民事訴訟法(平成八年法律第百九号)
Code of Civil Procedure(Act No. 109 of 1996)
最終更新:平成十八年法律第百九号
Last Version: Act No. 109 of 2006
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▶Main Provision
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▶Part I General Provisions
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▶Part II Court Proceedings in First Instance
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August 17, 2023
- Last Version: Act No. 48 of 2022
- Translated Date: July 4, 2023
- Dictionary Version: 16.0
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March 27, 2017
- Last Version: Act No. 36 of 2011
- Translated Date: March 22, 2012
- Dictionary Version: 6.0
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March 21, 2013
- Last Version: Act No. 109 of 2006
- Translated Date: April 1, 2009
- Dictionary Version: 3.0
民事訴訟法
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Code of Civil Procedure
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平成八年六月二十六日法律第百九号
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Act No. 109 of June 26, 1996
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第一編 総則
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Part I General Provisions
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第一章 通則(第一条―第三条)
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Chapter I General Rules(Article 1 to Article 3)
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第二章 裁判所
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Chapter II Court
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第一節 管轄(第四条―第二十二条)
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Section 1 Jurisdiction(Article 4 to Article 22)
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第二節 裁判所職員の除斥及び忌避(第二十三条―第二十七条)
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Section 2 Disqualification of and Challenge to Court Officials(Article 23 to Article 27)
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第三章 当事者
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Chapter III Parties
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第一節 当事者能力及び訴訟能力(第二十八条―第三十七条)
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Section 1 Capacity to Be Party and Capacity to Sue or Be Sued(Article 28 to Article 37)
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第二節 共同訴訟(第三十八条―第四十一条)
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Section 2 Joint Suit(Article 38 to Article 41)
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第三節 訴訟参加(第四十二条―第五十三条)
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Section 3 Intervention(Article 42 to Article 53)
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第四節 訴訟代理人及び補佐人(第五十四条―第六十条)
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Section 4 Counsel and Assistant in Court(Article 54 to Article 60)
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第四章 訴訟費用
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Chapter IV Court Costs
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第一節 訴訟費用の負担(第六十一条―第七十四条)
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Section 1 Burden of Court Costs(Article 61 to Article 74)
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第二節 訴訟費用の担保(第七十五条―第八十一条)
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Section 2 Security for Court Costs(Article 75 to Article 81)
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第三節 訴訟上の救助(第八十二条―第八十六条)
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Section 3 Judicial Aid(Article 82 to Article 86)
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第五章 訴訟手続
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Chapter V Court Proceedings
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第一節 訴訟の審理等(第八十七条―第九十二条)
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Section 1 Proceedings of Suit, etc.(Article 87 to Article 92)
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第二節 専門委員等
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Section 2 Technical Adviser, etc.
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第一款 専門委員(第九十二条の二―第九十二条の七)
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Subsection 1 Technical Adviser(Article 92-2 to Article 92-7)
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第二款 知的財産に関する事件における裁判所調査官の事務等(第九十二条の八・第九十二条の九)
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Subsection 2 Affairs of Judicial Research Official in Cases Relating to Intellectual Property(Article 92-8 and Article 92-9)
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第三節 期日及び期間(第九十三条―第九十七条)
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Section 3 Date and Period(Article 93 to Article 97)
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第四節 送達(第九十八条―第百十三条)
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Section 4 Service(Article 98 to Article 113)
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第五節 裁判(第百十四条―第百二十三条)
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Section 5 Judicial Decision(Article 114 to Article 123)
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第六節 訴訟手続の中断及び中止(第百二十四条―第百三十二条)
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Section 6 Discontinuation of Action and Suspension of Court Proceedings(Article 124 to Article 132)
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第六章 訴えの提起前における証拠収集の処分等(第百三十二条の二―第百三十二条の九)
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Chapter VI Disposition of Collection of Evidence prior to Filing of Action, etc.(Article 132-2 to Article 132-9)
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第七章 電子情報処理組織による申立て等(第百三十二条の十)
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Chapter VII Petition, etc. by Means of Electronic Data Processing System(Article 132-10)
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第二編 第一審の訴訟手続
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Part II Court Proceedings in First Instance
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第一章 訴え(第百三十三条―第百四十七条)
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Chapter I Action(Article 133 to Article 147)
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第二章 計画審理(第百四十七条の二・第百四十七条の三)
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Chapter II Well-Organized Proceedings(Article 147-2 and Article 147-3)
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第三章 口頭弁論及びその準備
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Chapter III Oral Argument and Preparation Thereof
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第一節 口頭弁論(第百四十八条―第百六十条)
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Section 1 Oral Argument(Article 148 to Article 160)
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第二節 準備書面等(第百六十一条―第百六十三条)
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Section 2 Brief, etc.(Article 161 to Article 163)
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第三節 争点及び証拠の整理手続
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Section 3 Proceedings to Arrange Issues and Evidence
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第一款 準備的口頭弁論(第百六十四条―第百六十七条)
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Subsection 1 Preliminary Oral Arguments(Article 164 to Article 167)
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第二款 弁論準備手続(第百六十八条―第百七十四条)
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Subsection 2 Preparatory Proceedings(Article 168 to Article 174)
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第三款 書面による準備手続(第百七十五条―第百七十八条)
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Subsection 3 Preparatory Proceedings by Means of Documents(Article 175 to Article 178)
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第四章 証拠
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Chapter IV Evidence
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第一節 総則(第百七十九条―第百八十九条)
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Section 1 General Provisions(Article 179 to Article 189)
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第二節 証人尋問(第百九十条―第二百六条)
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Section 2 Examination of Witness(Article 190 to Article 206)
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第三節 当事者尋問(第二百七条―第二百十一条)
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Section 3 Examination of Parties(Article 207 to Article 211)
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第四節 鑑定(第二百十二条―第二百十八条)
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Section 4 Expert Testimony(Article 212 to Article 218)
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第五節 書証(第二百十九条―第二百三十一条)
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Section 5 Examination of Documentary Evidence(Article 219 to Article 231)
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第六節 検証(第二百三十二条・第二百三十三条)
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Section 6 Observation(Article 232 and Article 233)
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第七節 証拠保全(第二百三十四条―第二百四十二条)
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Section 7 Preservation of Evidence(Article 234 to Article 242)
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第五章 判決(第二百四十三条―第二百六十条)
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Chapter V Judgment(Article 243 to Article 260)
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第六章 裁判によらない訴訟の完結(第二百六十一条―第二百六十七条)
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Chapter VI Conclusion of Suit Not by Judicial Decision(Article 261 to Article 267)
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第七章 大規模訴訟等に関する特則(第二百六十八条―第二百六十九条の二)
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Chapter VII Special Provisions Concerning Large-Scale Suit, etc.(Article 268 to Article 269-2)
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第八章 簡易裁判所の訴訟手続に関する特則(第二百七十条―第二百八十条)
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Chapter VIII Special Provisions Concerning Court Proceedings in Summary Court(Article 270 to Article 280)
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第三編 上訴
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Part III Appeal
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第一章 控訴(第二百八十一条―第三百十条の二)
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Chapter I Appeal to Court of Second Instance(Article 281 to Article 310-2)
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第二章 上告(第三百十一条―第三百二十七条)
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Chapter II Final Appeal(Article 311 to Article 327)
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第三章 抗告(第三百二十八条―第三百三十七条)
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Chapter III Appeal against Ruling(Article 328 to Article 337)
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第四編 再審(第三百三十八条―第三百四十九条)
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Part IV Retrial(Article 338 to Article 349)
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第五編 手形訴訟及び小切手訴訟に関する特則(第三百五十条―第三百六十七条)
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Part V Special Provisions on Actions on Bills and Notes and Actions on Checks(Article 350 to Article 367)
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第六編 少額訴訟に関する特則(第三百六十八条―第三百八十一条)
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Part VI Special Provisions Concerning Actions on Small Claims(Article 368 to Article 381)
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第七編 督促手続
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Part VII Demand Procedure
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第一章 総則(第三百八十二条―第三百九十六条)
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Chapter I General Provisions(Article 382 to Article 396)
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第二章 電子情報処理組織による督促手続の特則(第三百九十七条―第四百二条)
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Chapter II Special Provisions for Demand Procedure by Means of Electronic Data Processing System(Article 397 to Article 402)
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第八編 執行停止(第四百三条―第四百五条)
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Part VIII Stay of Execution(Article 403 to Article 405)
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附則
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Supplementary Provisions
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第一編 総則
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Part I General Provisions
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第一章 通則
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Chapter I General Rules
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(趣旨)
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(Purpose)
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第一条民事訴訟に関する手続については、他の法令に定めるもののほか、この法律の定めるところによる。
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Article 1Procedures for civil suits shall be governed by the provisions of this Code, in addition to the provisions of other laws and regulations.
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(裁判所及び当事者の責務)
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(Responsibilities of Courts and Parties)
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第二条裁判所は、民事訴訟が公正かつ迅速に行われるように努め、当事者は、信義に従い誠実に民事訴訟を追行しなければならない。
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Article 2Courts shall endeavor to ensure that civil suits are carried out fairly and expeditiously, and parties shall conduct civil suits in good faith.
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(最高裁判所規則)
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(Rules of the Supreme Court)
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第三条この法律に定めるもののほか、民事訴訟に関する手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
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Article 3In addition to what is provided for in this Code, the necessary matters concerning procedures for civil suits shall be prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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第二章 裁判所
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Chapter II Court
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第一節 管轄
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Section 1 Jurisdiction
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(普通裁判籍による管轄)
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(Jurisdiction by General Venue)
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第四条訴えは、被告の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する裁判所の管轄に属する。
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Article 4(1)An action shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the court that has jurisdiction over the location of the general venue of the defendant.
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(3)If an ambassador, minister or any other Japanese national in a foreign state who enjoys immunity from the jurisdiction of that state has no general venue pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, his/her general venue shall be deemed to be located in the place specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(5)The general venue of a foreign association or foundation, notwithstanding the provision of the preceding paragraph, shall be determined by its principal office or business office in Japan, or by the domicile of its representative or any other principal person in charge of its business assigned in Japan if it has no business office or other office in Japan.
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(財産権上の訴え等についての管轄)
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(Jurisdiction over Action on Property Right, etc.)
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第五条次の各号に掲げる訴えは、それぞれ当該各号に定める地を管轄する裁判所に提起することができる。
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Article 5Actions listed in the following items may be filed with the court that has jurisdiction over the place specified in the respective items:
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一財産権上の訴え義務履行地
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(i)An action on a property right:The place of performance of the obligation
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二手形又は小切手による金銭の支払の請求を目的とする訴え手形又は小切手の支払地
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(ii)An action to claim payment of money for a bill or note or a check:The place of payment of the bill or note or the check
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三船員に対する財産権上の訴え船舶の船籍の所在地
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(iii)An action on a property right against a mariner:The location of the registry of the ship
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四日本国内に住所(法人にあっては、事務所又は営業所。以下この号において同じ。)がない者又は住所が知れない者に対する財産権上の訴え請求若しくはその担保の目的又は差し押さえることができる被告の財産の所在地
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(iv)An action on a property right against a person who has no domicile (in the case of a juridical person, business office or other office; hereinafter the same shall apply in this item) in Japan or whose domicile is unknown:The location of the subject matter of the claim or security thereof or of any seizable property of the defendant
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五事務所又は営業所を有する者に対する訴えでその事務所又は営業所における業務に関するもの当該事務所又は営業所の所在地
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(v)An action against a person who has a business office or other office, which relates to the business conducted at such business office or other office:The location of the business office or other office in question
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六船舶所有者その他船舶を利用する者に対する船舶又は航海に関する訴え船舶の船籍の所在地
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(vi)An action relating to a ship or voyage, which is against the shipowner or any other person who uses the ship:The location of the registry of the ship
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七船舶債権その他船舶を担保とする債権に基づく訴え船舶の所在地
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(vii)An action based on a ship claim or any other claim secured by a ship:The location of the ship
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八会社その他の社団又は財団に関する訴えで次に掲げるもの社団又は財団の普通裁判籍の所在地
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(viii)The following actions relating to a company or any other association or foundation:The location of the general venue of the association or foundation:
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イ会社その他の社団からの社員若しくは社員であった者に対する訴え、社員からの社員若しくは社員であった者に対する訴え又は社員であった者からの社員に対する訴えで、社員としての資格に基づくもの
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(a)An action brought by a company or any other association against its member or a person who was its member, an action brought by a member against another member or a person who was a member or an action brought by a person who was a member against a member, which is based on his/her status as a member
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ロ社団又は財団からの役員又は役員であった者に対する訴えで役員としての資格に基づくもの
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(b)An action brought by an association or foundation against its officer or a person who was its officer, which is based on the status as an officer
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ハ会社からの発起人若しくは発起人であった者又は検査役若しくは検査役であった者に対する訴えで発起人又は検査役としての資格に基づくもの
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(c)An action brought by a company against its incorporator or a person who was its incorporator or against its inspector or a person who was its inspector, which is based on the status as an incorporator or inspector
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ニ会社その他の社団の債権者からの社員又は社員であった者に対する訴えで社員としての資格に基づくもの
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(d)An action brought by a creditor of a company or any other association against its member or a person who was its member, which is based on his/her status as a member
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九不法行為に関する訴え不法行為があった地
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(ix)An action relating to a tort:The place where the tort was committed
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十船舶の衝突その他海上の事故に基づく損害賠償の訴え損害を受けた船舶が最初に到達した地
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(x)An action for damages due to ship collision or any other accident at sea:The first place where the damaged ship docked
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十一海難救助に関する訴え海難救助があった地又は救助された船舶が最初に到達した地
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(xi)An action relating to salvage:The place where the salvage was performed or first place where the salvaged ship docked
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十二不動産に関する訴え不動産の所在地
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(xii)An action relating to real property:The location of the real property
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十三登記又は登録に関する訴え登記又は登録をすべき地
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(xiii)An action relating to a registration:The place where the registration should be made
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十四相続権若しくは遺留分に関する訴え又は遺贈その他死亡によって効力を生ずべき行為に関する訴え相続開始の時における被相続人の普通裁判籍の所在地
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(xiv)An action relating to a right of inheritance or statutory reserved share or an action relating to a testamentary gift or any other act that shall become effective upon death:The location of the general venue of the decedent at the time of commencement of inheritance
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十五相続債権その他相続財産の負担に関する訴えで前号に掲げる訴えに該当しないもの(相続財産の全部又は一部が同号に定める地を管轄する裁判所の管轄区域内にあるときに限る。)同号に定める地
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(xv)An action relating to a claim on the decedent or other burden on inherited property, which does not fall under the category of action set forth in the preceding item (limited to cases where the whole or part of the inherited property is located within the jurisdictional district of the court that has jurisdiction over the place specified in said item):The place specified in said item
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(特許権等に関する訴え等の管轄)
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(Jurisdiction over Action, etc. Relating to Patent Right, etc.)
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第六条特許権、実用新案権、回路配置利用権又はプログラムの著作物についての著作者の権利に関する訴え(以下「特許権等に関する訴え」という。)について、前二条の規定によれば次の各号に掲げる裁判所が管轄権を有すべき場合には、その訴えは、それぞれ当該各号に定める裁判所の管轄に専属する。
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Article 6(1)With regard to an action relating to a patent right, utility model right, right of layout-designs of integrated circuits or an author's right over a computer program (hereinafter referred to as an "action relating to a patent right, etc."), if any of the courts listed in the following items shall have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two Articles, such action shall be subject exclusively to the jurisdiction of the court specified in the respective items:
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一東京高等裁判所、名古屋高等裁判所、仙台高等裁判所又は札幌高等裁判所の管轄区域内に所在する地方裁判所東京地方裁判所
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(i)A district court located within the jurisdictional district of the Tokyo High Court, the Nagoya High Court, the Sendai High Court or the Sapporo High Court:The Tokyo District Court
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二大阪高等裁判所、広島高等裁判所、福岡高等裁判所又は高松高等裁判所の管轄区域内に所在する地方裁判所大阪地方裁判所
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(ii)A district court located within the jurisdictional district of the Osaka High Court, the Hiroshima High Court, the Fukuoka High Court or the Takamatsu High Court:The Osaka District Court
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(2)With regard to an action relating to a patent right, etc. , if a summary court located within the jurisdictional district of any of the courts listed in the items of the preceding paragraph shall have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two Articles, such action may also be filed with the court specified in the respective items.
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(3)An appeal to the court of second instance against the final judgment on an action relating to a patent right, etc. that is made by the court specified in paragraph (1)(ii) as the court of first instance shall be subject exclusively to the jurisdiction of the Tokyo High Court; provided, however, that this shall not apply to an appeal to the court of second instance against the final judgment on an action pertaining to a suit transferred pursuant to the provision of Article 20-2(1).
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(意匠権等に関する訴えの管轄)
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(Jurisdiction over Action Relating to Design Right, etc.)
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第六条の二意匠権、商標権、著作者の権利(プログラムの著作物についての著作者の権利を除く。)、出版権、著作隣接権若しくは育成者権に関する訴え又は不正競争(不正競争防止法(平成五年法律第四十七号)第二条第一項に規定する不正競争をいう。)による営業上の利益の侵害に係る訴えについて、第四条又は第五条の規定により次の各号に掲げる裁判所が管轄権を有する場合には、それぞれ当該各号に定める裁判所にも、その訴えを提起することができる。
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Article 6-2With regard to an action relating to a design right, trademark right, author's right (excluding an author's right over a computer program), right of publication, neighboring right or breeder's right or an action pertaining to the infringement of business interests by unfair competition (meaning unfair competition prescribed in Article 2(1) of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act (Act No. 47 of 1993)), if any of the courts listed in the following items shall have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of Article 4 or Article 5, such action may also be filed with the court specified in the respective items:
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一前条第一項第一号に掲げる裁判所(東京地方裁判所を除く。)東京地方裁判所
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(i)The court set forth in paragraph (1)(i) of the preceding Article (excluding the Tokyo District Court):The Tokyo District Court
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二前条第一項第二号に掲げる裁判所(大阪地方裁判所を除く。)大阪地方裁判所
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(ii)The court set forth in paragraph (1)(ii) of the preceding Article (excluding the Osaka District Court):The Osaka District Court
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(併合請求における管轄)
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(Jurisdiction over Joint Claim)
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第七条一の訴えで数個の請求をする場合には、第四条から前条まで(第六条第三項を除く。)の規定により一の請求について管轄権を有する裁判所にその訴えを提起することができる。ただし、数人からの又は数人に対する訴えについては、第三十八条前段に定める場合に限る。
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Article 7Where two or more claims are to be made by a single action, such action may be filed with the court which shall have jurisdiction over one of those claims pursuant to the provisions of Article 4 to the preceding Article (excluding Article 6(3)); provided, however, that with regard to an action brought by two or more persons or an action brought against two or more persons, this shall apply only in the case specified in the first sentence of Article 38.
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(訴訟の目的の価額の算定)
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(Calculation of Value of Subject Matter of Suit)
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第八条裁判所法(昭和二十二年法律第五十九号)の規定により管轄が訴訟の目的の価額により定まるときは、その価額は、訴えで主張する利益によって算定する。
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Article 8(1)If the jurisdiction shall be determined, as provided for in the Court Act (Act No. 59 of 1947), by the value of the subject matter of the suit, such value shall be calculated on the basis of the interest alleged in the action.
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(併合請求の場合の価額の算定)
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(Calculation of Value in the case of Joint Claim)
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第九条一の訴えで数個の請求をする場合には、その価額を合算したものを訴訟の目的の価額とする。ただし、その訴えで主張する利益が各請求について共通である場合におけるその各請求については、この限りでない。
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Article 9(1)Where two or more claims are to be made by a single action, the total value of those claims shall be the value of the subject matter of the suit; provided, however, that this shall not apply to each claim where the interest alleged in such action is common to those claims.
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(管轄裁判所の指定)
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(Designation of Court with Jurisdiction)
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第十条管轄裁判所が法律上又は事実上裁判権を行うことができないときは、その裁判所の直近上級の裁判所は、申立てにより、決定で、管轄裁判所を定める。
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Article 10(1)If the court with jurisdiction is unable to exercise its jurisdiction by law or in fact, its immediate upper instance court, upon petition, by an order, shall designate a court with jurisdiction.
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(管轄の合意)
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(Agreement on Jurisdiction)
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第十一条当事者は、第一審に限り、合意により管轄裁判所を定めることができる。
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Article 11(1)The parties may determine a court with jurisdiction by an agreement only in the first instance.
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(3)If the agreement set forth in paragraph (1) is made by means of an electromagnetic record (meaning a record made in an electronic form, a magnetic form or any other form not recognizable to human perception, which is used in information processing by computers; the same shall apply hereinafter), the provision of the preceding paragraph shall be applied by deeming such agreement to have been made in writing.
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(応訴管轄)
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(Jurisdiction by Appearance)
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第十二条被告が第一審裁判所において管轄違いの抗弁を提出しないで本案について弁論をし、又は弁論準備手続において申述をしたときは、その裁判所は、管轄権を有する。
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Article 12If a defendant, before the court of first instance, without filing a defense of lack of jurisdiction, has presented oral arguments on the merits or made statements in preparatory proceedings, that court shall have jurisdiction.
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(専属管轄の場合の適用除外等)
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(Exclusion from Application in the case of Exclusive Jurisdiction, etc.)
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第十三条第四条第一項、第五条、第六条第二項、第六条の二、第七条及び前二条の規定は、訴えについて法令に専属管轄の定めがある場合には、適用しない。
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Article 13(1)The provisions of Article 4(1), Article 5, Article 6(2), Article 6-2, Article 7 and the preceding two Articles shall not apply where exclusive jurisdiction over an action in question is provided for in laws or regulations.
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(2)With regard to an action relating to a patent right, etc. , if any of the courts listed in the items of Article 6(1) shall have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of Article 7 or the preceding two Articles, the respective court, notwithstanding the provision of the preceding paragraph, shall have jurisdiction over such action pursuant to the provisions of Article 7 or the preceding two Articles.
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(職権証拠調べ)
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(Examination of Evidence by Court's Own Authority)
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第十四条裁判所は、管轄に関する事項について、職権で証拠調べをすることができる。
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Article 14The court may conduct examination of evidence by its own authority with regard to the matters concerning jurisdiction.
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(管轄の標準時)
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(Base Time for Determining Jurisdiction)
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第十五条裁判所の管轄は、訴えの提起の時を標準として定める。
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Article 15The jurisdiction of a court shall be determined on the basis of the time of the filing of an action.
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(管轄違いの場合の取扱い)
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(Lack of Jurisdiction)
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第十六条裁判所は、訴訟の全部又は一部がその管轄に属しないと認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、これを管轄裁判所に移送する。
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Article 16(1)The court, when it finds that the whole or part of a suit is not subject to its jurisdiction, upon petition or by its own authority, shall transfer the suit to a court with jurisdiction.
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(2)A district court, even where a suit is subject to a summary court located within its jurisdiction, notwithstanding the provision of the preceding paragraph, upon petition or by its own authority, may conduct a trial and make a judicial decision by itself with regard to the whole or part of the suit, when it finds it appropriate; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the suit is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of such summary court (excluding one determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provision of Article 11).
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(遅滞を避ける等のための移送)
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(Transfer to Avoid Delay, etc.)
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第十七条第一審裁判所は、訴訟がその管轄に属する場合においても、当事者及び尋問を受けるべき証人の住所、使用すべき検証物の所在地その他の事情を考慮して、訴訟の著しい遅滞を避け、又は当事者間の衡平を図るため必要があると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、訴訟の全部又は一部を他の管轄裁判所に移送することができる。
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Article 17The court of first instance, even where a suit is subject to its jurisdiction, upon petition or by its own authority, may transfer the whole or part of the suit to another court with jurisdiction, when it finds it necessary in order to avoid substantial delay in the suit or ensure equity between the parties, while taking into consideration the domicile of each party and witness to be examined, the location of any subject of a observation to be used and any other circumstances concerned.
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(簡易裁判所の裁量移送)
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(Discretionary Transfer by Summary Court)
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第十八条簡易裁判所は、訴訟がその管轄に属する場合においても、相当と認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、訴訟の全部又は一部をその所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に移送することができる。
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Article 18A summary court, even where a suit is subject to its jurisdiction, upon petition or by its own authority, may transfer the whole or part of the suit to the district court that has jurisdiction over the location of such summary court when it finds it appropriate.
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(必要的移送)
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(Mandatory Transfer)
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第十九条第一審裁判所は、訴訟がその管轄に属する場合においても、当事者の申立て及び相手方の同意があるときは、訴訟の全部又は一部を申立てに係る地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所に移送しなければならない。ただし、移送により著しく訴訟手続を遅滞させることとなるとき、又はその申立てが、簡易裁判所からその所在地を管轄する地方裁判所への移送の申立て以外のものであって、被告が本案について弁論をし、若しくは弁論準備手続において申述をした後にされたものであるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 19(1)The court of first instance, even where a suit is subject to its jurisdiction, upon the petition of a party and with the consent of the opponent, shall transfer the whole or part of the suit to the district court or summary court pertaining to the petition; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the transfer would substantially delay the court proceedings or where the petition is other than a petition for transfer from a summary court to the district court that has jurisdiction over the location thereof and it is filed after the defendant has presented oral arguments on the merits or made statements in preparatory proceedings.
