正本
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(ii)An authenticated copy of a final and binding judgment declaring invalidity of a settlement, acknowledgment, mediation or labor tribunal judgment pertaining to a title of obligation
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三第二十二条第二号から第四号の二までに掲げる債務名義が訴えの取下げその他の事由により効力を失つたことを証する調書の正本その他の裁判所書記官の作成した文書
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(iii)An authenticated copy of a record or any other document prepared by a court clerk which proves that any of the titles of obligation set forth in Article 22 (ii) to (iv)-2 has ceased to be effective due to withdrawal of the action or any other grounds
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四強制執行をしない旨又はその申立てを取り下げる旨を記載した裁判上の和解若しくは調停の調書の正本又は労働審判法(平成十六年法律第四十五号)第二十一条第四項の規定により裁判上の和解と同一の効力を有する労働審判の審判書若しくは同法第二十条第七項の調書の正本
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(iv)An authenticated copy of a record of a judicial settlement or mediation containing a statement to the effect that compulsory execution shall not be carried out or that a petition for such compulsory execution shall be withdrawn, or an authenticated copy of a judgment document of a labor tribunal judgment that has the same effect as a judicial settlement pursuant to the provisions of Article 21 (4) of the Labor Tribunal Act (Act No. 45 of 2004) or an authenticated copy of the record set forth in Article 20 (7) of said Act
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五強制執行を免れるための担保を立てたことを証する文書
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(v)A document proving that security for avoiding compulsory execution has been provided
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六強制執行の停止及び執行処分の取消しを命ずる旨を記載した裁判の正本
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(vi)An authenticated copy of a judicial decision containing a statement to the effect that a stay of compulsory execution and revocation of a disposition of execution shall be ordered
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七強制執行の一時の停止を命ずる旨を記載した裁判の正本
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(vii)An authenticated copy of a judicial decision containing a statement to the effect that a temporary stay of compulsory execution shall be ordered
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八債権者が、債務名義の成立後に、弁済を受け、又は弁済の猶予を承諾した旨を記載した文書
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(viii)A document containing a statement to the effect that an obligee received performance or consented to granting grace of performance after establishment of a title of obligation
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(執行処分の取消し)
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(Revocation of a Disposition of Execution)
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第四十条前条第一項第一号から第六号までに掲げる文書が提出されたときは、執行裁判所又は執行官は、既にした執行処分をも取り消さなければならない。
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Article 40(1)When any of the documents set forth in paragraph (1)(i) to (vi) of the preceding Article has been submitted, the execution court or court execution officer shall revoke even a disposition of execution that has already been made.
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(債務者が死亡した場合の強制執行の続行)
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(Continuation of Compulsory Execution in Cases where the Obligor Has Died)
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第四十一条強制執行は、その開始後に債務者が死亡した場合においても、続行することができる。
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Article 41(1)Compulsory execution may be continued even in cases where the obligor died after its commencement.
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(3)The provisions of Article 35 (2) and (3) of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis to the special agent set forth in the preceding paragraph.
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(執行費用の負担)
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(Burdening of Execution Costs)
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第四十二条強制執行の費用で必要なもの(以下「執行費用」という。)は、債務者の負担とする。
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Article 42(1)The costs of compulsory execution that are necessary (hereinafter referred to as "execution costs") shall be borne by the obligor.
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(3)When a judicial decision revoking a title of obligation (excluding an execution deed) on which compulsory execution is based, or a judgment declaring invalidity of a settlement, acknowledgment, mediation or labor tribunal judgment pertaining to a title of obligation has become final and binding, the obligee shall return, to the obligor, money equivalent to the execution costs that have been paid to the obligee.
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(4)The portion of the execution costs to be borne by an obligor pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) other than what has been collected pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) and the amount of money to be returned by an obligee pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be specified, upon petition, by a court clerk of the execution court.
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(6)The execution court shall, in cases where it finds that a filing of an objection to a disposition by a court clerk under the provisions of paragraph (4) is well-grounded, and it should determine the execution costs and the amount of money to be returned prescribed in said paragraph, determine such amount itself.
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(9)The provisions of Article 74 (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis to a disposition by a court clerk under the provisions of paragraph (4).In this case, the provisions of paragraph (5), paragraph (7), the preceding paragraph and Article 74 (3) shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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第二節 金銭の支払を目的とする債権についての強制執行
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Section 2 Compulsory Execution for a Claim for Payment of Money
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第一款 不動産に対する強制執行
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Subsection 1 Compulsory Execution against Real Property
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第一目 通則
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Division 1 General Rules
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(不動産執行の方法)
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(Method of Execution against Real Property)
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第四十三条不動産(登記することができない土地の定着物を除く。以下この節において同じ。)に対する強制執行(以下「不動産執行」という。)は、強制競売又は強制管理の方法により行う。これらの方法は、併用することができる。
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Article 43(1)Compulsory execution against real property (excluding any fixtures on land that are not registrable; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Section) (such compulsory execution shall hereinafter be referred to as "execution against real property") shall be carried out by the method of a compulsory auction or compulsory administration. These methods may be used jointly.
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(執行裁判所)
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(Execution Court)
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第四十四条不動産執行については、その所在地(前条第二項の規定により不動産とみなされるものにあつては、その登記をすべき地)を管轄する地方裁判所が、執行裁判所として管轄する。
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Article 44(1)The district court having jurisdiction over the relevant location (or, for what is regarded to be real property pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, the place where it is to be registered) shall have jurisdiction over execution against real property as the execution court.
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(2)In cases where a building exists over multiple jurisdictional districts of district courts, either or any of the district courts having jurisdiction over the location of the land on which such building exists shall have jurisdiction over compulsory execution against such building as the execution court, and the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the relevant land or the district court that has received a petition for compulsory execution against the building shall have jurisdiction over compulsory execution against the land on which such building exists as the execution court.
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第二目 強制競売
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Division 2 Compulsory Auction
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(開始決定等)
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(Commencement Order, etc.)
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第四十五条執行裁判所は、強制競売の手続を開始するには、強制競売の開始決定をし、その開始決定において、債権者のために不動産を差し押さえる旨を宣言しなければならない。
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Article 45(1)An execution court shall, in order to commence a compulsory auction procedure, issue a commencement order for a compulsory auction, and, in such commencement order, declare that real property shall be seized for the obligee.
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(差押えの効力)
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(Effects of a Seizure)
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第四十六条差押えの効力は、強制競売の開始決定が債務者に送達された時に生ずる。ただし、差押えの登記がその開始決定の送達前にされたときは、登記がされた時に生ずる。
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Article 46(1)A seizure shall become effective when a commencement order for a compulsory auction was served upon the obligor; provided, however, that if the seizure was registered prior to the service of the commencement order, the seizure shall become effective at the time of the registration.
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(二重開始決定)
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(Overlapped Commencement Order)
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第四十七条強制競売又は担保権の実行としての競売(以下この節において「競売」という。)の開始決定がされた不動産について強制競売の申立てがあつたときは、執行裁判所は、更に強制競売の開始決定をするものとする。
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Article 47(1)When a petition for a compulsory auction was filed for real property for which a commencement order for a compulsory auction or an auction for exercise of a security interest (hereinafter referred to as an "auction" in this Section) has been issued, the execution court shall issue another commencement order for a compulsory auction.
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(2)When a petition for a compulsory auction or an auction pertaining to an earlier commencement order has been withdrawn or when the procedure of a compulsory auction or an auction pertaining to an earlier commencement order has been rescinded, the execution court shall continue the procedure based on a later commencement order for a compulsory auction.
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(3)In the cases set forth in the preceding paragraph, if a later commencement order for a compulsory auction pertains to a petition filed after the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution, the court clerk shall set a new time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution.In this case, it is not required to give a notice under the provisions of Article 49 (2) to any person who has already filed a proof as set forth in Article 50 (1) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188).
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(6)When the procedure of a compulsory auction or an auction pertaining to an earlier commencement order has been stayed, the execution court may, upon petition, make a judicial decision to continue the procedure based on a later commencement order for a compulsory auction (limited to one pertaining to a petition filed no later than the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution); provided, however, that this shall not apply if rescission of the procedure of a compulsory auction or an auction pertaining to the earlier commencement order shall cause a change to the matter set forth in Article 62 (1)(ii).
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(差押えの登記の嘱託等)
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(Commission of Registration of a Seizure, etc.)
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第四十八条強制競売の開始決定がされたときは、裁判所書記官は、直ちに、その開始決定に係る差押えの登記を嘱託しなければならない。
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Article 48(1)When a commencement order for a compulsory auction has been issued, a court clerk shall immediately commission registration of the seizure pertaining to such commencement order.
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(開始決定及び配当要求の終期の公告等)
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(Public Notice of a Commencement Order and the Time Limit for a Demand for Liquidating Distribution, etc.)
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第四十九条強制競売の開始決定に係る差押えの効力が生じた場合(その開始決定前に強制競売又は競売の開始決定がある場合を除く。)においては、裁判所書記官は、物件明細書の作成までの手続に要する期間を考慮して、配当要求の終期を定めなければならない。
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Article 49(1)In cases where a seizure pertaining to a commencement order for a compulsory auction has become effective (excluding cases where another commencement order for a compulsory auction or an auction has been issued prior to said commencement order), a court clerk shall set the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution by taking into consideration the period required for the procedure for preparation of the description of property.
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(2)A court clerk shall, when having set the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution, give public notice of the fact that a commencement order has been issued and the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution, and give a notice to the following persons or entities that they are to notify the execution court of the presence or absence of claims (including interests and any other incidental claims) and the basis and amounts of such claims by the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution:
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一第八十七条第一項第三号に掲げる債権者
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(i)Obligees set forth in Article 87 (1)(iii)
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二第八十七条第一項第四号に掲げる債権者(抵当証券の所持人にあつては、知れている所持人に限る。)
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(ii)Obligees set forth in Article 87 (1)(iv) (in cases of holders of mortgage securities, limited to known holders)
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三租税その他の公課を所管する官庁又は公署
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(iii)Government agencies or public offices that have jurisdiction over tax and any other public charges
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(催告を受けた者の債権の届出義務)
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(Obligation of the Persons who Received a Notice to File Proofs of Their Claims)
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第五十条前条第二項の規定による催告を受けた同項第一号又は第二号に掲げる者は、配当要求の終期までに、その催告に係る事項について届出をしなければならない。
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Article 50(1)The person set forth in paragraph (2)(i) or (ii) of the preceding Article who has received a notice under the provisions of said paragraph shall file a proof of the matters pertaining to such notice by the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution.
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(配当要求)
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(Demand for Liquidating Distribution)
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第五十一条第二十五条の規定により強制執行を実施することができる債務名義の正本(以下「執行力のある債務名義の正本」という。)を有する債権者、強制競売の開始決定に係る差押えの登記後に登記された仮差押債権者及び第百八十一条第一項各号に掲げる文書により一般の先取特権を有することを証明した債権者は、配当要求をすることができる。
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Article 51(1)An obligee having an authenticated copy of a title of obligation based on which compulsory execution may be implemented pursuant to the provisions of Article 25 (hereinafter referred to as an "enforceable authenticated copy of a title of obligation"), an obligee effecting a provisional seizure who has been registered after the registration of the seizure pertaining to a commencement order for a compulsory auction, and an obligee who has proved that he/she has a general statutory lien based on any of the documents listed in the items of Article 181 (1) may make a demand for liquidating distribution.
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(配当要求の終期の変更)
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(Change of the Time Limit for a Demand for Liquidating Distribution)
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第五十二条配当要求の終期から、三月以内に売却許可決定がされないとき、又は三月以内にされた売却許可決定が取り消され、若しくは効力を失つたときは、配当要求の終期は、その終期から三月を経過した日に変更されたものとみなす。ただし、配当要求の終期から三月以内にされた売却許可決定が効力を失つた場合において、第六十七条の規定による次順位買受けの申出について売却許可決定がされたとき(その決定が取り消され、又は効力を失つたときを除く。)は、この限りでない。
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Article 52When an order of permission of sale is not issued within three months from the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution or when an order of permission of sale that was issued within such three months has been revoked or ceased to be effective, the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution shall be deemed to have been changed to the day on which three months have elapsed from such time limit; provided, however, that this shall not apply in cases where an order of permission of sale that was issued within three months from the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution has ceased to be effective and an order of permission of sale has been issued for the next-highest purchase offer under the provisions of Article 67 (excluding cases where such order has been revoked or has ceased to be effective).
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(不動産の滅失等による強制競売の手続の取消し)
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(Rescission of the Procedure of a Compulsory Auction Due to a Loss of Real Property, etc.)
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第五十三条不動産の滅失その他売却による不動産の移転を妨げる事情が明らかとなつたときは、執行裁判所は、強制競売の手続を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 53When a loss of real property or any other circumstance that hinders transfer of real property has become clear, the execution court shall rescind the procedure of a compulsory auction.
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(差押えの登記の抹消の嘱託)
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(Commission of Cancellation of Registration of a Seizure)
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第五十四条強制競売の申立てが取り下げられたとき、又は強制競売の手続を取り消す決定が効力を生じたときは、裁判所書記官は、その開始決定に係る差押えの登記の抹消を嘱託しなければならない。
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Article 54(1)When a petition for a compulsory auction has been withdrawn or when an order to rescind the procedure of a compulsory auction has become effective, a court clerk shall commission cancellation of registration of the seizure pertaining to the commencement order for such compulsory auction.
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(売却のための保全処分等)
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(Temporary Restraining Order for Sale, etc.)
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第五十五条執行裁判所は、債務者又は不動産の占有者が価格減少行為(不動産の価格を減少させ、又は減少させるおそれがある行為をいう。以下この項において同じ。)をするときは、差押債権者(配当要求の終期後に強制競売又は競売の申立てをした差押債権者を除く。)の申立てにより、買受人が代金を納付するまでの間、次に掲げる保全処分又は公示保全処分(執行官に、当該保全処分の内容を、不動産の所在する場所に公示書その他の標識を掲示する方法により公示させることを内容とする保全処分をいう。以下同じ。)を命ずることができる。ただし、当該価格減少行為による不動産の価格の減少又はそのおそれの程度が軽微であるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 55(1)When an obligor or a possessor of real property has committed a price reducing act (meaning an act that reduces or is likely to reduce the price of real property; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph), an execution court may, upon petition by an obligee effecting a seizure (excluding an obligee effecting a seizure who filed a petition for a compulsory auction or an auction after the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution), issue the temporary restraining order and/or the temporary restraining order to give public notice (meaning a temporary restraining order to have a court execution officer give public notice of the contents of the relevant temporary restraining order by posting a written public notice or any other sign at the place where the real property is located; the same shall apply hereinafter) set forth in any of the following items, until the purchaser pays the price; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the reduction in the price caused by such price reducing act or the extent of such likelihood is slight:
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一当該価格減少行為をする者に対し、当該価格減少行為を禁止し、又は一定の行為をすることを命ずる保全処分(執行裁判所が必要があると認めるときは、公示保全処分を含む。)
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(i)A temporary restraining order prohibiting the person who commits the price reducing act from committing such price reducing act or ordering such person to conduct a certain act (including a temporary restraining order to give public notice, if the execution court finds it to be necessary)
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二次に掲げる事項を内容とする保全処分(執行裁判所が必要があると認めるときは、公示保全処分を含む。)
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(ii)A temporary restraining order containing the following matters (including a temporary restraining order to give public notice, if the execution court finds it to be necessary):
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イ当該価格減少行為をする者に対し、不動産に対する占有を解いて執行官に引き渡すことを命ずること。
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(a)Ordering the person who commits the price reducing act to release real property from his/her possession and deliver it to the court execution officer
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ロ執行官に不動産の保管をさせること。
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(b)Having the court execution officer retain the real property
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三次に掲げる事項を内容とする保全処分及び公示保全処分
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(iii)A temporary restraining order containing the following matters and a temporary restraining order to give public notice:
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イ前号イ及びロに掲げる事項
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(a)The matters set forth in (a) and (b) of the preceding item
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ロ前号イに規定する者に対し、不動産の占有の移転を禁止することを命じ、及び当該不動産の使用を許すこと。
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(b)Prohibiting the person prescribed in (a) of the preceding item from transferring the possession of real property and permitting such person to use the real property
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一前項の債務者が不動産を占有する場合
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(i)Cases where the obligor set forth in the preceding paragraph possesses the real property
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二前項の不動産の占有者の占有の権原が差押債権者、仮差押債権者又は第五十九条第一項の規定により消滅する権利を有する者に対抗することができない場合
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(ii)Cases where the title to possession held by the possessor of the real property set forth in the preceding paragraph may not be duly asserted against the obligee effecting a seizure, the obligee effecting a provisional seizure or the person whose right shall be extinguished pursuant to the provisions of Article 59 (1)
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(4)When an execution court issues an order under the provisions of paragraph (1), it may have the petitioner provide security; provided, however, that the temporary restraining order set forth in item (ii) of said paragraph may not be issued under the provisions of said paragraph without having the petitioner provide security.
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(10)The expenses required for the petition set forth in paragraph (1) or the execution of an order under the provisions of said paragraph (excluding item (i)) (including the expenses required for retention of real property) shall be treated as administrative expenses in the compulsory auction procedure against such real property.
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(相手方を特定しないで発する売却のための保全処分等)
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(Temporary Restraining Order for Sale Issued without Specifying the Opposite Party, etc.)
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第五十五条の二前条第一項第二号又は第三号に掲げる保全処分又は公示保全処分を命ずる決定については、当該決定の執行前に相手方を特定することを困難とする特別の事情があるときは、執行裁判所は、相手方を特定しないで、これを発することができる。
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Article 55-2(1)An execution court may issue an order granting the temporary restraining order or the temporary restraining order to give public notice set forth in paragraph (1)(ii) or (iii) of the preceding Article without specifying the opposite party when there are special circumstances that make it difficult to specify the opposite party prior to execution of such order.
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4第一項の規定による決定は、前条第八項の期間内にその執行がされなかつたときは、相手方に対して送達することを要しない。この場合において、第十五条第二項において準用する民事訴訟法第七十九条第一項の規定による担保の取消しの決定で前条第四項の規定により立てさせた担保に係るものは、執行裁判所が相当と認める方法で申立人に告知することによつて、その効力を生ずる。
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(4)An order under the provisions of paragraph (1) is not required to be served upon the opposite party if such order was not executed within the period set forth in paragraph (8) of the preceding Article.In this case, an order of rescission of security under the provisions of Article 79 (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 15 (2), which pertains to the security that was caused to be provided under the provisions of paragraph (4) of the preceding Article, shall become effective by notifying the petitioner by a method found to be reasonable by the execution court.
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(地代等の代払の許可)
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(Permission to Pay a Land Rent, etc. in Place of the Obligor)
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第五十六条建物に対し強制競売の開始決定がされた場合において、その建物の所有を目的とする地上権又は賃借権について債務者が地代又は借賃を支払わないときは、執行裁判所は、申立てにより、差押債権者(配当要求の終期後に強制競売又は競売の申立てをした差押債権者を除く。)がその不払の地代又は借賃を債務者に代わつて弁済することを許可することができる。
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Article 56(1)In cases where a commencement order for a compulsory auction has been issued against a building, if the obligor fails to pay a rent for the superficies or right of lease for owning such building, the execution court may, upon petition, permit the obligee effecting a seizure (excluding an obligee effecting a seizure who filed a petition for a compulsory auction or an auction after the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution) to perform such unpaid rent in place of the obligor.
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(現況調査)
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(Investigation of the Current Conditions)
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第五十七条執行裁判所は、執行官に対し、不動産の形状、占有関係その他の現況について調査を命じなければならない。
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Article 57(1)An execution court shall order a court execution officer to investigate the shape, possession status and any other current conditions of real property.
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(4)In cases where it is necessary for the investigation set forth in paragraph (1), a court execution officer may request the municipality (or, for an area where there are special wards, the metropolitan government) to deliver copies of drawings or any other materials it possesses with regard to the fixed property tax imposed on the real property (when the real property is land, it shall include any building built on such land, and when the real property is a building, it shall include the building site).
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(評価)
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(Appraisal)
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第五十八条執行裁判所は、評価人を選任し、不動産の評価を命じなければならない。
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Article 58(1)An execution court shall appoint an appraiser and order him/her to appraise real property.
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(2)An appraiser shall make an appraisal without delay by appropriately taking into consideration the transaction prices of the same kind of real property in the neighborhood, profits that are to arise from the real property, the cost of the real property and any other circumstances affecting the price formation of the real property.In this case, the appraiser shall take into account that it is an appraisal for implementing the sale of real property in a compulsory auction procedure.
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(売却に伴う権利の消滅等)
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(Extinguishment of Rights upon Sales, etc.)
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第五十九条不動産の上に存する先取特権、使用及び収益をしない旨の定めのある質権並びに抵当権は、売却により消滅する。
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Article 59(1)Any statutory lien, any pledge with provisions not to use or make profits from real property and any mortgage existing on real property shall be extinguished upon sales.
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(3)Any execution of a seizure or provisional seizure of real property and any execution of a provisional disposition that may not be duly asserted against a person whose right shall be extinguished pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), an obligee effecting a seizure or an obligee effecting a provisional seizure shall cease to be effective upon sales.
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(5)When a person having an interest has given notification that he/she has concluded an agreement that differs from the provisions of paragraph (1), paragraph (2) or the preceding paragraph by the time when the standard sales price under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the following Article is determined, the changes in rights on real property through the sale shall be in accordance with such agreement.
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(売却基準価額の決定等)
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(Order on the Standard Sales Price, etc.)
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第六十条執行裁判所は、評価人の評価に基づいて、不動産の売却の額の基準となるべき価額(以下「売却基準価額」という。)を定めなければならない。
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Article 60(1)An execution court shall determine the price that is to serve as the standard for the sales price of real property (hereinafter referred to as the "standard sales price"), based on an appraisal by an appraiser.
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(一括売却)
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(Package Sale)
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第六十一条執行裁判所は、相互の利用上不動産を他の不動産(差押債権者又は債務者を異にするものを含む。)と一括して同一の買受人に買い受けさせることが相当であると認めるときは、これらの不動産を一括して売却することを定めることができる。ただし、一個の申立てにより強制競売の開始決定がされた数個の不動産のうち、あるものの買受可能価額で各債権者の債権及び執行費用の全部を弁済することができる見込みがある場合には、債務者の同意があるときに限る。
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Article 61An execution court may, when it finds it to be reasonable to have the same purchaser purchase a piece of real property and another piece(s) of real property (including those pertaining to a different obligee effecting a seizure or a different obligor) considering the relationship in the use of the respective pieces of property, determine to sell such pieces of property in a package; provided, however, that this shall be limited to cases where the consent of the obligor(s) has been obtained, if it is expected to be possible to fully perform the claims and execution costs of the respective obligees with the minimum purchase price of part of the several pieces of property for which a commencement order for a compulsory auction has been issued based on a single petition.
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(物件明細書)
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(Description of Property)
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第六十二条裁判所書記官は、次に掲げる事項を記載した物件明細書を作成しなければならない。
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Article 62(1)A court clerk shall prepare a description of property stating the following matters:
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一不動産の表示
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(i)Indication of the real property
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二不動産に係る権利の取得及び仮処分の執行で売却によりその効力を失わないもの
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(ii)Any acquisition of rights pertaining to the real property or any execution of provisional dispositions that shall not cease to be effective upon sales
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三売却により設定されたものとみなされる地上権の概要
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(iii)The outline of the superficies that shall be deemed to have been established upon sales
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(2)A court clerk shall keep a copy of the description of property set forth in the preceding paragraph at the execution court and make it available for public inspection or take the measure specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court for enabling many and unspecified persons to access the contents of said description of property.