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(2)A summary court, upon the petition of a defendant on a suit relating to real property which is subject to its jurisdiction, shall transfer the whole or part of the suit to the district court that has jurisdiction over the location thereof; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the defendant has presented oral arguments on the merits before making such request.
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(専属管轄の場合の移送の制限)
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(Restriction on Transfer in the case of Exclusive Jurisdiction)
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第二十条前三条の規定は、訴訟がその係属する裁判所の専属管轄(当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。)に属する場合には、適用しない。
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Article 20(1)The provisions of the preceding three Articles shall not apply where a suit is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the court before which it is pending (except one determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provision of Article 11).
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(2)With regard to a suit pertaining to an action relating to a patent right, etc. , if the suit shall be transferred to any of the courts specified in the items of Article 6(1) pursuant to the provisions of Article 17 or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, notwithstanding the provision of the preceding paragraph, the provisions of Article 17 or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article shall apply.
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(特許権等に関する訴え等に係る訴訟の移送)
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(Transfer of Suit Pertaining to Action Relating to Patent Right, etc.)
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第二十条の二第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所は、特許権等に関する訴えに係る訴訟が同項の規定によりその管轄に専属する場合においても、当該訴訟において審理すべき専門技術的事項を欠くことその他の事情により著しい損害又は遅滞を避けるため必要があると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、訴訟の全部又は一部を第四条、第五条若しくは第十一条の規定によれば管轄権を有すべき地方裁判所又は第十九条第一項の規定によれば移送を受けるべき地方裁判所に移送することができる。
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Article 20-2(1)A court specified in each item of Article 6(1), even where a suit pertaining to an action relating to a patent right, etc. is subject exclusively to its jurisdiction pursuant to the provision of Article 6(1), upon petition or by its own authority, may transfer the whole or part of the suit to the district court which shall have jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of Article 4, Article 5 or Article 11 or the district court which shall accept a suit transferred thereto pursuant to the provision of Article 19(1), when it finds it necessary in order to avoid substantial detriment or delay due to the lack of a capability to examine specialized and technical matters to be examined in the suit or other circumstances.
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(2)Where an appeal to the court of second instance set forth in Article 6(3) is filed, the Tokyo High Court, upon petition or by its own authority, may transfer the whole or part of the suit to the Osaka High Court, when it finds it necessary in order to avoid substantial detriment or delay due to the lack of a capability to examine specialized and technical matters to be examined in the second instance or other circumstances.
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(即時抗告)
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(Immediate Appeal)
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第二十一条移送の決定及び移送の申立てを却下した決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
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Article 21An immediate appeal may be filed against an order of transfer and an order dismissing without prejudice a petition for transfer.
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(移送の裁判の拘束力等)
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(Binding Effect of Judicial Decision of Transfer, etc.)
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第二十二条確定した移送の裁判は、移送を受けた裁判所を拘束する。
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Article 22(1)A judicial decision of transfer that has become final and binding shall be binding on the court that has accepted the suit transferred thereto.
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第二節 裁判所職員の除斥及び忌避
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Section 2 Disqualification of and Challenge to Court Officials
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(裁判官の除斥)
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(Disqualification of Judge)
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第二十三条裁判官は、次に掲げる場合には、その職務の執行から除斥される。ただし、第六号に掲げる場合にあっては、他の裁判所の嘱託により受託裁判官としてその職務を行うことを妨げない。
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Article 23(1)In the following cases, a judge shall be disqualified from performing his/her duties; provided, however, that in the case set forth in item (vi), this shall not preclude a judge from performing his/her duties as a commissioned judge based on the commission from another court:
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一裁判官又はその配偶者若しくは配偶者であった者が、事件の当事者であるとき、又は事件について当事者と共同権利者、共同義務者若しくは償還義務者の関係にあるとき。
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(i)Where a judge or his/her spouse or person who was his/her spouse is a party to the case, or is related to a party in the case as a joint obligee, joint obligor or obligor for redemption.
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二裁判官が当事者の四親等内の血族、三親等内の姻族若しくは同居の親族であるとき、又はあったとき。
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(ii)Where a judge is or was a party's relative by blood within the fourth degree, relative through marriage within the third degree or relative living together.
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三裁判官が当事者の後見人、後見監督人、保佐人、保佐監督人、補助人又は補助監督人であるとき。
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(iii)Where a judge is, in relation to a party, a guardian, supervisor of a guardian, curator, supervisor of a curator, assistant or a supervisor of an assistant.
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四裁判官が事件について証人又は鑑定人となったとき。
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(iv)Where a judge has served as a witness or expert witness in the case.
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五裁判官が事件について当事者の代理人又は補佐人であるとき、又はあったとき。
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(v)Where a judge is or was a party's agent or assistant in court in the case.
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六裁判官が事件について仲裁判断に関与し、又は不服を申し立てられた前審の裁判に関与したとき。
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(vi)Where a judge has participated in making an arbitral award in the case or participated in making a judicial decision in the prior instance against which an appeal is entered.
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(裁判官の忌避)
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(Challenge to Judge)
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第二十四条裁判官について裁判の公正を妨げるべき事情があるときは、当事者は、その裁判官を忌避することができる。
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Article 24(1)If there are circumstances with regard to a judge that would prejudice the impartiality of a judicial decision, a party may challenge such judge.
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(2)A party, if he/she, in the presence of a judge, has presented oral arguments or made statements in preparatory proceedings, may not challenge the judge; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the party did not know of the existence of any grounds for challenge or where any grounds for challenge occurred thereafter.
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(除斥又は忌避の裁判)
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(Judicial Decision of Disqualification or Challenge)
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第二十五条合議体の構成員である裁判官及び地方裁判所の一人の裁判官の除斥又は忌避についてはその裁判官の所属する裁判所が、簡易裁判所の裁判官の除斥又は忌避についてはその裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が、決定で、裁判をする。
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Article 25(1)A judicial decision of the disqualification of or a challenge to a judge who is a member of a panel or a single judge of a district court shall be made by an order of the court to which the judge belongs, and a judicial decision of the disqualification of or a challenge to a judge of a summary court shall be made by an order of the district court that has jurisdiction over the location of the summary court.
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(訴訟手続の停止)
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(Stay of Court Proceedings)
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第二十六条除斥又は忌避の申立てがあったときは、その申立てについての決定が確定するまで訴訟手続を停止しなければならない。ただし、急速を要する行為については、この限りでない。
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Article 26When a petition for disqualification or challenge is filed, court proceedings shall be stayed until an order on the petition becomes final and binding; provided, however, that this shall not apply to any urgent act.
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(裁判所書記官への準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis to Court Clerk)
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第二十七条この節の規定は、裁判所書記官について準用する。この場合においては、裁判は、裁判所書記官の所属する裁判所がする。
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Article 27The provisions of this Section shall apply mutatis mutandis to a court clerk.In this case, a judicial decision shall be made by the court to which a court clerk in question belongs.
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第三章 当事者
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Chapter III Parties
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第一節 当事者能力及び訴訟能力
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Section 1 Capacity to Be Party and Capacity to Sue or Be Sued
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(原則)
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(Principle)
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第二十八条当事者能力、訴訟能力及び訴訟無能力者の法定代理は、この法律に特別の定めがある場合を除き、民法(明治二十九年法律第八十九号)その他の法令に従う。訴訟行為をするのに必要な授権についても、同様とする。
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Article 28The capacity to be a party, capacity to sue or be sued, and the statutory representation for a person without the capacity to sue or be sued, except as otherwise provided for in this Code, shall be governed by the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896) and other laws and regulations.The same shall apply to the delegation of powers necessary for performing procedural acts.
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(法人でない社団等の当事者能力)
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(Capacity to Be Party of Association or Foundation That Is Not Juridical Person)
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第二十九条法人でない社団又は財団で代表者又は管理人の定めがあるものは、その名において訴え、又は訴えられることができる。
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Article 29An association or foundation which is not a juridical person and for which a representative or administrator is designated may sue or be sued in its name.
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(選定当事者)
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(Appointed Party)
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第三十条共同の利益を有する多数の者で前条の規定に該当しないものは、その中から、全員のために原告又は被告となるべき一人又は数人を選定することができる。
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Article 30(1)A number of persons who share common interests and do not fall under the provision of the preceding Article may appoint, from among them, one or more persons as parties to stand as plaintiffs or defendants on behalf of all.
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(4)Persons who have appointed a party to stand as a plaintiff or defendant pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as "appointers") may rescind the appointment or change the party thus appointed (hereinafter referred to as the "appointed party").
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(未成年者及び成年被後見人の訴訟能力)
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(Capacity to Sue or Be Sued of Minor and Adult Ward)
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第三十一条未成年者及び成年被後見人は、法定代理人によらなければ、訴訟行為をすることができない。ただし、未成年者が独立して法律行為をすることができる場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 31A minor and an adult ward may not perform any procedural acts unless by a statutory agent; provided, however, that this shall not apply where a minor may perform juridical acts independently.
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(被保佐人、被補助人及び法定代理人の訴訟行為の特則)
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(Special Provisions on Procedural Acts by Person under Curatorship, Person under Assistance and Statutory Agent)
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第三十二条被保佐人、被補助人(訴訟行為をすることにつきその補助人の同意を得ることを要するものに限る。次項及び第四十条第四項において同じ。)又は後見人その他の法定代理人が相手方の提起した訴え又は上訴について訴訟行為をするには、保佐人若しくは保佐監督人、補助人若しくは補助監督人又は後見監督人の同意その他の授権を要しない。
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Article 32(1)In order for a person under curatorship, person under assistance (limited to one who is required to obtain consent from his/her assistant to perform procedural acts; the same shall apply in the following paragraph and Article 40(4)) or guardian or any other statutory agent to perform any procedural acts with regard to an action or appeal filed by the opponent, he/she shall not be required to obtain consent or the delegation of powers from the curator or supervisor of the curator, assistant or supervisor of the assistant, or supervisor of the guardian.
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一訴えの取下げ、和解、請求の放棄若しくは認諾又は第四十八条(第五十条第三項及び第五十一条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による脱退
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(i)Withdrawing an action, entering into a settlement, waiving or acknowledging a claim, or withdrawing from a suit under the provision of Article 48 (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 50(3) and Article 51)
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二控訴、上告又は第三百十八条第一項の申立ての取下げ
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(ii)Withdrawing an appeal to the court of second instance, final appeal or a petition set forth in Article 318(1)
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三第三百六十条(第三百六十七条第二項及び第三百七十八条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による異議の取下げ又はその取下げについての同意
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(iii)Withdrawing an objection under the provision of Article 360 (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 367(2) and Article 378(2)) or giving consent to such withdrawal
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(外国人の訴訟能力の特則)
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(Special Provisions on Capacity to Sue or Be Sued of Foreign National)
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第三十三条外国人は、その本国法によれば訴訟能力を有しない場合であっても、日本法によれば訴訟能力を有すべきときは、訴訟能力者とみなす。
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Article 33A foreign national, even where he/she does not have the capacity to sue or be sued under his/her national law, shall be deemed to be capable of suing or being sued if he/she shall have the capacity to sue or be sued under Japanese law.
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(訴訟能力等を欠く場合の措置等)
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(Measures for Lack of Capacity to Sue or Be Sued, etc.)
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第三十四条訴訟能力、法定代理権又は訴訟行為をするのに必要な授権を欠くときは、裁判所は、期間を定めて、その補正を命じなければならない。この場合において、遅滞のため損害を生ずるおそれがあるときは、裁判所は、一時訴訟行為をさせることができる。
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Article 34(1)If a person lacks the capacity to sue or be sued, the authority of statutory representation or delegation of powers necessary for performing procedural acts, the court shall specify a period and order the correction of such defect.In this case, if there is a risk of causing damage due to delay, the court may have such person perform a procedural act on a temporary basis.
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(2)Any procedural act performed by a person who lacks the capacity to sue or be sued, the authority of statutory representation or delegation of powers necessary for performing procedural acts shall become effective retroactively as of the time of the act, if ratified by the party or statutory agent who has acquired any of these requirements.
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(特別代理人)
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(Special Agent)
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第三十五条法定代理人がない場合又は法定代理人が代理権を行うことができない場合において、未成年者又は成年被後見人に対し訴訟行為をしようとする者は、遅滞のため損害を受けるおそれがあることを疎明して、受訴裁判所の裁判長に特別代理人の選任を申し立てることができる。
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Article 35(1)Where there is no statutory agent or where a statutory agent is unable to exercise the authority of representation, a person who intends to perform a procedural act against a minor or adult ward may request the presiding judge of the court in charge of the case to appoint a special agent, by making a prima facie showing of the risk of suffering damage due to delay.
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(法定代理権の消滅の通知)
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(Notice of Extinction of Authority of Statutory Representation)
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第三十六条法定代理権の消滅は、本人又は代理人から相手方に通知しなければ、その効力を生じない。
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Article 36(1)The extinction of the authority of statutory representation shall not become effective unless the principal or his/her agent notifies the other party to that effect.
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(法人の代表者等への準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis to Representative of Juridical Person, etc.)
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第三十七条この法律中法定代理及び法定代理人に関する規定は、法人の代表者及び法人でない社団又は財団でその名において訴え、又は訴えられることができるものの代表者又は管理人について準用する。
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Article 37In this Code, the provisions concerning a statutory agent and statutory representation shall apply mutatis mutandis to a representative of a juridical person and to a representative or administrator of an association or foundation that is not a juridical person but is capable of suing or being sued in its name.
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第二節 共同訴訟
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Section 2 Joint Suit
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(共同訴訟の要件)
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(Requirements for Joint Suit)
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第三十八条訴訟の目的である権利又は義務が数人について共通であるとき、又は同一の事実上及び法律上の原因に基づくときは、その数人は、共同訴訟人として訴え、又は訴えられることができる。訴訟の目的である権利又は義務が同種であって事実上及び法律上同種の原因に基づくときも、同様とする。
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Article 38If rights or obligations that are the subject matter of the suits are common to two or more persons or are based on the same factual or statutory cause, these persons may sue or be sued as co-parties.The same shall apply where rights or obligations that are the subject matter of the suits are of the same kind and based on the same kind of causes in fact or by law.
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(共同訴訟人の地位)
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(Status of Co-Party)
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第三十九条共同訴訟人の一人の訴訟行為、共同訴訟人の一人に対する相手方の訴訟行為及び共同訴訟人の一人について生じた事項は、他の共同訴訟人に影響を及ぼさない。
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Article 39Any procedural acts performed by one of the co-parties, any procedural acts performed against one of the co-parties by the opponent, and any matters that have occurred with regard to one of the co-parties shall not affect the other co-party(ies).
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(必要的共同訴訟)
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(Mandatory Joint Suit)
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第四十条訴訟の目的が共同訴訟人の全員について合一にのみ確定すべき場合には、その一人の訴訟行為は、全員の利益においてのみその効力を生ずる。
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Article 40(1)Where the subject matter of the suits should be determined only in a single form for all co-parties, procedural acts performed by one of them shall become effective only in the interest of all of them.
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(4)The provision of Article 32(1) shall apply mutatis mutandis, in the case prescribed in paragraph (1), to procedural acts that should be performed, in an appeal filed by one of the co-parties, by a person under curatorship or person under assistance who is the other co-party or by a guardian or any other statutory agent of the other co-party.
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(同時審判の申出がある共同訴訟)
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(Joint Suit upon Application for Simultaneous Trial and Decision)
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第四十一条共同被告の一方に対する訴訟の目的である権利と共同被告の他方に対する訴訟の目的である権利とが法律上併存し得ない関係にある場合において、原告の申出があったときは、弁論及び裁判は、分離しないでしなければならない。
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Article 41(1)Where a right that is the subject matter of a suit for a codefendant and another right that is the subject matter of another suit for the other codefendant cannot legally coexist, upon the application of the plaintiff, oral arguments and judicial decisions of these suits shall not be made separately.
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第三節 訴訟参加
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Section 3 Intervention
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(補助参加)
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(Assisting Intervention)
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第四十二条訴訟の結果について利害関係を有する第三者は、当事者の一方を補助するため、その訴訟に参加することができる。
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Article 42A third party who has an interest in the outcome of a suit may intervene in the suit in order to assist either party to the suit.
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(補助参加の申出)
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(Application for Assisting Intervention)
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第四十三条補助参加の申出は、参加の趣旨及び理由を明らかにして、補助参加により訴訟行為をすべき裁判所にしなければならない。
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Article 43(1)An application for assisting intervention shall be made to the court where procedural acts should be performed through assisting intervention, by clarifying the purpose of and reasons for intervention.
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(補助参加についての異議等)
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(Objection to Assisting Intervention, etc.)
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第四十四条当事者が補助参加について異議を述べたときは、裁判所は、補助参加の許否について、決定で、裁判をする。この場合においては、補助参加人は、参加の理由を疎明しなければならない。
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Article 44(1)When a party makes an objection to assisting intervention, the court, by an order, shall make a judicial decision with regard to whether or not to permit assisting intervention.In this case, the assisting intervener shall make a prima facie showing of the reasons for intervention.
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(補助参加人の訴訟行為)
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(Procedural Acts by Assisting Intervener)
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第四十五条補助参加人は、訴訟について、攻撃又は防御の方法の提出、異議の申立て、上訴の提起、再審の訴えの提起その他一切の訴訟行為をすることができる。ただし、補助参加の時における訴訟の程度に従いすることができないものは、この限りでない。
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Article 45(1)An assisting intervener, with regard to the suit in question, may advance allegations and evidence, make an objection, file an appeal, file an action for retrial or perform any other procedural acts; provided, however, that this shall not apply to procedural acts that the assisting intervener may not perform depending on the progress of the suit at the time of assisting intervention.
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(補助参加人に対する裁判の効力)
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(Effect of Judicial Decision against Assisting Intervener)
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第四十六条補助参加に係る訴訟の裁判は、次に掲げる場合を除き、補助参加人に対してもその効力を有する。
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Article 46A judicial decision on a suit pertaining to assisting intervention shall also be effective against the assisting intervener, except in the following cases:
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一前条第一項ただし書の規定により補助参加人が訴訟行為をすることができなかったとき。
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(i)Where the assisting intervener was unable to perform a procedural act pursuant to the provision of the proviso to paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
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二前条第二項の規定により補助参加人の訴訟行為が効力を有しなかったとき。
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(ii)Where a procedural act performed by the assisting intervener was not effective pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article.
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三被参加人が補助参加人の訴訟行為を妨げたとき。
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(iii)Where the party to be assisted through intervention interfered with a procedural act performed by the assisting intervener.
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四被参加人が補助参加人のすることができない訴訟行為を故意又は過失によってしなかったとき。
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(iv)Where the party to be assisted through intervention, intentionally or negligently, did not perform a procedural act that the assisting intervener may not perform.
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(独立当事者参加)
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(Intervention as Independent Party)
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第四十七条訴訟の結果によって権利が害されることを主張する第三者又は訴訟の目的の全部若しくは一部が自己の権利であることを主張する第三者は、その訴訟の当事者の双方又は一方を相手方として、当事者としてその訴訟に参加することができる。
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Article 47(1)A third party who asserts that his/her right would be prejudiced depending on the outcome of a suit or a third party who asserts that he/she is entitled to the whole or part of the subject matter of a suit may intervene in the suit as a party, designating either or both of the parties to the suit as his/her opponent(s).
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(4)The provisions of Article 40(1) to (3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the parties to a suit set forth in paragraph (1) and the person who has intervened in the suit pursuant to the provision of said paragraph, and the provision of Article 43 shall apply mutatis mutandis to an application for intervention under the provision of said paragraph.
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(訴訟脱退)
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(Original Party's Withdrawal from Suit)
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第四十八条前条第一項の規定により自己の権利を主張するため訴訟に参加した者がある場合には、参加前の原告又は被告は、相手方の承諾を得て訴訟から脱退することができる。この場合において、判決は、脱退した当事者に対してもその効力を有する。
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Article 48Where there is a person who has intervened in a suit pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article in order to assert his/her own right, the plaintiff or defendant prior to intervention may withdraw from the suit, with the consent of the opponent.In this case, a judgment of the suit shall also be effective against the original party who has withdrawn from the suit.
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(権利承継人の訴訟参加の場合における時効の中断等)
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(Interruption of Prescription in the case of Intervention by Transferee of Right)
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第四十九条訴訟の係属中その訴訟の目的である権利の全部又は一部を譲り受けたことを主張して、第四十七条第一項の規定により訴訟参加をしたときは、その参加は、訴訟の係属の初めにさかのぼって時効の中断又は法律上の期間の遵守の効力を生ずる。
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Article 49If a person has intervened in a suit pursuant to the provision of Article 47(1) by asserting that he/she, while the suit is pending, has accepted a transfer of the whole or part of the right that is the subject matter of the suit, his/her intervention shall have the effect of interruption of prescription or observance of a statutory term.
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(義務承継人の訴訟引受け)
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(Assumption of Suit by Successor of Obligation)
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第五十条訴訟の係属中第三者がその訴訟の目的である義務の全部又は一部を承継したときは、裁判所は、当事者の申立てにより、決定で、その第三者に訴訟を引き受けさせることができる。
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Article 50(1)If a third party, while the suit is pending, has succeeded to the whole or part of the obligation that is the subject matter of the suit, the court, upon the petition of an original party, by an order, may have such third party assume the suit.
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(義務承継人の訴訟参加及び権利承継人の訴訟引受け)
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(Intervention by Successor of Obligation and Assumption of Suit by Transferee of Right)
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第五十一条第四十七条から第四十九条までの規定は訴訟の係属中その訴訟の目的である義務の全部又は一部を承継したことを主張する第三者の訴訟参加について、前条の規定は訴訟の係属中第三者がその訴訟の目的である権利の全部又は一部を譲り受けた場合について準用する。
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Article 51The provisions of Article 47 to Article 49 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the intervention by a third party who asserts that he/she, while the suit is pending, has succeeded to the whole or part of the obligation that is the subject matter of the suit, and the provision of the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis where a third party, while the suit is pending, has accepted a transfer of the whole or part of the right that is the subject matter of the suit.
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(共同訴訟参加)
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(Intervention as Co-Party)
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第五十二条訴訟の目的が当事者の一方及び第三者について合一にのみ確定すべき場合には、その第三者は、共同訴訟人としてその訴訟に参加することができる。
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Article 52(1)Where the subject matter of a suit should be determined in a single form both for one of the original parties and a third party, such third party may intervene in the suit as a co-party.
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(訴訟告知)
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(Notice of Suit to Third Party)
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第五十三条当事者は、訴訟の係属中、参加することができる第三者にその訴訟の告知をすることができる。
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Article 53(1)While the suit is pending, a party may give a notice of the suit to a third party who may intervene in the suit.
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第四節 訴訟代理人及び補佐人
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Section 4 Counsel and Assistant in Court
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(訴訟代理人の資格)
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(Qualification of Counsel)
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第五十四条法令により裁判上の行為をすることができる代理人のほか、弁護士でなければ訴訟代理人となることができない。ただし、簡易裁判所においては、その許可を得て、弁護士でない者を訴訟代理人とすることができる。
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Article 54(1)Except for an agent who may perform judicial acts under laws and regulations, no person other than an attorney at law may serve as a counsel; provided, however, that in a summary court, with its permission, a person who is not an attorney at law may be appointed as a counsel.
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(訴訟代理権の範囲)
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(Scope of Authority of Representation in Suit)
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第五十五条訴訟代理人は、委任を受けた事件について、反訴、参加、強制執行、仮差押え及び仮処分に関する訴訟行為をし、かつ、弁済を受領することができる。
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Article 55(1)A counsel, with regard to a case entrusted thereto, may perform procedural acts concerning a counterclaim, intervention, compulsory execution, provisional seizure and provisional disposition, and may receive payment.
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一反訴の提起
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(i)Filing a counterclaim
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二訴えの取下げ、和解、請求の放棄若しくは認諾又は第四十八条(第五十条第三項及び第五十一条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による脱退
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(ii)Withdrawing an action, entering into a settlement, waiving or acknowledging a claim, or withdrawing from a suit under the provision of Article 48 (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 50(3) and Article 51)
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三控訴、上告若しくは第三百十八条第一項の申立て又はこれらの取下げ
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(iii) Filing an appeal to the court of second instance, final appeal or a petition set forth in Article 318(1), or withdrawals thereof
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四第三百六十条(第三百六十七条第二項及び第三百七十八条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による異議の取下げ又はその取下げについての同意
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(iv)Withdrawing an objection under the provision of Article 360 (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 367(2) and Article 378(2)) or giving consent to such withdrawal
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五代理人の選任
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(v)Appointing an agent
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(個別代理)
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(Independent Representation)
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第五十六条訴訟代理人が数人あるときは、各自当事者を代理する。
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Article 56(1)If there are two or more counsels, each one shall represent a party.
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(当事者による更正)
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(Correction by Party)
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第五十七条訴訟代理人の事実に関する陳述は、当事者が直ちに取り消し、又は更正したときは、その効力を生じない。
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Article 57Statements on facts made by a counsel, if immediately retracted or corrected by a party, shall not become effective.
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(訴訟代理権の不消滅)
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(Non-Extinction of Authority of Representation in Suit)
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第五十八条訴訟代理権は、次に掲げる事由によっては、消滅しない。
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Article 58(1)The authority of representation in a suit shall not be extinct on the following grounds:
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一当事者の死亡又は訴訟能力の喪失
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(i)A party's death or loss of the capacity to sue or be sued
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二当事者である法人の合併による消滅
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(ii)Extinction by merger of a juridical person who is a party
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三当事者である受託者の信託に関する任務の終了
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(iii)Termination of duties concerning a trust assigned to a trustee who is a party
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四法定代理人の死亡、訴訟能力の喪失又は代理権の消滅若しくは変更
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(iv)A statutory agent's death or loss of his/her capacity to sue or be sued, or extinction or modification of the authority of representation
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(法定代理の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Statutory Representation)
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第五十九条第三十四条第一項及び第二項並びに第三十六条第一項の規定は、訴訟代理について準用する。
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Article 59The provisions of Article 34(1) and (2) and Article 36(1) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a counsel.
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(補佐人)
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(Assistant in Court)
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第六十条当事者又は訴訟代理人は、裁判所の許可を得て、補佐人とともに出頭することができる。
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Article 60(1)A party or counsel, with permission of the court, may appear with an assistant in court.
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第四章 訴訟費用
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Chapter IV Court Costs
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第一節 訴訟費用の負担
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Section 1 Burden of Court Costs
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(訴訟費用の負担の原則)
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(Principle of Burden of Court Costs)
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第六十一条訴訟費用は、敗訴の当事者の負担とする。
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Article 61A defeated party shall bear court costs.
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(不必要な行為があった場合等の負担)
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(Burden of Costs: Unnecessary Act, etc.)
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第六十二条裁判所は、事情により、勝訴の当事者に、その権利の伸張若しくは防御に必要でない行為によって生じた訴訟費用又は行為の時における訴訟の程度において相手方の権利の伸張若しくは防御に必要であった行為によって生じた訴訟費用の全部又は一部を負担させることができる。
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Article 62The court, depending on the circumstances, may have a winning party bear all or part of court costs incurred from any act that is unnecessary for the expansion or defense of his/her right or court costs incurred from any act that was necessary, in light of the progress of the suit as of the time of the act, for the expansion or defense of the opponent's right.
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(訴訟を遅滞させた場合の負担)
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(Burden of Costs: Delay in Suit)
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第六十三条当事者が適切な時期に攻撃若しくは防御の方法を提出しないことにより、又は期日若しくは期間の不遵守その他当事者の責めに帰すべき事由により訴訟を遅滞させたときは、裁判所は、その当事者に、その勝訴の場合においても、遅滞によって生じた訴訟費用の全部又は一部を負担させることができる。
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Article 63If a party has delayed a suit due to his/her failure to advance allegations or evidence in a timely manner, nonobservance of the date or period or any other grounds attributable thereto, the court may have such party bear all or part of court costs incurred from the delay even where that party won the case.
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(一部敗訴の場合の負担)
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(Burden of Costs: Partial Defeat)
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第六十四条一部敗訴の場合における各当事者の訴訟費用の負担は、裁判所が、その裁量で定める。ただし、事情により、当事者の一方に訴訟費用の全部を負担させることができる。
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Article 64In the case of partial defeat, the burden of court costs on each party shall be determined by the court at its discretion; provided, however, that depending on the circumstances, the court may have either party bear all court costs.
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(共同訴訟の場合の負担)
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(Burden of Costs: Joint Suit)
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第六十五条共同訴訟人は、等しい割合で訴訟費用を負担する。ただし、裁判所は、事情により、共同訴訟人に連帯して訴訟費用を負担させ、又は他の方法により負担させることができる。
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Article 65(1)Co-parties shall bear court costs equally; provided, however, that the court, depending on circumstances, may have co-parties bear court costs jointly and severally or in any other manner.
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(補助参加の場合の負担)
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(Burden of Costs: Assisting Intervention)
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第六十六条第六十一条から前条までの規定は、補助参加についての異議によって生じた訴訟費用の補助参加人とその異議を述べた当事者との間における負担の関係及び補助参加によって生じた訴訟費用の補助参加人と相手方との間における負担の関係について準用する。
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Article 66The provisions of Article 61 to the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to the allocation of court costs incurred from an objection to assisting intervention between the assisting intervener and the party who has made the objection, and to the allocation of court costs incurred from assisting intervention between the assisting intervention and the opponent.
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(訴訟費用の負担の裁判)
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(Judicial Decision on Burden of Court Costs)
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第六十七条裁判所は、事件を完結する裁判において、職権で、その審級における訴訟費用の全部について、その負担の裁判をしなければならない。ただし、事情により、事件の一部又は中間の争いに関する裁判において、その費用についての負担の裁判をすることができる。
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Article 67(1)The court, when making a judicial decision to conclude a case, by its own authority, shall make a judicial decision on the burden of all court costs incurred in the instance thereof; provided, however, that depending on the circumstances, the court, when making a judicial decision on part of a case or on an interlocutory dispute, may make a judicial decision on the burden of costs thereof.
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(和解の場合の負担)
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(Burden of Costs: Settlement)
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第六十八条当事者が裁判所において和解をした場合において、和解の費用又は訴訟費用の負担について特別の定めをしなかったときは、その費用は、各自が負担する。
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Article 68Where the parties have entered into a settlement in court, if they have not agreed any special provision on the burden of costs for settlement or court costs, the parties shall bear their own costs.
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(法定代理人等の費用償還)
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(Reimbursement of Costs by Statutory Agent, etc.)
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第六十九条法定代理人、訴訟代理人、裁判所書記官又は執行官が故意又は重大な過失によって無益な訴訟費用を生じさせたときは、受訴裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、これらの者に対し、その費用額の償還を命ずることができる。
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Article 69(1)If a statutory agent, counsel, court clerk or court execution officer, intentionally or by gross negligence, has incurred unnecessary court costs, the court in charge of the case, upon petition or by its own authority, may order these persons to reimburse the amount of such costs.
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(2)Where a person who has performed a procedural act as a statutory agent or counsel has failed to prove that he/she has authority of representation or delegation of powers necessary for performing procedural acts and also failed to obtain ratification, the provision of the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to the court costs incurred from that procedural act.
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(無権代理人の費用負担)
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(Burden of Costs by Unauthorized Agent)
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第七十条前条第二項に規定する場合において、裁判所が訴えを却下したときは、訴訟費用は、代理人として訴訟行為をした者の負担とする。
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Article 70In the case prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, if the court has dismissed an action without prejudice, the person who has performed procedural acts as an agent shall bear court costs.
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(訴訟費用額の確定手続)
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(Procedure to Fix Amount of Court Costs)
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第七十一条訴訟費用の負担の額は、その負担の裁判が執行力を生じた後に、申立てにより、第一審裁判所の裁判所書記官が定める。
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Article 71(1)The amount of court costs to be borne shall be fixed, upon petition, by a court clerk of the court of first instance after a judicial decision on the burden of costs becomes enforceable.
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(和解の場合の費用額の確定手続)
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(Procedure to Fix Amount of Costs in the case of Settlement)
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第七十二条当事者が裁判所において和解をした場合において、和解の費用又は訴訟費用の負担を定め、その額を定めなかったときは、その額は、申立てにより、第一審裁判所(第二百七十五条の和解にあっては、和解が成立した裁判所)の裁判所書記官が定める。この場合においては、前条第二項から第七項までの規定を準用する。
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Article 72Where the parties have entered into a settlement in court, if they have not agreed any provision of the burden of costs for settlement or court costs or fixed the amount of these costs, such amount shall be fixed, upon petition, by a court clerk of the court of first instance (in the case of a settlement set forth in Article 275, the court where the settlement is established).In this case, the provisions of paragraph (2) to paragraph (7) of the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(訴訟が裁判及び和解によらないで完結した場合等の取扱い)
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(Where Suit Is Concluded Not by Judicial Decision or Settlement)
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第七十三条訴訟が裁判及び和解によらないで完結したときは、申立てにより、第一審裁判所は決定で訴訟費用の負担を命じ、その裁判所の裁判所書記官はその決定が執行力を生じた後にその負担の額を定めなければならない。補助参加の申出の取下げ又は補助参加についての異議の取下げがあった場合も、同様とする。
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Article 73(1)If a suit is concluded not by a judicial decision or settlement, the court of first instance, upon petition, shall make an order on the burden of court costs, and a court clerk of that court shall fix the amount to be borne after the order becomes enforceable.The same shall apply where an application for assisting intervention is withdrawn or an objection to assisting intervention is withdrawn.
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(2)The provisions of Article 61 to Article 66 and Article 71(7) shall apply mutatis mutandis to an order on the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph, the provisions of Article 71(2) and (3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a disposition made by a court clerk on the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph, and the provisions of Article 71(4) to (7) shall apply mutatis mutandis to an objection to such disposition.
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(費用額の確定処分の更正)
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(Correction of Disposition to Fix Amount of Costs)
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第七十四条第七十一条第一項、第七十二条又は前条第一項の規定による額を定める処分に計算違い、誤記その他これらに類する明白な誤りがあるときは、裁判所書記官は、申立てにより又は職権で、いつでもその処分を更正することができる。
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Article 74(1)If there is a miscalculation, clerical error or any other clear error similar thereto in a disposition to fix the amount under the provisions of Article 71(1), Article 72 or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, a court clerk, upon petition or by his/her own authority, may correct the disposition at any time.
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第二節 訴訟費用の担保
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Section 2 Security for Court Costs
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(担保提供命令)
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(Order of Provision of Security)
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第七十五条原告が日本国内に住所、事務所及び営業所を有しないときは、裁判所は、被告の申立てにより、決定で、訴訟費用の担保を立てるべきことを原告に命じなければならない。その担保に不足を生じたときも、同様とする。
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Article 75(1)If a plaintiff does not have any domicile, business office or other office in Japan, the court, upon the petition of a defendant, shall make an order to the effect that the plaintiff should provide security for court costs.The same shall apply if any deficiency occurs in such security.
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(担保提供の方法)
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(Method of Providing Security)
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第七十六条担保を立てるには、担保を立てるべきことを命じた裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の管轄区域内の供託所に金銭又は裁判所が相当と認める有価証券(社債等の振替に関する法律(平成十三年法律第七十五号)第百二十九条第一項に規定する振替社債等を含む。次条において同じ。)を供託する方法その他最高裁判所規則で定める方法によらなければならない。ただし、当事者が特別の契約をしたときは、その契約による。
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Article 76Security shall be provided by making a statutory deposit of money or securities (including book-entry transfer company bonds, etc. prescribed in Article 129(1) of the Act on Book-Entry Transfer of Company Bonds, etc. (Act No. 75 of 2001); the same shall apply in the following Article) that the court considers appropriate, to an official depository within the jurisdictional district of the district court that has jurisdiction over the location of the court that has ordered provision of security, or by any other method specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that if the parties have made a special contract, such contract shall prevail.
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(担保物に対する被告の権利)
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(Defendant's Right over Collateral)
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第七十七条被告は、訴訟費用に関し、前条の規定により供託した金銭又は有価証券について、他の債権者に先立ち弁済を受ける権利を有する。
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Article 77With regard to court costs, a defendant shall have the right to receive payment, in preference to other creditors, for the money or securities deposited by law pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article.
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(担保不提供の効果)
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(Effect of Failure to Provide Security)
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第七十八条原告が担保を立てるべき期間内にこれを立てないときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、訴えを却下することができる。ただし、判決前に担保を立てたときは、この限りでない。
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Article 78If a plaintiff fails to provide security within the period during which it should be provided, the court, by a judgment, may dismiss the action without prejudice, without oral argument; provided, however, that this shall not apply if he/she provides security before a judgment is made.
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(担保の取消し)
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(Rescission of Security)
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第七十九条担保を立てた者が担保の事由が消滅したことを証明したときは、裁判所は、申立てにより、担保の取消しの決定をしなければならない。
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Article 79(1)When the person who provided security has proven that the grounds for providing security have ceased to exist, the court, upon petition, shall make an order of rescission of security.
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(3)If, after the conclusion of a suit, the court, upon the petition of the person who provided security, has made a demand on the security interest holder that he/she should exercise his/her right within a certain period but the security interest holder has not exercised it, it shall be deemed that the security interest holder has consented to the rescission of security.
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(担保の変換)
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(Substitution of Security)
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第八十条裁判所は、担保を立てた者の申立てにより、決定で、その担保の変換を命ずることができる。ただし、その担保を契約によって他の担保に変換することを妨げない。
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Article 80The court, upon the petition of the person who provided security, may make an order of substitution for that security; provided, however, that this shall not preclude substituting another security for that security by a contract.
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(他の法令による担保への準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis to Security Provided under Other Laws and Regulations)
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第八十一条第七十五条第四項、第五項及び第七項並びに第七十六条から前条までの規定は、他の法令により訴えの提起について立てるべき担保について準用する。
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Article 81The provisions of Article 75(4), (5) and (7) and Article 76 to the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to the security to be provided under other laws and regulations for the filing of an action.
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第三節 訴訟上の救助
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Section 3 Judicial Aid
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(救助の付与)
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(Grant of Aid)
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第八十二条訴訟の準備及び追行に必要な費用を支払う資力がない者又はその支払により生活に著しい支障を生ずる者に対しては、裁判所は、申立てにより、訴訟上の救助の決定をすることができる。ただし、勝訴の見込みがないとはいえないときに限る。
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Article 82(1)For a person who lacks the financial resources to pay the expenses necessary for preparing for and conducting a suit or person who will suffer substantial detriment in his/her standard of living by paying such expenses, the court, upon petition, may make an order to grant judicial aid; provided, however, that this shall apply only where it cannot be said that such person is unlikely to win the case.
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(救助の効力等)
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(Effects of Aid, etc.)
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第八十三条訴訟上の救助の決定は、その定めるところに従い、訴訟及び強制執行について、次に掲げる効力を有する。
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Article 83(1)An order to grant judicial aid, as provided for therein, shall have the following effects with regard to the suit and compulsory execution:
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一裁判費用並びに執行官の手数料及びその職務の執行に要する費用の支払の猶予
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(i)Grace of payment of court costs as well as fees for a court execution officer and expenses for the performance of his/her duties
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二裁判所において付添いを命じた弁護士の報酬及び費用の支払の猶予
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(ii)Grace of payment of compensation and expenses for an attorney at law who is ordered by the court to be an attendant
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三訴訟費用の担保の免除
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(iii)Exemption from providing security for court costs
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(救助の決定の取消し)
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(Revocation of Order to Grant Aid)
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第八十四条訴訟上の救助の決定を受けた者が第八十二条第一項本文に規定する要件を欠くことが判明し、又はこれを欠くに至ったときは、訴訟記録の存する裁判所は、利害関係人の申立てにより又は職権で、決定により、いつでも訴訟上の救助の決定を取り消し、猶予した費用の支払を命ずることができる。
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Article 84If a person who has received an order to grant judicial aid is found not to meet the requirements prescribed in the main clause of Article 82(1) or no longer meets the requirements, the court where the case record is kept, upon the petition of an interested person or by its own authority, by an order, may at any time revoke the order to grant judicial aid and order payment of expenses and costs for which grace is given.
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(猶予された費用等の取立方法)
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(Method of Collection of Expenses and Costs with Grace, etc.)
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第八十五条訴訟上の救助の決定を受けた者に支払を猶予した費用は、これを負担することとされた相手方から直接に取り立てることができる。この場合において、弁護士又は執行官は、報酬又は手数料及び費用について、訴訟上の救助の決定を受けた者に代わり、第七十一条第一項、第七十二条又は第七十三条第一項の申立て及び強制執行をすることができる。
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Article 85Expenses and costs for which grace is given to a person who has received an order to grant judicial aid may be collected directly from the opponent who shall bear such expenses and costs.In this case, an attorney at law or a court execution officer, on behalf of the person who has received the order to grant judicial aid, may file a petition set forth in Article 71(1), Article 72 or Article 73(1) or enforce compulsory execution with regard to their compensation or fees and expenses and costs.
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(即時抗告)
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(Immediate Appeal)
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第八十六条この節に規定する決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
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Article 86An immediate appeal may be filed against an order prescribed in this Section.
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第五章 訴訟手続
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Chapter V Court Proceedings
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第一節 訴訟の審理等
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Section 1 Proceedings of Suit, etc.
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(口頭弁論の必要性)
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(Necessity of Oral Argument)
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第八十七条当事者は、訴訟について、裁判所において口頭弁論をしなければならない。ただし、決定で完結すべき事件については、裁判所が、口頭弁論をすべきか否かを定める。
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Article 87(1)The parties, with regard to their suit, shall conduct oral argument before the court; provided, however, that with regard to a case to be concluded by an order, the court shall determine whether or not oral argument should be conducted.
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(受命裁判官による審尋)
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(Interrogation by Authorized Judge)
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第八十八条裁判所は、審尋をする場合には、受命裁判官にこれを行わせることができる。
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Article 88The court, where it interrogates a person, may have an authorized judge conduct such interrogation.
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(和解の試み)
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(Attempt of Settlement)
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第八十九条裁判所は、訴訟がいかなる程度にあるかを問わず、和解を試み、又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官に和解を試みさせることができる。
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Article 89The court, irrespective of to what extent a suit has progressed, may attempt to arrange a settlement or have an authorized judge or commissioned judge attempt to arrange a settlement.
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(訴訟手続に関する異議権の喪失)
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(Loss of Right of Objection to Court Proceedings)
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第九十条当事者が訴訟手続に関する規定の違反を知り、又は知ることができた場合において、遅滞なく異議を述べないときは、これを述べる権利を失う。ただし、放棄することができないものについては、この限りでない。
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Article 90Where a party knows or is able to know any violation of the provisions concerning court proceedings but does not make an objection without delay, he/she shall lose the right to make an objection; provided, however, that this shall not apply to such right that may not be waived.
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(訴訟記録の閲覧等)
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(Inspection of Case Record, etc.)
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第九十一条何人も、裁判所書記官に対し、訴訟記録の閲覧を請求することができる。
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Article 91(1)Any person may make a request to a court clerk for the inspection of a case record.
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(4)The provision of the preceding paragraph shall not apply with respect to case records which are prepared in the form of audiotapes or videotapes (including objects on which certain matters are recorded by any means equivalent thereto).In this case, upon the request of a party or a third party who has made a prima facie showing of his/her interest with regard to these objects, a court clerk shall permit reproduction thereof.
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(秘密保護のための閲覧等の制限)
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(Restriction on Inspection, etc. for Secrecy Protection)
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第九十二条次に掲げる事由につき疎明があった場合には、裁判所は、当該当事者の申立てにより、決定で、当該訴訟記録中当該秘密が記載され、又は記録された部分の閲覧若しくは謄写、その正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付又はその複製(以下「秘密記載部分の閲覧等」という。)の請求をすることができる者を当事者に限ることができる。
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Article 92(1)Where a prima facie showing is made with regard to the following grounds, the court, upon the petition of a party concerned, may, by an order, limit the persons who may make a request for inspection or copying of the part of the case record in which the relevant secret is stated or recorded, issuance of an authenticated copy, transcript or extract of such part or reproduction of such part (hereinafter referred to as "inspection, etc. of the secret part") to the parties:
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一訴訟記録中に当事者の私生活についての重大な秘密が記載され、又は記録されており、かつ、第三者が秘密記載部分の閲覧等を行うことにより、その当事者が社会生活を営むのに著しい支障を生ずるおそれがあること。
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(i)In the case record, a material secret regarding the private life of a party is stated or recorded, and the inspection, etc. of the secret part conducted by any third party would be substantially detrimental to the party concerned in his/her social life.
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二訴訟記録中に当事者が保有する営業秘密(不正競争防止法第二条第六項に規定する営業秘密をいう。第百三十二条の二第一項第三号及び第二項において同じ。)が記載され、又は記録されていること。
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(ii)In the case record, a trade secret (meaning a trade secret prescribed in Article 2(6) of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act; the same shall apply in Article 132-2(1)(iii) or (2)) held by a party is stated or recorded.
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(3)A third party who intends to make a request for inspection, etc. of the secret part may file a petition, to the court where the case record is stored, for revocation of the order set forth in paragraph (1), on the grounds that any of the requirements prescribed in said paragraph is not met or is no longer met.
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第二節 専門委員等
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Section 2 Technical Adviser, etc.
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第一款 専門委員
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Subsection 1 Technical Adviser
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(専門委員の関与)
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(Participation of Technical Adviser)
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第九十二条の二裁判所は、争点若しくは証拠の整理又は訴訟手続の進行に関し必要な事項の協議をするに当たり、訴訟関係を明瞭にし、又は訴訟手続の円滑な進行を図るため必要があると認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、決定で、専門的な知見に基づく説明を聴くために専門委員を手続に関与させることができる。この場合において、専門委員の説明は、裁判長が書面により又は口頭弁論若しくは弁論準備手続の期日において口頭でさせなければならない。
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Article 92-2(1)When the court finds it necessary, in the process of deliberating the necessary matters concerning the arrangement of issues or evidence or the progress of court proceedings, in order to clarify the matters related to the suit or ensure the smooth progress of court proceedings, it may, after hearing opinions of the parties, by an order, have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings so as to hear his/her explanation based on expert knowledge.In this case, the presiding judge shall have a technical adviser give an explanation in writing or orally on the date for oral argument or date for preparatory proceedings.
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(2)When the court finds it necessary, in the process of conducting the examination of evidence, in order to clarify the matters related to the suit or the gist of the result of the examination of evidence, it may, after hearing opinions of the parties, by an order, have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings so as to hear his/her explanation based on expert knowledge on the date for the examination of evidence.In this case, in order to have a technical adviser give an explanation on the date for the examination of a witness or a party him/herself or date for the questioning of an expert witness, the presiding judge, with the consent of the party, may permit the technical adviser to ask questions directly of the witness, the party him/herself or the expert witness with regard to the matters necessary for clarifying the matters related to the suit or the gist of the result of the examination of evidence.
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(3)The court, when it finds it necessary in the process of attempting to arrange a settlement, with the consent of the parties, by an order, may have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings so as to hear his/her explanation based on expert knowledge on the date for attempting to arrange a settlement on which both parties are able to attend.
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(音声の送受信による通話の方法による専門委員の関与)
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(Participation of Technical Adviser Through Communication by Audio Transmissions)
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第九十二条の三裁判所は、前条各項の規定により専門委員を手続に関与させる場合において、専門委員が遠隔の地に居住しているときその他相当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、同条各項の期日において、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、裁判所及び当事者双方が専門委員との間で音声の送受信により同時に通話をすることができる方法によって、専門委員に同条各項の説明又は発問をさせることができる。
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Article 92-3Where the court has a technical adviser participate in the proceedings pursuant to the provisions of the paragraphs of the preceding Article, if the technical adviser lives in a remote place or the court finds it appropriate for any other reasons, it may, after hearing opinions of the parties, have the technical adviser give an explanation or ask the questions set forth in the respective paragraphs of said Article on the date set forth in the respective paragraphs of said Article, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, by a method that enables the court and both parties to communicate simultaneously with the technical adviser by audio transmissions.
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(専門委員の関与の決定の取消し)
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(Revocation of Order of Participation of Technical Adviser)
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第九十二条の四裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、専門委員を手続に関与させる決定を取り消すことができる。ただし、当事者双方の申立てがあるときは、これを取り消さなければならない。
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Article 92-4The court, when it finds it appropriate, upon petition or by its own authority, may revoke an order to have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings; provided, however, that the court shall revoke the order upon the petition of both parties.
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(専門委員の指定及び任免等)
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(Designation, Appointment and Dismissal, etc. of Technical Adviser)
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第九十二条の五専門委員の員数は、各事件について一人以上とする。
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Article 92-5(1)The number of technical advisers shall be one or more for each case.
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(専門委員の除斥及び忌避)
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(Disqualification of and Challenge to Technical Adviser)
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第九十二条の六第二十三条から第二十五条まで(同条第二項を除く。)の規定は、専門委員について準用する。
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Article 92-6(1)The provisions of Article 23 to Article 25 (excluding paragraph (2) of said Article) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a technical adviser.
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(受命裁判官等の権限)
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(Powers of Authorized Judge, etc.)
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第九十二条の七受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が第九十二条の二各項の手続を行う場合には、同条から第九十二条の四まで及び第九十二条の五第二項の規定による裁判所及び裁判長の職務は、その裁判官が行う。ただし、第九十二条の二第二項の手続を行う場合には、専門委員を手続に関与させる決定、その決定の取消し及び専門委員の指定は、受訴裁判所がする。
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Article 92-7Where an authorized judge or commissioned judge conducts the procedures set forth in the paragraphs of Article 92-2, the respective judge shall perform the duties of the court and the presiding judge under the provisions of said Article to Article 92-4 and Article 92-5(2); provided, however, that in the case of the procedure set forth in Article 92-2(2), the court in charge of the case shall make an order to have a technical adviser participate in the proceedings, revoke such order, and designate a technical adviser.