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(剰余を生ずる見込みのない場合等の措置)
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(Measures Taken in Cases where Surplus Is not Expected, etc.)
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第六十三条執行裁判所は、次の各号のいずれかに該当すると認めるときは、その旨を差押債権者(最初の強制競売の開始決定に係る差押債権者をいう。ただし、第四十七条第六項の規定により手続を続行する旨の裁判があつたときは、その裁判を受けた差押債権者をいう。以下この条において同じ。)に通知しなければならない。
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Article 63(1)An execution court shall, if it finds that any of the following items apply, notify the obligee effecting a seizure (meaning the obligee effecting a seizure pertaining to the first commencement order for a compulsory auction, or, if a judicial decision to continue the procedure under the provisions of Article 47 (6) has been issued, the obligee effecting a seizure who received such judicial decision; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article) to that effect:
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一差押債権者の債権に優先する債権(以下この条において「優先債権」という。)がない場合において、不動産の買受可能価額が執行費用のうち共益費用であるもの(以下「手続費用」という。)の見込額を超えないとき。
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(i)In cases where there is no claim that takes preference over the claim of the obligee effecting a seizure (hereinafter referred to as a "preferential claim" in this Article), if the minimum purchase price of the real property does not exceed the estimated amount of the part of the execution costs that constitutes administrative expenses (hereinafter referred to as "procedural expenses")
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二優先債権がある場合において、不動産の買受可能価額が手続費用及び優先債権の見込額の合計額に満たないとき。
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(ii)In cases where there is a preferential claim, the minimum purchase price of the real property is below the total of the estimated amount of the procedural expenses and that of the preferential claim
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2差押債権者が、前項の規定による通知を受けた日から一週間以内に、優先債権がない場合にあつては手続費用の見込額を超える額、優先債権がある場合にあつては手続費用及び優先債権の見込額の合計額以上の額(以下この項において「申出額」という。)を定めて、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める申出及び保証の提供をしないときは、執行裁判所は、差押債権者の申立てに係る強制競売の手続を取り消さなければならない。ただし、差押債権者が、その期間内に、前項各号のいずれにも該当しないことを証明したとき、又は同項第二号に該当する場合であつて不動産の買受可能価額が手続費用の見込額を超える場合において、不動産の売却について優先債権を有する者(買受可能価額で自己の優先債権の全部の弁済を受けることができる見込みがある者を除く。)の同意を得たことを証明したときは、この限りでない。
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(2)When the obligee effecting a seizure fails to make an offer or to provide a guarantee, as provided in each of the following items for the cases set forth respectively therein, within one week from the day of receipt of a notice under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, by deciding, where there is no preferential claim, a price that exceeds the estimated amount of procedural expenses, or where there is a preferential claim, a price that is not less than the total of the estimated amount of procedural expenses and that of the preferential claim (such a price shall hereinafter be referred to as the "obligee's offered price" in this paragraph), the execution court shall rescind the procedure of a compulsory auction pertaining to the petition filed by the obligee effecting a seizure; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the obligee effecting a seizure has proved, within said period, that none of the items of the preceding paragraph apply, or that in the case set forth in item (ii) of said paragraph, the minimum purchase price of the real property exceeds the estimated amount of procedural expenses and that the consent has been obtained from the persons who have the preferential claim (excluding a person who is expected to be able to receive full performance of his/her preferential claim at the minimum purchase price) for the sale of the real property:
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一差押債権者が不動産の買受人になることができる場合申出額に達する買受けの申出がないときは、自ら申出額で不動産を買い受ける旨の申出及び申出額に相当する保証の提供
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(i)Cases where the obligee effecting a seizure is able to purchase the real property:Making of an offer to the effect that the obligee effecting a seizure shall purchase the real property at the obligee's offered price if there is no purchase offer that reaches the obligee's offered price, and provision of a guarantee equivalent to the obligee's offered price
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二差押債権者が不動産の買受人になることができない場合買受けの申出の額が申出額に達しないときは、申出額と買受けの申出の額との差額を負担する旨の申出及び申出額と買受可能価額との差額に相当する保証の提供
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(ii)Cases where the obligee effecting a seizure is unable to purchase the real property:Making of an offer to the effect that the obligee effecting a seizure shall pay any difference between the obligee's offered price and the purchase offer price if the purchase offer price fails to reach the obligee's offered price, and provision of a guarantee equivalent to the difference between the obligee's offered price and the minimum purchase price
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(3)In cases where an offer has been made and a guarantee has been provided under item (ii) of the preceding paragraph, if there is no purchase offer at or beyond the minimum purchase price, the execution court shall rescind the procedure of a compulsory auction pertaining to the petition filed by the obligee effecting a seizure.
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(売却の方法及び公告)
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(Method of Sale and Public Notice)
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第六十四条不動産の売却は、裁判所書記官の定める売却の方法により行う。
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Article 64(1)Real property shall be sold by the method of sale specified by a court clerk.
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(4)In the cases set forth in the preceding paragraph, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 93 (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20, the date for ordering a sale shall be designated by the court clerk simultaneously with a disposition to have a sale implemented.
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(内覧)
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(Preliminary Inspection)
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第六十四条の二執行裁判所は、差押債権者(配当要求の終期後に強制競売又は競売の申立てをした差押債権者を除く。)の申立てがあるときは、執行官に対し、内覧(不動産の買受けを希望する者をこれに立ち入らせて見学させることをいう。以下この条において同じ。)の実施を命じなければならない。ただし、当該不動産の占有者の占有の権原が差押債権者、仮差押債権者及び第五十九条第一項の規定により消滅する権利を有する者に対抗することができる場合で当該占有者が同意しないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 64-2(1)An execution court shall, upon petition by the obligee effecting a seizure (excluding an obligee effecting a seizure who filed a petition for a compulsory auction or an auction after the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution), order a court execution officer to implement a preliminary inspection (meaning an occasion of having persons wishing to purchase the real property enter and inspect the real property; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article); provided, however, that this shall not apply when the title to possession held by the possessor of such real property may be duly asserted against the obligee effecting a seizure, the obligee effecting a provisional seizure or the person whose right shall be extinguished pursuant to the provisions of Article 59 (1), and such possessor does not give his/her consent.
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(3)The court execution officer who has received the order set forth in paragraph (1) shall, by the time of implementation of the sale, implement a preliminary inspection for persons who have requested to participate in the preliminary inspection pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court (excluding those who lack the qualification or capacity to purchase the real property or those for whom any of the grounds specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court exist; referred to as "preliminary inspection participants" in paragraph (5) and paragraph (6)).
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(売却の場所の秩序維持)
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(Maintenance of Order at the Place of Sale)
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第六十五条執行官は、次に掲げる者に対し、売却の場所に入ることを制限し、若しくはその場所から退場させ、又は買受けの申出をさせないことができる。
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Article 65A court execution officer may restrict entry of any of the following persons into the place of sale, have such persons leave such place or disallow such persons to make a purchase offer:
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一他の者の買受けの申出を妨げ、若しくは不当に価額を引き下げる目的をもつて連合する等売却の適正な実施を妨げる行為をし、又はその行為をさせた者
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(i)A person who has committed or caused another person to commit an act to obstruct other persons from making purchase offers or obstruct fair implementation of a sale, such as uniting for the purpose of unjustly lowering the price
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二他の民事執行の手続の売却不許可決定において前号に該当する者と認定され、その売却不許可決定の確定の日から二年を経過しない者
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(ii)A person who has been recognized to be a person falling under the preceding item in an order of non-permission of sale that has been issued in another civil execution procedure, where two years have yet to elapse from the day on which such order of non-permission of sale became final and binding
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三民事執行の手続における売却に関し刑法(明治四十年法律第四十五号)第九十五条から第九十六条の三まで、第百九十七条から第百九十七条の四まで若しくは第百九十八条又は公職にある者等のあっせん行為による利得等の処罰に関する法律(平成十二年法律第百三十号)第一条第一項、第二条第一項若しくは第四条の規定により刑に処せられ、その裁判の確定の日から二年を経過しない者
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(iii)A person who, in relation to a sale in a civil execution procedure, has been sentenced to a punishment pursuant to the provisions of Articles 95 to 96-3, Article 197 to 197-4 or Article 198 of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) or Article 1 (1), Article 2 (1) or Article 4 of the Act on Punishment of Persons Holding Public Office who Acquires Benefits by Exerting Influence (Act No. 130 of 2000), where two years have yet to elapse from the day on which the judicial decision thereof became final and binding
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(買受けの申出の保証)
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(Purchase Offer Guarantee)
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第六十六条不動産の買受けの申出をしようとする者は、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、執行裁判所が定める額及び方法による保証を提供しなければならない。
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Article 66A person who intends to make a purchase offer for real property shall provide a guarantee in the amount and by the method specified by the execution court pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(次順位買受けの申出)
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(Next-Highest Purchase Offer)
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第六十七条最高価買受申出人に次いで高額の買受けの申出をした者は、その買受けの申出の額が、買受可能価額以上で、かつ、最高価買受申出人の申出の額から買受けの申出の保証の額を控除した額以上である場合に限り、売却の実施の終了までに、執行官に対し、最高価買受申出人に係る売却許可決定が第八十条第一項の規定により効力を失うときは、自己の買受けの申出について売却を許可すべき旨の申出(以下「次順位買受けの申出」という。)をすることができる。
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Article 67A person who has made a purchase offer next highest to the highest purchase offeror may, provided that his/her purchase offer price is not less than the minimum purchase price and not less than the price obtained by deducting the amount of the purchase offer guarantee from the price offered by the highest purchase offeror, make an offer seeking permission of sale for his/her purchase offer in the event that the order of permission of sale pertaining to the highest purchase offeror ceases to be effective pursuant to the provisions of Article 80 (1) (such offer shall hereinafter be referred to as the "next-highest purchase offer") to a court execution officer, by the time of the termination of implementation of the sale.
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(債務者の買受けの申出の禁止)
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(Prohibition of a Purchase Offer by an Obligor)
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第六十八条債務者は、買受けの申出をすることができない。
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Article 68An obligor may not make a purchase offer.
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(買受けの申出をした差押債権者のための保全処分等)
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(Temporary Restraining Order for an Obligee Effecting a Seizure who Has Made a Purchase Offer, etc.)
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第六十八条の二執行裁判所は、裁判所書記官が入札又は競り売りの方法により売却を実施させても買受けの申出がなかつた場合において、債務者又は不動産の占有者が不動産の売却を困難にする行為をし、又はその行為をするおそれがあるときは、差押債権者(配当要求の終期後に強制競売又は競売の申立てをした差押債権者を除く。次項において同じ。)の申立てにより、買受人が代金を納付するまでの間、担保を立てさせて、次に掲げる事項を内容とする保全処分(執行裁判所が必要があると認めるときは、公示保全処分を含む。)を命ずることができる。
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Article 68-2(1)In cases where no purchase offer was made when the court clerk had a sale implemented by the method of bidding or an auction, if the obligor or the possessor of the real property has committed or is likely to commit an act that makes the sale of the real property difficult, the execution court may, upon petition by an obligee effecting a seizure (excluding an obligee effecting a seizure who filed a petition for a compulsory auction or an auction after the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution; the same shall apply in the following paragraph), issue a temporary restraining order containing the following matters (including a temporary restraining order to give public notice, if the execution court finds it to be necessary), while requiring provision of security, until a purchaser pays the price:
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一債務者又は不動産の占有者に対し、不動産に対する占有を解いて執行官又は申立人に引き渡すことを命ずること。
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(i)Ordering the obligor or the possessor of the real property to release the real property from his/her possession and deliver it to the court execution officer or the petitioner
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二執行官又は申立人に不動産の保管をさせること。
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(ii)Having the court execution officer or the petitioner retain the real property
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(2)An obligee effecting a seizure shall, in order to file the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph, decide on a price not less than the minimum purchase price (hereinafter referred to as the "obligee's offered price" in this paragraph), make an offer to the effect that he/she shall purchase the real property at the obligee's offered price if there is no purchase offer that reaches the obligee's offered price upon the next implementation of a sale by bidding or an auction, and provide a guarantee equivalent to the obligee's offered price.
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(4)The provisions of Article 55 (2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a temporary restraining order under the provisions of paragraph (1), the provisions of paragraph (3) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of paragraph (1), the provisions of paragraph (6) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to a judicial decision on the petition set forth in paragraph (1), a judicial decision under the provisions of the preceding paragraph or a judicial decision to dismiss the petition set forth in said paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (7) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (8) and paragraph (9) of said Article and Article 55-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order granting the temporary restraining order prescribed in paragraph (1), the provisions of Article 55 (10) shall apply mutatis mutandis to expenses required for the petition set forth in paragraph (1) or execution of an order under the provisions of said paragraph, and the provisions of Article 63 (4) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provision of a guarantee set forth in paragraph (2).
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(売却の見込みのない場合の措置)
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(Measures in Cases where Real Property Is Unlikely to be Sold)
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第六十八条の三執行裁判所は、裁判所書記官が入札又は競り売りの方法による売却を三回実施させても買受けの申出がなかつた場合において、不動産の形状、用途、法令による利用の規制その他の事情を考慮して、更に売却を実施させても売却の見込みがないと認めるときは、強制競売の手続を停止することができる。この場合においては、差押債権者に対し、その旨を通知しなければならない。
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Article 68-3(1)In cases where no purchase offer was made when the court clerk had a sale implemented three times by bidding or an auction, if an execution court, taking into consideration the shape, usage, regulations on use under laws and regulations, and any other circumstances of the real property, finds that the real property is unlikely to be sold even if the court clerk had a sale implemented any further, the execution court may stay the compulsory auction procedure.In this case, the execution court shall notify the obligee effecting a seizure to that effect.
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(2)If, within three months from the day of receipt of notice under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, an obligee effecting a seizure has made an offer to the execution court seeking to have a sale implemented on the basis that there is a person intending to make a purchase offer, a court clerk shall have a sale implemented pursuant to the provisions of Article 64.
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(3)If an obligee effecting a seizure does not make an offer seeking to have a sale implemented under the provisions of the preceding paragraph within the period set forth in said paragraph, the execution court may rescind the compulsory auction procedure. The same shall apply if no purchase offer was made when a court clerk had a sale implemented pursuant to the provisions of said paragraph.
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(売却決定期日)
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(Date for Ordering a Sale)
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第六十九条執行裁判所は、売却決定期日を開き、売却の許可又は不許可を言い渡さなければならない。
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Article 69An execution court shall hold court on the date for ordering a sale and render permission or non-permission of sale.
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(売却の許可又は不許可に関する意見の陳述)
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(Statement of Opinions concerning Permission or Non-permission of Sale)
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第七十条不動産の売却の許可又は不許可に関し利害関係を有する者は、次条各号に掲げる事由で自己の権利に影響のあるものについて、売却決定期日において意見を陳述することができる。
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Article 70A person who has interest in permission or non-permission of sale of real property may state his/her opinion with regard to any of the grounds listed in the items of the following Article that affect his/her rights, on the date for ordering a sale.
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(売却不許可事由)
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(Grounds for Non-permission of Sale)
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第七十一条執行裁判所は、次に掲げる事由があると認めるときは、売却不許可決定をしなければならない。
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Article 71An execution court shall, when it finds that any of the following grounds exist, issue an order of non-permission of sale:
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一強制競売の手続の開始又は続行をすべきでないこと。
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(i)The compulsory auction should not be commenced or continued.
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二最高価買受申出人が不動産を買い受ける資格若しくは能力を有しないこと又はその代理人がその権限を有しないこと。
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(ii)The highest purchase offeror lacks the qualification or capacity to purchase the real property or his/her agent lacks the authority of representation.
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三最高価買受申出人が不動産を買い受ける資格を有しない者の計算において買受けの申出をした者であること。
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(iii)The highest purchase offeror is a person who has made a purchase offer on the account of a person who lacks the qualification to purchase the real property.
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四最高価買受申出人、その代理人又は自己の計算において最高価買受申出人に買受けの申出をさせた者が次のいずれかに該当すること。
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(iv)The highest purchase offeror, his/her agent or the person who, on his/her own account, had the highest purchase offeror make a purchase offer falls under any of the following categories:
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イその強制競売の手続において第六十五条第一号に規定する行為をした者
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(a)A person who has committed the act prescribed in Article 65 (i) in the relevant compulsory auction procedure
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ロその強制競売の手続において、代金の納付をしなかつた者又は自己の計算においてその者に買受けの申出をさせたことがある者
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(b)A person who has failed to pay the price or a person who has, on his/her own account, had said person make a purchase offer in the relevant compulsory auction procedure
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ハ第六十五条第二号又は第三号に掲げる者
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(c)The person set forth in Article 65 (ii) or (iii)
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五第七十五条第一項の規定による売却の不許可の申出があること。
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(v)A proposal of non-permission of sale has been made under the provisions of Article 75 (1).
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六売却基準価額若しくは一括売却の決定、物件明細書の作成又はこれらの手続に重大な誤りがあること。
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(vi)There is a serious error in an order of the standard sales price, an order of package sale, preparation of a description of property, or the procedure of such order or preparation.
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七売却の手続に重大な誤りがあること。
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(vii)There is a serious error in the procedure of sale.
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(売却の実施の終了後に執行停止の裁判等の提出があつた場合の措置)
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(Measures in Cases where a Judicial Decision to Stay Execution, etc. Has Been Submitted after the Termination of Implementation of a Sale)
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第七十二条売却の実施の終了から売却決定期日の終了までの間に第三十九条第一項第七号に掲げる文書の提出があつた場合には、執行裁判所は、他の事由により売却不許可決定をするときを除き、売却決定期日を開くことができない。この場合においては、最高価買受申出人又は次順位買受申出人は、執行裁判所に対し、買受けの申出を取り消すことができる。
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Article 72(1)In cases where the document set forth in Article 39 (1)(vii) has been submitted during the period from the termination of implementation of a sale until the end of the date for ordering a sale, the execution court may not hold court on the date for ordering a sale, except in the case of issuing an order of non-permission of sale based on different grounds.In this case, the highest purchase offeror or the next-highest purchase offeror may rescind his/her purchase offer to the execution court.
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(2)In cases where the document prescribed in the preceding paragraph has been submitted after the end of the date for ordering a sale, the provisions of Article 39 shall apply only if an order of permission of sale issued on said date was revoked or ceased to be effective or an order of non-permission of sale issued on said date became final and binding.
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(3)In cases where the document set forth in Article 39 (1)(viii) has been submitted after the termination of implementation of a sale, the provisions of said Article shall apply only if an order of permission of sale pertaining to said sale was revoked or ceased to be effective or an order of non-permission of sale pertaining to said sale became final and binding.
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(超過売却となる場合の措置)
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(Measures in Cases of Becoming an Excess Sale)
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第七十三条数個の不動産を売却した場合において、あるものの買受けの申出の額で各債権者の債権及び執行費用の全部を弁済することができる見込みがあるときは、執行裁判所は、他の不動産についての売却許可決定を留保しなければならない。
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Article 73(1)In cases of selling several pieces of real property, if it is expected to be possible to fully perform the claims and execution costs of the respective obligees with the purchase offer price of part of such pieces of property, the execution court shall withhold the order of permission of sale for the remaining pieces of property.
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(2)In the cases set forth in the preceding paragraph, if it is expected to be possible to fully perform the claims and execution costs of the respective obligees with the purchase offer price of any of several pieces of property, the execution court shall hear the opinion of the obligor in advance with regard to the pieces of real property for which a sale should be permitted.
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(売却の許可又は不許可の決定に対する執行抗告)
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(Appeal against a Disposition of Execution Filed against an Order of Permission or Non-permission of Sale)
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第七十四条売却の許可又は不許可の決定に対しては、その決定により自己の権利が害されることを主張するときに限り、執行抗告をすることができる。
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Article 74(1)An appeal against a disposition of execution may be filed against an order of permission or non-permission of sale, only if the appellant asserts that his/her rights shall be prejudiced by such order.
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(3)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the grounds listed in the items of Article 338 (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure may serve as the basis for an appeal against a disposition of execution filed against an order of permission or non-permission of sale.
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(不動産が損傷した場合の売却の不許可の申出等)
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(Proposal of Non-permission of Sale in Cases where Real Property Was Damaged, etc.)
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第七十五条最高価買受申出人又は買受人は、買受けの申出をした後天災その他自己の責めに帰することができない事由により不動産が損傷した場合には、執行裁判所に対し、売却許可決定前にあつては売却の不許可の申出をし、売却許可決定後にあつては代金を納付する時までにその決定の取消しの申立てをすることができる。ただし、不動産の損傷が軽微であるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 75(1)In cases where the real property has been damaged after making the purchase offer due to a natural disaster or other grounds not attributable to him/her, the highest purchase offeror or the purchaser may, if it is prior to the issuance of an order of permission of sale, make a proposal of non-permission of sale to the execution court, and if it is after the issuance of an order of permission of sale, file a petition for revocation of such order by the time of paying the price; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the damage to the real property is slight.
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(買受けの申出後の強制競売の申立ての取下げ等)
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(Withdrawal of a Petition for a Compulsory Auction after a Purchase Offer Has Been Made, etc.)
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第七十六条買受けの申出があつた後に強制競売の申立てを取り下げるには、最高価買受申出人又は買受人及び次順位買受申出人の同意を得なければならない。ただし、他に差押債権者(配当要求の終期後に強制競売又は競売の申立てをした差押債権者を除く。)がある場合において、取下げにより第六十二条第一項第二号に掲げる事項について変更が生じないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 76(1)In order to withdraw a petition for a compulsory auction after a purchase offer has been made, the consent of the highest purchase offeror or the purchaser and the next-highest purchase offeror shall be obtained; provided, however, that this shall not apply when there is any other obligee(s) effecting a seizure (excluding an obligee effecting a seizure who filed a petition for a compulsory auction or an auction after the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution) and the withdrawal does not cause any change to the matter set forth in Article 62 (1)(ii).
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(最高価買受申出人又は買受人のための保全処分等)
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(Temporary Restraining Order for the Highest Purchase Offeror or the Purchaser, etc.)