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第二款 知的財産に関する事件における裁判所調査官の事務等
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Subsection 2 Affairs of Judicial Research Official in Cases Relating to Intellectual Property
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(知的財産に関する事件における裁判所調査官の事務)
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(Affairs of Judicial Research Official in Cases Relating to Intellectual Property)
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第九十二条の八裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、高等裁判所又は地方裁判所において知的財産に関する事件の審理及び裁判に関して調査を行う裁判所調査官に、当該事件において次に掲げる事務を行わせることができる。この場合において、当該裁判所調査官は、裁判長の命を受けて、当該事務を行うものとする。
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Article 92-8The court, when it finds it necessary, may have a judicial research official, who is in charge of conducting an examination of a trial and a judicial decision on a case relating to intellectual property at a high court or district court, administer the following affairs in said case.In this case, the judicial research official, as ordered by the presiding judge, shall administer these affairs:
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一次に掲げる期日又は手続において、訴訟関係を明瞭にするため、事実上及び法律上の事項に関し、当事者に対して問いを発し、又は立証を促すこと。
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(i)Asking questions of the parties or urging them to offer proof with regard to factual or legal matters, on the following date or in the following proceedings, in order to clarify the matters related to the suit:
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イ口頭弁論又は審尋の期日
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(a)The date for oral argument or interrogation
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ロ争点又は証拠の整理を行うための手続
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(b)The proceedings for arranging issues or evidence
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ハ文書の提出義務又は検証の目的の提示義務の有無を判断するための手続
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(c)The proceedings for determining the existence or nonexistence of an obligation to submit a document or obligation to present the subject matter of a observation
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ニ争点又は証拠の整理に係る事項その他訴訟手続の進行に関し必要な事項についての協議を行うための手続
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(d)The proceedings for deliberating the matters pertaining to the arrangement of issues or evidence or any other necessary matters concerning the progress of court proceedings
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二証拠調べの期日において、証人、当事者本人又は鑑定人に対し直接に問いを発すること。
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(ii)Asking questions directly of a witness, a party him/herself or expert witness on the date for examination of evidence
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三和解を試みる期日において、専門的な知見に基づく説明をすること。
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(iii)Giving an explanation based on expert knowledge on the date for attempting to arrange a settlement
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四裁判官に対し、事件につき意見を述べること。
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(iv)Stating opinions on the case to a judge
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(知的財産に関する事件における裁判所調査官の除斥及び忌避)
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(Disqualification of and Challenge to Judicial Research Official in Cases Relating to Intellectual Property)
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第九十二条の九第二十三条から第二十五条までの規定は、前条の事務を行う裁判所調査官について準用する。
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Article 92-9(1)The provisions of Article 23 to Article 25 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a judicial research official who administers the affairs set forth in the preceding Article.
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(2)When a petition is filed for the disqualification of or a challenge to a judicial research official who administers the affairs set forth in the preceding Article, the judicial research official may not participate in the case for which the petition is filed until an order on the petition becomes final and binding.
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第三節 期日及び期間
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Section 3 Date and Period
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(期日の指定及び変更)
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(Designation and Change of Date)
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第九十三条期日は、申立てにより又は職権で、裁判長が指定する。
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Article 93(1)The date shall be designated by the presiding judge upon petition or by his/her own authority.
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(期日の呼出し)
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(Summons for Appearance Date)
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第九十四条期日の呼出しは、呼出状の送達、当該事件について出頭した者に対する期日の告知その他相当と認める方法によってする。
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Article 94(1)Summons for an appearance date shall be made by serving a writ of summons, giving a notice of the date to a person who has appeared for the case in question, or any other method that is considered to be appropriate.
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(2)When a summons for an appearance date is made by a method other than serving a writ of summons or giving a notice of the date to a person who has appeared for the case, no legal sanction nor any other disadvantage by reason of nonobservance of the date may be attributed to a party, witness or expert witness who does not appear on the date; provided, however, that this shall not apply if these persons have submitted a document stating that they have been summoned for the appearance date.
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(期間の計算)
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(Computation of Period of Time)
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第九十五条期間の計算については、民法の期間に関する規定に従う。
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Article 95(1)The computation of a period of time shall be governed by the provisions of the Civil Code concerning periods of time.
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3期間の末日が日曜日、土曜日、国民の祝日に関する法律(昭和二十三年法律第百七十八号)に規定する休日、一月二日、一月三日又は十二月二十九日から十二月三十一日までの日に当たるときは、期間は、その翌日に満了する。
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(3)If the last day of a period falls upon Sunday, Saturday, a holiday prescribed in the Act on National Holidays (Act No. 178 of 1948), January 2nd, January 3rd, or any day from December 29th to December 31st, the period shall expire on the day following the respective day.
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(期間の伸縮及び付加期間)
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(Extension and Shortening of Period and Additional Period)
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第九十六条裁判所は、法定の期間又はその定めた期間を伸長し、又は短縮することができる。ただし、不変期間については、この限りでない。
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Article 96(1)The court may extend or shorten a statutory period or a period specified by itself; provided, however, that this shall not apply to an unextendable period.
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(訴訟行為の追完)
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(Subsequent Completion of Procedural Act)
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第九十七条当事者がその責めに帰することができない事由により不変期間を遵守することができなかった場合には、その事由が消滅した後一週間以内に限り、不変期間内にすべき訴訟行為の追完をすることができる。ただし、外国に在る当事者については、この期間は、二月とする。
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Article 97(1)Where a party was unable to observe an unextendable period due to grounds not attributable thereto, he/she may subsequently complete, within one week after the grounds cease to exist, the procedural act to be performed within the unextendable period; provided, however, that for a party who is in a foreign state, such additional period shall be two months.
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第四節 送達
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Section 4 Service
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(職権送達の原則等)
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(Principle of Service by Authority, etc.)
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第九十八条送達は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、職権でする。
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Article 98(1)A service, except as otherwise provided, shall be made by the authority of the court.
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(送達実施機関)
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(Organs Making Service)
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第九十九条送達は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、郵便又は執行官によってする。
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Article 99(1)A service, except as otherwise provided, shall be made by mail or by a court execution officer.
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(裁判所書記官による送達)
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(Service by Court Clerk)
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第百条裁判所書記官は、その所属する裁判所の事件について出頭した者に対しては、自ら送達をすることができる。
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Article 100A court clerk may make a service by him/herself upon a person who has appeared for a case that is pending before the court to which he/she belongs.
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(交付送達の原則)
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(Principle of Service by Delivery)
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第百一条送達は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、送達を受けるべき者に送達すべき書類を交付してする。
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Article 101A service, except as otherwise provided, shall be made by delivering, to the person who is to receive the service, a document to be served upon him/her.
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(訴訟無能力者等に対する送達)
|
(Service upon Person without Capacity to Sue or Be Sued, etc.)
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第百二条訴訟無能力者に対する送達は、その法定代理人にする。
|
Article 102(1)A service upon a person without capacity to sue or be sued shall be made upon his/her statutory agent.
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(送達場所)
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(Place of Service)
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第百三条送達は、送達を受けるべき者の住所、居所、営業所又は事務所(以下この節において「住所等」という。)においてする。ただし、法定代理人に対する送達は、本人の営業所又は事務所においてもすることができる。
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Article 103(1)A service shall be made at the domicile, residence, business office or other office (hereinafter referred to as the "domicile, etc.") of the person who is to receive the service; provided, however, that a service upon a statutory agent may also be made at the business office or other office of the principal.
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(2)If the place specified in the preceding paragraph is unknown or there is an obstacle to making a service at that place, a service may be made at the domicile, etc. of another person where the person who is to receive the service engages in work based on employment, entrustment or any other legal act (hereinafter referred to as the "workplace").The same shall apply where the person who is to receive the service (except one prescribed in paragraph (1) of the following Article) has made a statement that he/she will receive the service at the workplace.
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(送達場所等の届出)
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(Notification of Place of Service, etc.)
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第百四条当事者、法定代理人又は訴訟代理人は、送達を受けるべき場所(日本国内に限る。)を受訴裁判所に届け出なければならない。この場合においては、送達受取人をも届け出ることができる。
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Article 104(1)A party, statutory agent or counsel shall notify the court in charge of the case of the place where a service is to be received (limited to a place in Japan).In this case, they may also notify the court of a designated service recipient.
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(3)A subsequent service upon a person who does not make a notification under the provision of the first sentence of paragraph (1) and who has received any of the services listed in the following items, notwithstanding the provision of the preceding Article, shall be made at the place specified in the respective items:
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一前条の規定による送達その送達をした場所
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(i)A service under the provision of the preceding Article:The place where the service was made
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二次条後段の規定による送達のうち郵便の業務に従事する者が郵便事業株式会社の営業所(郵便事業株式会社から当該送達の業務の委託を受けた者の営業所を含む。第百六条第一項後段において同じ。)においてするもの及び同項後段の規定による送達その送達において送達をすべき場所とされていた場所
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(ii)A service under the provision of the second sentence of the following Article to be made by a person engaging in postal services at a business office of Japan Post Service Co. , Ltd (including a business office of a person who is entrusted by Japan Post Service Co., Ltd with said postal services; the same shall apply in the second sentence of Article 106(1)), and a service under the provision of the second sentence of Article 106(1):The place designated as the place where the service was to be made
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三第百七条第一項第一号の規定による送達その送達においてあて先とした場所
|
(iii)A service under the provision of Article 107(1)(i):The place designated as the destination of the service
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(出会送達)
|
(Service at the Place of Meeting)
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第百五条前二条の規定にかかわらず、送達を受けるべき者で日本国内に住所等を有することが明らかでないもの(前条第一項前段の規定による届出をした者を除く。)に対する送達は、その者に出会った場所においてすることができる。日本国内に住所等を有することが明らかな者又は同項前段の規定による届出をした者が送達を受けることを拒まないときも、同様とする。
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Article 105Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two Articles, a service upon the person who is to receive the service and for whom it is not obvious that he/she has a domicile, etc. in Japan (excluding one who has made a notification under the provision of the first sentence of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article), may be made at a place where the deliverer of the service has met the person.The same shall apply where a person for whom it is obvious that he/she has a domicile, etc. in Japan or person who has made a notification under the provision of the first sentence of said paragraph does not refuse to receive a service.
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(補充送達及び差置送達)
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(Substituted Service and Service by Leaving Documents)
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第百六条就業場所以外の送達をすべき場所において送達を受けるべき者に出会わないときは、使用人その他の従業者又は同居者であって、書類の受領について相当のわきまえのあるものに書類を交付することができる。郵便の業務に従事する者が郵便事業株式会社の営業所において書類を交付すべきときも、同様とする。
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Article 106(1)If the deliverer of a service has not met the person who is to receive the service at the place, other than the workplace, where the service is to be made, the relevant document may be delivered to an employee or any other worker or a person living together with that person, who has reasonable discretion concerning the receipt of documents.The same shall apply where a person engaging in postal services is to deliver the document at the business office of Japan Post Service Co. , Ltd.
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(2)Where the deliverer of a service has not met the person who is to receive the service at the workplace (including cases where the place reported in the notification made under the provision of the first sentence of Article 104(1) is the workplace), if another person set forth in Article 103(2) or his/her statutory agent or employee or any other worker, who has reasonable discretion concerning the receipt of documents, does not refuse to receive the delivery of the document, the document may be delivered to these persons.
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(3)If a person who is to receive a service or a person who is to receive the delivery of the document pursuant to the provision of the first sentence of paragraph (1) has refused to receive the service or the delivery without justifiable grounds, the relevant document may be left at the place where the service is to be made.
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(書留郵便等に付する送達)
|
(Service by Registered Mail, etc.)
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第百七条前条の規定により送達をすることができない場合には、裁判所書記官は、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める場所にあてて、書類を書留郵便又は民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律(平成十四年法律第九十九号)第二条第六項に規定する一般信書便事業者若しくは同条第九項に規定する特定信書便事業者の提供する同条第二項に規定する信書便の役務のうち書留郵便に準ずるものとして最高裁判所規則で定めるもの(次項及び第三項において「書留郵便等」という。)に付して発送することができる。
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Article 107(1)Where it is impossible to make a service pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article, a court clerk, for the cases listed in the following items, may send the document to the place specified in the respective items, by registered mail or services of correspondence delivery prescribed in Article 2(2) of the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators (Act No. 99 of 2002) that are provided by a general correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (6) of said Article or a specified correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (9) of said Article, which are specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as services equivalent to registered mail (hereinafter referred to as "registered mail, etc." in the following paragraph and paragraph (3)):
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一第百三条の規定による送達をすべき場合同条第一項に定める場所
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(i)Where a service under the provision of Article 103 is to be made:The place specified in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article
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二第百四条第二項の規定による送達をすべき場合同項の場所
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(ii)Where a service under the provision of Article 104(2) is to be made:The place set forth in said paragraph
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三第百四条第三項の規定による送達をすべき場合同項の場所(その場所が就業場所である場合にあっては、訴訟記録に表れたその者の住所等)
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(iii)Where a service under the provision of Article 104(3) is to be made:The place set forth in said paragraph (in cases where that place is the workplace, the domicile, etc. of the person in question as indicated in the case record)
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(外国における送達)
|
(Service in Foreign State)
|
第百八条外国においてすべき送達は、裁判長がその国の管轄官庁又はその国に駐在する日本の大使、公使若しくは領事に嘱託してする。
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Article 108A service to be made in a foreign state shall be made as commissioned by the presiding judge to the competent government agency of that state or the Japanese ambassador, minister or consul stationed in that state.
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(送達報告書)
|
(Service Report)
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第百九条送達をした者は、書面を作成し、送達に関する事項を記載して、これを裁判所に提出しなければならない。
|
Article 109A person who has made a service shall prepare a document, state therein the matters concerning the service, and submit it to the court.
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(公示送達の要件)
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(Requirements for Service by Publication)
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第百十条次に掲げる場合には、裁判所書記官は、申立てにより、公示送達をすることができる。
|
Article 110(1)In the following cases, a court clerk, upon petition, may make a service by publication:
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一当事者の住所、居所その他送達をすべき場所が知れない場合
|
(i)Where a party's domicile, residence or any other place where the service is to be made is unknown.
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二第百七条第一項の規定により送達をすることができない場合
|
(ii)Where it is impossible to make a service pursuant to the provision of Article 107(1)
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三外国においてすべき送達について、第百八条の規定によることができず、又はこれによっても送達をすることができないと認めるべき場合
|
(iii)Where, with regard to a service to be made in a foreign state, it is impossible to make the service by the method prescribed in Article 108 or it is found to be impossible to make the service by such method.
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四第百八条の規定により外国の管轄官庁に嘱託を発した後六月を経過してもその送達を証する書面の送付がない場合
|
(iv)Where, even after six months have elapsed since a commission was issued to the competent government agency of a foreign state pursuant to the provision of Article 108, no document that certifies that the agency has made the service has been sent.
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(公示送達の方法)
|
(Method of Service by Publication)
|
第百十一条公示送達は、裁判所書記官が送達すべき書類を保管し、いつでも送達を受けるべき者に交付すべき旨を裁判所の掲示場に掲示してする。
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Article 111A service by publication shall be made by posting a notice, at the posting area of the court, to the effect that a court clerk shall retain the document to be served and deliver it at any time to the person who is to receive the service.
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(公示送達の効力発生の時期)
|
(Time When Service by Publication Becomes Effective)
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第百十二条公示送達は、前条の規定による掲示を始めた日から二週間を経過することによって、その効力を生ずる。ただし、第百十条第三項の公示送達は、掲示を始めた日の翌日にその効力を生ずる。
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Article 112(1)A service by publication shall become effective when two weeks have elapsed since the day on which the posting under the provision of the preceding Article was carried out; provided, however, that a service by publication set forth in Article 110(3) shall become effective on the day following the day on which the posting was carried out.
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(公示送達による意思表示の到達)
|
(Arrival of Manifestation of Intention by Service by Publication)
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第百十三条訴訟の当事者が相手方の所在を知ることができない場合において、相手方に対する公示送達がされた書類に、その相手方に対しその訴訟の目的である請求又は防御の方法に関する意思表示をする旨の記載があるときは、その意思表示は、第百十一条の規定による掲示を始めた日から二週間を経過した時に、相手方に到達したものとみなす。この場合においては、民法第九十八条第三項ただし書の規定を準用する。
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Article 113Where a party to a suit is unable to discover the whereabouts of the opponent, if the document served by publication upon the opponent states that the party make a manifestation of intention to the opponent with respect to the claim that is the subject matter of the suit or the allegations and evidence for defense, such manifestation of intention shall be deemed to have arrived at the opponent when two weeks have elapsed since the day on which the posting under the provision of Article 111 was carried out.In this case, the provision of the proviso to Article 98(3) of the Civil Code shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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第五節 裁判
|
Section 5 Judicial Decision
|
(既判力の範囲)
|
(Scope of Res Judicata)
|
第百十四条確定判決は、主文に包含するものに限り、既判力を有する。
|
Article 114(1)A final and binding judgment, only for the contents thereof that are included in the main text, shall have res judicata.
|
(確定判決等の効力が及ぶ者の範囲)
|
(Scope of Persons Subject to Effect of Final and Binding Judgment, etc.)
|
第百十五条確定判決は、次に掲げる者に対してその効力を有する。
|
Article 115(1)A final and binding judgment shall be effective against the following persons:
|
一当事者
|
(i)The parties
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二当事者が他人のために原告又は被告となった場合のその他人
|
(ii)Another person for whom a party has served as a plaintiff or defendant
|
三前二号に掲げる者の口頭弁論終結後の承継人
|
(iii)A person who has succeeded to any of the persons listed in the preceding two items after the conclusion of oral argument
|
四前三号に掲げる者のために請求の目的物を所持する者
|
(iv)A person who possesses the subject matter of the claim on behalf of any of the persons listed in the preceding three items.
|
(判決の確定時期)
|
(Time When Judgment Becomes Final and Binding)
|
第百十六条判決は、控訴若しくは上告(第三百二十七条第一項(第三百八十条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)の上告を除く。)の提起、第三百十八条第一項の申立て又は第三百五十七条(第三百六十七条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)若しくは第三百七十八条第一項の規定による異議の申立てについて定めた期間の満了前には、確定しないものとする。
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Article 116(1)A judgment shall not become final and binding until the expiration of a period specified for filing an appeal to the court of second instance or a final appeal (excluding a final appeal set forth in Article 327(1) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 380(2))), filing a petition set forth in Article 318(1) or making an objection under the provision of Article 357 (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 367(2)) or Article 378(1).
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(2)The process of a judgment becoming final and binding shall be interrupted by the filing of an appeal to the court of second instance, filing of a final appeal set forth in the preceding paragraph or filing of a petition or making of an objection set forth in said paragraph within the period set forth in said paragraph.
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(定期金による賠償を命じた確定判決の変更を求める訴え)
|
(Action to Seek Modification of Final and Binding Judgment Ordering Compensation by Periodic Payments)
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第百十七条口頭弁論終結前に生じた損害につき定期金による賠償を命じた確定判決について、口頭弁論終結後に、後遺障害の程度、賃金水準その他の損害額の算定の基礎となった事情に著しい変更が生じた場合には、その判決の変更を求める訴えを提起することができる。ただし、その訴えの提起の日以後に支払期限が到来する定期金に係る部分に限る。
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Article 117(1)Where, with regard to a final and binding judgment ordering compensation by periodic payments for the damage that arose prior to the conclusion of oral argument, any significant change has occurred to the severity of residual disability, wage standards or any other circumstances that were used as the basis for calculation of the amount of damages, an action to seek a modification of the judgment may be filed; provided, however, that this shall apply only to the part of the judgment which pertains to the periodic payments that will become due after the date of filing of the action.
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(外国裁判所の確定判決の効力)
|
(Effect of Final and Binding Judgment Rendered by Foreign Court)
|
第百十八条外国裁判所の確定判決は、次に掲げる要件のすべてを具備する場合に限り、その効力を有する。
|
Article 118A final and binding judgment rendered by a foreign court shall be effective only where it meets all of the following requirements:
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一法令又は条約により外国裁判所の裁判権が認められること。
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(i)The jurisdiction of the foreign court is recognized under laws or regulations or conventions or treaties.
|
二敗訴の被告が訴訟の開始に必要な呼出し若しくは命令の送達(公示送達その他これに類する送達を除く。)を受けたこと又はこれを受けなかったが応訴したこと。
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(ii)The defeated defendant has received a service (excluding a service by publication or any other service similar thereto) of a summons or order necessary for the commencement of the suit, or has appeared without receiving such service.
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三判決の内容及び訴訟手続が日本における公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反しないこと。
|
(iii)The content of the judgment and the court proceedings are not contrary to public policy in Japan.
|
四相互の保証があること。
|
(iv)A mutual guarantee exists.
|
(決定及び命令の告知)
|
(Notice of Order and Direction)
|
第百十九条決定及び命令は、相当と認める方法で告知することによって、その効力を生ずる。
|
Article 119An order and a direction shall become effective when a notice thereof is given by a method that is considered to be appropriate.
|
(訴訟指揮に関する裁判の取消し)
|
(Revocation of Judicial Decision Concerning Control of Court Proceedings)
|
第百二十条訴訟の指揮に関する決定及び命令は、いつでも取り消すことができる。
|
Article 120An order and a direction concerning control of court proceedings may be revoked at any time.
|
(裁判所書記官の処分に対する異議)
|
(Objection to Disposition by Court Clerk)
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第百二十一条裁判所書記官の処分に対する異議の申立てについては、その裁判所書記官の所属する裁判所が、決定で、裁判をする。
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Article 121With regard to an objection to a disposition made by a court clerk, the court to which the court clerk belongs shall make a judicial decision by an order.
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(判決に関する規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Judgment)
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第百二十二条決定及び命令には、その性質に反しない限り、判決に関する規定を準用する。
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Article 122With regard to orders and directions, unless contrary to the nature thereof, the provisions concerning judgments shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(判事補の権限)
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(Powers of Assistant Judge)
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第百二十三条判決以外の裁判は、判事補が単独ですることができる。
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Article 123A judicial decision other than a judgment may be made by an assistant judge independently.
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第六節 訴訟手続の中断及び中止
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Section 6 Discontinuation of Action and Suspension of Court Proceedings
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(訴訟手続の中断及び受継)
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(Discontinuation and Taking Over of Action)
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第百二十四条次の各号に掲げる事由があるときは、訴訟手続は、中断する。この場合においては、それぞれ当該各号に定める者は、訴訟手続を受け継がなければならない。
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Article 124(1)If any of the grounds listed in the following items exist, an action shall be discontinued.In this case, the person specified in the respective items shall take over the action:
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一当事者の死亡相続人、相続財産管理人その他法令により訴訟を続行すべき者
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(i)A party's death:The party's heir, administrator of the inherited property or any other person who should continue the action under laws or regulations
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二当事者である法人の合併による消滅合併によって設立された法人又は合併後存続する法人
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(ii)Extinction by merger of a juridical person who is a party:The juridical person established by the merger or juridical person surviving the merger
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三当事者の訴訟能力の喪失又は法定代理人の死亡若しくは代理権の消滅法定代理人又は訴訟能力を有するに至った当事者
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(iii)A party's loss of capacity to sue or be sued, or a statutory agent's death or extinction of the authority of representation:The party's statutory agent or the party who has acquired the capacity to sue or be sued
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四次のイからハまでに掲げる者の信託に関する任務の終了当該イからハまでに定める者
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(iv)Termination of duties concerning a trust assigned to each of the persons listed in (a) to (c) below:The respective person specified in (a) to (c)
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イ当事者である受託者新たな受託者又は信託財産管理者若しくは信託財産法人管理人
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(a)The trustee who is a party:A new trustee or the administrator of trust property or administrator of incorporated trust property
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ロ当事者である信託財産管理者又は信託財産法人管理人新たな受託者又は新たな信託財産管理者若しくは新たな信託財産法人管理人
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(b)The administrator of trust property or administrator of incorporated trust property who is a party:A new trustee or a new administrator of trust property or new administrator of incorporated trust property
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ハ当事者である信託管理人受益者又は新たな信託管理人
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(c)The trust manager who is a party:The beneficiary or a new trust manager
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五一定の資格を有する者で自己の名で他人のために訴訟の当事者となるものの死亡その他の事由による資格の喪失同一の資格を有する者
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(v)A person who has a certain status and acts as a party to the suit in his/her own name on behalf of another has lost his/her status upon death or on any other grounds:A person who has the same status
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六選定当事者の全員の死亡その他の事由による資格の喪失選定者の全員又は新たな選定当事者
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(vi)All appointed parties' loss of status upon death or on any other grounds:All appointers or a newly appointed party
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一被保佐人又は被補助人が訴訟行為をすることについて保佐人又は補助人の同意を得ることを要しないとき。
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(i)Where the person under curatorship or person under assistance is not required to obtain the consent of the curator or assistant for performing procedural acts.