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第七十七条執行裁判所は、債務者又は不動産の占有者が、価格減少行為等(不動産の価格を減少させ、又は不動産の引渡しを困難にする行為をいう。以下この項において同じ。)をし、又は価格減少行為等をするおそれがあるときは、最高価買受申出人又は買受人の申立てにより、引渡命令の執行までの間、その買受けの申出の額(金銭により第六十六条の保証を提供した場合にあつては、当該保証の額を控除した額)に相当する金銭を納付させ、又は代金を納付させて、次に掲げる保全処分又は公示保全処分を命ずることができる。
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Article 77(1)When an obligor or a possessor of real property has committed or is likely to commit a price reducing act, etc. (meaning an act that reduces the price of real property or makes the delivery of real property difficult; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph), an execution court may, upon petition by the highest purchase offeror or the purchaser, issue the temporary restraining order and/or the temporary restraining order to give public notice set forth in any of the following items, until the execution of a delivery order, while requiring payment of money equivalent to his/her purchase offer price (or, in cases where the guarantee set forth in Article 66 has been provided in the form of money, a price deducting the amount of said guarantee) or payment of the price:
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一債務者又は不動産の占有者に対し、価格減少行為等を禁止し、又は一定の行為をすることを命ずる保全処分(執行裁判所が必要があると認めるときは、公示保全処分を含む。)
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(i)A temporary restraining order prohibiting the obligor or the possessor of the real property from committing such price reducing act or ordering such person to conduct a certain act (including a temporary restraining order to give public notice, if the execution court finds it to be necessary)
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二次に掲げる事項を内容とする保全処分(執行裁判所が必要があると認めるときは、公示保全処分を含む。)
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(ii)A temporary restraining order containing the following matters (including a temporary restraining order to give public notice, if the execution court finds it to be necessary):
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イ当該価格減少行為等をし、又はそのおそれがある者に対し、不動産に対する占有を解いて執行官に引き渡すことを命ずること。
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(a)Ordering the person who has committed or is likely to commit the price reducing act to release real property from his/her possession and deliver it to the court execution officer
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ロ執行官に不動産の保管をさせること。
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(b)Having the court execution officer retain the real property
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三次に掲げる事項を内容とする保全処分及び公示保全処分
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(iii)A temporary restraining order containing the following matters and a temporary restraining order to give public notice:
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イ前号イ及びロに掲げる事項
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(a)The matters set forth in (a) and (b) of the preceding item
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ロ前号イに規定する者に対し、不動産の占有の移転を禁止することを命じ、及び不動産の使用を許すこと。
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(b)Prohibiting the person prescribed in (a) of the preceding item from transferring the possession of real property and permitting such person to use the real property
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(2)The provisions of Article 55 (2) (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the temporary restraining order set forth in item (ii) or item (iii) of the preceding paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (2) of said Article (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the temporary restraining order set forth in the preceding paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (3), the main clause of paragraph (4) and paragraph (5) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (6) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis pursuant to a judicial decision on the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph or the petition set forth in paragraph (5) of said Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (7) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of paragraph (5) of said Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph, and the provisions of paragraph (8) and paragraph (9) of said Article and Article 55-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order granting the temporary restraining order set forth in item (ii) or item (iii) of the preceding paragraph.
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(代金の納付)
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(Payment of the Price)
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第七十八条売却許可決定が確定したときは、買受人は、裁判所書記官の定める期限までに代金を裁判所書記官に納付しなければならない。
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Article 78(1)When an order of permission of sale has become final and binding, the purchaser shall pay the price to the court clerk by the time limit specified by the court clerk.
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(3)If the purchaser has provided the guarantee set forth in Article 63 (2)(i) or Article 68-2 (2) by a method other than payment of money, the execution court shall conduct realization of what has been provided as the guarantee pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, and allot the amount obtained by deducting the expenses required for the realization from the realization value to the payment of the price.In this case, the expenses required for the realization shall be borne by the purchaser.
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(4)When the purchaser is an obligee who is to receive liquidating distribution or performance from the proceeds of the sale, he/she may pay, on the distribution date or the day of delivery of the payment money, the price that has had deducted the amount of liquidating distribution or performance to be received, by making such proposal to the execution court by the time when the order of permission of sale becomes final and binding; provided, however, that, if an objection is filed on the distribution date with regard to the amount of liquidating distribution to be received by the purchaser, the purchaser shall pay money equivalent to the portion pertaining to the objection within one week from said distribution date.
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(不動産の取得の時期)
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(Time of Acquisition of the Real Property)
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第七十九条買受人は、代金を納付した時に不動産を取得する。
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Article 79A purchaser shall acquire real property at the time of payment of the price.
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(代金不納付の効果)
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(Effects of Non-payment of the Price)
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第八十条買受人が代金を納付しないときは、売却許可決定は、その効力を失う。この場合においては、買受人は、第六十六条の規定により提供した保証の返還を請求することができない。
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Article 80(1)When a purchaser fails to pay the price, an order of permission of sale shall cease to be effective.In this case, the purchaser may not claim return of the guarantee provided pursuant to the provisions of Article 66.
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(法定地上権)
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(Statutory Superficies)
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第八十一条土地及びその上にある建物が債務者の所有に属する場合において、その土地又は建物の差押えがあり、その売却により所有者を異にするに至つたときは、その建物について、地上権が設定されたものとみなす。この場合においては、地代は、当事者の請求により、裁判所が定める。
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Article 81In cases where land and any building built on it are under the ownership of an obligor, if such land or building has been seized and the owner of either the land or building has changed to a person other than said obligor through a sale thereof, a superficies shall be deemed to have been established for such building.In this case, the rent shall be specified by the court, upon request by a party concerned.
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(代金納付による登記の嘱託)
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(Commission of Registration upon Payment of the Price)
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第八十二条買受人が代金を納付したときは、裁判所書記官は、次に掲げる登記及び登記の抹消を嘱託しなければならない。
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Article 82(1)When a purchaser has paid the price, a court clerk shall commission the following registration or cancellation of registration:
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一買受人の取得した権利の移転の登記
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(i)Registration of transfer of the rights acquired by the purchaser
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二売却により消滅した権利又は売却により効力を失つた権利の取得若しくは仮処分に係る登記の抹消
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(ii)Cancellation of registration pertaining to any rights that were extinguished through the sale or acquisition of rights or provisional dispositions that ceased to be effective through the sale
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三差押え又は仮差押えの登記の抹消
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(iii)Cancellation of registration of any seizure or provisional seizure
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(2)If the purchaser or a person who intends to receive establishment of a mortgage on real property from the purchaser has made a proposal by the time of payment of the price, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, the commission under the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be made by providing commission information to a person who is capable of providing an agency service of application for registration as a business and who has been designated by the proposer, and having such person provide the commission information to the registry.In this case, the person designated by the proposer shall provide such commission information to the registry without delay.
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(引渡命令)
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(Delivery Order)
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第八十三条執行裁判所は、代金を納付した買受人の申立てにより、債務者又は不動産の占有者に対し、不動産を買受人に引き渡すべき旨を命ずることができる。ただし、事件の記録上買受人に対抗することができる権原により占有していると認められる者に対しては、この限りでない。
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Article 83(1)An execution court may, upon petition by a purchaser who has paid the price, order an obligor or a possessor of real property to deliver the real property to the purchaser; provided, however, that this shall not apply to a person who is recognized, under the record of the case, to possess the real property based on a title that may be duly asserted against the purchaser.
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(2)A purchaser may not file the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph when six months (or, for a purchaser of a building that had been possessed by the mortgaged building user prescribed in Article 395 (1) of the Civil Code at the time of the purchase, nine months) have elapsed from the day of payment of the price.
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(3)An execution court shall, in the case of issuing an order under the provisions of paragraph (1) to a possessor other than the obligor, interrogate such person; provided, however, that this shall not apply when it is clear, under the record of the case, that such person does not possess the real property based on a title that may be duly asserted against the purchaser or if the execution court has already interrogated such person.
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(占有移転禁止の保全処分等の効力)
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(Effects of a Temporary Restraining Order Prohibiting Transfer of Possession, etc.)
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第八十三条の二強制競売の手続において、第五十五条第一項第三号又は第七十七条第一項第三号に掲げる保全処分及び公示保全処分を命ずる決定の執行がされ、かつ、買受人の申立てにより当該決定の被申立人に対して引渡命令が発せられたときは、買受人は、当該引渡命令に基づき、次に掲げる者に対し、不動産の引渡しの強制執行をすることができる。
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Article 83-2(1)In a compulsory auction procedure, if an order granting the temporary restraining order and the temporary restraining order to give public notice set forth in Article 55 (1)(iii) or Article 77 (1)(iii) has been executed and a delivery order has been issued against the respondent of said order upon petition by the purchaser, the purchaser may effect compulsory execution of delivery of the real property against either of the following persons based on said delivery order:
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一当該決定の執行がされたことを知つて当該不動産を占有した者
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(i)A person who possessed said real property, knowing that said order has been executed
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二当該決定の執行後に当該執行がされたことを知らないで当該決定の被申立人の占有を承継した者
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(ii)A person who succeeded to the possession by the respondent of said order after the execution of said order, without knowing that said order has been executed
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(3)When an execution certificate against a person other than the respondent of the order set forth in paragraph (1) has been granted with regard to the delivery order set forth in said paragraph, such person may file an objection to the grant of the execution certificate on the basis that he/she possesses the real property based on a title that may be duly asserted against the purchaser or that he/she does not fall under any of the items of said paragraph.
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(売却代金の配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Liquidating Distribution of the Proceeds of the Sale, etc.)
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第八十四条執行裁判所は、代金の納付があつた場合には、次項に規定する場合を除き、配当表に基づいて配当を実施しなければならない。
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Article 84(1)In cases where the price has been paid, an execution court shall implement liquidating distribution based on a distribution list except in the cases prescribed in the following paragraph.
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(2)In cases where there is only one obligee or in cases where there are two or more obligees and it is possible to fully perform the claims and execution costs of the respective obligees with the proceeds of the sale, the execution court shall prepare a statement of delivery of the proceeds of the sale, and deliver payment money to the obligee(s) and deliver any surplus to the obligor.
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(3)In cases where any of the documents listed in Article 39 (1)(i) to (vi) have been submitted after the payment of the price, if there is any other obligee(s) who is to receive liquidating distribution of the proceeds of the sale or delivery of payment money (hereinafter referred to as "liquidating distribution, etc."), the execution court shall implement liquidating distribution, etc. for such obligee(s).
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(配当表の作成)
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(Preparation of a Distribution List)
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第八十五条執行裁判所は、配当期日において、第八十七条第一項各号に掲げる各債権者について、その債権の元本及び利息その他の附帯の債権の額、執行費用の額並びに配当の順位及び額を定める。ただし、配当の順位及び額については、配当期日においてすべての債権者間に合意が成立した場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 85(1)On the distribution date, an execution court shall determine the amounts of the principal of the claim, interest, and any other incidental claims, the amount of execution costs, and the order and amount of liquidating distribution with regard to each of the obligees set forth in the items of Article 87 (1); provided, however, that this shall not apply to the order and amount of liquidating distribution in cases where an agreement has been reached among all of the obligees on the distribution date.
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(2)In the case of determining the order and amount of liquidating distribution pursuant to the provisions of the main clause of the preceding paragraph, the execution court shall make the determination in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Code, Commercial Code and any other Acts.
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(5)When the matters prescribed in the main clause of paragraph (1) (in the case prescribed in the proviso to said paragraph, they shall exclude the order and amount of liquidating distribution) have been determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), a court clerk shall prepare a distribution list on the distribution date.
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(6)A distribution list shall contain a statement of the amount of the proceeds of the sale and the contents of the determination of the execution court with regard to the matters prescribed in the main clause of paragraph (1) (in the case prescribed in the proviso to said paragraph, such contents with regard to the order and amount of liquidating distribution shall be the contents of the relevant agreement).
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(売却代金)
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(Proceeds of the Sale)
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第八十六条売却代金は、次に掲げるものとする。
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Article 86(1)Proceeds of the sale shall consist of the following:
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一不動産の代金
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(i)The price of the real property
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二第六十三条第二項第二号の規定により提供した保証のうち申出額から代金の額を控除した残額に相当するもの
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(ii)The portion of the guarantee that has been provided pursuant to the provisions of Article 63 (2)(ii) that is equivalent to the amount that remains after deducting the price from the obligee's offered price
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三第八十条第一項後段の規定により買受人が返還を請求することができない保証
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(iii)The guarantee of which return may not be claimed by the purchaser pursuant to the provisions of Article 80 (1)
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(2)In cases where real property has been sold in a package pursuant to the provisions of Article 61, if it is necessary to determine the amount of the proceeds of the sale for each piece of real property, such amount shall be the amount obtained by dividing the total amount of the proceeds of the sale proportionately according to the standard sales price of each piece of property. The same shall apply to the burden of execution costs for each piece of property.
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(配当等を受けるべき債権者の範囲)
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(Scope of Obligees who Are to Receive Liquidating Distribution, etc.)
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第八十七条売却代金の配当等を受けるべき債権者は、次に掲げる者とする。
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Article 87(1)Obligees who are to receive liquidating distribution, etc. of the proceeds of the sale shall be the following:
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一差押債権者(配当要求の終期までに強制競売又は一般の先取特権の実行としての競売の申立てをした差押債権者に限る。)
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(i)The obligee(s) effecting a seizure (limited to an obligee effecting a seizure who filed a petition for a compulsory auction or an auction for exercise of a general statutory lien by the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution)
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二配当要求の終期までに配当要求をした債権者
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(ii)Obligees who made a demand for liquidating distribution by time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution
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三差押え(最初の強制競売の開始決定に係る差押えをいう。次号において同じ。)の登記前に登記された仮差押えの債権者
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(iii)The obligee in any provisional seizure that was registered prior to registration of the seizure (meaning the seizure pertaining to the first commencement order for a compulsory auction; the same shall apply in the following item)
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四差押えの登記前に登記(民事保全法第五十三条第二項に規定する仮処分による仮登記を含む。)がされた先取特権(第一号又は第二号に掲げる債権者が有する一般の先取特権を除く。)、質権又は抵当権で売却により消滅するものを有する債権者(その抵当権に係る抵当証券の所持人を含む。)
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(iv)Obligees holding any statutory lien (excluding general statutory liens held by the obligees set forth in item (i) or item (ii)), pledge or mortgage which was registered (including provisional registration based on the provisional disposition prescribed in Article 53 (2) of the Civil Preservation Act) prior to registration of the seizure and which shall be extinguished through the sale (including the holder of mortgage securities pertaining to such mortgage)
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(2)In cases where the right of the obligee set forth in item (iv) of the preceding paragraph has been registered after registration of a provisional seizure, such obligee may receive liquidating distribution, etc. only when the obligee effecting a provisional seizure has been defeated in the suit on the merits or the provisional seizure has ceased to be effective.
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(3)In cases where the compulsory auction procedure pertaining to the seizure has been stayed and a judicial decision to continue the procedure has been issued under the provisions of Article 47 (6), if the obligee effecting a seizure subject to such stay of execution was defeated in a suit, etc. pertaining to such stay, obligees holding any right prescribed in paragraph (1)(iv) which was registered after registration of the seizure and prior to registration of a seizure pertaining to the judicial decision of continuation may receive liquidating distribution, etc.
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(期限付債権の配当等)
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(Liquidating Distribution, etc. for a Claim with a Due Date)
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第八十八条確定期限の到来していない債権は、配当等については、弁済期が到来したものとみなす。
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Article 88(1)A claim for which the fixed due date has yet to arrive shall be deemed to have become due with regard to liquidating distribution, etc.
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(2)When the claim set forth in the preceding paragraph bears no interest, the amount of liquidating distribution, etc. shall be calculated by deeming the amount of principal, which together with the interest for the period from the day of liquidating distribution, etc. until the due date calculated based on the statutory interest rate constitute the amount of the claim, to be the amount of such claim.
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(配当異議の申出)
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(Filing of an Opposition to Liquidating Distribution)
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第八十九条配当表に記載された各債権者の債権又は配当の額について不服のある債権者及び債務者は、配当期日において、異議の申出(以下「配当異議の申出」という。)をすることができる。
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Article 89(1)An obligee or obligor who is dissatisfied with any of the amounts of claim or liquidating distribution of the respective obligees stated in the distribution list may file an opposition (hereinafter referred to as the "filing of an opposition to liquidating distribution") on the distribution date.
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(配当異議の訴え等)
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(Action to Oppose Liquidating Distribution, etc.)
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第九十条配当異議の申出をした債権者及び執行力のある債務名義の正本を有しない債権者に対し配当異議の申出をした債務者は、配当異議の訴えを提起しなければならない。
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Article 90(1)An obligee who has filed an opposition to liquidating distribution or an obligor who has filed an opposition to liquidating distribution against an obligee who does not have an enforceable authenticated copy of a title of obligation shall file an action to oppose liquidating distribution.
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(5)An obligor who has filed an opposition to liquidating distribution against an obligee who has an enforceable authenticated copy of a title of obligation shall file an action to oppose execution or the action set forth in Article 117 (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure.
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(6)The filing of an opposition to liquidating distribution shall be deemed to have been withdrawn if the obligee or the obligor who has filed an opposition to liquidating distribution fails to prove to the execution court that he/she has filed the action set forth in paragraph (1) or fails to prove that he/she has filed the action set forth in the preceding paragraph and submit an authenticated copy of a judicial decision to stay execution pertaining to such action to the execution court within one week (or, in cases where the purchaser is to pay money pursuant to the provisions of the proviso to Article 78 (4), within two weeks) from the distribution date (or, for the filing of an opposition to liquidating distribution against an unknown holder of mortgage securities, the day on which such holder became known).
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(配当等の額の供託)
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(Statutory Deposit of the Amount of Liquidating Distribution, etc.)
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第九十一条配当等を受けるべき債権者の債権について次に掲げる事由があるときは、裁判所書記官は、その配当等の額に相当する金銭を供託しなければならない。
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Article 91(1)When any of the following grounds exist for the claim of an obligee who is to receive liquidating distribution, etc., a court clerk shall make a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the amount of such liquidating distribution, etc.:
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一停止条件付又は不確定期限付であるとき。
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(i)When the claim is one subject to a condition precedent or one with an uncertain due date
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二仮差押債権者の債権であるとき。
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(ii)When the claim is one held by the obligee effecting a provisional seizure
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三第三十九条第一項第七号又は第百八十三条第一項第六号に掲げる文書が提出されているとき。
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(iii)When the document set forth in Article 39 (1)(vii) or Article 183 (1)(vi) has been submitted
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四その債権に係る先取特権、質権又は抵当権(以下この項において「先取特権等」という。)の実行を一時禁止する裁判の正本が提出されているとき。
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(iv)When an authenticated copy of a judicial decision to temporarily prohibit exercise of a statutory lien, pledge or mortgage (hereinafter referred to as a "statutory lien, etc.") pertaining to the claim has been submitted
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五その債権に係る先取特権等につき仮登記又は民事保全法第五十三条第二項に規定する仮処分による仮登記がされたものであるとき。
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(v)When provisional registration or provisional registration based on a provisional disposition under the provisions of Article 53 (2) of the Civil Preservation Act has been made for a statutory lien, etc. pertaining to the claim
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六仮差押え又は執行停止に係る差押えの登記後に登記された先取特権等があるため配当額が定まらないとき。
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(vi)When the amount of liquidating distribution is not fixed due to the existence of a statutory lien, etc. that was registered after the registration of a provisional seizure or a seizure pertaining to a stay of execution
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七配当異議の訴えが提起されたとき。
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(vii)When an action to oppose liquidating distribution has been filed
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(権利確定等に伴う配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Liquidating Distribution, etc. when the Right Becomes Final and Binding, etc.)
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第九十二条前条第一項の規定による供託がされた場合において、その供託の事由が消滅したときは、執行裁判所は、供託金について配当等を実施しなければならない。
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Article 92(1)In cases where a statutory deposit has been made under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, if the grounds for such statutory deposit have been extinguished, the execution court shall implement liquidating distribution, etc. of the deposit money.
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(2)In cases where liquidating distribution is to be implemented pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if it is no longer possible to implement liquidating distribution to any obligee pertaining to a statutory deposit based on the grounds set forth in paragraph (1)(i) to (v) of the preceding Article or any obligee effecting a provisional seizure or any obligee effecting a seizure subject to a stay of execution pertaining to a statutory deposit based on the grounds set forth in item (vi) of said paragraph, or where an obligee pertaining to a statutory deposit based on the grounds set forth in item (vii) of said paragraph has been defeated in an action to oppose liquidating distribution filed by the obligor, the execution court shall change the distribution list even for obligees who did not file an opposition to liquidating distribution.
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第三目 強制管理
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Division 3 Compulsory Administration
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(開始決定等)
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(Commencement Order, etc.)
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第九十三条執行裁判所は、強制管理の手続を開始するには、強制管理の開始決定をし、その開始決定において、債権者のために不動産を差し押さえる旨を宣言し、かつ、債務者に対し収益の処分を禁止し、及び債務者が賃貸料の請求権その他の当該不動産の収益に係る給付を求める権利(以下「給付請求権」という。)を有するときは、債務者に対して当該給付をする義務を負う者(以下「給付義務者」という。)に対しその給付の目的物を管理人に交付すべき旨を命じなければならない。
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Article 93(1)An execution court shall, in order to commence a compulsory administration procedure, issue a commencement order for compulsory administration, and, in such commencement order, declare that real property shall be seized for the obligee and prohibit the obligor from disposing earnings and, if the obligor has a claim for a rent or any other right to seek delivery pertaining to earnings from the real property (hereinafter referred to as a "delivery claim"), order the person(s) who has the obligation to make said delivery to the obligor (hereinafter referred to as the "person obligated to deliver") to deliver the subject matter of such delivery to the administrator.
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(二重開始決定)
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(Overlapped Commencement Order)
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第九十三条の二既に強制管理の開始決定がされ、又は第百八十条第二号に規定する担保不動産収益執行の開始決定がされた不動産について強制管理の申立てがあつたときは、執行裁判所は、更に強制管理の開始決定をするものとする。
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Article 93-2If a commencement order for a compulsory administration has already been issued, or if a petition for a compulsory administration was filed for real property for which a commencement order for execution against earnings from secured real property has been issued under the provisions of Article 180 (ii), the execution court shall issue another commencement order for compulsory administration.
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(給付義務者に対する競合する債権差押命令等の陳述の催告)
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(Demand for the Person Obligated to Deliver to State the Presence of any Conflicting Order, etc. of Seizure of Claims)
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第九十三条の三裁判所書記官は、給付義務者に強制管理の開始決定を送達するに際し、当該給付義務者に対し、開始決定の送達の日から二週間以内に給付請求権に対する差押命令又は差押処分の存否その他の最高裁判所規則で定める事項について陳述すべき旨を催告しなければならない。この場合においては、第百四十七条第二項の規定を準用する。
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Article 93-3A court clerk shall, upon servicing a commencement order for compulsory administration upon a person obligated to deliver, make a demand to the person obligated to deliver to state the presence or absence of any order of seizure or disposition of seizure against the delivery claim and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court within two weeks from the day of service of the commencement order.In this case, the provisions of Article 147 (2) shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(給付請求権に対する競合する債権差押命令等の効力の停止等)
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(Suspension of the Effects of a Conflicting Order, etc. of Seizure of Claims on the Delivery Claim, etc.)
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第九十三条の四第九十三条第四項の規定により強制管理の開始決定の効力が給付義務者に対して生じたときは、給付請求権に対する差押命令又は差押処分であつて既に効力が生じていたものは、その効力を停止する。ただし、強制管理の開始決定の給付義務者に対する効力の発生が第百六十五条各号(第百六十七条の十四において第百六十五条各号(第三号及び第四号を除く。)の規定を準用する場合及び第百九十三条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)に掲げる時後であるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 93-4(1)When a commencement order for compulsory administration has become effective against a person obligated to deliver pursuant to the provisions of Article 93 (4), the effects of any order of seizure or disposition of seizure against the delivery claim, which was already effective, shall be suspended; provided, however, that this shall not apply to cases where the commencement order for compulsory administration becomes effective against the person obligated to deliver after the times listed in the items of Article 165 (including the cases where the provisions of the items of Article 165 [excluding item (iii) and item (iv)] are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 167-14 and the cases where they are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 193 (2)).
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(3)The obligee in the order of seizure or disposition of seizure set forth in paragraph (1), an obligee who made a demand for liquidating distribution in the procedure of execution against a claim (meaning the execution against a claim prescribed in Article 143) or execution against a claim relating to an action on small claim (meaning the execution against a claim relating to an action on small claim prescribed in Article 167-2 (2)) by the time of suspension of the effects of the order of seizure or disposition of seizure set forth in paragraph (1), and the obligee in the order of provisional seizure set forth in the preceding paragraph may receive liquidating distribution, etc. in the compulsory administration procedure set forth in the preceding two paragraphs, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 107 (4).
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(管理人の選任)
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(Appointment of an Administrator)
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第九十四条執行裁判所は、強制管理の開始決定と同時に、管理人を選任しなければならない。
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Article 94(1)An execution court shall appoint an administrator simultaneously with the issuance of a commencement order for compulsory administration.