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二被保佐人又は被補助人が前号に規定する同意を得ることを要する場合において、その同意を得ているとき。
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(ii)Where the person under curatorship or person under assistance is required to obtain the consent prescribed in the preceding item, and has obtained it
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(相手方による受継の申立て)
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(Opponent's Petition for Taking Over of Action)
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第百二十六条訴訟手続の受継の申立ては、相手方もすることができる。
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Article 126A petition for taking over of action may also be filed by the opponent.
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(受継の通知)
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(Notice of Taking Over of Action)
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第百二十七条訴訟手続の受継の申立てがあった場合には、裁判所は、相手方に通知しなければならない。
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Article 127Where a petition for taking over of action is filed, the court shall notify the opponent.
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(受継についての裁判)
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(Judicial Decision on Taking Over of Action)
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第百二十八条訴訟手続の受継の申立てがあった場合には、裁判所は、職権で調査し、理由がないと認めるときは、決定で、その申立てを却下しなければならない。
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Article 128(1)Where a petition for taking over of action is filed, the court, when it finds that the petition is groundless after conducting an examination by its own authority, shall dismiss the petition without prejudice by an order.
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(2)Where a petition is filed for the taking over of an action that has been discontinued after a judgment document or written statement set forth in Article 254(2) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 374(2)) has been served, the court that has made the judgment in question shall make a judicial decision on the petition.
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(職権による続行命令)
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(Order of Continuation by Court's Authority)
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第百二十九条当事者が訴訟手続の受継の申立てをしない場合においても、裁判所は、職権で、訴訟手続の続行を命ずることができる。
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Article 129Even where neither party files a petition for taking over of action, the court, by its own authority, may order continuation of the action.
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(裁判所の職務執行不能による中止)
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(Suspension due to Impossibility of Execution of Duties by Court)
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第百三十条天災その他の事由によって裁判所が職務を行うことができないときは、訴訟手続は、その事由が消滅するまで中止する。
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Article 130If it is impossible for the court to execute its duties due to a natural disaster or any other cause, the court proceedings shall be suspended until such cause ceases to exist.
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(当事者の故障による中止)
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(Suspension due to Problem Affecting Party)
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第百三十一条当事者が不定期間の故障により訴訟手続を続行することができないときは、裁判所は、決定で、その中止を命ずることができる。
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Article 131(1)If it is impossible for a party to continue court proceedings due to a problem which may exist for an uncertain period, the court, by an order, may order suspension of the court proceedings.
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(中断及び中止の効果)
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(Effect of Discontinuation and Suspension)
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第百三十二条判決の言渡しは、訴訟手続の中断中であっても、することができる。
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Article 132(1)A judgment may be rendered even while the action is discontinued.
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第六章 訴えの提起前における証拠収集の処分等
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Chapter VI Disposition of Collection of Evidence prior to Filing of Action, etc.
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(訴えの提起前における照会)
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(Inquiry prior to Filing of Action)
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第百三十二条の二訴えを提起しようとする者が訴えの被告となるべき者に対し訴えの提起を予告する通知を書面でした場合(以下この章において当該通知を「予告通知」という。)には、その予告通知をした者(以下この章において「予告通知者」という。)は、その予告通知を受けた者に対し、その予告通知をした日から四月以内に限り、訴えの提起前に、訴えを提起した場合の主張又は立証を準備するために必要であることが明らかな事項について、相当の期間を定めて、書面で回答するよう、書面で照会をすることができる。ただし、その照会が次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、この限りでない。
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Article 132-2(1)Where a person who intends to file an action has given by means of a document, to the person who is to be the defendant in the action, an advance notice of filing of an action (hereinafter referred to as an "advance notice" in this Chapter), the person who has given the advance notice (hereinafter referred to as the "advance noticer" in this Chapter), within four months after the day on which the advance notice has been given, may specify a reasonable period and make an inquiry by means of a document to the person who has received the advance notice in order to request him/her to make a response by means of a document, before the filing of the action, with regard to the matters that would be obviously necessary for preparing allegations or proof should the action actually be filed; provided, however, that this shall not apply if the inquiry falls under any of the following items:
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一第百六十三条各号のいずれかに該当する照会
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(i)Inquiry that falls under any of the items of Article 163
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二相手方又は第三者の私生活についての秘密に関する事項についての照会であって、これに回答することにより、その相手方又は第三者が社会生活を営むのに支障を生ずるおそれがあるもの
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(ii)Inquiry with regard to the matters concerning a secret on the private life of the opponent or a third party, any response to which would be substantially detrimental to the opponent or the third party in his/her social life
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三相手方又は第三者の営業秘密に関する事項についての照会
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(iii)Inquiry with regard to the matters concerning a trade secret held by the opponent or a third party
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(2)In the case of an inquiry with regard to the matters concerning a secret on the private life of a third party prescribed in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph or a trade secret held by a third party prescribed in item (iii) of said paragraph, these provisions shall not apply where the third party has consented to the opponent making a response to such inquiry.
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Article 132-3(1)When a person who has received the advance notice (hereinafter referred to as a "recipient of advance notice" in this Chapter) has made a response to the advance notice by providing the advance noticer with a document stating the gist of his/her answers regarding the gist of the claim and the points of the dispute set forth in paragraph (3) of the preceding Article that are stated in the document of the advance notice, the recipient of advance notice, within four months after the day on which the advance notice has been given, may specify a reasonable period and make an inquiry by means of a document to the advance noticer in order to request him/her to make a response by means of a document, before the filing of the action, with regard to the matters that would be obviously necessary for preparing allegations or proof should the action actually be filed.In this case, the provisions of the proviso to paragraph (1) of said Article and paragraph (2) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(訴えの提起前における証拠収集の処分)
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(Disposition of Collection of Evidence prior to Filing of Action)
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第百三十二条の四裁判所は、予告通知者又は前条第一項の返答をした被予告通知者の申立てにより、当該予告通知に係る訴えが提起された場合の立証に必要であることが明らかな証拠となるべきものについて、申立人がこれを自ら収集することが困難であると認められるときは、その予告通知又は返答の相手方(以下この章において単に「相手方」という。)の意見を聴いて、訴えの提起前に、その収集に係る次に掲げる処分をすることができる。ただし、その収集に要すべき時間又は嘱託を受けるべき者の負担が不相当なものとなることその他の事情により、相当でないと認めるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 132-4(1)When a petition is filed by an advance noticer or a recipient of advance notice who made a response set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article and it is found that the petitioner has difficulty collecting by him/herself any material as evidence that would be obviously necessary for showing proof should the action pertaining to the advance notice actually be filed, the court, before the filing of the action, may make any of the following dispositions pertaining to such collection of evidence, after hearing opinions of the party to whom the advance notice has been given or the response has been made (hereinafter simply referred to as the "opposite party" in this Chapter); provided, however, that this shall not apply where the court finds it inappropriate to do so on the grounds that the time required for the collection or the burden borne by a person to be commissioned for the collection would be unreasonable:
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一文書(第二百三十一条に規定する物件を含む。以下この章において同じ。)の所持者にその文書の送付を嘱託すること。
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(i)Commissioning the holder of a document (including an object prescribed in Article 231; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Chapter) to send the document
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二必要な調査を官庁若しくは公署、外国の官庁若しくは公署又は学校、商工会議所、取引所その他の団体(次条第一項第二号において「官公署等」という。)に嘱託すること。
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(ii)Commissioning a government agency or public office, a foreign government agency or public office, or a school, chamber of commerce, exchange or any other organization (referred to as a "public agency, etc." in paragraph (1)(ii) of the following Article) to conduct the necessary examination
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三専門的な知識経験を有する者にその専門的な知識経験に基づく意見の陳述を嘱託すること。
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(iii)Commissioning a person who has expert knowledge and experience to state his/her opinions based on such expert knowledge and experience
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四執行官に対し、物の形状、占有関係その他の現況について調査を命ずること。
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(iv)Ordering a court execution officer to conduct an examination on the shape, possession or other current status of an object
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(2)A petition for a disposition set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be filed within an unextendable period of four months from the day on which the advance notice was given; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the opposite party has given consent to the filing of the petition after the expiration of this period.
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(証拠収集の処分の管轄裁判所等)
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(Court with Jurisdiction over Disposition of Collection of Evidence)
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第百三十二条の五次の各号に掲げる処分の申立ては、それぞれ当該各号に定める地を管轄する地方裁判所にしなければならない。
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Article 132-5(1)A petition for a disposition listed in each of the following items shall be filed with the district court that has jurisdiction over the place specified in the respective items:
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一前条第一項第一号の処分の申立て申立人若しくは相手方の普通裁判籍の所在地又は文書を所持する者の居所
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(i)A petition for a disposition set forth in paragraph (1)(i) of the preceding Article:The location of the general venue of the petitioner or the opposite party, or the residence of the holder of the document
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二前条第一項第二号の処分の申立て申立人若しくは相手方の普通裁判籍の所在地又は調査の嘱託を受けるべき官公署等の所在地
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(ii)A petition for a disposition set forth in paragraph (1)(ii) of the preceding Article:The location of the general venue of the petitioner or the opposite party, or the location of the public agency, etc. to be commissioned to conduct the examination
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三前条第一項第三号の処分の申立て申立人若しくは相手方の普通裁判籍の所在地又は特定の物につき意見の陳述の嘱託がされるべき場合における当該特定の物の所在地
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(iii)A petition for a disposition set forth in paragraph (1)(iii) of the preceding Article:The location of the general venue of the petitioner or the opposite party, or the location of the specific object about which a statement of opinions is to be commissioned
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四前条第一項第四号の処分の申立て調査に係る物の所在地
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(iv)A petition for a disposition set forth in paragraph (1)(iv) of the preceding Article:The location of the object pertaining to the examination
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(証拠収集の処分の手続等)
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(Procedure for Disposition of Collection of Evidence, etc.)
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第百三十二条の六裁判所は、第百三十二条の四第一項第一号から第三号までの処分をする場合には、嘱託を受けた者が文書の送付、調査結果の報告又は意見の陳述をすべき期間を定めなければならない。
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Article 132-6(1)The court, when making a disposition set forth in Article 132-4(1)(i) to (iii), shall specify a period during which the person commissioned should send the document, report the examination results or state his/her opinions.
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(4)The court, for use by the petitioner and the opposite party through the procedures specified in the following Article, shall retain the sent document or the document concerning the report of the examination results or statement of opinion within one month from the day on which the notice prescribed in the preceding paragraph was given.
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(5)The provision of Article 180(1) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a disposition set forth in Article 132-4(1), the provision of Article 184(1) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a disposition set forth in Article 132-4(1)(i) to (iii), and the provision of Article 213 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a disposition set forth in Article 132-4(1)(iii).
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(事件の記録の閲覧等)
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(Inspection of Record of Case, etc.)
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第百三十二条の七申立人及び相手方は、裁判所書記官に対し、第百三十二条の四第一項の処分の申立てに係る事件の記録の閲覧若しくは謄写、その正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付又は当該事件に関する事項の証明書の交付を請求することができる。
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Article 132-7(1)The petitioner and the opposite party may make a request to a court clerk for the inspection or copying of the record of a case pertaining to a petition for a disposition set forth in Article 132-4(1), issuance of an authenticated copy, transcript or extract of such record, or issuance of a certificate of matters concerning said case.
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(2)The provisions of Article 91(4) and (5) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the record set forth in the preceding paragraph.In this case, in paragraph (4) of said Article, the term "the preceding paragraph" shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 132-7(1)," and the phrase "a party or a third party who has made a prima facie showing of his/her interest" shall be deemed to be replace with "the petitioner or the opposite party."
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(不服申立ての不許)
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(Non-Permission of Appeal)
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第百三十二条の八第百三十二条の四第一項の処分の申立てについての裁判に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。
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Article 132-8No appeal may be entered against a judicial decision on a petition for a disposition set forth in Article 132-4(1).
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(証拠収集の処分に係る裁判に関する費用の負担)
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(Burden of Costs for Judicial Decision on Disposition of Collection of Evidence)
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第百三十二条の九第百三十二条の四第一項の処分の申立てについての裁判に関する費用は、申立人の負担とする。
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Article 132-9Costs for a judicial decision on a petition for a disposition set forth in Article 132-4(1) shall be borne by the petitioner.
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第七章 電子情報処理組織による申立て等
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Chapter VII Petition, etc. by Means of Electronic Data Processing System
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第百三十二条の十民事訴訟に関する手続における申立てその他の申述(以下「申立て等」という。)のうち、当該申立て等に関するこの法律その他の法令の規定により書面等(書面、書類、文書、謄本、抄本、正本、副本、複本その他文字、図形等人の知覚によって認識することができる情報が記載された紙その他の有体物をいう。以下同じ。)をもってするものとされているものであって、最高裁判所の定める裁判所に対してするもの(当該裁判所の裁判長、受命裁判官、受託裁判官又は裁判所書記官に対してするものを含む。)については、当該法令の規定にかかわらず、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、電子情報処理組織(裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機(入出力装置を含む。以下同じ。)と申立て等をする者又は第三百九十九条第一項の規定による処分の告知を受ける者の使用に係る電子計算機とを電気通信回線で接続した電子情報処理組織をいう。第三百九十七条から第四百一条までにおいて同じ。)を用いてすることができる。ただし、督促手続に関する申立て等であって、支払督促の申立てが書面をもってされたものについては、この限りでない。
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Article 132-10(1)In the case of a petition or any other statement to be filed or made in the procedures for civil suits (hereinafter referred to as a "petition, etc."), which shall be filed or made, pursuant to the provisions of this Code or other laws and regulations concerning such petition, etc. , by means of a document, etc. (meaning a document, a transcript, extract, authenticated copy or duplicate of a document or a duplicate of a bill or note, or any other paper or other tangible object on which information recognizable to human perception such as characters and shapes is stated; the same shall apply hereinafter) to the court specified by the Supreme Court (including one filed or made to the presiding judge, authorized judge, commissioned judge or court clerk of such court), notwithstanding the provisions of said laws and regulations, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, the petition, etc. may be filed or made by means of an electronic data processing system (meaning an electronic data processing system wherein the computer (including input-output devices; the same shall apply hereinafter) used in the court is connected, by way of telecommunication lines, to the computer used by the person who files or makes the petition, etc. or person who receives a notice of a disposition under the provision of Article 399(1); the same shall apply in Article 397 to Article 401); provided, however, that this shall not apply to a petition, etc. on the demand procedure where a petition for demand for payment is filed or made by means of a document.
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(2)With regard to a petition, etc. filed or made pursuant to the provision of the main clause of the preceding paragraph, by deeming it to have been filed or made by means of a document, etc. prescribed in the provisions of laws and regulations concerning a petition, etc. , which provide that the petition, etc. shall be filed or made by means of a document, etc. , the provisions of such laws and regulations concerning a petition, etc. shall be applied.
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(4)In the case referred to in the main clause of paragraph (1), with regard to a petition, etc. for which, pursuant to the provisions of other laws and regulations concerning the petition, etc. , a signature, etc. (meaning a signature, name or seal or otherwise the name stated in a document, etc.; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) is required to be affixed, the person who files or makes such petition, etc. , notwithstanding the provisions of said laws and regulations, in lieu of affixing a signature, etc. , shall take measures to clarify the name, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(5)Where a petition, etc. filed or made pursuant to the provision of the main clause of paragraph (1) (excluding a petition, etc. filed or made in the demand procedure; the same shall apply in the following paragraph) is recorded onto the file prescribed in paragraph (3), the court set forth in paragraph (1) shall output, in the form of a document, the content of the information recorded in said file.
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(6)The inspection or copying of a case record or issuance of an authenticated copy, transcript or extract of a case record under the provisions of Article 91(1) or (3) (referred to as the "inspection, etc. of a case record" in Article 401), which pertains to a petition, etc. filed or made pursuant to the provision of the main clause of paragraph (1), shall be made by means of the document set forth in the preceding paragraph.The same shall apply to serving or sending a document pertaining to such petition, etc.
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第二編 第一審の訴訟手続
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Part II Court Proceedings in First Instance
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第一章 訴え
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Chapter I Action
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(訴え提起の方式)
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(Form of Filing of Action)
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第百三十三条訴えの提起は、訴状を裁判所に提出してしなければならない。
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Article 133(1)An action shall be filed by submitting a complaint to the court.
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一当事者及び法定代理人
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(i)The parties and statutory agents
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二請求の趣旨及び原因
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(ii)The object and statement of the claim
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(証書真否確認の訴え)
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(Action for Declaratory Judgment to Determine Validity of Certificate)
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第百三十四条確認の訴えは、法律関係を証する書面の成立の真否を確定するためにも提起することができる。
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Article 134An action for declaratory judgment may also be filed to determine the validity of a document that certifies legal relationships.
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(将来の給付の訴え)
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(Action for Future Performance)
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第百三十五条将来の給付を求める訴えは、あらかじめその請求をする必要がある場合に限り、提起することができる。
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Article 135An action to seek future performance may be filed only where it is necessary to make a claim therefor in advance.
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(請求の併合)
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(Joinder of Claims)
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第百三十六条数個の請求は、同種の訴訟手続による場合に限り、一の訴えですることができる。
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Article 136Two or more claims, only if they shall be made through the same kind of court proceedings, may be made by filing a single action.
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(裁判長の訴状審査権)
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(Presiding Judge's Authority to Examine Complaint)
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第百三十七条訴状が第百三十三条第二項の規定に違反する場合には、裁判長は、相当の期間を定め、その期間内に不備を補正すべきことを命じなければならない。民事訴訟費用等に関する法律(昭和四十六年法律第四十号)の規定に従い訴えの提起の手数料を納付しない場合も、同様とする。
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Article 137(1)Where a complaint is in violation of the provision of Article 133(2), the presiding judge shall specify a reasonable period and order that such defect should be corrected within that period.The same shall apply where fees for filing an action required under the provisions of the Act on Costs of Civil Procedure (Act No. 40 of 1971) are not paid.
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(訴状の送達)
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(Service of Complaint)
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第百三十八条訴状は、被告に送達しなければならない。
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Article 138(1)The complaint shall be served upon the defendant.
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(口頭弁論期日の指定)
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(Designation of Date for Oral Argument)
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第百三十九条訴えの提起があったときは、裁判長は、口頭弁論の期日を指定し、当事者を呼び出さなければならない。
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Article 139When an action is filed, the presiding judge shall designate the date for oral argument and summon the parties.
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(口頭弁論を経ない訴えの却下)
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(Dismissal of Action without Prejudice, without Oral Argument)
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第百四十条訴えが不適法でその不備を補正することができないときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、訴えを却下することができる。
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Article 140If an action is unlawful and such defect cannot be corrected, the court, by a judgment, may dismiss the action without prejudice, without oral argument.
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(呼出費用の予納がない場合の訴えの却下)
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(Dismissal of Action without Prejudice in the case of No Prepayment of Expenses for Summons)
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第百四十一条裁判所は、民事訴訟費用等に関する法律の規定に従い当事者に対する期日の呼出しに必要な費用の予納を相当の期間を定めて原告に命じた場合において、その予納がないときは、被告に異議がない場合に限り、決定で、訴えを却下することができる。
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Article 141(1)Where the court has specified a reasonable period and ordered the plaintiff to prepay, under the provisions of the Act on Costs of Civil Procedure, expenses necessary for issuing a summons to the parties to appear on the appearance date, but such expenses are not prepaid, the court, by an order, may dismiss the action without prejudice if the defendant has no objection.
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(重複する訴えの提起の禁止)
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(Prohibition of Filing of Overlapping Actions)
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第百四十二条裁判所に係属する事件については、当事者は、更に訴えを提起することができない。
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Article 142With regard to a case pending before the court, neither party to the case may file another action.
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(訴えの変更)
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(Amendment of Claim)
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第百四十三条原告は、請求の基礎に変更がない限り、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、請求又は請求の原因を変更することができる。ただし、これにより著しく訴訟手続を遅滞させることとなるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 143(1)The plaintiff, unless there is any change to the basis for a claim, may amend the claim or statement of claim until oral argument is concluded; provided, however, that this shall not apply where such amendment would substantially delay the court proceedings.
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(選定者に係る請求の追加)
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(Addition of Claim Pertaining to Appointers)
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第百四十四条第三十条第三項の規定による原告となるべき者の選定があった場合には、その者は、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、その選定者のために請求の追加をすることができる。
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Article 144(1)Where a party to stand as a plaintiff is appointed under the provision of Article 30(3), such party may add a claim in the interest of the appointers until oral argument is concluded.
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(中間確認の訴え)
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(Action for Interlocutory Declaration)
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第百四十五条裁判が訴訟の進行中に争いとなっている法律関係の成立又は不成立に係るときは、当事者は、請求を拡張して、その法律関係の確認の判決を求めることができる。ただし、その確認の請求が他の裁判所の専属管轄(当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。)に属するときは、この限りでない。
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Article 145(1)If a judicial decision which is sought in a suit relates to the validity or invalidity of the legal relationships that are in dispute in the process of the suit, a party may expand his/her claim and seek a declaratory judgment on such legal relationships; provided, however, that this shall not apply where such claim for declaration is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court (excluding one determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provision of Article 11).
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(2)Where the suit set forth in the preceding paragraph is pending before the court specified in any of the items of Article 6(1), if the claim for declaration set forth in the preceding paragraph is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of said Article, the provision of the proviso to the preceding paragraph shall not apply.
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(反訴)
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(Counterclaim)
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第百四十六条被告は、本訴の目的である請求又は防御の方法と関連する請求を目的とする場合に限り、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、本訴の係属する裁判所に反訴を提起することができる。ただし、次に掲げる場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 146(1)The plaintiff, only for the purpose of making a claim relevant to the claim that is the subject matter of the principal action or to the allegations and evidence for defense, may file a counterclaim with the court where the principal action is pending, until oral argument is concluded; provided, however, that this shall not apply in the following cases:
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一反訴の目的である請求が他の裁判所の専属管轄(当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。)に属するとき。
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(i)Where the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court (excluding one determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provision of Article 11).
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二反訴の提起により著しく訴訟手続を遅滞させることとなるとき。
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(ii)Where the filing of a counterclaim would substantially delay the court proceedings.
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(2)Where the principal action is pending before the court specified in any of the items of Article 6(1), if the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of said Article, the provision of item (i) of the preceding paragraph shall not apply.
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(時効中断等の効力発生の時期)
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(Time When Interruption of Prescription, etc. Becomes Effective)
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第百四十七条時効の中断又は法律上の期間の遵守のために必要な裁判上の請求は、訴えを提起した時又は第百四十三条第二項(第百四十四条第三項及び第百四十五条第三項において準用する場合を含む。)の書面を裁判所に提出した時に、その効力を生ずる。
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Article 147A demand by litigation necessary for the interruption of the prescription or observance of a statutory term shall become effective when an action is filed or when a document set forth in Article 143(2) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 144(3) or Article 145(3)) is submitted to the court.
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第二章 計画審理
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Chapter II Well-Organized Proceedings
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(訴訟手続の計画的進行)
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(Well-Organized Progress of Court Proceedings)
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第百四十七条の二裁判所及び当事者は、適正かつ迅速な審理の実現のため、訴訟手続の計画的な進行を図らなければならない。
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Article 147-2The court and the parties, in order to achieve proper and prompt trial, shall ensure the well-organized progress of court proceedings.
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(審理の計画)
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(Plan for Trial)
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第百四十七条の三裁判所は、審理すべき事項が多数であり又は錯そうしているなど事件が複雑であることその他の事情によりその適正かつ迅速な審理を行うため必要があると認められるときは、当事者双方と協議をし、その結果を踏まえて審理の計画を定めなければならない。
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Article 147-3(1)The court, when it finds it necessary in order to achieve a proper and prompt trial in light of the complexity of a case which involves a number of or complicated matters to be examined or any other circumstances concerned, shall consult with both parties and formulate a plan for trial based on the outcome of the consultation.
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一争点及び証拠の整理を行う期間
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(i)A period for arranging issues and evidence
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二証人及び当事者本人の尋問を行う期間
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(ii)A period for examining witnesses and the parties themselves
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三口頭弁論の終結及び判決の言渡しの予定時期
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(iii)A schedule of timing for concluding oral argument and rendering a judgment
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(4)The court, when it finds it necessary while taking into consideration the existing status of a trial, the status of each party's conduct of the suit and any other circumstances concerned, shall consult with both parties and modify the plan for trial set forth in paragraph (1) based on the outcome of the consultation.
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第三章 口頭弁論及びその準備
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Chapter III Oral Argument and Preparation Thereof
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第一節 口頭弁論
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Section 1 Oral Argument
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(裁判長の訴訟指揮権)
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(Presiding Judge's Control of Court Proceedings)
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第百四十八条口頭弁論は、裁判長が指揮する。
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Article 148(1)Oral argument shall be directed by the presiding judge.
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(釈明権等)
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(Authority to Ask for Explanation, etc.)