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(2)A trust company (meaning a person who obtained the license set forth in Article 3 or Article 53 (1) of the Trust Business Act (Act No. 154 of 2004)), a bank, or any other juridical person may become an administrator.
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(管理人の権限)
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(Authority of an Administrator)
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第九十五条管理人は、強制管理の開始決定がされた不動産について、管理並びに収益の収取及び換価をすることができる。
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Article 95(1)An administrator may conduct administration, collect earnings and conduct a realization with regard to the real property for which a commencement order for compulsory administration has been issued.
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(2)An administrator shall, in order to lease real property beyond the period specified in Article 602 of the Civil Code, obtain the consent of the obligor.
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(強制管理のための不動産の占有等)
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(Possession of Real Property for a Compulsory Administration, etc.)
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第九十六条管理人は、不動産について、債務者の占有を解いて自らこれを占有することができる。
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Article 96(1)An administrator may release real property from the obligor's possession and take possession of such real property.
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(建物使用の許可)
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(Permission to Use a Building)
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第九十七条債務者の居住する建物について強制管理の開始決定がされた場合において、債務者が他に居住すべき場所を得ることができないときは、執行裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者及びその者と生計を一にする同居の親族(婚姻又は縁組の届出をしていないが債務者と事実上夫婦又は養親子と同様の関係にある者を含む。以下「債務者等」という。)の居住に必要な限度において、期間を定めて、その建物の使用を許可することができる。
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Article 97(1)In cases where a commencement order for compulsory administration has been issued for a building in which the obligor resides, if the obligor is unable to find another place to reside, the execution court may, upon petition, permit use of such building to the extent necessary for residence of the obligor and any relatives living together who share the same livelihood with the obligor (including a person who is in a de facto husband and wife relationship or foster parent and child relationship with the obligor with no notification of marriage or adoption having been given; hereinafter referred to as the "obligor, etc.") for a period it has specified.
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(収益等の分与)
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(Giving a Portion of the Earnings, etc.)
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第九十八条強制管理により債務者の生活が著しく困窮することとなるときは、執行裁判所は、申立てにより、管理人に対し、収益又はその換価代金からその困窮の程度に応じ必要な金銭又は収益を債務者に分与すべき旨を命ずることができる。
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Article 98(1)If the obligor is to fall into extreme poverty through compulsory administration, the execution court may, upon petition, order the administrator to give the obligor the necessary money or earnings, depending on the extent of his/her poverty, from the earnings or the realization price.
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(2)The provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and the provisions of paragraph (3) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order based on the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph or the petition set forth in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph.
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(管理人の監督)
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(Supervision of an Administrator)
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第九十九条管理人は、執行裁判所が監督する。
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Article 99An administrator shall be supervised by the execution court.
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(管理人の注意義務)
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(Duty of Care of an Administrator)
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第百条管理人は、善良な管理者の注意をもつてその職務を行わなければならない。
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Article 100(1)An administrator shall perform his/her duties with due care of a prudent manager.
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(管理人の報酬等)
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(Remuneration for an Administrator, etc.)
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第百一条管理人は、強制管理のため必要な費用の前払及び執行裁判所の定める報酬を受けることができる。
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Article 101(1)An administrator may receive advance payments of expenses necessary for compulsory administration as well as a remuneration determined by the execution court.
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(管理人の解任)
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(Dismissal of an Administrator)
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第百二条重要な事由があるときは、執行裁判所は、利害関係を有する者の申立てにより、又は職権で、管理人を解任することができる。この場合においては、その管理人を審尋しなければならない。
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Article 102The execution court may, upon petition by a person having an interest or by its own authority, dismiss an administrator if there are material grounds to do so.In this case, the execution court shall interrogate the administrator.
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(計算の報告義務)
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(Duty to Make a Report of Account)
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第百三条管理人の任務が終了した場合においては、管理人又はその承継人は、遅滞なく、執行裁判所に計算の報告をしなければならない。
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Article 103An administrator shall, upon the termination of his/her office, make a report of account to the execution court without delay.
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(強制管理の停止)
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(Stay of Compulsory Administration)
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第百四条第三十九条第一項第七号又は第八号に掲げる文書の提出があつた場合においては、強制管理は、配当等の手続を除き、その時の態様で継続することができる。この場合においては、管理人は、配当等に充てるべき金銭を供託し、その事情を執行裁判所に届け出なければならない。
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Article 104(1)In cases where the document set forth in Article 39 (1)(vii) or (viii) has been submitted, compulsory administration may be continued with the same conditions as at the time of such submission, except for the procedure of liquidating distribution, etc.In this case, the administrator shall make a statutory deposit of the money to be allotted to the liquidating distribution, etc. and notify the execution court of such circumstances.
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(2)When it is possible to fully perform the claims and execution costs of the respective obligees with the amount of money deposited pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the execution court shall rescind the compulsory administration procedure, except for the procedure of liquidating distribution, etc.
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(配当要求)
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(Demand for Liquidating Distribution)
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第百五条執行力のある債務名義の正本を有する債権者及び第百八十一条第一項各号に掲げる文書により一般の先取特権を有することを証明した債権者は、執行裁判所に対し、配当要求をすることができる。
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Article 105(1)An obligee having an enforceable authenticated copy of a title of obligation and an obligee who has proved that he/she has a general statutory lien based on any of the documents listed in the items of Article 181 (1) may make a demand for liquidating distribution to the execution court.
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(配当等に充てるべき金銭等)
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(Money, etc. to be Allotted to Liquidating Distribution, etc.)
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第百六条配当等に充てるべき金銭は、第九十八条第一項の規定による分与をした後の収益又はその換価代金から、不動産に対して課される租税その他の公課及び管理人の報酬その他の必要な費用を控除したものとする。
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Article 106(1)Money to be allotted to liquidating distribution, etc. shall be the amount obtained by deducting the tax or public charges imposed on the real property, the remuneration for the administrator and any other necessary expenses from the earnings or the realization price remaining after giving any portion thereof under the provisions of Article 98 (1).
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(管理人による配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Liquidating Distribution, etc. by an Administrator)
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第百七条管理人は、前条第一項に規定する費用を支払い、執行裁判所の定める期間ごとに、配当等に充てるべき金銭の額を計算して、配当等を実施しなければならない。
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Article 107(1)An administrator shall pay expenses under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, calculate the amount of money to be allotted to liquidating distribution, etc. for each period specified by the execution court, and implement the liquidating distribution, etc.
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(2)In cases where there is only one obligee or in cases where there are two or more obligees and it is possible to fully perform the claims and execution costs of the respective obligees with the money to be allotted to liquidating distribution, etc., the administrator shall deliver payment money to the obligee(s) and deliver any surplus to the obligor.
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(3)Except in the cases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if an agreement was reached among the obligees with regard to liquidating distribution of the money to be allotted to liquidating distribution, etc., the administrator shall implement liquidating distribution in accordance with such agreement.
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一差押債権者のうち次のイからハまでのいずれかに該当するもの
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(i)The obligee(s) effecting a seizure who falls under any of (a) to (c) below:
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イ第一項の期間の満了までに強制管理の申立てをしたもの
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(a)An obligee who has filed a petition for compulsory administration by the time of expiration of the period set forth in paragraph (1)
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ロ第一項の期間の満了までに一般の先取特権の実行として第百八十条第二号に規定する担保不動産収益執行の申立てをしたもの
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(b)An obligee who has filed a petition for the execution against earnings from secured real property prescribed in Article 180 (ii) for exercise of a general statutory lien by the time of expiration of the period set forth in paragraph (1)
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ハ第一項の期間の満了までに第百八十条第二号に規定する担保不動産収益執行の申立てをしたもの(ロに掲げるものを除く。)であつて、当該申立てが最初の強制管理の開始決定に係る差押えの登記前に登記(民事保全法第五十三条第二項に規定する保全仮登記を含む。)がされた担保権に基づくもの
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(c)An obligee who has filed a petition for the execution against earnings from secured real property prescribed in Article 180 (ii) by the time of expiration of the period set forth in paragraph (1) (excluding the obligee set forth in (b) above) where such petition is based on a security interest that has been registered (including provisional registration for preservation prescribed in Article 53 (2) of the Civil Preservation Act) prior to registration of the seizure pertaining to the first commencement order for compulsory administration
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二仮差押債権者(第一項の期間の満了までに、強制管理の方法による仮差押えの執行の申立てをしたものに限る。)
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(ii)The obligee(s) effecting a provisional seizure (limited to an obligee who has filed a petition for execution of a provisional seizure through compulsory administration by the time of expiration of the period set forth in paragraph (1))
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三第一項の期間の満了までに配当要求をした債権者
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(iii)Obligees who made a demand for liquidating distribution by the time of expiration of the period set forth in paragraph (1)
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(管理人による配当等の額の供託)
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(Statutory Deposit of the Amount of Liquidating Distribution, etc. by an Administrator)
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第百八条配当等を受けるべき債権者の債権について第九十一条第一項各号(第七号を除く。)に掲げる事由があるときは、管理人は、その配当等の額に相当する金銭を供託し、その事情を執行裁判所に届け出なければならない。債権者が配当等の受領のために出頭しなかつたときも、同様とする。
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Article 108When any of the grounds set forth in the items of Article 91 (1) (excluding item (vii)) exist for the claim of an obligee who is to receive liquidating distribution, etc., the administrator shall make a statutory deposit of the money equivalent to the amount of such liquidating distribution, etc. and notify the execution court of such circumstances. The same shall apply when an obligee has failed to appear to the execution court to receive liquidating distribution, etc.
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(執行裁判所による配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Liquidating Distribution, etc. by an Execution Court)
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第百九条執行裁判所は、第百七条第五項の規定による届出があつた場合には直ちに、第百四条第一項又は前条の規定による届出があつた場合には供託の事由が消滅したときに、配当等の手続を実施しなければならない。
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Article 109An execution court shall implement the procedure of liquidating distribution, etc., immediately in cases where notification has been given under the provisions of Article 107 (5) and at the time when the grounds for statutory deposit were extinguished in cases where notification has been given under the provisions of Article 104 (1) or the preceding Article.
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(弁済による強制管理の手続の取消し)
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(Rescission of a Compulsory Administration Procedure through Performance)
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第百十条各債権者が配当等によりその債権及び執行費用の全部の弁済を受けたときは、執行裁判所は、強制管理の手続を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 110When the respective obligees have received full performance of their claims and execution costs through liquidating distribution, etc., the execution court shall rescind the compulsory administration procedure.
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(強制競売の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions on Compulsory Auctions)
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第百十一条第四十六条第一項、第四十七条第二項、第六項本文及び第七項、第四十八条、第五十三条、第五十四条、第八十四条第三項及び第四項、第八十七条第二項及び第三項並びに第八十八条の規定は強制管理について、第八十四条第一項及び第二項、第八十五条並びに第八十九条から第九十二条までの規定は第百九条の規定により執行裁判所が実施する配当等の手続について準用する。この場合において、第八十四条第三項及び第四項中「代金の納付後」とあるのは、「第百七条第一項の期間の経過後」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 111The provisions of Article 46 (1), Article 47 (2), the main clause of Article 47 (6), Article 47 (7), Article 48, Article 53, Article 54, Article 84 (3) and (4), Article 87 (2) and (3) and Article 88 shall apply mutatis mutandis to compulsory administration, and the provisions of Article 84 (1) and (2), Article 85 and Articles 89 to 92 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the procedure of liquidating distribution, etc. implemented by the execution court pursuant to the provisions of Article 109.In this case, the phrase "after the payment of the price" in Article 84 (3) and (4) shall be deemed to be replaced with "after the passage of the period set forth in Article 107 (1)."
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第二款 船舶に対する強制執行
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Subsection 2 Compulsory Execution against a Vessel
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(船舶執行の方法)
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(Method of Execution against a Vessel)
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第百十二条総トン数二十トン以上の船舶(端舟その他ろかい又は主としてろかいをもつて運転する舟を除く。以下この節及び次章において「船舶」という。)に対する強制執行(以下「船舶執行」という。)は、強制競売の方法により行う。
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Article 112Compulsory execution against a vessel of not less than twenty tons gross (excluding a tender boat or any other boat that uses solely or mainly oars or paddles for propulsion; hereinafter referred to as a "vessel" in this Section and the following Chapter) (hereinafter referred to as "execution against a vessel") shall be carried out by the method of a compulsory auction.
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(執行裁判所)
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(Execution Court)
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第百十三条船舶執行については、強制競売の開始決定の時の船舶の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が、執行裁判所として管轄する。
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Article 113The district court having jurisdiction over the location of the vessel at the time of issuance of a commencement order for a compulsory auction shall have jurisdiction over execution against a vessel as the execution court.
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(開始決定等)
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(Commencement Order, etc.)
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第百十四条執行裁判所は、強制競売の手続を開始するには、強制競売の開始決定をし、かつ、執行官に対し、船舶の国籍を証する文書その他の船舶の航行のために必要な文書(以下「船舶国籍証書等」という。)を取り上げて執行裁判所に提出すべきことを命じなければならない。ただし、その開始決定前にされた開始決定により船舶国籍証書等が取り上げられているときは、執行官に対する命令を要しない。
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Article 114(1)An execution court shall, in order to commence a compulsory auction procedure, issue a commencement order for a compulsory auction, and order a court execution officer to confiscate the document proving the nationality of the vessel and any other documents necessary for the navigation of the vessel (hereinafter referred to as the "certificate of the vessel's nationality, etc.") and to submit them to the execution court; provided, however, that the order to a court execution officer is not necessary if the certificate of the vessel's nationality, etc. have already been confiscated based on a commencement order issued prior to said commencement order.
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(船舶執行の申立て前の船舶国籍証書等の引渡命令)
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(Order to Deliver the Certificate of the Vessel's Nationality, etc. Prior to the Filing of a Petition for Execution against a Vessel)
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第百十五条船舶執行の申立て前に船舶国籍証書等を取り上げなければ船舶執行が著しく困難となるおそれがあるときは、その船舶の船籍の所在地(船籍のない船舶にあつては、最高裁判所の指定する地)を管轄する地方裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者に対し、船舶国籍証書等を執行官に引き渡すべき旨を命ずることができる。急迫の事情があるときは、船舶の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所も、この命令を発することができる。
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Article 115(1)When there is a likelihood that execution against a vessel shall become extremely difficult unless the certificate of the vessel's nationality, etc. are confiscated prior to the filing of a petition for execution against a vessel, the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the vessel's registry (or, for a vessel without registry, the place designated by the Supreme Court) may, upon petition, order the obligor to deliver the certificate of the vessel's nationality, etc. to a court execution officer. When there are pressing circumstances, the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the vessel may also issue such order.
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(4)A court execution officer shall, when the obligee fails to submit a document proving that he/she has filed a petition for execution against a vessel within five days from the day on which the court execution officer received delivery of the certificate of the vessel's nationality, etc., return the certificate of the vessel's nationality, etc. to the obligor.
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(保管人の選任等)
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(Appointment of a Custodian)
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第百十六条執行裁判所は、差押債権者の申立てにより、必要があると認めるときは、強制競売の開始決定がされた船舶について保管人を選任することができる。
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Article 116(1)Upon petition by the obligee effecting a seizure, an execution court may, if he/she finds it to be necessary, appoint a custodian for the vessel for which a commencement order for a compulsory auction has been issued.
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(保証の提供による強制競売の手続の取消し)
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(Rescission of a Compulsory Auction Procedure Based on Provision of a Guarantee)
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第百十七条差押債権者の債権について、第三十九条第一項第七号又は第八号に掲げる文書が提出されている場合において、債務者が差押債権者及び保証の提供の時(配当要求の終期後にあつては、その終期)までに配当要求をした債権者の債権及び執行費用の総額に相当する保証を買受けの申出前に提供したときは、執行裁判所は、申立てにより、配当等の手続を除き、強制競売の手続を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 117(1)In cases where the document set forth in Article 39 (1)(vii) or (viii) has been submitted with regard to the claim of an obligee effecting a seizure, if the obligor provides, prior to any purchase offer, a guarantee equivalent to the total amount of the claims and execution costs of the obligee effecting a seizure and obligees who made a demand for liquidating distribution by the time of provision of the guarantee (or, if it is after the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution, by such time limit), the execution court shall, upon petition, rescind the compulsory auction procedure, except for the procedure of liquidating distribution, etc.
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(2)When a stay of execution based on submission of the document prescribed in the preceding paragraph has ceased to be effective, the execution court shall implement liquidating distribution, etc. of the guarantee, which has been provided pursuant to the provisions of said paragraph, for the obligees set forth in said paragraph.In this case, the execution court may reclaim any securities that have been deposited as provision of a guarantee.
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(5)The provisions of Article 15 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provision of the guarantee set forth in paragraph (1) and the provisions of Article 78 (3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a realization in cases where the guarantee set forth in paragraph (1) has been provided by a method other than a statutory deposit of money.
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(航行許可)
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(Permission for Navigation)
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第百十八条執行裁判所は、営業上の必要その他相当の事由があると認める場合において、各債権者並びに最高価買受申出人又は買受人及び次順位買受申出人の同意があるときは、債務者の申立てにより、船舶の航行を許可することができる。
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Article 118(1)In cases where an execution court finds that there is a necessity in terms of business or there are other reasonable grounds, if there is the consent of the respective obligees and the highest purchase offeror or the purchaser and the next-highest purchase offeror, the execution court may permit navigation of the vessel on petition by the obligor.
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(事件の移送)
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(Transfer of a Case)
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第百十九条執行裁判所は、強制競売の開始決定がされた船舶が管轄区域外の地に所在することとなつた場合には、船舶の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に事件を移送することができる。
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Article 119(1)An execution court may, in cases where the vessel for which a commencement order for a compulsory auction has been issued is relocated to a place outside its jurisdictional district, transfer the case to the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the vessel.
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(船舶国籍証書等の取上げができない場合の強制競売の手続の取消し)
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(Rescission of a Compulsory Auction Procedure in Cases where Confiscation of the Certificate of the Vessel's Nationality, etc. Is Not Possible)
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第百二十条執行官が強制競売の開始決定の発せられた日から二週間以内に船舶国籍証書等を取り上げることができないときは、執行裁判所は、強制競売の手続を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 120If a court execution officer is unable to confiscate the certificate of the vessel's nationality, etc. within two weeks from the day on which a commencement order for a compulsory auction has been issued, the execution court shall rescind the compulsory auction procedure.
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(不動産に対する強制競売の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions for a Compulsory Auction against Real Property)
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第百二十一条前款第二目(第四十五条第一項、第四十六条第二項、第四十八条、第五十四条、第五十五条第一項(第二号に係る部分に限る。)、第五十六条、第六十四条の二、第八十一条及び第八十二条を除く。)の規定は船舶執行について、第四十八条、第五十四条及び第八十二条の規定は船舶法(明治三十二年法律第四十六号)第一条に規定する日本船舶に対する強制執行について準用する。
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Article 121The provisions of Division 2 of the preceding Subsection (excluding Article 45 (1), Article 46 (2), Article 48, Article 54, Article 55 (1) [limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)], Article 56, Article 64-2, Article 81 and Article 82) shall apply mutatis mutandis to execution against a vessel, and the provisions of Article 48, Article 54 and Article 82 shall apply mutatis mutandis to compulsory execution against the Japanese vessel prescribed in Article 1 of the Ships Act (Act No. 46 of 1899).
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第三款 動産に対する強制執行
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Subsection 3 Compulsory Execution against Movables
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(動産執行の開始等)
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(Commencement of Execution against Movables, etc.)
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第百二十二条動産(登記することができない土地の定着物、土地から分離する前の天然果実で一月以内に収穫することが確実であるもの及び裏書の禁止されている有価証券以外の有価証券を含む。以下この節、次章及び第四章において同じ。)に対する強制執行(以下「動産執行」という。)は、執行官の目的物に対する差押えにより開始する。
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Article 122(1)Compulsory execution against movables (including any fixtures on land that are not registrable, natural fruits prior to being separated from land which are to be harvested within one month for certain, and securities other than those forbidden to be endorsed; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Section, the following Chapter and Chapter IV) (hereinafter referred to as "execution against movables") shall be commenced through a seizure of the subject matter by a court execution officer.
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(債務者の占有する動産の差押え)
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(Seizure of Movables Possessed by the Obligor)
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第百二十三条債務者の占有する動産の差押えは、執行官がその動産を占有して行う。
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Article 123(1)Movable property possessed by the obligor shall be seized by way of a court execution officer taking possession of such movables.
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(2)When carrying out the seizure set forth in the preceding paragraph, a court execution officer may enter the residence of the obligor or any other place possessed by the obligor, and search the subject matter at such place or in a safe or any other containers possessed by the obligor.In this case, if it is necessary, a court execution officer may take a necessary measure to open a closed door, safe and any other containers.
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(3)A court execution officer may, if he/she finds it to be reasonable, have the obligor retain the seized movables (hereinafter referred to as the "seized property").In this case, the seizure shall be effective only when an indication of the seizure is made with regard to the seized property through sealing or any other method.
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(債務者以外の者の占有する動産の差押え)
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(Seizure of Movables Possessed by a Person Other than the Obligor)
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第百二十四条前条第一項及び第三項から第五項までの規定は、債権者又は提出を拒まない第三者の占有する動産の差押えについて準用する。
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Article 124The provisions of paragraph (1) and paragraphs (3) to (5) of the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to a seizure of movables possessed by an obligee or a third party who does not refuse to submit it.
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(二重差押えの禁止及び事件の併合)
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(Prohibition of an Overlapped Seizure and Consolidation of Cases)
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第百二十五条執行官は、差押物又は仮差押えの執行をした動産を更に差し押さえることができない。
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Article 125(1)A court execution officer may not carry out another seizure of seized property or movables for which a provisional seizure has been executed.
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(2)In cases where another petition for execution against movables has been filed against an obligor who has been subjected to a seizure for the place of such seizure, a court execution officer shall seize any movables that has yet to be seized if there is any, and if there is no movables to be seized, he/she shall, by clarifying such fact, consolidate such case of execution against movables with the earlier case of execution against movables. The same shall apply when another petition for execution against movables has been filed against an obligor who has been subjected to execution of a provisional seizure for the place of such execution.
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(3)When two cases of execution against movables have been consolidated pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of the preceding paragraph, the movables that was seized in the later case shall be deemed to have been seized in the earlier case at the time of the consolidation, and the petition for the later case shall become effective as a demand for liquidating distribution. If the earlier obligee effecting a seizure has withdrawn the petition for execution against movables or the procedure pertaining to such petition has been stayed or rescinded, the movables seized in the earlier case shall be deemed to have been seized for the later case at the time of the consolidation.
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(4)When a case of execution of a provisional seizure and a case of execution against movables have been consolidated pursuant to the provisions of the second sentence of paragraph (2), the movables for which the provisional seizure was executed shall be deemed to have been seized in the case of execution against movables at the time of the consolidation, and the petition for the case of execution of a provisional seizure shall become effective as a demand for liquidating distribution. If the obligee effecting a seizure has withdrawn the petition for execution against movables or the procedure pertaining to such petition has been rescinded, the movables seized in the case of execution against movables shall be deemed to have been subjected to execution of a provisional seizure in the case of execution of a provisional seizure at the time of the consolidation.
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(差押えの効力が及ぶ範囲)
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(Scope of Effects of a Seizure)
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第百二十六条差押えの効力は、差押物から生ずる天然の産出物に及ぶ。
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Article 126Effects of a seizure shall extend to natural products arising from the seized property.
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(差押物の引渡命令)
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(Order to Deliver the Seized Property)
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第百二十七条差押物を第三者が占有することとなつたときは、執行裁判所は、差押債権者の申立てにより、その第三者に対し、差押物を執行官に引き渡すべき旨を命ずることができる。
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Article 127(1)When a third party has taken possession of seized property, the execution court shall, upon petition by the obligee effecting a seizure, order such third party to deliver the seized property to a court execution officer.
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(超過差押えの禁止等)
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(Prohibition of an Excessive Seizure, etc.)
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第百二十八条動産の差押えは、差押債権者の債権及び執行費用の弁済に必要な限度を超えてはならない。
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Article 128(1)Movable property shall not be seized beyond the extent necessary for the performance of the claim and execution costs of the obligee effecting a seizure.
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(剰余を生ずる見込みのない場合の差押えの禁止等)
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(Prohibition of a Seizure in Cases where Surplus Is not Expected, etc.)
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第百二十九条差し押さえるべき動産の売得金の額が手続費用の額を超える見込みがないときは、執行官は、差押えをしてはならない。
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Article 129(1)When the amount of proceeds from the movables to be seized is not expected to exceed the amount of the procedural expenses, a court execution officer shall not carry out the seizure.
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(売却の見込みのない差押物の差押えの取消し)
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(Rescission of a Seizure of Seized Property that Is Unlikely to be Sold)
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第百三十条差押物について相当な方法による売却の実施をしてもなお売却の見込みがないときは、執行官は、その差押物の差押えを取り消すことができる。
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Article 130If seized property is not expected to be sold even after implementing a sale by a reasonable method, a court execution officer may rescind the seizure of such seized property.
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(差押禁止動産)
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(Seizure-Prohibited Movables)
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第百三十一条次に掲げる動産は、差し押さえてはならない。
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Article 131The following movables shall not be seized:
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一債務者等の生活に欠くことができない衣服、寝具、家具、台所用具、畳及び建具
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(i)Clothes, bedclothes, furniture, kitchen utensils, tatami mats and fittings that are indispensable for the living of the obligor, etc.
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二債務者等の一月間の生活に必要な食料及び燃料
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(ii)Food and fuel necessary for one month's living of the obligor, etc.
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三標準的な世帯の二月間の必要生計費を勘案して政令で定める額の金銭
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(iii)Money in the amount specified by a Cabinet Order by taking into account an average household's necessary living expenses for two months
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四主として自己の労力により農業を営む者の農業に欠くことができない器具、肥料、労役の用に供する家畜及びその飼料並びに次の収穫まで農業を続行するために欠くことができない種子その他これに類する農産物
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(iv)Equipment, fertilizers, work animals and their feeds that are indispensable for agriculture as well as seeds and any similar agricultural products that are indispensable for continuing agriculture until the next harvest of a person who engages in agriculture mainly through his/her own labor
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五主として自己の労力により漁業を営む者の水産物の採捕又は養殖に欠くことができない漁網その他の漁具、えさ及び稚魚その他これに類する水産物
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(v)Fish nets and any other fishing equipment, baits, juvenile fish and any similar fishery products that are indispensable for capturing or farming fishery products of a person who engages in fisheries mainly through his/her own labor
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六技術者、職人、労務者その他の主として自己の知的又は肉体的な労働により職業又は営業に従事する者(前二号に規定する者を除く。)のその業務に欠くことができない器具その他の物(商品を除く。)
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(vi)Equipment or any other objects (excluding products) that are indispensable for the work of a technician, an artisan, a laborer or any other person who engages in an occupation or business mainly through his/her own intellectual or physical labor (excluding those prescribed in the preceding two items)
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七実印その他の印で職業又は生活に欠くことができないもの
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(vii)A registered seal or any other seal that is indispensable for an occupation or living
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八仏像、位牌その他礼拝又は祭祀に直接供するため欠くことができない物
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(viii)A Buddha statue, an ancestral memorial table or other object that is indispensable for direct use in a religious service or worship
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九債務者に必要な系譜、日記、商業帳簿及びこれらに類する書類
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(ix)A family tree, a diary, commercial books and any similar documents that are necessary for the obligor
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十債務者又はその親族が受けた勲章その他の名誉を表章する物
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(x)A medal or any other object representing honor received by the obligor or his/her relative
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十一債務者等の学校その他の教育施設における学習に必要な書類及び器具
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(xi)Documents and equipment necessary for the obligor, etc. in learning at school or any other educational institution
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十二発明又は著作に係る物で、まだ公表していないもの
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(xii)Any object pertaining to an invention or a copyright work that has yet to be made public
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十三債務者等に必要な義手、義足その他の身体の補足に供する物
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(xiii)A prosthetic arm or hand, a prosthetic leg or foot or any other object used for supplementing body that is necessary for the obligor, etc.
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十四建物その他の工作物について、災害の防止又は保安のため法令の規定により設備しなければならない消防用の機械又は器具、避難器具その他の備品
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(xiv)Fire-fighting machinery or equipment, fire escape equipment and any other supplies that are required to be put in place in a building or any other structure pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations for the purpose of preventing disasters or for security
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(差押禁止動産の範囲の変更)
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(Change in the Scope of Seizure-Prohibited Movables)
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第百三十二条執行裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者及び債権者の生活の状況その他の事情を考慮して、差押えの全部若しくは一部の取消しを命じ、又は前条各号に掲げる動産の差押えを許すことができる。
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Article 132(1)An execution court may, upon petition, order rescission of all or part of a seizure or permit seizure of any of the movables listed in the items of the preceding Article, taking into consideration the living conditions of the obligor and the obligee(s) and any other circumstances.
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(3)When a petition has been filed seeking an order to rescind a seizure pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, an execution court may, until a judicial decision on such petition becomes effective, order a stay of the compulsory execution, while requiring or not requiring provision of security.
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(先取特権者等の配当要求)
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(Demand for Liquidating Distribution by a Statutory Lien Holder, etc.)
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第百三十三条先取特権又は質権を有する者は、その権利を証する文書を提出して、配当要求をすることができる。
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Article 133A statutory lien holder or a person who has a pledge may make a demand for liquidating distribution by submitting a document that proves his/her right.
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(売却の方法)
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(Method of Sale)
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第百三十四条執行官は、差押物を売却するには、入札又は競り売りのほか、最高裁判所規則で定める方法によらなければならない。
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Article 134A court execution officer shall sell seized property by bidding, an auction or any other method specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(売却の場所の秩序維持等に関する規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions Concerning Maintenance of Order at the Place of Sale, etc.)
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第百三十五条第六十五条及び第六十八条の規定は、差押物を売却する場合について準用する。
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Article 135The provisions of Article 65 and Article 68 shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases of selling seized property.
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(手形等の提示義務)
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(Obligation to Present a Negotiable Instrument)
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第百三十六条執行官は、手形、小切手その他の金銭の支払を目的とする有価証券でその権利の行使のため定められた期間内に引受け若しくは支払のための提示又は支払の請求(以下「提示等」という。)を要するもの(以下「手形等」という。)を差し押さえた場合において、その期間の始期が到来したときは、債務者に代わつて手形等の提示等をしなければならない。
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Article 136In cases where a court execution officer has seized a bill or note, check or any other securities for payment of money, which requires presentation for underwriting or payment or requires a demand for payment (hereinafter referred to as "presentation, etc.") within a period specified for exercise of the right (such securities shall hereinafter be referred to as a "negotiable instrument"), if the time of commencement of such period has arrived, the court execution officer shall carry out the presentation, etc. of the negotiable instrument in place of the obligor.
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(執行停止中の売却)
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(Sale during a Stay of Execution)
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第百三十七条第三十九条第一項第七号又は第八号に掲げる文書の提出があつた場合において、差押物について著しい価額の減少を生ずるおそれがあるとき、又はその保管のために不相応な費用を要するときは、執行官は、その差押物を売却することができる。
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Article 137(1)In cases where the document set forth in Article 39 (1)(vii) or (viii) has been submitted, if there is a likelihood of a considerable decline in the price of the seized property or if an inappropriate amount of costs are to be required for retention of such seized property, a court execution officer may sell such seized property.
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(有価証券の裏書等)
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(Endorsement, etc. of Securities)
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第百三十八条執行官は、有価証券を売却したときは、買受人のために、債務者に代わつて裏書又は名義書換えに必要な行為をすることができる。
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Article 138A court execution officer may, when he/she has sold securities, carry out, in place of the obligor, acts necessary for endorsement or entry of a name change for the purchaser.
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(執行官による配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Liquidating Distribution, etc. by a Court Execution Officer)
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第百三十九条債権者が一人である場合又は債権者が二人以上であつて売得金、差押金銭若しくは手形等の支払金(以下「売得金等」という。)で各債権者の債権及び執行費用の全部を弁済することができる場合には、執行官は、債権者に弁済金を交付し、剰余金を債務者に交付する。
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Article 139(1)In cases where there is only one obligee or in cases where there are two or more obligees and it is possible to fully perform the claims and execution costs of the respective obligees with the proceeds, the seized money or the amount payable on a negotiable instrument (hereinafter referred to as the "proceeds, etc."), a court execution officer shall deliver payment money to the obligee(s) and deliver any surplus to the obligor.
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(配当等を受けるべき債権者の範囲)
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(Scope of Obligees who Are to Receive Liquidating Distribution, etc.)
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第百四十条配当等を受けるべき債権者は、差押債権者のほか、売得金については執行官がその交付を受けるまで(第百三十七条又は民事保全法第四十九条第三項の規定により供託された売得金については、動産執行が続行されることとなるまで)に、差押金銭についてはその差押えをするまでに、手形等の支払金についてはその支払を受けるまでに配当要求をした債権者とする。
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Article 140Obligees who are to receive liquidating distribution, etc. shall be the obligee(s) effecting a seizure as well as obligees who made a demand for liquidating distribution, in the case of proceeds, by the time a court execution officer receives delivery of proceeds (or, in the case of proceeds that were deposited pursuant to the provisions of Article 137 or Article 49 (3) of the Civil Preservation Act, by the time when the execution against movables is decided to be continued), or in the case of seized money, by the time when a court execution officer seizes such money, or in the case of the amount payable on a negotiable instrument, by the time when a court execution officer receives payment thereof.
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(執行官の供託)
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(Statutory Deposit by a Court Execution Officer)
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第百四十一条第百三十九条第一項又は第二項の規定により配当等を実施する場合において、配当等を受けるべき債権者の債権について次に掲げる事由があるときは、執行官は、その配当等の額に相当する金銭を供託し、その事情を執行裁判所に届け出なければならない。
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Article 141(1)In the case of implementing liquidating distribution, etc. pursuant to the provisions of Article 139 (1) or (2), if any of the following grounds exist for the claim of an obligee who is to receive liquidating distribution, etc., a court execution officer shall make a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the amount of such liquidating distribution, etc. and notify the execution court of such circumstances:
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一停止条件付又は不確定期限付であるとき。
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(i)When the claim is one subject to a condition precedent or one with an uncertain due date
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二仮差押債権者の債権であるとき。
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(ii)When the claim is one held by the obligee effecting a provisional seizure
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三第三十九条第一項第七号又は第百九十二条において準用する第百八十三条第一項第六号に掲げる文書が提出されているとき。
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(iii)When the document set forth in Article 39 (1)(vii) or Article 183 (1)(vi) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 192 has been submitted
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四その債権に係る先取特権又は質権の実行を一時禁止する裁判の正本が提出されているとき。
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(iv)When an authenticated copy of a judicial decision to temporarily prohibit exercise of a statutory lien or pledge pertaining to the claim has been submitted
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(執行裁判所による配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Liquidating Distribution, etc. by an Execution Court)
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第百四十二条執行裁判所は、第百三十九条第三項の規定による届出があつた場合には直ちに、前条第一項の規定による届出があつた場合には供託の事由が消滅したときに、配当等の手続を実施しなければならない。
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Article 142(1)An execution court shall implement the procedure of liquidating distribution, etc., immediately in cases where notification has been given under the provisions of Article 139 (3) and at the time when the grounds for statutory deposit were extinguished in cases where notification has been given under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
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第四款 債権及びその他の財産権に対する強制執行
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Subsection 4 Compulsory Execution against a Claim and any Other Property Right
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第一目 債権執行等
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Division 1 Execution against a Claim, etc.
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(債権執行の開始)
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(Commencement of Execution against a Claim)
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第百四十三条金銭の支払又は船舶若しくは動産の引渡しを目的とする債権(動産執行の目的となる有価証券が発行されている債権を除く。以下この節において「債権」という。)に対する強制執行(第百六十七条の二第二項に規定する少額訴訟債権執行を除く。以下この節において「債権執行」という。)は、執行裁判所の差押命令により開始する。
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Article 143Compulsory execution against a claim for payment of money or delivery of a vessel or movables (excluding a claim for which securities subject to execution against movables have been issued; hereinafter referred to as a "claim" in this Section) (such compulsory execution shall exclude the execution against a claim relating to an action on small claim prescribed in Article 167-2 (2); hereinafter referred to as "execution against a claim" in this Section) shall be commenced through an order of seizure by an execution court.
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(執行裁判所)
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(Execution Court)
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第百四十四条債権執行については、債務者の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が、この普通裁判籍がないときは差し押さえるべき債権の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が、執行裁判所として管轄する。
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Article 144(1)The district court having jurisdiction over the location of the general venue of the obligor shall have jurisdiction over execution against a claim as the execution court, and when there is no such general venue, the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the claim to be seized shall have jurisdiction over such execution as the execution court.
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(2)A claim to be seized shall be deemed to exist at the location of the general venue of the obligor of such claim (hereinafter referred to as the "third party obligor"); provided, however, that a claim for delivery of a vessel or movables and a claim secured by a security interest in property shall be deemed to exist at the location of such property.
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(3)In cases where another order of seizure has been issued for a claim pertaining to a seizure (limited to a claim that has been seized based on an order of seizure; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Division), if the execution court that has issued such order of seizure is different from the earlier execution court, either execution court may transfer its case to the other execution court.
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(差押命令)
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(Order of Seizure)
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第百四十五条執行裁判所は、差押命令において、債務者に対し債権の取立てその他の処分を禁止し、かつ、第三債務者に対し債務者への弁済を禁止しなければならない。
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Article 145(1)An execution court shall, in an order of seizure, prohibit the obligor from collecting or otherwise disposing the claim and prohibit the third party obligor from providing performance to the obligor.
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(差押えの範囲)
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(Scope of Seizure)
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第百四十六条執行裁判所は、差し押さえるべき債権の全部について差押命令を発することができる。
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Article 146(1)An execution court may issue an order of seizure for the entirety of a claim to be seized.
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(第三債務者の陳述の催告)
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(Demand for the Third Party Obligor to Make a Statement)
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第百四十七条差押債権者の申立てがあるときは、裁判所書記官は、差押命令を送達するに際し、第三債務者に対し、差押命令の送達の日から二週間以内に差押えに係る債権の存否その他の最高裁判所規則で定める事項について陳述すべき旨を催告しなければならない。
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Article 147(1)When a petition has been filed by the obligee effecting a seizure, a court clerk shall, upon servicing an order of seizure, make a demand to the third party obligor to state the presence or absence of any claim pertaining to a seizure and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court within two weeks from the day of service of the order of seizure.
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(債権証書の引渡し)
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(Delivery of a Claim Deed)
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第百四十八条差押えに係る債権について証書があるときは、債務者は、差押債権者に対し、その証書を引き渡さなければならない。
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Article 148(1)When a deed exists for a claim pertaining to a seizure, the obligor shall deliver such deed to the obligee effecting a seizure.
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(差押えが一部競合した場合の効力)
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(Effects in Cases where Seizures Conflict in Part)
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第百四十九条債権の一部が差し押さえられ、又は仮差押えの執行を受けた場合において、その残余の部分を超えて差押命令が発せられたときは、各差押え又は仮差押えの執行の効力は、その債権の全部に及ぶ。債権の全部が差し押さえられ、又は仮差押えの執行を受けた場合において、その債権の一部について差押命令が発せられたときのその差押えの効力も、同様とする。
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Article 149In cases where part of a claim has been seized or has been subjected to execution of a provisional seizure, and an order of seizure is issued beyond the remaining portion of such claim, the effects of each seizure or execution of a provisional seizure shall extend to the entirety of such claim. The same shall apply to the effects of a seizure when an order of seizure has been issued for part of a claim after the entirety of such claim has been seized or has been subjected to execution of a provisional seizure.
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(先取特権等によつて担保される債権の差押えの登記等の嘱託)
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(Commission of Registration of a Seizure of a Claim Secured by a Statutory Lien, etc.)
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第百五十条登記又は登録(以下「登記等」という。)のされた先取特権、質権又は抵当権によつて担保される債権に対する差押命令が効力を生じたときは、裁判所書記官は、申立てにより、その債権について差押えがされた旨の登記等を嘱託しなければならない。
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Article 150When an order of seizure against a claim secured by a registered statutory lien, pledge or mortgage has become effective, a court clerk shall, upon petition, commission registration to the effect that such claim has been seized.
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(継続的給付の差押え)
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(Seizure of Continuous Performance)
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第百五十一条給料その他継続的給付に係る債権に対する差押えの効力は、差押債権者の債権及び執行費用の額を限度として、差押えの後に受けるべき給付に及ぶ。
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Article 151The effects of a seizure against a claim pertaining to a compensation or any other continuous performance shall extend to the performance to be received after the seizure, not exceeding the amount of the claim and execution costs of the obligee effecting a seizure.
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(扶養義務等に係る定期金債権を請求する場合の特例)
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(Special Provisions on Cases of Enforcing a Claim for Periodic Payments pertaining to Duty to Support, etc.)
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第百五十一条の二債権者が次に掲げる義務に係る確定期限の定めのある定期金債権を有する場合において、その一部に不履行があるときは、第三十条第一項の規定にかかわらず、当該定期金債権のうち確定期限が到来していないものについても、債権執行を開始することができる。
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Article 151-2(1)In cases where the obligor has a claim for periodic payments with provisions on fixed due dates pertaining to any of the following duties, if any part of such claim is in default, execution against a claim may be commenced even for the portion of said claim for periodic payments for which the fixed due date has yet to arrive, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 30 (1):
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一民法第七百五十二条の規定による夫婦間の協力及び扶助の義務
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(i)The duty of cooperation and mutual assistance between a husband and wife under the provisions of Article 752 of the Civil Code
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二民法第七百六十条の規定による婚姻から生ずる費用の分担の義務
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(ii)Duty of sharing the expenses arising from marriage under the provisions of Article 760 of the Civil Code
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三民法第七百六十六条(同法第七百四十九条、第七百七十一条及び第七百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による子の監護に関する義務
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(iii)The duty concerning custody of a child under the provisions of Article 766 of the Civil Code (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 749, Article 771 and Article 788 of the Civil Code)
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四民法第八百七十七条から第八百八十条までの規定による扶養の義務
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(iv)The duty to support under the provisions of Article 877 to Article 880 of the Civil Code
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(2)In execution against a claim that has been commenced pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it is possible to seize only the claim pertaining to a compensation or any other continuous performance that becomes due after the arrival of the fixed due date of each claim for the periodic payments.
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(差押禁止債権)
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(Seizure-Prohibited Claim)
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第百五十二条次に掲げる債権については、その支払期に受けるべき給付の四分の三に相当する部分(その額が標準的な世帯の必要生計費を勘案して政令で定める額を超えるときは、政令で定める額に相当する部分)は、差し押さえてはならない。
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Article 152(1)In the case of either of the following claims, the portion equivalent to three-quarters of the performance to be received when such claim is due (or, if such amount exceeds the amount specified by a Cabinet Order by taking into account an average household's necessary living expenses, the portion equivalent to the amount specified by a Cabinet Order) shall not be seized:
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一債務者が国及び地方公共団体以外の者から生計を維持するために支給を受ける継続的給付に係る債権
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(i)A claim pertaining to continuous performance that the obligor receives from a person other than the State or local public entity for the purpose of maintaining his/her living
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二給料、賃金、俸給、退職年金及び賞与並びにこれらの性質を有する給与に係る債権
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(ii)A claim pertaining to a compensation, wage, salary, retirement pension, bonus or any remuneration similar in nature
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(3)With regard to application of the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs in the case of enforcing a monetary claim (meaning a claim for payment of money; the same shall apply hereinafter) pertaining to any of the duties listed in the items of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the term "three-quarters" in the preceding two paragraphs shall be deemed to be replaced with "a half."
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(差押禁止債権の範囲の変更)
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(Change in the Scope of Seizure-Prohibited Claims)
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第百五十三条執行裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者及び債権者の生活の状況その他の事情を考慮して、差押命令の全部若しくは一部を取り消し、又は前条の規定により差し押さえてはならない債権の部分について差押命令を発することができる。
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Article 153(1)An execution court may, upon petition, order revocation of all or part of an order of seizure or issue an order of seizure for the portion of a claim of which seizure is prohibited pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, taking into consideration the living conditions of the obligor and the obligee(s) and any other circumstances.
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(3)When the petition set forth in either of the preceding two paragraphs has been filed, an execution court may, until a judicial decision on such petition becomes effective, issue an order against the third party obligor prohibiting payment or any other performance, while requiring or not requiring provision of security.
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(配当要求)
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(Demand for Liquidating Distribution)
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第百五十四条執行力のある債務名義の正本を有する債権者及び文書により先取特権を有することを証明した債権者は、配当要求をすることができる。
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Article 154(1)An obligee having an enforceable authenticated copy of a title of obligation and an obligee who has proved that he/she has a statutory lien based on a document may make a demand for liquidating distribution.
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(差押債権者の金銭債権の取立て)
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(Collection of a Monetary Claim of an Obligee Effecting a Seizure)
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第百五十五条金銭債権を差し押さえた債権者は、債務者に対して差押命令が送達された日から一週間を経過したときは、その債権を取り立てることができる。ただし、差押債権者の債権及び執行費用の額を超えて支払を受けることができない。
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Article 155(1)An obligee who has seized a monetary claim may collect the claim when one week has elapsed from the day on which an order of seizure was served upon the obligor; provided, however, that he/she may not receive payment beyond the amount of the claim and execution costs of the obligee effecting a seizure.
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(第三債務者の供託)
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(Statutory Deposit by a Third Party Obligor)
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第百五十六条第三債務者は、差押えに係る金銭債権(差押命令により差し押さえられた金銭債権に限る。次項において同じ。)の全額に相当する金銭を債務の履行地の供託所に供託することができる。
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Article 156(1)A third party obligor may make a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the total amount of the monetary claim pertaining to a seizure (limited to a monetary claim seized based on an order of seizure; the same shall apply in the following paragraph) to an official depository at the place of performance of the obligation.
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(2)A third party obligor shall, by the time he/she receives a service of a complaint for the action prescribed in paragraph (1) of the following Article, make a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the total amount of the claim in the case where he/she has received a service of an order of seizure, a disposition of seizure or an order of provisional seizure that has been issued beyond the unseized portion of a monetary claim pertaining to a seizure, or money equivalent to the seized portion in the case where he/she has received a service of a document stating that a demand for liquidating distribution was made, to an official depository at the place of performance of the obligation.
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(取立訴訟)
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(Suit for Collection)
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第百五十七条差押債権者が第三債務者に対し差し押さえた債権に係る給付を求める訴え(以下「取立訴訟」という。)を提起したときは、受訴裁判所は、第三債務者の申立てにより、他の債権者で訴状の送達の時までにその債権を差し押さえたものに対し、共同訴訟人として原告に参加すべきことを命ずることができる。
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Article 157(1)When an obligee effecting a seizure has filed an action seeking performance of a seized claim (hereinafter referred to as a "suit for collection") against a third party obligor, the court in charge of the case may, upon petition by the third party obligor, order any other obligee who has seized such claim by the time of the service of the complaint to intervene on the plaintiff's side as a coparty.