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第百四十九条裁判長は、口頭弁論の期日又は期日外において、訴訟関係を明瞭にするため、事実上及び法律上の事項に関し、当事者に対して問いを発し、又は立証を促すことができる。
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Article 149(1)The presiding judge, on the date for oral argument or a date other than that date, in order to clarify the matters related to the suit, may ask questions of a party or encourage him/her to show proof with regard to factual or legal matters.
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(4)If the presiding judge or associate judge, on the date other than the date for oral argument, has taken the measures under the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) with regard to a matter which could cause a material change to a party's allegations or evidence, he/she shall notify the opponent of the content of such change.
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(訴訟指揮等に対する異議)
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(Objection to Control of Court Proceedings, etc.)
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第百五十条当事者が、口頭弁論の指揮に関する裁判長の命令又は前条第一項若しくは第二項の規定による裁判長若しくは陪席裁判官の処置に対し、異議を述べたときは、裁判所は、決定で、その異議について裁判をする。
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Article 150When a party has made an objection to a direction issued by the presiding judge with regard to the control of oral argument or the measure taken by the presiding judge or associate judge under the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, the court, by an order, shall make a judicial decision on such objection.
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(釈明処分)
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(Disposition for Explanation)
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第百五十一条裁判所は、訴訟関係を明瞭にするため、次に掲げる処分をすることができる。
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Article 151(1)The court, in order to clarify the matters related to the suit, may make the following dispositions:
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一当事者本人又はその法定代理人に対し、口頭弁論の期日に出頭することを命ずること。
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(i)Ordering a party him/herself or his/her statutory agent to appear on the date for oral argument
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二口頭弁論の期日において、当事者のため事務を処理し、又は補助する者で裁判所が相当と認めるものに陳述をさせること。
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(ii)Requesting a person, who administers affairs on behalf of a party or assists a party and whom the court considers to be appropriate, to make statements on the date for oral argument
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三訴訟書類又は訴訟において引用した文書その他の物件で当事者の所持するものを提出させること。
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(iii)Requesting the submission of case documents or documents or other objects cited in the suit, which are held by a party
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四当事者又は第三者の提出した文書その他の物件を裁判所に留め置くこと。
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(iv)Retaining a document or other object submitted by a party or a third party at court
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五検証をし、又は鑑定を命ずること。
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(v)Conducting a observation or ordering expert testimony
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六調査を嘱託すること。
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(vi)Commissioning an examination
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(口頭弁論の併合等)
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(Consolidation of Oral Arguments, etc.)
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第百五十二条裁判所は、口頭弁論の制限、分離若しくは併合を命じ、又はその命令を取り消すことができる。
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Article 152(1)The court may order the restriction, separation or consolidation of oral arguments, or revoke such order.
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(口頭弁論の再開)
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(Resumption of Oral Argument)
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第百五十三条裁判所は、終結した口頭弁論の再開を命ずることができる。
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Article 153The court may order resumption of the oral argument that is concluded.
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(通訳人の立会い等)
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(Attendance of Interpreter, etc.)
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第百五十四条口頭弁論に関与する者が日本語に通じないとき、又は耳が聞こえない者若しくは口がきけない者であるときは、通訳人を立ち会わせる。ただし、耳が聞こえない者又は口がきけない者には、文字で問い、又は陳述をさせることができる。
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Article 154(1)If a person who participates in oral argument is unable to communicate in Japanese, or unable to hear or speak, an interpreter shall attend the oral argument; provided, however, that in the case of a person who is unable to hear or speak, it shall be permissible to ask questions of him/her or have him/her make statements by means of writing.
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(弁論能力を欠く者に対する措置)
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(Measures for Person Without Ability to Participate in Oral Argument)
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第百五十五条裁判所は、訴訟関係を明瞭にするために必要な陳述をすることができない当事者、代理人又は補佐人の陳述を禁じ、口頭弁論の続行のため新たな期日を定めることができる。
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Article 155(1)The court may prohibit a party, agent or assistant in court, who is unable to make the statements necessary to clarify the matters related to the suit, from making statements, and specify another date for continuance of oral argument.
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(攻撃防御方法の提出時期)
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(Time for Advancement of Allegations and Evidence)
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第百五十六条攻撃又は防御の方法は、訴訟の進行状況に応じ適切な時期に提出しなければならない。
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Article 156Allegations and evidence shall be advanced at an appropriate time depending on the status of progress of the suit.
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(審理の計画が定められている場合の攻撃防御方法の提出期間)
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(Time for Advancement of Allegations and Evidence Where Plan for Trial Is Formulated)
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第百五十六条の二第百四十七条の三第一項の審理の計画に従った訴訟手続の進行上必要があると認めるときは、裁判長は、当事者の意見を聴いて、特定の事項についての攻撃又は防御の方法を提出すべき期間を定めることができる。
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Article 156-2The presiding judge, when he/she finds it necessary for the progress of court proceedings based on a plan for trial set forth in Article 147-3(1), may specify a period for advancing allegations and evidence on a specific matter, after hearing opinions of the parties.
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(時機に後れた攻撃防御方法の却下等)
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(Dismissal of Allegations or Evidence Advanced Outside the Appropriate Time)
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第百五十七条当事者が故意又は重大な過失により時機に後れて提出した攻撃又は防御の方法については、これにより訴訟の完結を遅延させることとなると認めたときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、却下の決定をすることができる。
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Article 157(1)With regard to allegations or evidence that a party has advanced outside the appropriate time intentionally or by gross negligence, the court, when it finds that such allegations or evidence will delay the conclusion of the suit, may make an order of dismissal upon petition or by its own authority.
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(審理の計画が定められている場合の攻撃防御方法の却下)
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(Dismissal of Allegations or Evidence Where Plan for Trial Is Formulated)
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第百五十七条の二第百四十七条の三第三項又は第百五十六条の二(第百七十条第五項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定により特定の事項についての攻撃又は防御の方法を提出すべき期間が定められている場合において、当事者がその期間の経過後に提出した攻撃又は防御の方法については、これにより審理の計画に従った訴訟手続の進行に著しい支障を生ずるおそれがあると認めたときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、却下の決定をすることができる。ただし、その当事者がその期間内に当該攻撃又は防御の方法を提出することができなかったことについて相当の理由があることを疎明したときは、この限りでない。
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Article 157-2Where a period for advancing allegations and evidence on a specific matter is specified pursuant to the provisions of Article 147-3(3) or Article 156-2 (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 170(5)), if the court, with regard to allegations or evidence that a party has advanced after the expiration of such period, finds that such allegations or evidence will be substantially detrimental to the progress of court proceedings based on the plan for trial, it may make an order of dismissal upon petition or by its own authority; provided, however, that this shall not apply where such party has made a prima facie showing to the effect that he/she has reasonable grounds for having been unable to advance the allegations or evidence within that period.
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(訴状等の陳述の擬制)
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(Constructive Statements in Complaint, etc.)
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第百五十八条原告又は被告が最初にすべき口頭弁論の期日に出頭せず、又は出頭したが本案の弁論をしないときは、裁判所は、その者が提出した訴状又は答弁書その他の準備書面に記載した事項を陳述したものとみなし、出頭した相手方に弁論をさせることができる。
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Article 158If a plaintiff or defendant does not appear on the date for his/her first oral argument or appears on that date but does not present any oral arguments on merits, the court may deem the plaintiff or defendant to have stated matters as stated in the complaint or written answer or any other brief that he/she has submitted, and have the opponent who has appeared on that date present oral arguments.
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(自白の擬制)
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(Constructive Admission)
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第百五十九条当事者が口頭弁論において相手方の主張した事実を争うことを明らかにしない場合には、その事実を自白したものとみなす。ただし、弁論の全趣旨により、その事実を争ったものと認めるべきときは、この限りでない。
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Article 159(1)Where a party, at oral argument, does not make it clear that he/she denies the fact alleged by the opponent, he/she shall be deemed to have admitted such fact; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the party, when taking the entire import of the oral argument into consideration, is found to have denied such fact.
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(口頭弁論調書)
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(Record of Oral Argument)
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第百六十条裁判所書記官は、口頭弁論について、期日ごとに調書を作成しなければならない。
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Article 160(1)A court clerk shall prepare a record of oral argument for each date for oral argument.
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第二節 準備書面等
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Section 2 Brief, etc.
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(準備書面)
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(Brief)
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第百六十一条口頭弁論は、書面で準備しなければならない。
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Article 161(1)Oral argument shall be prepared by means of a document.
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一攻撃又は防御の方法
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(i)Allegations and evidence
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二相手方の請求及び攻撃又は防御の方法に対する陳述
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(ii)Statements on the opponent's claim and allegations and evidence
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(準備書面等の提出期間)
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(Period for Submission of Brief, etc.)
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第百六十二条裁判長は、答弁書若しくは特定の事項に関する主張を記載した準備書面の提出又は特定の事項に関する証拠の申出をすべき期間を定めることができる。
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Article 162The presiding judge may specify a period for submitting a written answer or a brief stating an allegation on a specific matter or for offering evidence on a specific matter.
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(当事者照会)
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(Inquiry to Opponent)
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第百六十三条当事者は、訴訟の係属中、相手方に対し、主張又は立証を準備するために必要な事項について、相当の期間を定めて、書面で回答するよう、書面で照会をすることができる。ただし、その照会が次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、この限りでない。
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Article 163A party, while the suit is pending, may specify a reasonable period and make an inquiry by means of a document to the opponent in order to request the opponent to make a response by means of a document with regard to the matters necessary for preparing allegations or proof; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the inquiry falls under any of the following items:
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一具体的又は個別的でない照会
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(i)Inquiry that is not specific or individual
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二相手方を侮辱し、又は困惑させる照会
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(ii)Inquiry that insults or confuses the opponent
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三既にした照会と重複する照会
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(iii)Inquiry that overlaps with any previous inquiry
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四意見を求める照会
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(iv)Inquiry to ask opinions
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五相手方が回答するために不相当な費用又は時間を要する照会
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(v)Inquiry for which the opponent is required to spend unreasonable expenses or time to make a response
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六第百九十六条又は第百九十七条の規定により証言を拒絶することができる事項と同様の事項についての照会
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(vi)Inquiry on the matters that are the same as the matters about which a witness may refuse to testify pursuant to the provisions of Article 196 or Article 197
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第三節 争点及び証拠の整理手続
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Section 3 Proceedings to Arrange Issues and Evidence
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第一款 準備的口頭弁論
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Subsection 1 Preliminary Oral Arguments
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(準備的口頭弁論の開始)
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(Commencement of Preliminary Oral Arguments)
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第百六十四条裁判所は、争点及び証拠の整理を行うため必要があると認めるときは、この款に定めるところにより、準備的口頭弁論を行うことができる。
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Article 164The court, when it finds it necessary in order to arrange issues and evidence, may execute preliminary oral arguments as provided for in this Subsection.
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(証明すべき事実の確認等)
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(Confirmation on Facts to Be Proven, etc.)
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第百六十五条裁判所は、準備的口頭弁論を終了するに当たり、その後の証拠調べにより証明すべき事実を当事者との間で確認するものとする。
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Article 165(1)The court, upon closing preliminary oral arguments, shall confirm, with the parties, the facts to be proven through the subsequent examination of evidence.
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(当事者の不出頭等による終了)
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(Close of Proceedings due to Non-Appearance of Party)
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第百六十六条当事者が期日に出頭せず、又は第百六十二条の規定により定められた期間内に準備書面の提出若しくは証拠の申出をしないときは、裁判所は、準備的口頭弁論を終了することができる。
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Article 166If a party does not appear on the appearance date or does not submit a brief or offer evidence within the period specified pursuant to the provision of Article 162, the court may close the preliminary oral arguments.
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(準備的口頭弁論終了後の攻撃防御方法の提出)
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(Advancement of Allegations and Evidence after Close of Preliminary Oral Arguments)
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第百六十七条準備的口頭弁論の終了後に攻撃又は防御の方法を提出した当事者は、相手方の求めがあるときは、相手方に対し、準備的口頭弁論の終了前にこれを提出することができなかった理由を説明しなければならない。
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Article 167A party who has advanced allegations or evidence after the close of preliminary oral arguments, upon the request of the opponent, shall explain to the opponent the reasons why he/she was unable to advance the allegations or evidence prior to the close of preliminary oral arguments.
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第二款 弁論準備手続
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Subsection 2 Preparatory Proceedings
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(弁論準備手続の開始)
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(Commencement of Preparatory Proceedings)
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第百六十八条裁判所は、争点及び証拠の整理を行うため必要があると認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、事件を弁論準備手続に付することができる。
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Article 168The court, when it finds it necessary in order to arrange issues and evidence, may refer a case to preparatory proceedings, after hearing opinions of the parties.
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(弁論準備手続の期日)
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(Date for Preparatory Proceedings)
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第百六十九条弁論準備手続は、当事者双方が立ち会うことができる期日において行う。
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Article 169(1)Preparatory proceedings shall be conducted on a date on which both parties can attend.
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(弁論準備手続における訴訟行為等)
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(Procedural Acts in Preparatory Proceedings, etc.)
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第百七十条裁判所は、当事者に準備書面を提出させることができる。
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Article 170(1)The court may have each party submit a brief.
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(3)When a party lives in a remote place or the court finds it appropriate for any other reasons, the court, after hearing opinions of the parties, may conduct proceedings on the date for preparatory proceedings, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, by a method that enables the court and both parties to simultaneously communicate with one another by audio transmissions; provided, however, that this shall apply only where either party appears on that date.
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(受命裁判官による弁論準備手続)
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(Preparatory Proceedings by Authorized Judge)
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第百七十一条裁判所は、受命裁判官に弁論準備手続を行わせることができる。
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Article 171(1)The court may have an authorized judge conduct preparatory proceedings.
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(2)Where an authorized judge conducts preparatory proceedings, the duties of the court and the presiding judge under the provisions of the preceding two Articles (excluding the duty to make a judicial decision prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article) shall be performed by the authorized judge; provided, however, that a judicial decision on an objection under the provision of Article 150 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (5) of said Article and a judicial decision on dismissal under the provision of Article 157-2 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to said paragraph shall be made by the court in charge of the case.
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(3)An authorized judge who conducts preparatory proceedings may make a judicial decision on the commission of an examination under the provision of Article 186, commission of expert testimony, request for examination of documentary evidence made by submitting documents (including the objects prescribed in Article 231) and commission of the sending of documents (including the objects prescribed in Article 229(2) and Article 231).
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(弁論準備手続に付する裁判の取消し)
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(Revocation of Judicial Decision to Refer to Preparatory Proceedings)
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第百七十二条裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、弁論準備手続に付する裁判を取り消すことができる。ただし、当事者双方の申立てがあるときは、これを取り消さなければならない。
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Article 172The court, when it finds it appropriate, upon petition or by its own authority, may revoke a judicial decision to refer to preparatory proceedings; provided, however, that the court shall revoke the judicial decision upon the petition of both parties.
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(弁論準備手続の結果の陳述)
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(Statement of Outcome of Preparatory Proceedings)
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第百七十三条当事者は、口頭弁論において、弁論準備手続の結果を陳述しなければならない。
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Article 173The parties, at oral argument, shall state the outcome of preparatory proceedings.
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(弁論準備手続終結後の攻撃防御方法の提出)
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(Advancement of Allegations and Evidence after Close of Preparatory Proceedings)
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第百七十四条第百六十七条の規定は、弁論準備手続の終結後に攻撃又は防御の方法を提出した当事者について準用する。
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Article 174The provision of Article 167 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a party who has advanced allegations or evidence after the close of preparatory proceedings.
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第三款 書面による準備手続
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Subsection 3 Preparatory Proceedings by Means of Documents
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(書面による準備手続の開始)
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(Commencement of Preparatory Proceedings by Means of Documents)
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第百七十五条裁判所は、当事者が遠隔の地に居住しているときその他相当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、事件を書面による準備手続(当事者の出頭なしに準備書面の提出等により争点及び証拠の整理をする手続をいう。以下同じ。)に付することができる。
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Article 175The court, when a party lives in a remote place or it finds it appropriate for any other reasons, may refer a case to preparatory proceedings by means of documents (meaning proceedings for arranging issues and evidence through the submission of briefs, etc., without the appearance of the parties; the same shall apply hereinafter).
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(書面による準備手続の方法等)
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(Method of Preparatory Proceedings by Means of Documents, etc.)
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第百七十六条書面による準備手続は、裁判長が行う。ただし、高等裁判所においては、受命裁判官にこれを行わせることができる。
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Article 176(1)Preparatory proceedings by means of documents shall be conducted by the presiding judge; provided, however, that a high court may have an authorized judge conduct the proceedings.
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(3)The presiding judge, etc. , when he/she finds it necessary, may consult both parties with regard to the matters concerning the arrangement of issues and evidence or any other matters necessary for oral argument, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, by a method that enables the court and both parties to communicate simultaneously with one another by audio transmissions.In this case, the presiding judge, etc. may have a court clerk record the outcome of the consultation.
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(証明すべき事実の確認)
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(Confirmation on Facts to Be Proven)
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第百七十七条裁判所は、書面による準備手続の終結後の口頭弁論の期日において、その後の証拠調べによって証明すべき事実を当事者との間で確認するものとする。
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Article 177The court, on the date for oral argument held after the close of preparatory proceedings by means of documents, shall confirm, with the parties, the facts to be proven through the subsequent examination of evidence.
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(書面による準備手続終結後の攻撃防御方法の提出)
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(Advancement of Allegations and Evidence after Close of Preparatory Proceedings by means of Documents)
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第百七十八条書面による準備手続を終結した事件について、口頭弁論の期日において、第百七十六条第四項において準用する第百六十五条第二項の書面に記載した事項の陳述がされ、又は前条の規定による確認がされた後に攻撃又は防御の方法を提出した当事者は、相手方の求めがあるときは、相手方に対し、その陳述又は確認前にこれを提出することができなかった理由を説明しなければならない。
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Article 178Where a party, in a case for which preparatory proceedings by means of documents are closed, has advanced allegations or evidence after, on the date for oral argument, statements were made on the matters as stated in the document set forth in Article 165(2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 176(4) or confirmation was made pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article, that party, at the request of the opponent, shall explain to the opponent the reasons why he/she was unable to advance the allegations or evidence prior to the statements or confirmation being made.
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第四章 証拠
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Chapter IV Evidence
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第一節 総則
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Section 1 General Provisions
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(証明することを要しない事実)
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(Facts Not Required to Be Proven)
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第百七十九条裁判所において当事者が自白した事実及び顕著な事実は、証明することを要しない。
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Article 179Facts admitted by a party before a court and obvious facts shall not be required to be proven.
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(証拠の申出)
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(Offer of Evidence)
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第百八十条証拠の申出は、証明すべき事実を特定してしなければならない。
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Article 180(1)Evidence shall be offered by specifying the fact to be proven thereby.
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(証拠調べを要しない場合)
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(Where Examination of Evidence Is Not Required)
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第百八十一条裁判所は、当事者が申し出た証拠で必要でないと認めるものは、取り調べることを要しない。
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Article 181(1)The court shall not be required to examine evidence offered by a party that the court considers to be unnecessary.
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(集中証拠調べ)
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(Intensive Examination of Witnesses and Parties)
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第百八十二条証人及び当事者本人の尋問は、できる限り、争点及び証拠の整理が終了した後に集中して行わなければならない。
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Article 182The examination of witnesses and the parties themselves shall be conducted as intensively as possible after the arrangement of issues and evidence has been completed.
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(当事者の不出頭の場合の取扱い)
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(In Cases of Non-Appearance of Party)
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第百八十三条証拠調べは、当事者が期日に出頭しない場合においても、することができる。
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Article 183The examination of evidence may be conducted even where neither party appears on the date for oral argument.
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(外国における証拠調べ)
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(Examination of Evidence in Foreign State)
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第百八十四条外国においてすべき証拠調べは、その国の管轄官庁又はその国に駐在する日本の大使、公使若しくは領事に嘱託してしなければならない。
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Article 184(1)The examination of evidence to be conducted in a foreign state shall be commissioned to the competent government agency of that state or the Japanese ambassador, minister or consul stationed in that state.
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(裁判所外における証拠調べ)
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(Examination of Evidence Out of Court)
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第百八十五条裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、裁判所外において証拠調べをすることができる。この場合においては、合議体の構成員に命じ、又は地方裁判所若しくは簡易裁判所に嘱託して証拠調べをさせることができる。
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Article 185(1)The court, when it finds it appropriate, may examine evidence out of court.In this case, it may order a member of a panel of judges or commission a district court or summary court to examine evidence.
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(調査の嘱託)
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(Commission of Examination)
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第百八十六条裁判所は、必要な調査を官庁若しくは公署、外国の官庁若しくは公署又は学校、商工会議所、取引所その他の団体に嘱託することができる。
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Article 186The court may commission a government agency or public office, a foreign government agency or public office, or school, chamber of commerce, exchange or any other organization to conduct a necessary examination.
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(参考人等の審尋)
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(Interrogation of Witness, etc.)
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第百八十七条裁判所は、決定で完結すべき事件について、参考人又は当事者本人を審尋することができる。ただし、参考人については、当事者が申し出た者に限る。
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Article 187(1)The court, with regard to a case to be concluded by an order, may interrogate a witness or a party him/herself; provided, however, that witnesses to be interrogated shall be limited to those requested by a party.
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(疎明)
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(Prima Facie Showing)
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第百八十八条疎明は、即時に取り調べることができる証拠によってしなければならない。
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Article 188A prima facie showing shall be made by evidence that can be examined immediately.
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(過料の裁判の執行)
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(Execution of Judicial Decision of Non-Penal Fine)
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第百八十九条この章の規定による過料の裁判は、検察官の命令で執行する。この命令は、執行力のある債務名義と同一の効力を有する。
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Article 189(1)A judicial decision of a non-penal fine under the provisions of this Chapter shall be executed by an order of a public prosecutor.This order shall have the same effect as an enforceable title of obligation.
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(2)A judicial decision of a non-penal fine shall be executed pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Execution Act (Act No. 4 of 1979) and other laws and regulations concerning a procedure for compulsory execution; provided, however, that it shall not be necessary to make a service of the judicial decision before executing it.
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(4)Where, after a judicial decision of a non-penal fine has been executed, an immediate appeal is filed against said judicial decision (hereinafter referred to as the "judicial decision of prior instance" in this paragraph), if the court in charge of the appeal finds that said immediate appeal is well-grounded and makes another judicial decision of a non-penal fine by revoking the judicial decision of prior instance, it shall be deemed that the latter judicial decision of a non-penal fine is executed to the extent of the amount of the non-penal fine already executed.In this case, if the amount obtained as a result of execution of the judicial decision of prior instance exceeds the amount of the latter non-penal fine, such amount in excess shall be refunded.
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第二節 証人尋問
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Section 2 Examination of Witness
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(証人義務)
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(Witness's Obligation)
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第百九十条裁判所は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、何人でも証人として尋問することができる。
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Article 190The court, except as otherwise provided, may examine any person as a witness.
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(公務員の尋問)
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(Examination of Public Officer)
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第百九十一条公務員又は公務員であった者を証人として職務上の秘密について尋問する場合には、裁判所は、当該監督官庁(衆議院若しくは参議院の議員又はその職にあった者についてはその院、内閣総理大臣その他の国務大臣又はその職にあった者については内閣)の承認を得なければならない。
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Article 191(1)When examining, as a witness, a public officer or a person who was a public officer with regard to any secrets in relation to his/her duties, the court shall obtain approval of the supervisory government agency concerned (in the case of a member of the House of Representatives or House of Councillors or a person who held such post, the respective House; in the case of the Prime Minister or any other Minister of State or a person who held such post, the Cabinet).
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(不出頭に対する過料等)
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(Non-Penal Fine for Non-Appearance, etc.)
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第百九十二条証人が正当な理由なく出頭しないときは、裁判所は、決定で、これによって生じた訴訟費用の負担を命じ、かつ、十万円以下の過料に処する。
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Article 192(1)If a witness does not appear without justifiable grounds, the court shall make an order to the effect that he/she shall bear any court costs incurred from the non-appearance, and punish him/her by a non-penal fine of not more than 100,000 yen.
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(不出頭に対する罰金等)
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(Fine for Non-Appearance, etc.)
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第百九十三条証人が正当な理由なく出頭しないときは、十万円以下の罰金又は拘留に処する。
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Article 193(1)If a witness does not appear without justifiable grounds, he/she shall be punished by a fine of not more than 100,000 yen or misdemeanor imprisonment without work.
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(勾引)
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(Subpoena)
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第百九十四条裁判所は、正当な理由なく出頭しない証人の勾引を命ずることができる。
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Article 194(1)The court may order subpoena of a witness who does not appear without justifiable grounds.
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(受命裁判官等による証人尋問)
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(Examination of Witness by Authorized Judge, etc.)
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第百九十五条裁判所は、次に掲げる場合に限り、受命裁判官又は受託裁判官に裁判所外で証人の尋問をさせることができる。
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Article 195The court, only in the following cases, may have an authorized judge or commissioned judge examine a witness out of court:
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一証人が受訴裁判所に出頭する義務がないとき、又は正当な理由により出頭することができないとき。
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(i)Where the witness does not have an obligation to appear before the court in charge of the case, or is unable to appear before that court for justifiable grounds.