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(4)When upholding the plaintiff's claim in a suit for collection against a third party obligor who is obligated to make a statutory deposit pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, the court in charge of the case shall include a statement to the effect that the payment of money pertaining to the claim shall be made by the method of a statutory deposit in the main text of the judgment.
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(債権者の損害賠償)
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(Compensation of Damages to an Obligor)
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第百五十八条差押債権者は、債務者に対し、差し押さえた債権の行使を怠つたことによつて生じた損害を賠償する責めに任ずる。
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Article 158An obligee effecting a seizure shall be liable to compensate an obligor for any damages resulting from a failure to enforce a seized claim.
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(転付命令)
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(Assignment Order)
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第百五十九条執行裁判所は、差押債権者の申立てにより、支払に代えて券面額で差し押さえられた金銭債権を差押債権者に転付する命令(以下「転付命令」という。)を発することができる。
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Article 159(1)An execution court may, upon petition by the obligee effecting a seizure, issue an order to assign the seized monetary claim to the obligee effecting a seizure at the face value in lieu of payment (hereinafter referred to as an "assignment order").
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(3)If, by the time an assignment order is served upon the third party obligor, another obligee carries out a seizure or execution of a provisional seizure or makes a demand for liquidating distribution with regard to the monetary claim pertaining to the assignment order, the assignment order shall not become effective.
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(6)If an appeal against a disposition of execution has been filed on the basis that the document set forth in Article 39 (1)(vii) or (viii) was submitted after the issuance of an assignment order, the court of appeal shall withhold the judicial decision on the appeal against a disposition of execution, except in the case of revoking the assignment order based on another reason.
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(転付命令の効力)
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(Effects of an Assignment Order)
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第百六十条差押命令及び転付命令が確定した場合においては、差押債権者の債権及び執行費用は、転付命令に係る金銭債権が存する限り、その券面額で、転付命令が第三債務者に送達された時に弁済されたものとみなす。
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Article 160In cases where an order of seizure and an assignment order has become final and binding, as long as the monetary claim pertaining to the assignment order exists, the claim and execution costs of the obligee effecting a seizure shall be deemed to have been performed, in the amount of the face value of such claim, at the time of the service of the assignment order upon the third party obligor.
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(譲渡命令等)
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(Transfer Order, etc.)
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第百六十一条差し押さえられた債権が、条件付若しくは期限付であるとき、又は反対給付に係ることその他の事由によりその取立てが困難であるときは、執行裁判所は、差押債権者の申立てにより、その債権を執行裁判所が定めた価額で支払に代えて差押債権者に譲渡する命令(以下「譲渡命令」という。)、取立てに代えて、執行裁判所の定める方法によりその債権の売却を執行官に命ずる命令(以下「売却命令」という。)又は管理人を選任してその債権の管理を命ずる命令(以下「管理命令」という。)その他相当な方法による換価を命ずる命令を発することができる。
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Article 161(1)When a seized claim is one subject to a condition or one with a due date, or when it is difficult to collect such claim since it relates to counter-performance or due to any other grounds, the execution court may, upon petition by the obligee effecting a seizure, issue an order to transfer such claim to the obligee effecting a seizure at the price specified by the execution court in lieu of payment (hereinafter referred to as a "transfer order"), issue an order that orders a court execution officer to sell such claim by the method specified by the execution court in lieu of collection (hereinafter referred to as a "sale order"), issue an order to appoint an administrator and order the administrator to conduct administration of such claim (hereinafter referred to as an "administration order"), or issue any other order that orders a realization through a reasonable method.
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(6)The provisions of Article 159 (2) and (3) and the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to a transfer order, the provisions of Article 159 (6) shall apply mutatis mutandis to an appeal against a disposition of execution filed against a transfer order, the provisions of Article 65 and Article 68 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a sale by a court execution officer based on a sale order, the provisions of Article 159 (2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to an administration order, and the provisions of Article 84 (3) and (4), Article 88, Article 94 (2), Article 95 (1), (3) and (4), Articles 98 to 104, and Articles 106 to 110 shall apply to administration based on an administration order.In this case, the phrase "after the payment of the price" in Article 84 (3) and (4) shall be deemed to be replaced with "after the passage of the period set forth in Article 107 (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 161."
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(船舶の引渡請求権の差押命令の執行)
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(Execution of an Order of Seizure of a Claim for Delivery of a Vessel)
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第百六十二条船舶の引渡請求権を差し押さえた債権者は、債務者に対して差押命令が送達された日から一週間を経過したときは、第三債務者に対し、船舶の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の選任する保管人にその船舶を引き渡すべきことを請求することができる。
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Article 162(1)An obligee who has seized a claim for delivery of a vessel may, when one week has elapsed from the day on which an order of seizure was served upon the obligor, demand the third party obligor to deliver the vessel to the custodian appointed by the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the vessel.
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(動産の引渡請求権の差押命令の執行)
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(Execution of an Order of Seizure of a Claim for Delivery of Movables)
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第百六十三条動産の引渡請求権を差し押さえた債権者は、債務者に対して差押命令が送達された日から一週間を経過したときは、第三債務者に対し、差押債権者の申立てを受けた執行官にその動産を引き渡すべきことを請求することができる。
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Article 163(1)An obligee who has seized a claim for delivery of movables may, when one week has elapsed from the day on which an order of seizure was served upon the obligor, demand the third party obligor to deliver the movables to the court execution officer who has received a petition by the obligee effecting a seizure.
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(移転登記等の嘱託)
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(Commission of Registration of Transfer)
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第百六十四条第百五十条に規定する債権について、転付命令若しくは譲渡命令が確定したとき、又は売却命令による売却が終了したときは、裁判所書記官は、申立てにより、その債権を取得した差押債権者又は買受人のために先取特権、質権又は抵当権の移転の登記等を嘱託し、及び同条の規定による登記等の抹消を嘱託しなければならない。
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Article 164(1)When an assignment order or a transfer order has become final and binding for the claim prescribed in Article 150, or when a sale based on a sale order has been terminated, a court clerk shall, upon petition, commission registration of transfer of the statutory lien, pledge or mortgage for the obligee effecting a seizure or the purchaser who acquired such claim, and commission cancellation of registration under the provisions of said Article.
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(2)In the case of making a commission under the provisions of the preceding paragraph (excluding the case prescribed in the following paragraph), the commission document shall have attached an authenticated copy of an assignment order or a transfer order or a transcript of a document prepared by a court execution officer with regard to a sale based on a sale order.
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3第一項の規定による嘱託をする場合において、不動産登記法(平成十六年法律第百二十三号)第十六条第二項(他の法令において準用する場合を含む。)において準用する同法第十八条の規定による嘱託をするときは、その嘱託情報と併せて転付命令若しくは譲渡命令があつたことを証する情報又は売却命令に基づく売却について執行官が作成した文書の内容を証する情報を提供しなければならない。
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(3)In the case of making a commission under the provisions of paragraph (1), when making a commission under the provisions of Article 18 of the Real Property Registration Act (Act No. 123 of 2004) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 16 (2) of said Act (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to other laws and regulations), information proving the fact that an assignment order or a transfer order has been issued or information proving the contents of a document prepared by a court execution officer with regard to a sale based on a sale order shall be submitted along with the commission information.
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(5)In cases where registration has been made pursuant to the provisions of Article 150, when a document proving that a payment or a statutory deposit was made for the seized claim has been submitted, a court clerk shall, upon petition, commission cancellation of said registration. The same shall apply when the petition for execution against a claim has been withdrawn or when an order to revoke an order of seizure has become final and binding.
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(6)The registration and license tax and any other costs required for a commission under the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be borne by the obligor in the case set forth in the first sentence of said paragraph, and by the obligee effecting a seizure in the case set forth in the second sentence of said paragraph.
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(配当等を受けるべき債権者の範囲)
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(Scope of Obligees who Are to Receive Liquidating Distribution, etc.)
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第百六十五条配当等を受けるべき債権者は、次に掲げる時までに差押え、仮差押えの執行又は配当要求をした債権者とする。
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Article 165Obligees who are to receive liquidating distribution, etc. shall be obligees who have carried out a seizure or execution of a provisional seizure or have made a demand for liquidating distribution by any of the following times:
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一第三債務者が第百五十六条第一項又は第二項の規定による供託をした時
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(i)The time when the third party obligor made a statutory deposit under the provisions of Article 156 (1) or (2)
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二取立訴訟の訴状が第三債務者に送達された時
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(ii)The time when a complaint for a suit for collection was served upon the third party obligor
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三売却命令により執行官が売得金の交付を受けた時
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(iii)The time when a court execution officer received delivery of proceeds based on a sale order
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四動産引渡請求権の差押えの場合にあつては、執行官がその動産の引渡しを受けた時
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(iv)In the case of a seizure of a claim for delivery of movables, the time when a court execution officer received delivery of such movables
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(配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Liquidating Distribution, etc.)
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第百六十六条執行裁判所は、第百六十一条第六項において準用する第百九条に規定する場合のほか、次に掲げる場合には、配当等を実施しなければならない。
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Article 166(1)An execution court shall implement liquidating distribution, etc. in any of the following cases, in addition to the cases prescribed in Article 109 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 161 (6):
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一第百五十六条第一項若しくは第二項又は第百五十七条第五項の規定による供託がされた場合
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(i)Cases where a statutory deposit was made under the provisions of Article 156 (1) or (2) or Article 157 (5)
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二売却命令による売却がされた場合
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(ii)Cases where a sale was carried out based on a sale order
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三第百六十三条第二項の規定により売得金が提出された場合
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(iii)Cases where proceeds were submitted pursuant to the provisions of Article 163 (2)
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(その他の財産権に対する強制執行)
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(Compulsory Execution against any Other Property Right)
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第百六十七条不動産、船舶、動産及び債権以外の財産権(以下この条において「その他の財産権」という。)に対する強制執行については、特別の定めがあるもののほか、債権執行の例による。
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Article 167(1)Compulsory execution against a property right other than real property, a vessel, movables or a claim (hereinafter referred to as "any other property right" in this Article) shall be governed by the rules of execution against a claim, except as otherwise provided.
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(4)In cases where, prior to the service of an order of seizure, registration of a seizure was made for any other property right for which registration is required in the case of transfer of the right, the seizure shall become effective at the time when the registration of the seizure was made; provided, however, that against any other property for which restriction of disposition of the right shall not be effective without making registration thereof, a seizure shall become effective at the time when registration of the seizure was made, even if registration of the seizure was made after the service of an order of seizure.
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第二目 少額訴訟債権執行
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Division 2 Execution against a Claim Relating to an Action on Small Claim
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(少額訴訟債権執行の開始等)
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(Commencement of Execution against a Claim Relating to an Action on Small Claim, etc.)
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第百六十七条の二次に掲げる少額訴訟に係る債務名義による金銭債権に対する強制執行は、前目の定めるところにより裁判所が行うほか、第二条の規定にかかわらず、申立てにより、この目の定めるところにより裁判所書記官が行う。
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Article 167-2(1)Compulsory execution against a monetary claim based on the title of obligation pertaining to an action on small claim set forth in any of the following items shall be carried out by a court pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Division and, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2, be carried out by a court clerk pursuant to the provisions of this Division, upon petition:
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一少額訴訟における確定判決
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(i)A final and binding judgment made in an action on small claim
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二仮執行の宣言を付した少額訴訟の判決
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(ii)A judgment of an action on small claim with a declaration of provisional execution
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三少額訴訟における訴訟費用又は和解の費用の負担の額を定める裁判所書記官の処分
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(iii)A disposition by a court clerk determining court costs or the amount of the burden of costs for settlement in an action on small claim
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四少額訴訟における和解又は認諾の調書
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(iv)A record of a settlement or acknowledgment in an action on small claim
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五少額訴訟における民事訴訟法第二百七十五条の二第一項の規定による和解に代わる決定
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(v)An order in lieu of settlement under the provisions of Article 275-2 (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure in an action on small claim
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一第一項第一号に掲げる債務名義同号の判決をした簡易裁判所
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(i)The title of obligation set forth in paragraph (1)(i):The summary court that has made the judgment set forth in said item
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二第一項第二号に掲げる債務名義同号の判決をした簡易裁判所
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(ii)The title of obligation set forth in paragraph (1)(ii):The summary court that has made the judgment set forth in said item
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三第一項第三号に掲げる債務名義同号の処分をした裁判所書記官の所属する簡易裁判所
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(iii)The title of obligation set forth in paragraph (1)(iii):The summary court to which the court clerk who has made the disposition set forth in said item belongs
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四第一項第四号に掲げる債務名義同号の和解が成立し、又は同号の認諾がされた簡易裁判所
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(iv)The title of obligation set forth in paragraph (1)(iv):The summary court in which the settlement set forth in said item was concluded or the acknowledgment set forth in said item was made
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五第一項第五号に掲げる債務名義同号の和解に代わる決定をした簡易裁判所
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(v)The title of obligation set forth in paragraph (1)(v):The summary court that has issued the order in lieu of settlement set forth in said item
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(4)The provisions of Article 144 (3) and (4) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where another disposition of seizure has been made for the monetary claim pertaining to a seizure (limited to a monetary claim seized based on a disposition of seizure; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Division).In this case, the phrase "the execution court that has issued such order of seizure" in paragraph (3) of said Article shall be deemed to be replaced with "the summary court to which the court clerk who has made such disposition of seizure belongs," the phrase "the earlier execution court may" in said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "the earlier court clerk may," the phrase "the other execution court" in said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "a court clerk of the other summary court," and the term "order" in paragraph (4) of said Article shall be deemed to be replaced with "disposition by a court clerk."
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(執行裁判所)
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(Execution Court)
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第百六十七条の三少額訴訟債権執行の手続において裁判所書記官が行う執行処分に関しては、その裁判所書記官の所属する簡易裁判所をもつて執行裁判所とする。
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Article 167-3For a disposition of execution made by a court clerk in the procedure of execution against a claim relating to an action on small claim, the execution court shall be the summary court to which said court clerk belongs.
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(裁判所書記官の執行処分の効力等)
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(Effects of a Disposition of Execution by a Court Clerk, etc.)
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第百六十七条の四少額訴訟債権執行の手続において裁判所書記官が行う執行処分は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、相当と認める方法で告知することによつて、その効力を生ずる。
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Article 167-4(1)A disposition of execution made by a court clerk in the procedure of execution against a claim relating to an action on small claim shall become effective by giving a notice thereof by a method found to be reasonable, except as otherwise provided for.
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(差押処分)
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(Disposition of Seizure)
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第百六十七条の五裁判所書記官は、差押処分において、債務者に対し金銭債権の取立てその他の処分を禁止し、かつ、第三債務者に対し債務者への弁済を禁止しなければならない。
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Article 167-5(1)A court clerk shall, in a disposition of seizure, prohibit the obligor from collecting or otherwise disposing the monetary claim and prohibit the third party obligor from providing performance to the obligor.
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(5)The provisions of Article 74 (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis to a disposition made by a court clerk on a petition for a disposition on seizure.In this case, the provisions of paragraph (3), the preceding paragraph, and paragraph (3) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(費用の予納等)
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(Prepayment of Expenses, etc.)
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第百六十七条の六少額訴訟債権執行についての第十四条第一項及び第四項の規定の適用については、これらの規定中「執行裁判所」とあるのは、「裁判所書記官」とする。
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Article 167-6(1)With regard to application of the provisions of Article 14 (1) and (4) to execution against a claim relating to an action on small claim, the term "execution court" in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with "court clerk."
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(3)Any objection to a disposition of execution filed against a disposition made by a court clerk under the provisions of Article 14 (4) as applied pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) by replacing the terms shall be filed within an unextendable period of one week from the day on which the notice of such disposition has been received.
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(5)A disposition by a court clerk to rescind the procedure of execution against a claim relating to an action on small claim pursuant to the provisions of Article 14 (4) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) by replacing the terms shall not be effective until it becomes final and binding.
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(第三者異議の訴えの管轄裁判所)
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(Court with Jurisdiction over a Third Party Action against Execution)
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第百六十七条の七少額訴訟債権執行の不許を求める第三者異議の訴えは、第三十八条第三項の規定にかかわらず、執行裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が管轄する。
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Article 167-7Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 38 (3), a third party action against execution seeking non-permission of execution against a claim relating to an action on small claim shall be under the jurisdiction of the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the execution court.
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(差押禁止債権の範囲の変更)
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(Change in the Scope of Seizure-Prohibited Claims)
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第百六十七条の八執行裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者及び債権者の生活の状況その他の事情を考慮して、差押処分の全部若しくは一部を取り消し、又は第百六十七条の十四において準用する第百五十二条の規定により差し押さえてはならない金銭債権の部分について差押処分をすべき旨を命ずることができる。
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Article 167-8(1)An execution court may, upon petition, order revocation of all or part of a disposition of seizure or order that a disposition of seizure be made for the portion of a monetary claim of which seizure is prohibited pursuant to the provisions of Article 152 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 167-14, taking into consideration the living conditions of the obligor and the obligee(s) and any other circumstances.
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(2)When there has been a change in circumstances, an execution court may, upon petition, order that a disposition of seizure be made for a monetary claim for which a disposition of seizure had been revoked pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph or revoke all or part of a disposition of seizure that has been made under the provisions of said paragraph.
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(配当要求)
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(Demand for Liquidating Distribution)
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第百六十七条の九執行力のある債務名義の正本を有する債権者及び文書により先取特権を有することを証明した債権者は、裁判所書記官に対し、配当要求をすることができる。
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Article 167-9(1)An obligee having an enforceable authenticated copy of a title of obligation and an obligee who has proved that he/she has a statutory lien based on a document may make a demand for liquidating distribution to a court clerk.
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(3)Any objection to a disposition of execution filed against a disposition made by a court clerk to dismiss the demand for liquidating distribution set forth in paragraph (1) shall be filed within an unextendable period of one week from the day on which the notice of such disposition has been received.
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(転付命令等のための移行)
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(Transfer for Seeking an Assignment Order, etc.)
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第百六十七条の十差押えに係る金銭債権について転付命令又は譲渡命令、売却命令、管理命令その他相当な方法による換価を命ずる命令(以下この条において「転付命令等」という。)のいずれかの命令を求めようとするときは、差押債権者は、執行裁判所に対し、転付命令等のうちいずれの命令を求めるかを明らかにして、債権執行の手続に事件を移行させることを求める旨の申立てをしなければならない。
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Article 167-10(1)When an obligee effecting a seizure intends to seek any one of an assignment order, transfer order, sale order, administration order, or any other order that orders a realization through a reasonable method (hereinafter referred to as an "assignment order, etc." in this Article) for the monetary claim pertaining to a seizure, he/she shall, by clarifying which one of the assignment order, etc. he/she seeks, file a petition with the execution court seeking transfer of the case to the procedure of execution against a claim.
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(2)When the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph has been filed by clarifying the type of order prescribed in said paragraph, the execution court shall transfer the case to the procedure of execution against a claim at the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the execution court.
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(3)When an objection to a disposition of execution or an appeal against a disposition of execution was filed against a disposition of execution already made, prior to the time when an order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph became effective, said order shall not be effective until a judicial decision on such objection to a disposition of execution or appeal against a disposition of execution becomes final and binding.
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(6)When an order under the provisions of paragraph (2) has become effective, the petition for an order of seizure or the petition for an assignment order, etc. shall be deemed to have been filed with the district court prescribed in paragraph (2) at the time when the petition for a disposition of seizure or the petition set forth in paragraph (1) was filed, and any disposition of execution already made or any other act already conducted shall be deemed to be a disposition of execution made or any other act conducted in the procedure of execution against a claim.
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(配当等のための移行等)
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(Transfer for Seeking Liquidating Distribution, etc.)
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第百六十七条の十一第百六十七条の十四において準用する第百五十六条第一項若しくは第二項又は第百五十七条第五項の規定により供託がされた場合において、債権者が二人以上であつて供託金で各債権者の債権及び執行費用の全部を弁済することができないため配当を実施すべきときは、執行裁判所は、その所在地を管轄する地方裁判所における債権執行の手続に事件を移行させなければならない。
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Article 167-11(1)In cases where a statutory deposit has been made pursuant to the provisions of Article 156 (1) or (2) or Article 157 (5) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 167-14, if liquidating distribution is to be implemented since there are two or more obligees and it is not possible to fully perform the claims and execution costs of the respective obligees with the deposit money, the execution court shall transfer its case to the procedure of execution against a claim at the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the execution court.
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(2)In the cases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if another order of seizure or disposition of seizure has been made for the monetary claim pertaining to a seizure, the execution court may transfer its case to the procedure of execution against a claim at the execution court that has issued said order of seizure or at the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the summary court to which the court clerk who has made said disposition of seizure belongs, in addition to the procedure of execution against a claim at the district court prescribed in said paragraph.
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(3)In cases where a statutory deposit has been made under the provisions of paragraph (1), if there is only one obligee or in cases where there are two or more obligees and it is possible to fully perform the claims and execution costs of the respective obligees with the deposit money, a court clerk shall prepare a statement of delivery of the deposit money, and deliver payment money to the obligee(s) and deliver any surplus to the obligor.
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(4)In the cases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if another order of seizure has been issued for the monetary claim pertaining to a seizure, the execution court may transfer its case to the procedure of execution against a claim at the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the execution court or at the execution court that has issued said order of seizure.
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(5)In cases where another order of seizure has been issued for the monetary claim pertaining to a seizure, if the execution court that has issued said order of seizure is to implement liquidating distribution, etc. pursuant to the provisions of Article 109 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 161 (6) or pursuant to the provisions of Article 166 (1)(ii), the earlier execution court shall transfer its case to the procedure of execution against a claim at the execution court that has issued said order of seizure.
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(7)The provisions of Article 84 (3) and (4), Article 88, Article 91 (excluding paragraph (1)(vi) and (vii)) and Article 92 (1) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the procedure of delivery of payment money implemented by a court clerk pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3), the provisions of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of paragraph (1), paragraph (2), paragraph (4) or paragraph (5), and the provisions of paragraph (6) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where an order under the provisions of paragraph (1), paragraph (2), paragraph (4) or paragraph (5) has become effective.
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(裁量移行)
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(Discretionary Transfer)
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第百六十七条の十二執行裁判所は、差し押さえるべき金銭債権の内容その他の事情を考慮して相当と認めるときは、その所在地を管轄する地方裁判所における債権執行の手続に事件を移行させることができる。
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Article 167-12(1)An execution court may, when it finds it to be reasonable by taking into consideration the contents of the monetary claim to be seized and any other circumstances, transfer its case to the procedure of execution against a claim at the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the execution court.
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(3)The provisions of Article 167-10 (3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of paragraph (1), and the provisions of paragraph (6) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where an order under the provisions of paragraph (1) has become effective.In this case, the phrase "the petition for a disposition of seizure or the petition set forth in paragraph (1)" in paragraph (6) of said Article shall be deemed to be replaced with "the petition for a disposition of seizure," and the phrase "the petition for an order of seizure or the petition for an assignment order, etc." in said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "the petition for an order of seizure."