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二証人が受訴裁判所に出頭するについて不相当な費用又は時間を要するとき。
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(ii)Where the witness is required to spend undue expenses or time to appear before the court in charge of the case.
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三現場において証人を尋問することが事実を発見するために必要であるとき。
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(iii)Where it is necessary to examine the witness at the scene relating to the dispute in order to discover a fact.
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四当事者に異議がないとき。
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(iv)Where neither party has any objection.
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(証言拒絶権)
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(Right of Refusal to Testify)
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第百九十六条証言が証人又は証人と次に掲げる関係を有する者が刑事訴追を受け、又は有罪判決を受けるおそれがある事項に関するときは、証人は、証言を拒むことができる。証言がこれらの者の名誉を害すべき事項に関するときも、同様とする。
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Article 196If a witness's testimony relates to matters for which the witness him/herself or a person who has any of the following relationships with him/her is likely to be subject to criminal prosecution or conviction, the witness may refuse to testify.The same shall apply where his/her testimony relates to matters that would harm the reputation of such persons:
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一配偶者、四親等内の血族若しくは三親等内の姻族の関係にあり、又はあったこと。
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(i)A person who is or was the witness's spouse, relative by blood within the fourth degree or relative through marriage within the third degree
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二後見人と被後見人の関係にあること。
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(ii)A person who is the witness's guardian or a person under the guardianship of the witness
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一第百九十一条第一項の場合
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(i)The case set forth in Article 191(1)
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二医師、歯科医師、薬剤師、医薬品販売業者、助産師、弁護士(外国法事務弁護士を含む。)、弁理士、弁護人、公証人、宗教、祈祷若しくは祭祀の職にある者又はこれらの職にあった者が職務上知り得た事実で黙秘すべきものについて尋問を受ける場合
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(ii)Cases where a doctor, dentist, pharmacist, pharmaceuticals distributor, birthing assistant, attorney at law (including a registered foreign lawyer), patent attorney, defense counsel, notary or person engaged in a religious occupation, or a person who was any of these professionals is examined with regard to any fact which they have learnt in the course of their duties and which should be kept secret
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三技術又は職業の秘密に関する事項について尋問を受ける場合
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(iii)Cases where the witness is examined with regard to matters concerning technical or professional secrets
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(証言拒絶の理由の疎明)
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(Prima Facie Showing of Reasons for Refusal to Testify)
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第百九十八条証言拒絶の理由は、疎明しなければならない。
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Article 198A witness shall make a prima facie showing of the reasons for his/her refusal to testify.
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(証言拒絶についての裁判)
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(Judicial Decision on Refusal to Testify)
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第百九十九条第百九十七条第一項第一号の場合を除き、証言拒絶の当否については、受訴裁判所が、当事者を審尋して、決定で、裁判をする。
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Article 199(1)Except in the case referred to in Article 197(1)(i), with regard to whether or not a witness's refusal to testify is appropriate, the court in charge of the case shall make a judicial decision by an order, after interrogating the party(ies).
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(証言拒絶に対する制裁)
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(Sanction against Refusal to Testify)
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第二百条第百九十二条及び第百九十三条の規定は、証言拒絶を理由がないとする裁判が確定した後に証人が正当な理由なく証言を拒む場合について準用する。
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Article 200The provisions of Article 192 and Article 193 shall apply mutatis mutandis where a witness, after a judicial decision finding that his/her refusal to testify is groundless has become final and binding, still refuses to testify without justifiable grounds.
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(宣誓)
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(Oath)
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第二百一条証人には、特別の定めがある場合を除き、宣誓をさせなければならない。
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Article 201(1)The court, except as otherwise provided, shall have a witness swear under oath.
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(5)The provisions of Article 198 and Article 199 shall apply mutatis mutandis where a witness refuses to swear under oath, and the provisions of Article 192 and Article 193 shall apply mutatis mutandis where a witness, after a judicial decision finding that his/her refusal to testify is groundless has become final and binding, still refuses to testify without justifiable grounds.
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(尋問の順序)
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(Order of Examination)
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第二百二条証人の尋問は、その尋問の申出をした当事者、他の当事者、裁判長の順序でする。
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Article 202(1)A witness shall be examined by the party who has requested the examination, the other party, and the presiding judge, in that order.
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(書類に基づく陳述の禁止)
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(Prohibition of Statements based on Documents)
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第二百三条証人は、書類に基づいて陳述することができない。ただし、裁判長の許可を受けたときは、この限りでない。
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Article 203A witness may not make statements based on documents; provided, however, that this shall not apply where he/she has obtained permission of the presiding judge.
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(映像等の送受信による通話の方法による尋問)
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(Examination through Communication by Audio and Visual Transmissions)
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第二百四条裁判所は、遠隔の地に居住する証人の尋問をする場合には、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、隔地者が映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によって、尋問をすることができる。
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Article 204When examining a witness who lives in a remote place, the court, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, may examine him/her by a method that enables parties at a distance to communicate with each other while mutually recognizing the other party's status by audio and visual transmissions.
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(尋問に代わる書面の提出)
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(Submission of Document in lieu of Examination)
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第二百五条裁判所は、相当と認める場合において、当事者に異議がないときは、証人の尋問に代え、書面の提出をさせることができる。
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Article 205The court, when it finds it appropriate and no objection is made by the parties, may have a witness submit a document in lieu of examining him/her.
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(受命裁判官等の権限)
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(Powers of Authorized Judge, etc.)
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第二百六条受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が証人尋問をする場合には、裁判所及び裁判長の職務は、その裁判官が行う。ただし、第二百二条第三項の規定による異議についての裁判は、受訴裁判所がする。
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Article 206Where an authorized judge or commissioned judge examines a witness, the respective judge shall perform the duties of the court and the presiding judge; provided, however, that a judicial decision on an objection under the provision of Article 202(3) shall be made by the court in charge of the case.
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第三節 当事者尋問
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Section 3 Examination of Parties
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(当事者本人の尋問)
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(Examination of Party Him/Herself)
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第二百七条裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、当事者本人を尋問することができる。この場合においては、その当事者に宣誓をさせることができる。
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Article 207(1)The court, upon petition or by its own authority, may examine a party him/herself.In this case, the court may have the party swear under oath.
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(不出頭等の効果)
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(Effect of Non-Appearance, etc.)
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第二百八条当事者本人を尋問する場合において、その当事者が、正当な理由なく、出頭せず、又は宣誓若しくは陳述を拒んだときは、裁判所は、尋問事項に関する相手方の主張を真実と認めることができる。
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Article 208Where a party him/herself is to be examined, if the party, without justifiable grounds, does not appear or refuses to swear under oath or make statements, the court may recognize that the opponent's allegations concerning the matters for examination are true.
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(虚偽の陳述に対する過料)
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(Non-Penal Fine for False Statements)
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第二百九条宣誓した当事者が虚偽の陳述をしたときは、裁判所は、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処する。
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Article 209(1)If a party who has sworn under oath has made false statements, the court, by an order, shall punish him/her by a non-penal fine of not more than 100,000 yen.
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(証人尋問の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Examination of Witness)
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第二百十条第百九十五条、第二百一条第二項、第二百二条から第二百四条まで及び第二百六条の規定は、当事者本人の尋問について準用する。
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Article 210The provisions of Article 195, Article 201(2), Article 202 to Article 204 and Article 206 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the examination of a party him/herself.
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(法定代理人の尋問)
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(Examination of Statutory Agent)
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第二百十一条この法律中当事者本人の尋問に関する規定は、訴訟において当事者を代表する法定代理人について準用する。ただし、当事者本人を尋問することを妨げない。
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Article 211The provisions of this Code concerning the examination of a party him/herself shall apply to a statutory agent who represents the party in a suit; provided, however, that this shall not preclude the examination of a party him/herself.
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第四節 鑑定
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Section 4 Expert Testimony
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(鑑定義務)
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(Obligation to Give Expert Testimony)
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第二百十二条鑑定に必要な学識経験を有する者は、鑑定をする義務を負う。
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Article 212(1)A person who has the relevant knowledge and experience necessary to give expert testimony shall have an obligation to give expert testimony.
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(鑑定人の指定)
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(Designation of Expert Witness)
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第二百十三条鑑定人は、受訴裁判所、受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が指定する。
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Article 213An expert witness shall be designated by the court in charge of the case or an authorized judge or commissioned judge.
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(忌避)
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(Challenge)
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第二百十四条鑑定人について誠実に鑑定をすることを妨げるべき事情があるときは、当事者は、その鑑定人が鑑定事項について陳述をする前に、これを忌避することができる。鑑定人が陳述をした場合であっても、その後に、忌避の原因が生じ、又は当事者がその原因があることを知ったときは、同様とする。
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Article 214(1)If there are circumstances with regard to an expert witness that would prevent him/her from giving a sincere expert testimony, a party may challenge such expert witness before the expert witness makes statements on the matters for expert testimony.The same shall apply where, after an expert witness has made statements, any grounds for challenge occur or a party becomes aware of the existence of any grounds for challenge.
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(鑑定人の陳述の方式等)
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(Method for Making Statements for Expert Witness, etc.)
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第二百十五条裁判長は、鑑定人に、書面又は口頭で、意見を述べさせることができる。
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Article 215(1)The presiding judge may have an expert witness state his/her opinions in writing or orally.
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(鑑定人質問)
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(Questioning of Expert Witness)
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第二百十五条の二裁判所は、鑑定人に口頭で意見を述べさせる場合には、鑑定人が意見の陳述をした後に、鑑定人に対し質問をすることができる。
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Article 215-2(1)Where the court has an expert witness state his/her opinions orally, it may ask questions of the expert witness after he/she has stated his/her opinions.
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(映像等の送受信による通話の方法による陳述)
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(Statements Made through Communication Through Audio and Visual Transmissions)
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第二百十五条の三裁判所は、鑑定人に口頭で意見を述べさせる場合において、鑑定人が遠隔の地に居住しているときその他相当と認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、隔地者が映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によって、意見を述べさせることができる。
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Article 215-3Where the court has an expert witness state his/her opinions orally, when the expert witness lives in a remote place or the court finds it appropriate for any other reasons, the court, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, may have him/her state opinions by a method that enables parties at a distance to communicate with each other while mutually recognizing the other party's status by audio and visual transmissions.
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(受命裁判官等の権限)
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(Powers of Authorized Judge, etc.)
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第二百十五条の四受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が鑑定人に意見を述べさせる場合には、裁判所及び裁判長の職務は、その裁判官が行う。ただし、第二百十五条の二第四項の規定による異議についての裁判は、受訴裁判所がする。
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Article 215-4Where an authorized judge or commissioned judge has an expert witness state his/her opinions, the respective judge shall perform the duties of the court and the presiding judge; provided, however, that a judicial decision on an objection under the provision of Article 215-2(4) shall be made by the court in charge of the case.
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(証人尋問の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Examination of Witness)
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第二百十六条第百九十一条の規定は公務員又は公務員であった者に鑑定人として職務上の秘密について意見を述べさせる場合について、第百九十七条から第百九十九条までの規定は鑑定人が鑑定を拒む場合について、第二百一条第一項の規定は鑑定人に宣誓をさせる場合について、第百九十二条及び第百九十三条の規定は鑑定人が正当な理由なく出頭しない場合、鑑定人が宣誓を拒む場合及び鑑定拒絶を理由がないとする裁判が確定した後に鑑定人が正当な理由なく鑑定を拒む場合について準用する。
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Article 216The provision of Article 191 shall apply mutatis mutandis where the court has a public officer or person who was a public officer state his/her opinions as an expert witness with regard to any secrets in relation to his/her duties, the provisions of Article 197 to Article 199 shall apply mutatis mutandis where an expert witness refuses to give expert testimony, the provision of Article 201(1) shall apply mutatis mutandis where the court has an expert witness swear under oath, and the provisions Article 192 and Article 193 shall apply mutatis mutandis where an expert witness does not appear without justifiable grounds, where an expert witness refuses to swear under oath, and where an expert witness, after a judicial decision finding that his/her refusal to give expert testimony is groundless has become final and binding, still refuses to give expert testimony without justifiable grounds.
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(鑑定証人)
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(Expert as Witness)
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第二百十七条特別の学識経験により知り得た事実に関する尋問については、証人尋問に関する規定による。
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Article 217An examination concerning facts that an expert has learnt based on his/her special knowledge and experience shall be governed by the provisions concerning the examination of a witness.
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(鑑定の嘱託)
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(Commission of Expert Testimony)
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第二百十八条裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、官庁若しくは公署、外国の官庁若しくは公署又は相当の設備を有する法人に鑑定を嘱託することができる。この場合においては、宣誓に関する規定を除き、この節の規定を準用する。
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Article 218(1)The court, when it finds it necessary, may commission a government agency or public office, a foreign government agency or public office, or a juridical person that has adequate equipment to give expert testimony.In this case, the provisions of this Section, except for those concerning swearing under oath, shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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第五節 書証
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Section 5 Examination of Documentary Evidence
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(書証の申出)
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(Request for Examination of Documentary Evidence)
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第二百十九条書証の申出は、文書を提出し、又は文書の所持者にその提出を命ずることを申し立ててしなければならない。
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Article 219A request for examination of documentary evidence shall be made by submitting a document or requesting the court to order the holder of a document to submit such document.
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(文書提出義務)
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(Obligation to Submit Document)
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第二百二十条次に掲げる場合には、文書の所持者は、その提出を拒むことができない。
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Article 220In the following cases, the holder of the document may not refuse to submit the document:
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一当事者が訴訟において引用した文書を自ら所持するとき。
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(i)Where a party personally possesses the document that he/she has cited in the suit.
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二挙証者が文書の所持者に対しその引渡し又は閲覧を求めることができるとき。
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(ii)Where the party who offers evidence may make a request to the holder of the document for the delivery or inspection of the document.
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三文書が挙証者の利益のために作成され、又は挙証者と文書の所持者との間の法律関係について作成されたとき。
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(iii)Where the document has been prepared in the interest of the party who offers evidence or with regard to the legal relationships between the party who offers evidence and the holder of the document.
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四前三号に掲げる場合のほか、文書が次に掲げるもののいずれにも該当しないとき。
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(iv)In addition to the cases listed in the preceding three items, in cases where the document does not fall under any of the following categories:
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イ文書の所持者又は文書の所持者と第百九十六条各号に掲げる関係を有する者についての同条に規定する事項が記載されている文書
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(a)A document stating the matters prescribed in Article 196 with regard to the holder of the document or a person who has any of the relationships listed in the items of said Article with the holder of the document
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ロ公務員の職務上の秘密に関する文書でその提出により公共の利益を害し、又は公務の遂行に著しい支障を生ずるおそれがあるもの
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(b)A document concerning a secret in relation to a public officer's duties, which is, if submitted, likely to harm the public interest or substantially hinder the performance of his/her public duties
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ハ第百九十七条第一項第二号に規定する事実又は同項第三号に規定する事項で、黙秘の義務が免除されていないものが記載されている文書
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(c)A document stating the fact prescribed in Article 197(1)(ii) or the matter prescribed in Article 197(1)(iii), neither or which are released from the duty of secrecy
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ニ専ら文書の所持者の利用に供するための文書(国又は地方公共団体が所持する文書にあっては、公務員が組織的に用いるものを除く。)
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(d)A document prepared exclusively for use by the holder thereof (excluding a document held by the State or a local public entity, which is used by a public officer for an organizational purpose).
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ホ刑事事件に係る訴訟に関する書類若しくは少年の保護事件の記録又はこれらの事件において押収されている文書
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(e)A document concerning a suit pertaining to a criminal case or a record of a juvenile case, or a document seized in these cases
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(文書提出命令の申立て)
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(Petition for Order to Submit Document)
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第二百二十一条文書提出命令の申立ては、次に掲げる事項を明らかにしてしなければならない。
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Article 221(1)A petition for an order to submit a document shall be filed by clarifying the following matters:
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一文書の表示
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(i)The indication of the document
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二文書の趣旨
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(ii)The purport of the document
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三文書の所持者
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(iii)The holder of the document
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四証明すべき事実
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(iv)The facts to be proven by the document
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五文書の提出義務の原因
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(v)The grounds for the obligation to submit the document
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(2)No petition for an order to submit a document may be filed on the grounds that the document falls under any of the categories listed in item (iv) of the preceding Article, unless it is necessary to make a request for examination of documentary evidence by way of a petition for an order to submit a document.
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(文書の特定のための手続)
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(Procedure for Identifying Document)
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第二百二十二条文書提出命令の申立てをする場合において、前条第一項第一号又は第二号に掲げる事項を明らかにすることが著しく困難であるときは、その申立ての時においては、これらの事項に代えて、文書の所持者がその申立てに係る文書を識別することができる事項を明らかにすれば足りる。この場合においては、裁判所に対し、文書の所持者に当該文書についての同項第一号又は第二号に掲げる事項を明らかにすることを求めるよう申し出なければならない。
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Article 222(1)Where a person files a petition for an order to submit a document, if it is extremely difficult to clarify the matters set forth in paragraph (1)(i) or (ii) of the preceding Article, it is sufficient when filing the petition to clarify, in lieu of said matters, any matters by which the holder of the document can identify the document pertaining to the petition.In this case, the person shall request the court to request the holder of the document to clarify the matters set forth in item (i) or item (ii) of said paragraph.
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(文書提出命令等)
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(Order to Submit Document, etc.)
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第二百二十三条裁判所は、文書提出命令の申立てを理由があると認めるときは、決定で、文書の所持者に対し、その提出を命ずる。この場合において、文書に取り調べる必要がないと認める部分又は提出の義務があると認めることができない部分があるときは、その部分を除いて、提出を命ずることができる。
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Article 223(1)The court, when it finds that a petition for an order to submit a document is well-grounded, shall make an order to the effect that the holder of the document should submit the document.In this case, if the document contains any part for which it is found to be unnecessary to be examined or which cannot be found to be subject to the obligation to submit, the court may order submission of the document excluding such part.
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(3)Where a petition for an order to submit a document is filed, with regard to a document concerning a secret in relation to a public officer's duties, on the grounds that the document falls under any of the categories set forth in Article 220(iv), the court, except where it is obvious that the petition is groundless, shall hear opinions of the supervisory government agency concerned (in the case of a member of the House of Representatives or House of Councillors or a person who held such post, the respective House; in the case of the Prime Minister or any other Minister of State or a person who held such post, the Cabinet) as to whether or not the document in question falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220(iv)(b).In this case, the supervisory government agency, when stating an opinion that the document falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220(iv)(b), shall specify reasons therefor.
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(4)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the supervisory government agency has stated an opinion that the document falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220(iv)(b) by reason that the submission of the document has any of the following risks, the court, provided that it cannot find sufficient reasonable grounds for application of such opinion, it may order the holder of the document to submit the document:
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一国の安全が害されるおそれ、他国若しくは国際機関との信頼関係が損なわれるおそれ又は他国若しくは国際機関との交渉上不利益を被るおそれ
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(i)Risk that the document will impair national security, harm relationships of trust with a foreign state or international organization or cause a disadvantage in negotiation with a foreign state or international organization
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二犯罪の予防、鎮圧又は捜査、公訴の維持、刑の執行その他の公共の安全と秩序の維持に支障を及ぼすおそれ
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(ii)Risk that the document will be a hindrance to the prevention, suppression or investigation of crimes, maintenance of prosecution, execution of sentences or any other matters concerning the maintenance of public safety and order
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(5)In the case referred to in the first sentence of paragraph (3), when the supervisory government agency intends to state opinions on a document stating the matters concerning technical or professional secrets held by a third party other than the holder of the document, it shall hear opinions of said third party in advance, except where it intends to state an opinion that the document falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220(iv)(b).
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(6)The court, when it finds it necessary in order to determine which of the categories of documents set forth in Article 220(iv)(a) to (d) the document pertaining to the petition for an order to submit a document falls under, may have the holder of the document present the document.In this case, no person may request the disclosure of the document presented.
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(当事者が文書提出命令に従わない場合等の効果)
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(Effect of Party's Non-Compliance with Order to Submit Document, etc.)
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第二百二十四条当事者が文書提出命令に従わないときは、裁判所は、当該文書の記載に関する相手方の主張を真実と認めることができる。
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Article 224(1)If a party does not comply with an order to submit a document, the court may recognize that the opponent's allegations concerning the statements in the document are true.
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(3)In the cases prescribed in the preceding two paragraphs, if it is extremely difficult for the opponent to make specific allegations concerning the statements in the document and prove, by other evidence, the fact that is to be proven by the document, the court may recognize that the opponent's allegations concerning such fact are true.
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(第三者が文書提出命令に従わない場合の過料)
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(Non-Penal Fine for Third Party's Non-Compliance with Order to Submit Document)
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第二百二十五条第三者が文書提出命令に従わないときは、裁判所は、決定で、二十万円以下の過料に処する。
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Article 225(1)If a third party does not comply with an order to submit a document, the court, by an order, shall punish him/her by a non-penal fine of not more than 200,000 yen.
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(文書送付の嘱託)
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(Commission to Send Document)
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第二百二十六条書証の申出は、第二百十九条の規定にかかわらず、文書の所持者にその文書の送付を嘱託することを申し立ててすることができる。ただし、当事者が法令により文書の正本又は謄本の交付を求めることができる場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 226A request for examination of documentary evidence, notwithstanding the provision of Article 219, may be made by requesting the court to commission the holder of the document to send the document; provided, however, that this shall not apply where a party may request the issuance of an authenticated copy or transcript of the document under laws and regulations.
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(文書の留置)
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(Retainment of Document)
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第二百二十七条裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、提出又は送付に係る文書を留め置くことができる。
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Article 227The court, when it finds it necessary, may retain a document submitted or sent thereto.
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(文書の成立)
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(Creation of Document)
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第二百二十八条文書は、その成立が真正であることを証明しなければならない。
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Article 228(1)A document shall be proven to be authentically created.
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(筆跡等の対照による証明)
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(Proof by Comparison of Handwriting, etc.)
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第二百二十九条文書の成立の真否は、筆跡又は印影の対照によっても、証明することができる。
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Article 229(1)The authenticity or inauthenticity of the creation of a document may be proven by comparison of handwriting or seal impressions.
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(4)If the opponent, without justifiable grounds, does not comply with the order made under the provision of the preceding paragraph, the court may recognize that the allegations of the party who offers evidence concerning the authenticity or inauthenticity of the creation of the document are true.The same shall apply where the opponent has written letters by a style of handwriting that is different from his/her own.
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(文書の成立の真正を争った者に対する過料)
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(Non-Penal Fine on Party Challenging Authenticity of Creation of Document)
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第二百三十条当事者又はその代理人が故意又は重大な過失により真実に反して文書の成立の真正を争ったときは、裁判所は、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処する。
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Article 230(1)If a party or his/her agent, contrary to the truth, has challenged the authenticity of the creation of a document intentionally or by gross negligence, the court, by an order, shall punish him/her by a non-penal fine of not more than 100,000 yen.
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(3)In the case referred to in paragraph (1), if the party or agent who challenged the authenticity of the creation of a document has admitted, while the suit is pending, that the document is authentically created, the court may revoke the order set forth in said paragraph, depending on the circumstances.
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(文書に準ずる物件への準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis to Objects Equivalent to Documents)
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第二百三十一条この節の規定は、図面、写真、録音テープ、ビデオテープその他の情報を表すために作成された物件で文書でないものについて準用する。
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Article 231The provisions of this Section shall apply mutatis mutandis to drawings, photographs, audiotapes, videotapes and any other objects prepared for the purpose of indicating information, other than documents.
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第六節 検証
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Section 6 Observation
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(検証の目的の提示等)
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(Presentation of Subject Matter of Observation, etc.)
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第二百三十二条第二百十九条、第二百二十三条、第二百二十四条、第二百二十六条及び第二百二十七条の規定は、検証の目的の提示又は送付について準用する。
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Article 232(1)The provisions of Article 219, Article 223, Article 224, Article 226 and Article 227 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the presentation or sending of the subject matter of a observation.
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(検証の際の鑑定)
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(Expert Testimony upon Observation)
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第二百三十三条裁判所又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官は、検証をするに当たり、必要があると認めるときは、鑑定を命ずることができる。
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Article 233The court or an authorized judge or commissioned judge, when it or he/she finds it necessary in the course of conducting a observation, may order expert testimony.
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第七節 証拠保全
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Section 7 Preservation of Evidence
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(証拠保全)
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(Preservation of Evidence)
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第二百三十四条裁判所は、あらかじめ証拠調べをしておかなければその証拠を使用することが困難となる事情があると認めるときは、申立てにより、この章の規定に従い、証拠調べをすることができる。
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Article 234When the court finds that there are circumstances under which, unless the examination of evidence is conducted in advance, it would be difficult to examine the evidence, it may conduct an examination of the evidence pursuant to the provisions of this Chapter upon petition.
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(管轄裁判所等)
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(Court with Jurisdiction, etc.)