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(総則規定の適用関係)
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(Application of the General Provisions)
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第百六十七条の十三少額訴訟債権執行についての第一章及び第二章第一節の規定の適用については、第十三条第一項中「執行裁判所でする手続」とあるのは「第百六十七条の二第二項に規定する少額訴訟債権執行の手続」と、第十六条第一項中「執行裁判所」とあるのは「裁判所書記官」と、第十七条中「執行裁判所の行う民事執行」とあるのは「第百六十七条の二第二項に規定する少額訴訟債権執行」と、第四十条第一項中「執行裁判所又は執行官」とあるのは「裁判所書記官」と、第四十二条第四項中「執行裁判所の裁判所書記官」とあるのは「裁判所書記官」とする。
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Article 167-13With regard to application of the provisions of Chapter I and Chapter II, Section 1 to execution against a claim relating to an action on small claim, the phrase "procedures with an execution court" in Article 13 (1) shall be deemed to be replaced with "procedures of the execution against a claim relating to an action on small claim prescribed in Article 167-2 (2)," the term "execution court" in Article 16 (1) shall be deemed to be replaced with "court clerk," the phrase "civil execution carried out by an execution court" in Article 17 shall be deemed to be replaced with "the execution against a claim relating to an action on small claim prescribed in Article 167-2 (2)," the phrase "the execution court or court execution officer" in Article 40 (1) shall be deemed to be replaced with "the court clerk," and the phrase "a court clerk of the execution court" in Article 42 (4) shall be deemed to be replaced with "a court clerk."
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(債権執行の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions on Execution against a Claim)
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第百六十七条の十四第百四十六条から第百五十二条まで、第百五十五条から第百五十八条まで、第百六十四条第五項及び第六項並びに第百六十五条(第三号及び第四号を除く。)の規定は、少額訴訟債権執行について準用する。この場合において、第百四十六条、第百五十五条第三項及び第百五十六条第三項中「執行裁判所」とあるのは「裁判所書記官」と、第百四十六条第一項中「差押命令を発する」とあるのは「差押処分をする」と、第百四十七条第一項、第百四十八条第二項、第百五十条及び第百五十五条第一項中「差押命令」とあるのは「差押処分」と、第百四十七条第一項及び第百四十八条第一項中「差押えに係る債権」とあるのは「差押えに係る金銭債権」と、第百四十九条中「差押命令が発せられたとき」とあるのは「差押処分がされたとき」と、第百六十四条第五項中「差押命令の取消決定」とあるのは「差押処分の取消決定若しくは差押処分を取り消す旨の裁判所書記官の処分」と、第百六十五条(見出しを含む。)中「配当等」とあるのは「弁済金の交付」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 167-14The provisions of Articles 146 to 152, Articles 155 to 158, Article 164 (5) and (6), and Article 165 (excluding item (iii) and item (iv)) shall apply mutatis mutandis to execution against a claim relating to an action on small claim.In this case, the term "execution court" in Article 146, Article 155 (3) and Article 156 (3) shall be deemed to be replaced with "court clerk," the phrase "issue an order of seizure" in Article 146 (1) shall be deemed to be replaced with "make a disposition of seizure," the term "order of seizure" in Article 147 (1), Article 148 (2), Article 150 and Article 155 (1) shall be deemed to be replaced with "disposition of seizure," the phrase "claim pertaining to a seizure" in Article 147 (1) and Article 148 (1) shall be deemed to be replaced with "monetary claim pertaining to a seizure," the phrase "an order of seizure is issued" in Article 149 shall be deemed to be replaced with "a disposition of seizure is made," the phrase "an order to revoke an order of seizure" in Article 164 (5) shall be deemed to be replaced with "an order to revoke an order of seizure or a disposition by a court clerk to revoke a disposition of seizure," and the term "liquidating distribution, etc." in Article 165 (including the title of the Article) shall be deemed to be replaced with "delivery of payment money."
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第五款 扶養義務等に係る金銭債権についての強制執行の特例
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Subsection 5 Special Provisions on Compulsory Execution for a Monetary Claim pertaining to Duty to Support, etc.
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(扶養義務等に係る金銭債権についての間接強制)
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(Indirect Compulsory Execution for a Monetary Claim pertaining to Duty to Support, etc.)
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第百六十七条の十五第百五十一条の二第一項各号に掲げる義務に係る金銭債権についての強制執行は、前各款の規定により行うほか、債権者の申立てがあるときは、執行裁判所が第百七十二条第一項に規定する方法により行う。ただし、債務者が、支払能力を欠くためにその金銭債権に係る債務を弁済することができないとき、又はその債務を弁済することによつてその生活が著しく窮迫するときは、この限りでない。
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Article 167-15(1)Compulsory execution for a monetary claim pertaining to any of the duties listed in the items of Article 151-2 (1) shall be carried out pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Subsections as well as, when a petition has been filed by the obligee, be carried out by the execution court by the method prescribed in Article 172 (1); provided, however, that this shall not apply when the obligor is unable to perform the obligation pertaining to such monetary claim due to a lack of the ability to pay or when the obligor is to fall into extreme poverty through performance of the obligation.
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(2)In the case of carrying out compulsory execution for the monetary claim prescribed in the preceding paragraph pursuant to the provisions of said paragraph by the method prescribed in Article 172 (1), the execution court shall, when determining the amount of money to be paid by the obligor to the obligee, particularly take into account the disadvantages to be incurred by the obligee through default of the obligation and the financial resources of the obligor and the mode of his/her performance of the obligation in the past.
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(3)When there has been a change in circumstances, an execution court may, upon petition by the obligor, revoke an order under the provisions of paragraph (1) retroactively as of the time when such petition was filed (or, if there was a change in circumstances after such petition was filed, the time of such change in circumstances).
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(6)The provisions of Article 172 (2) to (5) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case set forth in paragraph (1), the provisions of paragraph (3) and paragraph (5) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case set forth in paragraph (3), and the provisions of Article 173 (2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the execution court set forth in paragraph (1).
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(扶養義務等に係る定期金債権を請求する場合の特例)
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(Special Provisions on Cases of Enforcing a Claim for Periodic Payments pertaining to Duty to Support, etc.)
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第百六十七条の十六債権者が第百五十一条の二第一項各号に掲げる義務に係る確定期限の定めのある定期金債権を有する場合において、その一部に不履行があるときは、第三十条第一項の規定にかかわらず、当該定期金債権のうち六月以内に確定期限が到来するものについても、前条第一項に規定する方法による強制執行を開始することができる。
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Article 167-16In cases where the obligee has a claim for periodic payments with provisions on fixed due dates pertaining to any of the duties listed in the items of Article 151-2 (1), if any part of such claim is in default, compulsory execution by the method prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article may be commenced even for the portion of said claim for periodic payments for which the fixed due date is to arrive within six months, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 30 (1).
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第三節 金銭の支払を目的としない請求権についての強制執行
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Section 3 Compulsory Execution for a Claim not Intended for Payment of Money
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(不動産の引渡し等の強制執行)
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(Compulsory Execution of Delivery, etc. of Real Property)
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第百六十八条不動産等(不動産又は人の居住する船舶等をいう。以下この条及び次条において同じ。)の引渡し又は明渡しの強制執行は、執行官が債務者の不動産等に対する占有を解いて債権者にその占有を取得させる方法により行う。
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Article 168(1)Compulsory execution of delivery or surrender of real property, etc. (meaning real property or a vessel, etc. in which a person resides; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article and in the following Article) shall be carried out by the method in which a court execution officer releases the real property, etc. from the obligor's possession and has the obligee acquire the possession of such real property, etc.
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(2)A court execution officer may, when it is particularly necessary for identifying the possessor of the real property, etc. set forth in the preceding paragraph in order to carry out the compulsory execution set forth in said paragraph, ask questions to a person present at said real property, etc. or request such person to present documents at the place of said real property, etc. or a place adjacent thereto.
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(5)In the compulsory execution set forth in paragraph (1), a court execution officer shall remove any movables that is not the subject matter of such compulsory execution, and deliver such movables to the obligor, the obligor's agent, or a relative, employee or any other worker living together who has reasonable discretion.In this case, if it is not possible to deliver such movables to any of such persons, the court execution officer may sell such movables pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(6)If any part of the movables set forth in the preceding paragraph has not been delivered or sold under the provisions of said paragraph, a court execution officer shall retain such part of the movables.In this case, the provisions of the second sentence of the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(8)When a court execution officer has sold movables pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the second sentence of paragraph (6)), he/she shall deduct the expenses required for the sale and retention from the proceeds of such sale and make a statutory deposit of the remainder.
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(明渡しの催告)
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(Demand for Surrender)
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第百六十八条の二執行官は、不動産等の引渡し又は明渡しの強制執行の申立てがあつた場合において、当該強制執行を開始することができるときは、次項に規定する引渡し期限を定めて、明渡しの催告(不動産等の引渡し又は明渡しの催告をいう。以下この条において同じ。)をすることができる。ただし、債務者が当該不動産等を占有していないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 168-2(1)In cases where a petition for compulsory execution of delivery or surrender of real property, etc. has been filed, if it is possible to commence said compulsory execution, a court execution officer may make a demand for surrender (meaning a demand for delivery or surrender of real property, etc.; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article) by specifying the time limit for delivery prescribed in the following paragraph; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the obligor is not in possession of said real property, etc.
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(2)The time limit for delivery (meaning the time limit for carrying out compulsory execution under the provisions of paragraph (6) based on a demand for surrender; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article) shall be the day on which one month has elapsed from the day on which the demand for surrender was made; provided, however, that a court execution officer may designate another date as the time limit for delivery by obtaining the permission of the execution court.
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(3)A court execution officer shall, when he/she has made a demand for surrender, give public notice of such fact, the time limit for delivery, and the fact that the obligor is prohibited from transferring the possession of the real property, etc. pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5) by the method of posting a written public notice or any other sign at the place where said real property, etc. is located.
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(4)Until the time limit for delivery has been reached, a court execution officer may extend the time limit for delivery by obtaining the permission of the execution court.In this case, the court execution officer shall give public notice of the fact that the time limit for delivery has changed and the changed time limit for delivery by the method of posting a written public notice or any other sign at the place where said real property, etc. is located.
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(6)If possession of real property, etc. was transferred after a demand for surrender was made, until the time limit for delivery has been reached, compulsory execution based on the petition set forth in paragraph (1) may be carried out against the possessor (meaning a person possessing the real property, etc. set forth in paragraph (1) who is not the obligor; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article).In this case, said possessor shall be deemed to be the obligor with regard to application of the provisions of Article 42 and the preceding Article.
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(7)If possession of real property, etc. was transferred after a demand for surrender was made, the possessor may file an action seeking non-permission of compulsory execution against the obligee on the basis that he/she had no knowledge of a demand for surrender having been made and he/she is not a successor to the obligor's possession.In this case, the provisions of Article 36, Article 37 and Article 38 (3) shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(9)When compulsory execution has been carried out against a possessor pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (6), said possessor may assert, as the basis for filing an objection to a disposition of execution, that he/she possesses the subject matter based on a title which may be duly asserted against the obligee or that he/she had no knowledge of a demand for surrender having been made and he/she is not a successor to the obligor's possession.
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(動産の引渡しの強制執行)
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(Compulsory Execution of Delivery of Movables)
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第百六十九条第百六十八条第一項に規定する動産以外の動産(有価証券を含む。)の引渡しの強制執行は、執行官が債務者からこれを取り上げて債権者に引き渡す方法により行う。
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Article 169(1)Compulsory execution of delivery of movables (including securities) other than the movables prescribed in Article 168 (1) shall be carried out by the method in which a court execution officer confiscates such movables from the obligor and delivers it to the obligee.
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(目的物を第三者が占有する場合の引渡しの強制執行)
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(Compulsory Execution of Delivery in Cases where a Third Party Possesses the Subject Matter)
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第百七十条第三者が強制執行の目的物を占有している場合においてその物を債務者に引き渡すべき義務を負つているときは、物の引渡しの強制執行は、執行裁判所が、債務者の第三者に対する引渡請求権を差し押さえ、請求権の行使を債権者に許す旨の命令を発する方法により行う。
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Article 170(1)In cases where a third party possesses the subject matter of compulsory execution, if such third person is liable to deliver said object to the obligor, compulsory execution of delivery of the object shall be carried out by the method in which the execution court seizes the obligor's claim for delivery against the third party and issues an order permitting the obligee to exercise such claim.
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(代替執行)
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(Execution by Substitute)
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Article 171(1)Compulsory execution pertaining to the request prescribed in the main clause of Article 414 (2) or Article 414 (3) of the Civil Code shall be carried out by the method in which the execution court issues an order in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Code.
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(間接強制)
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(Indirect Compulsory Execution)
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第百七十二条作為又は不作為を目的とする債務で前条第一項の強制執行ができないものについての強制執行は、執行裁判所が、債務者に対し、遅延の期間に応じ、又は相当と認める一定の期間内に履行しないときは直ちに、債務の履行を確保するために相当と認める一定の額の金銭を債権者に支払うべき旨を命ずる方法により行う。
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Article 172(1)Compulsory execution for an obligation of action or inaction for which it is not possible to carry out the compulsory execution set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article shall be carried out by the method in which the execution court orders the obligor to pay to the obligee money of a certain amount that is found to be reasonable for securing performance of the obligation, according to the period of the delay or immediately if the obligor fails to perform the obligation within a certain period that is found to be reasonable.
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(4)In cases where there has been payment of money that was ordered pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), if the amount of damages that resulted from default of the obligation exceeds the amount of payment, the obligee shall not be precluded from claiming compensation for damages for such amount in excess.
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Article 173(1)The compulsory execution prescribed in Article 168 (1), Article 169 (1), Article 170 (1) and Article 171 (1) shall be carried out pursuant to the provisions of Articles 168 to 171 respectively as well as, when a petition has been filed by the obligee, be carried out by the execution court by the method prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.In this case, the provisions of paragraphs (2) to (5) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(2)The execution court set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be, for the categories of the title of obligation set forth in the items of Article 33 (2) (excluding item (i)-2 and item (iv)), the court with jurisdiction over an action for grant of a certificate of execution with regard to the respective titles of obligation.
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(意思表示の擬制)
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(Constructive Manifestation of Intention)
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第百七十四条意思表示をすべきことを債務者に命ずる判決その他の裁判が確定し、又は和解、認諾、調停若しくは労働審判に係る債務名義が成立したときは、債務者は、その確定又は成立の時に意思表示をしたものとみなす。ただし、債務者の意思表示が、債権者の証明すべき事実の到来に係るときは第二十七条第一項の規定により執行文が付与された時に、反対給付との引換え又は債務の履行その他の債務者の証明すべき事実のないことに係るときは次項又は第三項の規定により執行文が付与された時に意思表示をしたものとみなす。
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Article 174(1)When a judgment or any other judicial decision ordering the obligor to manifest his/her intention has become final and binding, or when a title of obligation pertaining to a settlement, acknowledgment, mediation or labor tribunal judgment has been established, the obligor shall be deemed to have manifested his/her intention at the time when such judicial decision became final and binding or such title of obligation was established; provided, however, that if the manifestation of intention by the obligor relates to actualization of a fact to be proved by an obligee, the obligor shall be deemed to have manifested his/her intention at the time when a certificate of execution was granted pursuant to the provisions of Article 27 (1), and if it relates to an exchange with counter-performance or relates to absence of a fact to be proved by the obligor such as performance of an obligation, the obligor shall be deemed to have manifested his/her intention at the time when a certificate of execution was granted pursuant to the provisions of the following paragraph or paragraph (3).
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(3)In cases where manifestation of intention by the obligor relates to absence of a fact to be proved by the obligor, if a petition for grant of a certificate of execution has been filed, a court clerk shall demand the obligor to submit a document proving such absence by specifying a certain period and may grant a certificate of execution only when the obligor fails to submit such document within such period.
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第三章 担保権の実行としての競売等
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Chapter III Auction, etc. for Exercise of a Security Interest
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(不動産担保権の実行の方法)
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(Method of Exercise of a Real Property Security Interest)
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第百八十条不動産(登記することができない土地の定着物を除き、第四十三条第二項の規定により不動産とみなされるものを含む。以下この章において同じ。)を目的とする担保権(以下この章において「不動産担保権」という。)の実行は、次に掲げる方法であつて債権者が選択したものにより行う。
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Article 180Exercise of a security interest in real property (excluding any fixtures on land that are not registrable, and including what are deemed to be real property pursuant to the provisions of Article 43 (2); hereinafter the same shall apply in this Chapter) (hereinafter referred to as a "real property security interest" in this Chapter) shall be carried out by either of the following methods that has been chosen by the obligee:
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一担保不動産競売(競売による不動産担保権の実行をいう。以下この章において同じ。)の方法
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(i)The method of a secured real property auction (meaning exercise of a real property security interest through an auction; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Chapter)
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二担保不動産収益執行(不動産から生ずる収益を被担保債権の弁済に充てる方法による不動産担保権の実行をいう。以下この章において同じ。)の方法
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(ii)The method of execution against earnings from secured real property (meaning exercise of a real property security interest by the method of allotting the earnings from real property to performance of the secured claim; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Chapter)
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(不動産担保権の実行の開始)
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(Commencement of Exercise of a Real Property Security Interest)
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第百八十一条不動産担保権の実行は、次に掲げる文書が提出されたときに限り、開始する。
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Article 181(1)Exercise of a real property security interest shall be commenced only when any of the following documents has been submitted:
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一担保権の存在を証する確定判決若しくは家事審判法(昭和二十二年法律第百五十二号)第十五条の審判又はこれらと同一の効力を有するものの謄本
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(i)A transcript of a final and binding judgment, an adjudication under Article 15 of the Domestic Affairs Adjustment Act (Act No. 152 of 1947), or a document that has the same effect as such judgment or adjudication, proving the existence of the security interest
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二担保権の存在を証する公証人が作成した公正証書の謄本
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(ii)A transcript of a notarial deed prepared by a notary, proving the existence of the security interest
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三担保権の登記(仮登記を除く。)に関する登記事項証明書
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(iii)A certificate of the registered matters concerning registration (excluding provisional registration) of the security interest
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四一般の先取特権にあつては、その存在を証する文書
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(iv)In the case of a general statutory lien, a document proving its existence
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(3)In the case of filing a petition for exercise of a real property security interest after the security interest has been succeeded, a document proving such succession shall be submitted if such succession is inheritance or any other general succession, and a transcript of a judicial decision or any other official document proving such succession shall be submitted if such succession is that other than general succession.
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(4)When a commencement order for exercise of a real property security interest has been issued, a court clerk shall, at the time of servicing the commencement order, send to the opposite party a list of the documents prescribed in the preceding three paragraphs that have been submitted upon the filing of a petition for exercise of a real property security interest and a copy of the document set forth in paragraph (1)(iv) if any.
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(開始決定に対する執行抗告等)
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(Appeal against a Disposition of Execution, etc. Filed against a Commencement Order)
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第百八十二条不動産担保権の実行の開始決定に対する執行抗告又は執行異議の申立てにおいては、債務者又は不動産の所有者(不動産とみなされるものにあつては、その権利者。以下同じ。)は、担保権の不存在又は消滅を理由とすることができる。
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Article 182The obligor or the owner of real property (or, for what is deemed to be real property, its right holder; the same shall apply hereinafter) may assert absence or extinguishment of the security interest as the basis for filing an appeal against a disposition of execution or an objection to a disposition of execution against a commencement order for exercise of a real property security interest.
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(不動産担保権の実行の手続の停止)
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(Stay of the Procedure of Exercise of a Real Property Security Interest)
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第百八十三条不動産担保権の実行の手続は、次に掲げる文書の提出があつたときは、停止しなければならない。
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Article 183(1)The procedure of exercise of a real property security interest shall be stayed when any of the following documents has been submitted:
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一担保権のないことを証する確定判決(確定判決と同一の効力を有するものを含む。次号において同じ。)の謄本
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(i)A transcript of a final and binding judgment (including a document that has the same effect as a final and binding judgment; the same shall apply in the following item) proving absence of the security interest
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二第百八十一条第一項第一号に掲げる裁判若しくはこれと同一の効力を有するものを取り消し、若しくはその効力がないことを宣言し、又は同項第三号に掲げる登記を抹消すべき旨を命ずる確定判決の謄本
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(ii)A transcript of a final and binding judgment, which revokes or declares invalidity of the judicial decision set forth in Article 181 (1)(i) or a document that has the same effect as such judicial decision or which orders cancellation of the registration set forth in item (iii) of said paragraph
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三担保権の実行をしない旨、その実行の申立てを取り下げる旨又は債権者が担保権によつて担保される債権の弁済を受け、若しくはその債権の弁済の猶予をした旨を記載した裁判上の和解の調書その他の公文書の謄本
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(iii)A transcript of a record of a judicial settlement or any other official document containing a statement to the effect that the security interest shall not be exercised or that the petition for exercise of the security interest shall be withdrawn or that the obligee has received performance of the claim secured by the security interest or has granted grace of performance of such claim
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四担保権の登記の抹消に関する登記事項証明書
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(iv)A certificate of the registered matters concerning cancellation of registration of the security interest
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五不動産担保権の実行の手続の停止及び執行処分の取消しを命ずる旨を記載した裁判の謄本
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(v)A transcript of a judicial decision ordering a stay of the procedure of exercise of a real property security interest and revocation of a disposition of execution
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六不動産担保権の実行の手続の一時の停止を命ずる旨を記載した裁判の謄本
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(vi)A transcript of a judicial decision ordering a temporary stay of the procedure of exercise of a real property security interest
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七担保権の実行を一時禁止する裁判の謄本
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(vii)A transcript of a judicial decision temporarily prohibiting exercise of the security interest
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(代金の納付による不動産取得の効果)
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(Effects of Acquisition of Real Property Through Payment of the Price)
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第百八十四条担保不動産競売における代金の納付による買受人の不動産の取得は、担保権の不存在又は消滅により妨げられない。
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Article 184Acquisition of real property by the purchaser through payment of the price in a secured real property auction shall not be obstructed by absence or extinguishment of the security interest.
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(担保不動産競売の開始決定前の保全処分等)
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(Temporary Restraining Order prior to a Commencement Order for a Secured Real Property Auction, etc.)
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第百八十七条執行裁判所は、担保不動産競売の開始決定前であつても、債務者又は不動産の所有者若しくは占有者が価格減少行為(第五十五条第一項に規定する価格減少行為をいう。以下この項において同じ。)をする場合において、特に必要があるときは、当該不動産につき担保不動産競売の申立てをしようとする者の申立てにより、買受人が代金を納付するまでの間、同条第一項各号に掲げる保全処分又は公示保全処分を命ずることができる。ただし、当該価格減少行為による価格の減少又はそのおそれの程度が軽微であるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 187(1)Even prior to a commencement order for a secured real property auction, if it is particularly necessary in cases where the obligor or the owner or possessor of real property has committed a price reducing act (meaning the price reducing act prescribed in Article 55 (1); hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph), the execution court may, upon petition by a person who intends to file a petition for a secured real property auction of said real property, issue the temporary restraining order and/or the temporary restraining order to give public notice set forth in any of the items of paragraph (1) of said Article, until the purchaser pays the price; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the reduction in the price caused by such price reducing act or the extent of such likelihood is slight.
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一前項の債務者又は同項の不動産の所有者が当該不動産を占有する場合
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(i)Cases where the obligor set forth in the preceding paragraph or the owner of the real property set forth in said paragraph possesses the real property
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二前項の不動産の占有者の占有の権原が同項の規定による申立てをした者に対抗することができない場合
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(ii)Cases where the title to possession held by the possessor of the real property set forth in the preceding paragraph may not be duly asserted against a person who has filed a petition under the provisions of said paragraph
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(4)When a petitioner fails to submit a document proving that he/she has filed a petition for the secured real property auction set forth in paragraph (1) within three months from the day of receipt of the notice of an order granting the temporary restraining order set forth in said paragraph, the execution court shall revoke such order, upon petition by the respondent or the owner of the real property set forth in said paragraph.
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5第五十五条第三項から第五項までの規定は第一項の規定による決定について、同条第六項の規定は第一項又はこの項において準用する同条第五項の申立てについての裁判について、同条第七項の規定はこの項において準用する同条第五項の規定による決定について、同条第八項及び第九項並びに第五十五条の二の規定は第一項の規定による決定(第五十五条第一項第一号に掲げる保全処分又は公示保全処分を命ずるものを除く。)について、第五十五条第十項の規定は第一項の申立て又は同項の規定による決定(同条第一項第一号に掲げる保全処分又は公示保全処分を命ずるものを除く。)の執行に要した費用について、第八十三条の二の規定は第一項の規定による決定(第五十五条第一項第三号に掲げる保全処分及び公示保全処分を命ずるものに限る。)の執行がされた場合について準用する。この場合において、第五十五条第三項中「債務者以外の占有者」とあるのは、「債務者及び不動産の所有者以外の占有者」と読み替えるものとする。
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(5)The provisions of Article 55 (3) to (5) shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of paragraph (1), the provisions of paragraph (6) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to a judicial decision on the petition set forth in paragraph (1) or in paragraph (5) of said Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (7) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of paragraph (5) of said Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (8) and paragraph (9) of said Article and Article 55-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of paragraph (1) (excluding an order granting the temporary restraining order or the temporary restraining order to give public notice set forth in Article 55 (1)(i)), the provisions of Article 55 (10) shall apply mutatis mutandis to expenses required for the petition set forth in paragraph (1) or execution of an order under the provisions of said paragraph (excluding an order granting the temporary restraining order or the temporary restraining order to give public notice set forth in paragraph (1)(i) of said Article), the provisions of Article 83-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where an order under the provisions of paragraph (1) (limited to an order granting the temporary restraining order and the temporary restraining order to give public notice set forth in Article 55 (1)(iii)) has been executed.In this case, the phrase "possessor other than the obligor" in Article 55 (3) shall be deemed to be replaced with "possessor who is neither the obligor nor the owner of real property."
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(不動産執行の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions on Execution against Real Property)
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第百八十八条第四十四条の規定は不動産担保権の実行について、前章第二節第一款第二目(第八十一条を除く。)の規定は担保不動産競売について、同款第三目の規定は担保不動産収益執行について準用する。
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Article 188The provisions of Article 44 shall apply mutatis mutandis to exercise of a real property security interest, the provisions of Section 2, Subsection 1, Division 2 of the preceding Chapter (excluding Article 81) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a secured real property auction, and the provisions of Division 3 of said Subsection shall apply mutatis mutandis to execution against earnings from secured real property.
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(船舶の競売)
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(Auction of a Vessel)
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第百八十九条前章第二節第二款及び第百八十一条から第百八十四条までの規定は、船舶を目的とする担保権の実行としての競売について準用する。この場合において、第百十五条第三項中「執行力のある債務名義の正本」とあるのは「第百八十九条において準用する第百八十一条第一項から第三項までに規定する文書」と、第百八十一条第一項第四号中「一般の先取特権」とあるのは「一般の先取特権又は商法第八百四十二条に定める先取特権」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 189The provisions of Section 2, Subsection 2 of the preceding Chapter and Articles 181 to 184 shall apply mutatis mutandis to an auction for exercise of a security interest in a vessel.In this case, the phrase "an enforceable authenticated copy of a title of obligation" in Article 115 (3) shall be deemed to be replaced with "any of the documents prescribed in Article 181 (1) to (3) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 189," and the term "a general statutory lien" in Article 181 (1)(iv) shall be deemed to be replaced with "a general statutory lien or the lien specified in Article 842 of the Commercial Code."
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(動産競売の要件)
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(Requirements for an Auction of Movables)
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第百九十条動産を目的とする担保権の実行としての競売(以下「動産競売」という。)は、次に掲げる場合に限り、開始する。
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Article 190(1)An auction for exercise of a security interest in movables (hereinafter referred to as an "auction of movables") shall be commenced only in any of the following cases:
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一債権者が執行官に対し当該動産を提出した場合
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(i)Cases where the obligee has submitted said movables to a court execution officer
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二債権者が執行官に対し当該動産の占有者が差押えを承諾することを証する文書を提出した場合
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(ii)Cases where the obligee has submitted to a court execution officer a document proving that the possessor of said movables has consented to a seizure
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三債権者が執行官に対し次項の許可の決定書の謄本を提出し、かつ、第百九十二条において準用する第百二十三条第二項の規定による捜索に先立つて又はこれと同時に当該許可の決定が債務者に送達された場合
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(iii)Cases where the obligee has submitted a transcript of a written order of the permission set forth in the following paragraph to a court execution officer, and the order of said permission has be served upon the obligor prior to or simultaneously with a search under the provisions of Article 123 (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 192
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(2)An execution court may, upon petition by an obligee who has submitted a document proving the existence of a security interest, permit commencement of an auction of movables with regard to said security interest; provided, however, that this shall not apply to cases where said movables does not exist at the place or in the container prescribed in Article 123 (2).
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(動産の差押えに対する執行異議)
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(Objection to a Disposition of Execution Filed against a Seizure of Movables)
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第百九十一条動産競売に係る差押えに対する執行異議の申立てにおいては、債務者又は動産の所有者は、担保権の不存在若しくは消滅又は担保権によつて担保される債権の一部の消滅を理由とすることができる。
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Article 191The obligor or the owner of movables may assert absence or extinguishment of the security interest or extinguishment of part of the claim secured by the security interest as the basis for filing an objection to a disposition of execution against a seizure pertaining to an auction of movables.
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(動産執行の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions on Execution against Movables)
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第百九十二条前章第二節第三款(第百二十三条第二項、第百二十八条、第百三十一条及び第百三十二条を除く。)及び第百八十三条の規定は動産競売について、第百二十八条、第百三十一条及び第百三十二条の規定は一般の先取特権の実行としての動産競売について、第百二十三条第二項の規定は第百九十条第一項第三号に掲げる場合における動産競売について準用する。
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Article 192The provisions of Section 2, Subsection 3 of the preceding Chapter (excluding Article 123 (2), Article 128, Article 131 and Article 132) and Article 183 shall apply mutatis mutandis to an auction of movables, the provisions of Article 128, Article 131 and Article 132 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the auction of movables for exercise of a general statutory lien, and the provisions of Article 123 (2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to an auction of movables in the case set forth in Article 190 (1)(iii).
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(債権及びその他の財産権についての担保権の実行の要件等)
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(Requirements for Exercise of a Security Interest in a Claim or any Other Property Right, etc.)
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第百九十三条第百四十三条に規定する債権及び第百六十七条第一項に規定する財産権(以下この項において「その他の財産権」という。)を目的とする担保権の実行は、担保権の存在を証する文書(権利の移転について登記等を要するその他の財産権を目的とする担保権で一般の先取特権以外のものについては、第百八十一条第一項第一号から第三号まで、第二項又は第三項に規定する文書)が提出されたときに限り、開始する。担保権を有する者が目的物の売却、賃貸、滅失若しくは損傷又は目的物に対する物権の設定若しくは土地収用法(昭和二十六年法律第二百十九号)による収用その他の行政処分により債務者が受けるべき金銭その他の物に対して民法その他の法律の規定によつてするその権利の行使についても、同様とする。
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Article 193(1)Exercise of a security interest in the claim prescribed in Article 143 or the property right prescribed in Article 167 (1) (hereinafter referred to as "any other property right" in this paragraph) shall be commenced only when a document proving the existence of the security interest (or, for a security interest in any other property right for which registration is required in the case of transfer of the right and which is not a general statutory lien, any of the documents prescribed in Article 181 (1)(i) to (iii) or Article 181 (2) or (3)) has been submitted. The same shall apply to extended exercise of a security interest by a person having a security interest, conducted pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Code or any other Act against money or any other property to be received by the obligor as a result of a sale, lease or loss of or damage to the subject matter, establishment of a real right on the subject matter, or expropriation under the Land Expropriation Act (Act No. 219 of 1951) or any other administrative disposition.
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(2)The provisions of Section 2, Subsection 4, Division 1 of the preceding Chapter (excluding Article 146 (2), Article 152 and Article 153) and Articles 182 to 184 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the exercise or extended exercise of a security interest prescribed in the preceding paragraph, and the provisions of Article 146 (2), Article 152 and Article 153 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the exercise or extended exercise of a general statutory lien prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
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(担保権の実行についての強制執行の総則規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the General Provisions on Compulsory Execution to Exercise of a Security Interest)
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第百九十四条第三十八条、第四十一条及び第四十二条の規定は、担保権の実行としての競売、担保不動産収益執行並びに前条第一項に規定する担保権の実行及び行使について準用する。
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Article 194The provisions of Article 38, Article 41 and Article 42 shall apply mutatis mutandis to an auction for exercise of a security interest, execution against earnings from secured real property and the exercise and extended exercise of a security interest prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
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(Auction Based on a Right of Retention and Auction for a Realization under the Provisions of the Civil Code, the Commercial Code or any Other Act)
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Article 195An auction based on a right of retention and an auction for a realization under the provisions of the Civil Code, the Commercial Code or any Other Act shall be governed by the rules of an auction for exercise of a security interest.
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第四章 財産開示手続
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Chapter IV Property Disclosure Procedure
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(管轄)
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(Jurisdiction)
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第百九十六条この章の規定による債務者の財産の開示に関する手続(以下「財産開示手続」という。)については、債務者の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が、執行裁判所として管轄する。
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Article 196The district court having jurisdiction over the location of the general venue of the obligor shall have jurisdiction over the procedure concerning disclosure of property of an obligor under the provisions of this Chapter (hereinafter referred to as the "property disclosure procedure") as the execution court.
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(実施決定)
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(Order of Implementation)
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第百九十七条執行裁判所は、次のいずれかに該当するときは、執行力のある債務名義の正本(債務名義が第二十二条第二号、第三号の二、第四号若しくは第五号に掲げるもの又は確定判決と同一の効力を有する支払督促であるものを除く。)を有する金銭債権の債権者の申立てにより、債務者について、財産開示手続を実施する旨の決定をしなければならない。ただし、当該執行力のある債務名義の正本に基づく強制執行を開始することができないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 197(1)An execution court shall, when either of the following items applies, order implementation of a property disclosure procedure against an obligor, upon petition by an obligee of a monetary claim who has an enforceable authenticated copy of a title of obligation (excluding that of which the title of obligation is the one set forth in Article 22 (ii), (iii)-2, (iv) or (v) or a demand for payment that has the same effect as a final and binding judgment); provided, however, that this shall not apply when it is not possible to commence compulsory execution based on said enforceable authenticated copy of a title of obligation:
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一強制執行又は担保権の実行における配当等の手続(申立ての日より六月以上前に終了したものを除く。)において、申立人が当該金銭債権の完全な弁済を得ることができなかつたとき。
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(i)When the petitioner was unable to obtain full performance of said monetary claim in the procedure of liquidating distribution, etc. (excluding a procedure that was terminated by at least six months prior to the day of filing the petition) in compulsory execution or exercise of a security interest
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二知れている財産に対する強制執行を実施しても、申立人が当該金銭債権の完全な弁済を得られないことの疎明があつたとき。
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(ii)When a prima facie showing was made that the petitioner is unable to obtain full performance of said monetary claim even by implementing compulsory execution against known property
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一強制執行又は担保権の実行における配当等の手続(申立ての日より六月以上前に終了したものを除く。)において、申立人が当該先取特権の被担保債権の完全な弁済を得ることができなかつたとき。
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(i)When the petitioner was unable to obtain full performance of the secured claim pertaining to said statutory lien in the procedure of liquidating distribution, etc. (excluding a procedure that was terminated by at least six months prior to the day of filing the petition) in compulsory execution or exercise of a security interest
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二知れている財産に対する担保権の実行を実施しても、申立人が前号の被担保債権の完全な弁済を得られないことの疎明があつたとき。
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(ii)When a prima facie showing was made that the petitioner is unable to obtain full performance of the secured claim set forth in the preceding item even by implementing exercise of a security interest against known property
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(3)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, when the obligor (or, if the obligor has a statutory agent, said statutory agent, and if the obligor is a juridical person, its representative person; the same shall apply in item (i)) has made a statement on his/her property on the property disclosure date (the date on which property is to be disclosed; the same shall apply hereinafter) within three years prior to the day of filing the petition set forth in the preceding two paragraphs, an order to implement a property disclosure procedure may not be issued; provided, however, that this shall not apply in cases where any of the following grounds exist:
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一債務者が当該財産開示期日において一部の財産を開示しなかつたとき。
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(i)If the obligor failed to disclose part of his/her property on said property disclosure date
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二債務者が当該財産開示期日の後に新たに財産を取得したとき。
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(ii)If the obligor acquired new property after said property disclosure date
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三当該財産開示期日の後に債務者と使用者との雇用関係が終了したとき。
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(iii)If the employment relationship between the obligor and his/her employer was terminated after said property disclosure date
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(期日指定及び期日の呼出し)
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(Designation of the Date and Summons for the Date)
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第百九十八条執行裁判所は、前条第一項又は第二項の決定が確定したときは、財産開示期日を指定しなければならない。
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Article 198(1)An execution court shall designate the property disclosure date when the order set forth in paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the preceding Article has become final and conclusive.
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一申立人
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(i)The petitioner
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二債務者(債務者に法定代理人がある場合にあつては当該法定代理人、債務者が法人である場合にあつてはその代表者)
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(ii)The obligor (or, if the obligor has a statutory agent, said statutory agent, and if the obligor is a juridical person, its representative person
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(財産開示期日)
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(Property Disclosure Date)
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第百九十九条開示義務者(前条第二項第二号に掲げる者をいう。以下同じ。)は、財産開示期日に出頭し、債務者の財産(第百三十一条第一号又は第二号に掲げる動産を除く。)について陳述しなければならない。
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Article 199(1)A person obliged to disclose (meaning the person set forth in paragraph (2)(ii) of the preceding Article; the same shall apply hereinafter) shall appear on the property disclosure date and make a statement on the property (excluding the movables set forth in Article 131 (i) or (ii)) of the obligor.
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(2)The statement set forth in the preceding paragraph shall clearly indicate the matters necessary for filing a petition for compulsory execution under the provisions of Chapter II, Section 2 or exercise of a security interest under the provisions of the preceding Chapter and other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as those required to be disclosed to the petitioner, with regard to the property subject to the statement.
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(7)The provisions of Article 195 and Article 206 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of the preceding paragraphs, and the provisions of Article 201 (1) and (2) of said Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a person obliged to disclose.
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(陳述義務の一部の免除)
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(Partial Exemption from the Obligation of Statement)
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第二百条財産開示期日において債務者の財産の一部を開示した開示義務者は、申立人の同意がある場合又は当該開示によつて第百九十七条第一項の金銭債権若しくは同条第二項各号の被担保債権の完全な弁済に支障がなくなつたことが明らかである場合において、執行裁判所の許可を受けたときは、前条第一項の規定にかかわらず、その余の財産について陳述することを要しない。
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Article 200(1)Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, a person obliged to disclose who has disclosed part of the property of the obligor on the property disclosure date shall not be required to make a statement on the remaining property, if the permission of the execution court has been obtained, in cases where the consent of the petitioner has been obtained or in cases where it is obvious that the hindrance to full performance of the monetary claim set forth in Article 197 (1) or the secured claim set forth in the items of paragraph (2) of said Article has been eliminated through said disclosure.
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(財産開示事件の記録の閲覧等の制限)
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(Restriction on Inspection, etc. of the Record of a Property Disclosure Case)
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第二百一条財産開示事件の記録中財産開示期日に関する部分についての第十七条の規定による請求は、次に掲げる者に限り、することができる。
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Article 201Only the following persons may make a request under the provisions of Article 17 for the portion of the record of a property disclosure case that relates to the property disclosure date:
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一申立人
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(i)The petitioner
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二債務者に対する金銭債権について執行力のある債務名義の正本(債務名義が第二十二条第二号、第三号の二、第四号若しくは第五号に掲げるもの又は確定判決と同一の効力を有する支払督促であるものを除く。)を有する債権者
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(ii)An obligee who has an enforceable authenticated copy of a title of obligation (excluding that of which the title of obligation is the one set forth in Article 22 (ii), (iii)-2, (iv) or (v) or a demand for payment that has the same effect as a final and binding judgment) for a monetary claim against the obligor
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三債務者の財産について一般の先取特権を有することを証する文書を提出した債権者
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(iii)An obligee who has submitted a document proving that he/she has a general statutory lien in the property of the obligor
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四債務者又は開示義務者
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(iv)The obligor or the person obliged to disclose
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(財産開示事件に関する情報の目的外利用の制限)
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(Restriction on Use of Information on a Property Disclosure Case for an Unintended Purpose)
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第二百二条申立人は、財産開示手続において得られた債務者の財産又は債務に関する情報を、当該債務者に対する債権をその本旨に従つて行使する目的以外の目的のために利用し、又は提供してはならない。
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Article 202(1)A petitioner shall not use or provide information on the property or obligation of the obligor, which has been obtained in a property disclosure procedure, for a purpose other than for exercising the claim against said obligor according to its main objective.
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(2)The person set forth in item (ii) or item (iii) of the preceding Article, who has obtained information on the portion of the record of a property disclosure case that relates to the property disclosure date, shall not use or provide said information for a purpose other than for exercising the claim against the obligor of said property disclosure case according to its main objective.
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(強制執行及び担保権の実行の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions on Compulsory Execution and Exercise of a Security Interest)
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第二百三条第三十九条及び第四十条の規定は執行力のある債務名義の正本に基づく財産開示手続について、第四十二条(第二項を除く。)の規定は財産開示手続について、第百八十二条及び第百八十三条の規定は一般の先取特権に基づく財産開示手続について準用する。
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Article 203The provisions of Article 39 and Article 40 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a property disclosure procedure based on an enforceable authenticated copy of a title of obligation, the provisions of Article 42 (excluding paragraph (2)) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a property disclosure procedure, and the provisions of Article 182 and Article 183 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a property disclosure procedure based on a general statutory lien.
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第五章 罰則
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Chapter V Penal Provisions
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(公示書等損壊罪)
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(Crime of Damaging a Written Public Notice, etc.)
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第二百四条次の各号のいずれかに該当する者は、一年以下の懲役又は百万円以下の罰金に処する。
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Article 204A person who falls under either of the following items shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than one year or a fine of not more than one million yen:
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一第五十五条第一項(第一号に係る部分に限る。)、第六十八条の二第一項若しくは第七十七条第一項(第一号に係る部分に限る。)(これらの規定を第百二十一条(第百八十九条(第百九十五条の規定によりその例によることとされる場合を含む。)において準用する場合を含む。)及び第百八十八条(第百九十五条の規定によりその例によることとされる場合を含む。)において準用する場合を含む。)又は第百八十七条第一項(第百九十五条の規定によりその例によることとされる場合を含む。)の規定による命令に基づき執行官が公示するために施した公示書その他の標識(刑法第九十六条に規定する封印及び差押えの表示を除く。)を損壊した者
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(i)A person who has damaged a written public notice or any other sign (excluding the seal or the mark of seizure prescribed in Article 96 of the Penal Code) posted by a court execution officer for the purpose of giving public notice based on an order under the provisions of Article 55 (1) (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)), Article 68-2 (1) or Article 77 (1) (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)) (including the cases where these provisions are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 121 [including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 189 (including the cases that are to be governed by such rules pursuant to the provisions of Article 195)] and Article 188 [including the cases that are to be governed by such rules pursuant to the provisions of Article 195]) or Article 187 (1) (including the cases that are to be governed by such rules pursuant to the provisions of Article 195)
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二第百六十八条の二第三項又は第四項の規定により執行官が公示するために施した公示書その他の標識を損壊した者
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(ii)A person who has damaged a written public notice or any other sign posted by a court execution officer for the purpose of giving public notice pursuant to the provisions of Article 168-2 (3) or (4)
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(陳述等拒絶の罪)
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(Crime of Refusing to Make a Statement, etc.)
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第二百五条次の各号のいずれかに該当する者は、六月以下の懲役又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する。
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Article 205(1)A person who falls under either of the following items shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than six months or a fine of not more than five hundred thousand yen:
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一売却基準価額の決定に関し、執行裁判所の呼出しを受けた審尋の期日において、正当な理由なく、出頭せず、若しくは陳述を拒み、又は虚偽の陳述をした者
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(i)A person who has failed to appear or refused to make a statement or has made a false statement, without justifiable grounds, on the date of interrogation on which he/she was summoned by the execution court with regard to an order on the standard sales price
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二第五十七条第二項(第百二十一条(第百八十九条(第百九十五条の規定によりその例によることとされる場合を含む。)において準用する場合を含む。)及び第百八十八条(第百九十五条の規定によりその例によることとされる場合を含む。)において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による執行官の質問又は文書の提出の要求に対し、正当な理由なく、陳述をせず、若しくは文書の提示を拒み、又は虚偽の陳述をし、若しくは虚偽の記載をした文書を提示した者
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(ii)A person who has failed to make a statement or refused to present a document or has made a false statement or presented a document containing a false statement, without justifiable grounds, in response to a question asked by or a request for submission of a document made by a court execution officer under the provisions of Article 57 (2) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 121 [including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 189 (including the cases that are to be governed by such rules pursuant to the provisions of Article 195)] and Article 188 [including the cases that are to be governed by such rules pursuant to the provisions of Article 195])
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三第百六十八条第二項の規定による執行官の質問又は文書の提出の要求に対し、正当な理由なく、陳述をせず、若しくは文書の提示を拒み、又は虚偽の陳述をし、若しくは虚偽の記載をした文書を提示した債務者又は同項に規定する不動産等を占有する第三者
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(iii)An obligor or a third party possessing the real property, etc. prescribed in Article 168 (2) who has failed to make a statement or refused to present a document or has made a false statement or presented a document containing a false statement, without justifiable grounds, in response to a question asked by or a request for submission of a document made by a court execution officer under the provisions of said paragraph
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(2)A possessor of real property (excluding any fixtures on land that are not registrable; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) whose title to possession may not be duly asserted against the obligee effecting a seizure, the obligee effecting a provisional seizure or the person whose right shall be extinguished pursuant to the provisions of Article 59 (1) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188 [including the cases that are to be governed by such rules pursuant to the provisions of Article 195]) has, without justifiable grounds, refused or obstructed entry to real property under the provisions of Article 64-2 (5) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188 [including the cases that are to be governed by such rules pursuant to the provisions of Article 195]), he/she shall be punished by a fine of not more than three hundred thousand yen.
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(過料に処すべき場合)
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(Cases Subject to Punishment by a Non-Penal Fine)
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第二百六条次の各号に掲げる場合には、三十万円以下の過料に処する。
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Article 206(1)The cases listed in the following items shall be subject to punishment by a non-penal fine of not more than three hundred thousand yen:
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一開示義務者が、正当な理由なく、執行裁判所の呼出しを受けた財産開示期日に出頭せず、又は当該財産開示期日において宣誓を拒んだとき。
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(i)When a person obliged to disclose has, without justifiable grounds, failed to appear on the property disclosure date on which he/she was summoned by the execution court or refused to swear under oath on said property disclosure date
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二財産開示期日において宣誓した開示義務者が、正当な理由なく第百九十九条第一項から第四項までの規定により陳述すべき事項について陳述をせず、又は虚偽の陳述をしたとき。
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(ii)When a person obliged to disclose who has sworn under oath on the property disclosure date has, without justifiable grounds, failed to make a statement or made a false statement with regard to the matters to be stated pursuant to the provisions of Article 199 (1) to (4)
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(管轄等)
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(Jurisdiction, etc.)
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第二百七条前条に規定する過料の事件は、執行裁判所の管轄とする。
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Article 207A case on the non-penal fine prescribed in the preceding Article shall be under the jurisdiction of the execution court.
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