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第二百三十五条訴えの提起後における証拠保全の申立ては、その証拠を使用すべき審級の裁判所にしなければならない。ただし、最初の口頭弁論の期日が指定され、又は事件が弁論準備手続若しくは書面による準備手続に付された後口頭弁論の終結に至るまでの間は、受訴裁判所にしなければならない。
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Article 235(1)A petition for the preservation of evidence, after the filing of an action, shall be filed with the court of the instance in which the evidence is to be used; provided, however, that during the period after the date for the first oral argument is designated or the case is referred to preparatory proceedings or preparatory proceedings by means of documents until oral argument is concluded, such petition shall be filed with the court in charge of the case.
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(2)A petition for the preservation of evidence, before the filing of an action, shall be filed with the district court or summary court that has jurisdiction over the residence of the person who is to be examined or person who holds the document in question or the location of the subject of a observation.
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(相手方の指定ができない場合の取扱い)
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(Where Opponent Cannot Be Designated)
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第二百三十六条証拠保全の申立ては、相手方を指定することができない場合においても、することができる。この場合においては、裁判所は、相手方となるべき者のために特別代理人を選任することができる。
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Article 236A petition for the preservation of evidence may be filed even where the opponent cannot be designated.In this case, the court may appoint a special agent on behalf of the person who should be the opponent.
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(職権による証拠保全)
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(Preservation of Evidence by Court's Authority)
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第二百三十七条裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、訴訟の係属中、職権で、証拠保全の決定をすることができる。
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Article 237The court, when it finds it necessary, while the suit is pending, may make an order of preservation of evidence by its own authority.
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(不服申立ての不許)
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(Non-Permission of Appeal)
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第二百三十八条証拠保全の決定に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。
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Article 238No appeal may be entered against an order of preservation of evidence.
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(受命裁判官による証拠調べ)
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(Examination of Evidence by Authorized Judge)
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第二百三十九条第二百三十五条第一項ただし書の場合には、裁判所は、受命裁判官に証拠調べをさせることができる。
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Article 239In the case referred to in the proviso to Article 235(1), the court may have an authorized judge examine evidence.
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(期日の呼出し)
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(Summons for Appearance Date)
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第二百四十条証拠調べの期日には、申立人及び相手方を呼び出さなければならない。ただし、急速を要する場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 240On the date for examination of evidence, the petitioner and the opponent shall be summoned; provided, however, that this shall not apply in case of urgency.
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(証拠保全の費用)
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(Expenses for Preservation of Evidence)
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第二百四十一条証拠保全に関する費用は、訴訟費用の一部とする。
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Article 241Expenses for the preservation of evidence shall constitute part of the court costs.
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(口頭弁論における再尋問)
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(Re-Examination at Oral Argument)
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第二百四十二条証拠保全の手続において尋問をした証人について、当事者が口頭弁論における尋問の申出をしたときは、裁判所は、その尋問をしなければならない。
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Article 242If a party has requested examination at oral argument of a witness who was examined in the procedure for the preservation of evidence, the court shall examine the witness.
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第五章 判決
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Chapter V Judgment
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(終局判決)
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(Final Judgment)
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第二百四十三条裁判所は、訴訟が裁判をするのに熟したときは、終局判決をする。
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Article 243(1)The court, when the suit is ripe for making a judicial decision, shall make a final judgment.
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Article 244Where either or both party(ies), on the date for oral argument, does not appear or does not present any oral arguments before leaving the court, the court, when it finds it appropriate while taking into consideration the existing status of the trial and the status of each party's conduct of the suit, may make a final judgment; provided, however, that where either party, on the date for oral argument, does not appear or does not present any oral arguments before leaving the court, this shall apply only upon the request of the opponent who appears on that date.
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(中間判決)
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(Interlocutory Judgment)
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第二百四十五条裁判所は、独立した攻撃又は防御の方法その他中間の争いについて、裁判をするのに熟したときは、中間判決をすることができる。請求の原因及び数額について争いがある場合におけるその原因についても、同様とする。
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Article 245The court, when the suit is ripe for making a judicial decision with regard to an independent allegation or evidence or any other interlocutory dispute, may make an interlocutory judgment.The same shall apply with regard to the statement of claim where the statement of claim and the number or amount concerned are in dispute.
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(判決事項)
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(Matters for Judgment)
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第二百四十六条裁判所は、当事者が申し立てていない事項について、判決をすることができない。
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Article 246The court may not make a judgment on any matters for which the parties have not claimed.
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(自由心証主義)
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(Principle of Free Determination)
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第二百四十七条裁判所は、判決をするに当たり、口頭弁論の全趣旨及び証拠調べの結果をしん酌して、自由な心証により、事実についての主張を真実と認めるべきか否かを判断する。
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Article 247When making a judgment, the court, in light of the entire import of the oral argument and the result of the examination of evidence, and based on its free determination, shall decide whether or not the allegations on facts are true.
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(損害額の認定)
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(Determination of Amount of Damage)
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第二百四十八条損害が生じたことが認められる場合において、損害の性質上その額を立証することが極めて困難であるときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論の全趣旨及び証拠調べの結果に基づき、相当な損害額を認定することができる。
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Article 248Where it is found that any damage has occurred, if it is extremely difficult, from the nature of the damage, to prove the amount thereof, the court, based on the entire import of the oral argument and the result of the examination of evidence, may determine a reasonable amount of damage.
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(直接主義)
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(Principle of Direct Trial)
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第二百四十九条判決は、その基本となる口頭弁論に関与した裁判官がする。
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Article 249(1)A judgment shall be made by a judge who has participated in the oral argument on which the judgment is to be based.
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(判決の発効)
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(When Judgment Becomes Effective)
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第二百五十条判決は、言渡しによってその効力を生ずる。
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Article 250A judgment shall become effective when it is rendered.
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(言渡期日)
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(Date for Rendition of Judgment)
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第二百五十一条判決の言渡しは、口頭弁論の終結の日から二月以内にしなければならない。ただし、事件が複雑であるときその他特別の事情があるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 251(1)The court shall render a judgment within two months from the date of conclusion of oral argument; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the case is complex or there are any other special circumstances.
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(言渡しの方式)
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(Formality of Rendition)
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第二百五十二条判決の言渡しは、判決書の原本に基づいてする。
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Article 252The court shall render a judgment based on the original of a judgment document.
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(判決書)
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(Judgment Document)
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第二百五十三条判決書には、次に掲げる事項を記載しなければならない。
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Article 253(1)A judgment document shall state the following matters:
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一主文
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(i)The main text
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二事実
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(ii)The facts
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三理由
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(iii)The reasons
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四口頭弁論の終結の日
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(iv)The date of conclusion of oral argument
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五当事者及び法定代理人
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(v)The parties and statutory agents
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六裁判所
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(vi)The court
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(言渡しの方式の特則)
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(Special Provisions on Formality of Rendition)
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第二百五十四条次に掲げる場合において、原告の請求を認容するときは、判決の言渡しは、第二百五十二条の規定にかかわらず、判決書の原本に基づかないですることができる。
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Article 254(1)In the following cases, if the court upholds a plaintiff's claim, it may render a judgment which is not based on the original of a judgment document, notwithstanding the provision of Article 252:
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一被告が口頭弁論において原告の主張した事実を争わず、その他何らの防御の方法をも提出しない場合
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(i)Where the defendant does not deny the facts alleged by the plaintiff at oral argument or does not advance any allegations or evidence.
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二被告が公示送達による呼出しを受けたにもかかわらず口頭弁論の期日に出頭しない場合(被告の提出した準備書面が口頭弁論において陳述されたものとみなされた場合を除く。)
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(ii)Where the defendant, despite being summoned by a service by publication, does not appear on the date for oral argument (excluding cases where the brief submitted by the defendant is deemed to have been stated at oral argument).
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(2)When having rendered a judgment pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the court, in lieu of preparing a judgment document, shall have a court clerk state, in the record of the date for oral argument on which the judgment has been rendered, the parties and statutory agents, the main text, the claim, and the gist of the reasons.
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(判決書等の送達)
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(Service of Judgment Document, etc.)
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第二百五十五条判決書又は前条第二項の調書は、当事者に送達しなければならない。
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Article 255(1)A judgment document or a record set forth in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article shall be served upon the parties.
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(変更の判決)
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(Judgment for Modification)
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第二百五十六条裁判所は、判決に法令の違反があることを発見したときは、その言渡し後一週間以内に限り、変更の判決をすることができる。ただし、判決が確定したとき、又は判決を変更するため事件につき更に弁論をする必要があるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 256(1)The court, when it has found in a judgment any violation of laws or regulations, may make a judgment for modification only within one week after the rendition; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the judgment has become final and binding or additional oral arguments concerning the case are necessary in order to modify the judgment.
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(更正決定)
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(Order of Correction)
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第二百五十七条判決に計算違い、誤記その他これらに類する明白な誤りがあるときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、いつでも更正決定をすることができる。
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Article 257(1)If there is a miscalculation, clerical error or any other clear error similar thereto in a judgment, the court, upon petition or by its own authority, may make an order of correction at any time.
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(裁判の脱漏)
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(Omission in Judicial Decision)
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第二百五十八条裁判所が請求の一部について裁判を脱漏したときは、訴訟は、その請求の部分については、なおその裁判所に係属する。
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Article 258(1)If the court has omitted to address part of a claim in a judicial decision, the suit shall continue to be pending before that court with regard to such part of the claim.
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(2)In the case of an omission in addressing the burden of the court costs in a judicial decision, the court, upon petition or by its own authority, by an order, shall make a judicial decision on the burden of court costs.In this case, the provisions of Article 61 to Article 66 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(4)A judicial decision on the burden of court costs made under the provision of paragraph (2) shall cease to be effective when a lawful appeal to the court of second instance is filed against a judgment on merits.In this case, the court of second instance shall make a judicial decision on the burden of the total costs of the suit.
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(仮執行の宣言)
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(Declaration of Provisional Execution)
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第二百五十九条財産権上の請求に関する判決については、裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、担保を立てて、又は立てないで仮執行をすることができることを宣言することができる。
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Article 259(1)With regard to a judgment concerning a claim on a property right, the court, when it finds it necessary, upon petition or by its own authority, may declare that provisional execution may be enforced with or without security.
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(2)With regard to a judgment on a claim for payment of money for a bill or note or a check and a claim for damages at the statutory interest rate that is incidental thereto, the court, by its own authority, shall declare that provisional execution may be enforced without security; provided, however, that when the court finds it appropriate, it may require the provision of security for provisional execution.
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(5)If the court has not made a judicial decision on a petition for a declaration of provisional execution or has not made a declaration of provisional execution when the court should have made it by its own authority, it shall make a supplemental order upon petition or by its own authority.The same shall apply where the court has not made a judicial decision on a petition set forth in paragraph (3).
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(仮執行の宣言の失効及び原状回復等)
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(Loss of Effect of Declaration of Provisional Execution and Restoration, etc.)
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第二百六十条仮執行の宣言は、その宣言又は本案判決を変更する判決の言渡しにより、変更の限度においてその効力を失う。
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Article 260(1)A declaration of provisional execution shall cease to be effective when a judgment to modify the declaration or the judgment on merits is rendered, to the extent of the modification.
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(2)When modifying a judgment on merits, the court, upon the petition of the defendant, shall order, in a judgment for modification, that the plaintiff should return the performance provided by the defendant based on a declaration of provisional execution and compensate any damage suffered by the defendant due to provisional execution or in order to avoid it.
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第六章 裁判によらない訴訟の完結
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Chapter VI Conclusion of Suit Not by Judicial Decision
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(訴えの取下げ)
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(Withdrawal of Action)
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第二百六十一条訴えは、判決が確定するまで、その全部又は一部を取り下げることができる。
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Article 261(1)An action may be withdrawn in whole or part before a judgment becomes final and binding.
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(2)The withdrawal of an action, after the opponent has submitted a brief, made statements in preparatory proceedings or conducted oral argument on the merits, shall not become effective without the consent of the opponent; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the withdrawal of a counterclaim where the principal action is withdrawn.
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(4)In the case referred to in the main clause of paragraph (2), if an action is withdrawn by means of a document, the document shall be served upon the opponent, and if it is withdrawn orally on the date for oral argument, etc. (excluding cases where the opponent has appeared on that date), a transcript of the record of that date shall be served upon the opponent.
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(5)If the opponent does not make an objection within two weeks from the day on which he/she has received a service of a document of withdrawal of an action, he/she shall be deemed to have consented to the withdrawal of the action.The same shall apply where an action is withdrawn orally on the date for oral argument, etc. and the opponent does not make an objection within two weeks from, if the opponent has appeared on that date, the day on which the action has been withdrawn, and if the opponent has not appeared on that date, the day on which a service of a transcript set forth in the preceding paragraph has been made.
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(訴えの取下げの効果)
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(Effect of Withdrawal of Action)
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第二百六十二条訴訟は、訴えの取下げがあった部分については、初めから係属していなかったものとみなす。
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Article 262(1)A suit, with regard to its part for which the action is withdrawn, shall be deemed to have never been pending before the court.
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(訴えの取下げの擬制)
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(Constructive Withdrawal of Action)
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第二百六十三条当事者双方が、口頭弁論若しくは弁論準備手続の期日に出頭せず、又は弁論若しくは弁論準備手続における申述をしないで退廷若しくは退席をした場合において、一月以内に期日指定の申立てをしないときは、訴えの取下げがあったものとみなす。当事者双方が、連続して二回、口頭弁論若しくは弁論準備手続の期日に出頭せず、又は弁論若しくは弁論準備手続における申述をしないで退廷若しくは退席をしたときも、同様とする。
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Article 263Where neither party has appeared on the date for oral argument or preparatory proceedings or has not presented any oral arguments or made any statements in preparatory proceedings before leaving the court or their seats, if neither of them files a petition for designation of the date within one month, it shall be deemed that the action has been withdrawn.The same shall apply where neither party, on two consecutive occasions, has appeared on the date for oral argument or preparatory proceedings or has presented any oral arguments or made any statements in preparatory proceedings before leaving the court or their seats.
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(和解条項案の書面による受諾)
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(Acceptance by Means of Document of Proposed Terms of Settlement)
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第二百六十四条当事者が遠隔の地に居住していることその他の事由により出頭することが困難であると認められる場合において、その当事者があらかじめ裁判所又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官から提示された和解条項案を受諾する旨の書面を提出し、他の当事者が口頭弁論等の期日に出頭してその和解条項案を受諾したときは、当事者間に和解が調ったものとみなす。
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Article 264Where it is found to be difficult for a party to appear due to living in a remote place or any other grounds, if the party has submitted a document stating that he/she accepts the proposed terms of settlement presented in advance by the court or an authorized judge or commissioned judge, and the other party has appeared on the appearance date and accepted such proposed terms of settlement, it shall be deemed that both parties have reached a settlement.
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(裁判所等が定める和解条項)
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(Terms of Settlement Determined by Court, etc.)
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第二百六十五条裁判所又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官は、当事者の共同の申立てがあるときは、事件の解決のために適当な和解条項を定めることができる。
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Article 265(1)The court or an authorized judge or commissioned judge, upon the joint petition of the parties, may determine the appropriate terms of settlement in order to solve the case.
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(請求の放棄又は認諾)
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(Waiver or Acknowledgment of Claim)
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第二百六十六条請求の放棄又は認諾は、口頭弁論等の期日においてする。
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Article 266(1)A waiver or acknowledgement of a claim shall be made on the date for oral argument, etc.
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(和解調書等の効力)
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(Effect of Record of Settlement, etc.)
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第二百六十七条和解又は請求の放棄若しくは認諾を調書に記載したときは、その記載は、確定判決と同一の効力を有する。
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Article 267When a settlement or a waiver or acknowledgement of a claim is stated in a record, such statement shall have the same effect as a final and binding judgment.
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第七章 大規模訴訟等に関する特則
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Chapter VII Special Provisions Concerning Large-Scale Suit, etc.
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(大規模訴訟に係る事件における受命裁判官による証人等の尋問)
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(Examination of Witnesses, etc. by Authorized Judge in Case Pertaining to Large-Scale Suit)
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第二百六十八条裁判所は、大規模訴訟(当事者が著しく多数で、かつ、尋問すべき証人又は当事者本人が著しく多数である訴訟をいう。)に係る事件について、当事者に異議がないときは、受命裁判官に裁判所内で証人又は当事者本人の尋問をさせることができる。
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Article 268The court, in a case pertaining to a large-scale suit (meaning a suit in which a significantly large number of parties are involved and a significantly large number of witnesses or parties themselves are to be examined), may have an authorized judge examine witnesses or parties themselves within the court, if no objection is made by the parties.
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(大規模訴訟に係る事件における合議体の構成)
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(Composition of Panel in Case Pertaining to Large-Scale Suit)
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第二百六十九条地方裁判所においては、前条に規定する事件について、五人の裁判官の合議体で審理及び裁判をする旨の決定をその合議体ですることができる。
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Article 269(1)In a district court, with regard to a case prescribed in the preceding Article, a panel of five judges may make an order to the effect that said panel shall conduct a trial and make a judicial decision on that case.
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(特許権等に関する訴えに係る事件における合議体の構成)
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(Composition of Panel in Case Pertaining to Action Relating to Patent Right, etc.)
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第二百六十九条の二第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所においては、特許権等に関する訴えに係る事件について、五人の裁判官の合議体で審理及び裁判をする旨の決定をその合議体ですることができる。ただし、第二十条の二第一項の規定により移送された訴訟に係る事件については、この限りでない。
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Article 269-2(1)In the court specified in each item of Article 6(1), with regard to a case pertaining to an action relating to a patent right, etc. , a panel of five judges may make an order to the effect that said panel shall conduct a trial and make a judicial decision on that case; provided, however, that this shall not apply to a case pertaining to a suit transferred pursuant to the provision of Article 20-2(1).
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第八章 簡易裁判所の訴訟手続に関する特則
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Chapter VIII Special Provisions Concerning Court Proceedings in Summary Court
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(手続の特色)
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(Characteristics of Proceedings)
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第二百七十条簡易裁判所においては、簡易な手続により迅速に紛争を解決するものとする。
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Article 270In a summary court, simplified proceedings shall be applied to solve disputes promptly.
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(口頭による訴えの提起)
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(Oral Filing of Action)
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第二百七十一条訴えは、口頭で提起することができる。
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Article 271An action may be filed orally.
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(訴えの提起において明らかにすべき事項)
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(Matters to Be Clarified in Filing of Action)
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第二百七十二条訴えの提起においては、請求の原因に代えて、紛争の要点を明らかにすれば足りる。
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Article 272In filing an action, it shall be sufficient to clarify the points of the dispute, in lieu of the statement of claim.
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(任意の出頭による訴えの提起等)
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(Filing of Action by Voluntary Appearance, etc.)
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第二百七十三条当事者双方は、任意に裁判所に出頭し、訴訟について口頭弁論をすることができる。この場合においては、訴えの提起は、口頭の陳述によってする。
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Article 273Both parties may voluntarily appear before the court and conduct oral argument on their suit.In this case, an action shall be filed by an oral statement.
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(反訴の提起に基づく移送)
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(Transfer Based on Filing of Counterclaim)
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第二百七十四条被告が反訴で地方裁判所の管轄に属する請求をした場合において、相手方の申立てがあるときは、簡易裁判所は、決定で、本訴及び反訴を地方裁判所に移送しなければならない。この場合においては、第二十二条の規定を準用する。
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Article 274(1)Where the defendant, by filing a counterclaim, has made a claim that is subject to the jurisdiction of a district court, the summary court, upon the petition of the opponent, by an order, shall transfer the principal action and counterclaim to the district court.In this case, the provision of Article 22 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(訴え提起前の和解)
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(Settlement Prior to Filing of Action)
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第二百七十五条民事上の争いについては、当事者は、請求の趣旨及び原因並びに争いの実情を表示して、相手方の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する簡易裁判所に和解の申立てをすることができる。
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Article 275(1)With regard to a civil dispute, a party may file a petition for settlement with the summary court that has jurisdiction over the location of the general venue of the opponent, by indicating the object and statement of claim as well as the actual circumstances of the dispute.
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(2)Where the settlement set forth in the preceding paragraph is not reached, the court, upon the petition of both parties who have appeared on the date for settlement, shall immediately order the parties to present oral arguments as they would do in a suit.In this case, the party who has filed a petition for settlement shall be deemed to have filed an action at the time of filing of the petition, and expenses for settlement shall constitute part of the court costs.
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(和解に代わる決定)
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(Order in Lieu of Settlement)
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第二百七十五条の二金銭の支払の請求を目的とする訴えについては、裁判所は、被告が口頭弁論において原告の主張した事実を争わず、その他何らの防御の方法をも提出しない場合において、被告の資力その他の事情を考慮して相当であると認めるときは、原告の意見を聴いて、第三項の期間の経過時から五年を超えない範囲内において、当該請求に係る金銭の支払について、その時期の定め若しくは分割払の定めをし、又はこれと併せて、その時期の定めに従い支払をしたとき、若しくはその分割払の定めによる期限の利益を次項の規定による定めにより失うことなく支払をしたときは訴え提起後の遅延損害金の支払義務を免除する旨の定めをして、当該請求に係る金銭の支払を命ずる決定をすることができる。
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Article 275-2(1)Where, with regard to an action to make a claim for payment of money, the defendant does not deny the facts alleged by the plaintiff at oral argument or does not advance any allegations or evidence, the court, when it finds it appropriate while taking into consideration the defendant's financial resources and any other circumstances concerned, after hearing opinions of the plaintiff, may make an order to the effect that the defendant should make a payment of money pertaining to said claim, while stipulating in the order a provision concerning the period for payment of the money pertaining to said claim or a provision authorizing installment payment with regard to such payment of money, both of which shall be within five years from the expiration of the period set forth in paragraph (3), or simultaneously stipulating a provision to the effect that if the defendant has made a payment pursuant to the provision concerning the period or has made a payment without losing, pursuant to the provision of the following paragraph, the benefit of time under the provision authorizing installment payment, he/she shall be exempted from the obligation to pay any delay damages accrued after the filing of the action.
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(準備書面の省略等)
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(Omission of Brief, etc.)
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第二百七十六条口頭弁論は、書面で準備することを要しない。
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Article 276(1)Oral argument shall not be required to be prepared by means of a document.
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(3)The matters prescribed in the preceding paragraph, except for those which are stated in a brief (limited to one served upon the opponent or one for which the opponent has submitted a document stating that he/she has received it) or for which a notice thereof under the provision of said paragraph is given, may not be alleged at oral argument without the presence of the opponent in court.
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(続行期日における陳述の擬制)
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(Constructive Statements on Date for Continuance)
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第二百七十七条第百五十八条の規定は、原告又は被告が口頭弁論の続行の期日に出頭せず、又は出頭したが本案の弁論をしない場合について準用する。
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Article 277The provision of Article 158 shall apply mutatis mutandis where the plaintiff or the defendant does not appear on the date for continuance of oral argument or appears on that date but does not present any oral arguments on merits.
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(尋問等に代わる書面の提出)
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(Submission of Document in Lieu of Examination, etc.)
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第二百七十八条裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、証人若しくは当事者本人の尋問又は鑑定人の意見の陳述に代え、書面の提出をさせることができる。
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Article 278The court, when it finds it appropriate, may allow the submission of a document in lieu of examining a witness or a party him/herself or having an expert witness state his/her opinions.
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(司法委員)
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(Judicial Commissioner)
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第二百七十九条裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、和解を試みるについて司法委員に補助をさせ、又は司法委員を審理に立ち会わせて事件につきその意見を聴くことができる。
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Article 279(1)The court, when it finds it necessary, may have a judicial commissioner assist an attempt to arrange a settlement or have a judicial commissioner attend the trial to hear his/her opinions on the case.
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(判決書の記載事項)
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(Matters to Be Stated in Judgment Document)
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第二百八十条判決書に事実及び理由を記載するには、請求の趣旨及び原因の要旨、その原因の有無並びに請求を排斥する理由である抗弁の要旨を表示すれば足りる。
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Article 280When stating facts and reasons in a judgment document, it shall be sufficient to indicate the gist of the object and statement of claim, the existence or nonexistence of the statement, and the gist of a defense which is the reason for rejecting the claim.
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第三編 上訴
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Part III Appeal
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第一章 控訴
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Chapter I Appeal to Court of Second Instance
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(控訴をすることができる判決等)
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(Judgment Appealable to Court of Second Instance, etc.)
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第二百八十一条控訴は、地方裁判所が第一審としてした終局判決又は簡易裁判所の終局判決に対してすることができる。ただし、終局判決後、当事者双方が共に上告をする権利を留保して控訴をしない旨の合意をしたときは、この限りでない。
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Article 281(1)An appeal to the court of second instance may be filed against a final judgment made by a district court as the court of first instance or a final judgment made by a summary court; provided, however, that this shall not apply where, after a final judgment is made, both parties have made an agreement not to file an appeal to the court of second instance while reserving the right to file a final appeal.
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(訴訟費用の負担の裁判に対する控訴の制限)
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(Restriction on Filing of Appeal to Court of Second Instance against Judicial Decision on Burden of Court Costs)
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第二百八十二条訴訟費用の負担の裁判に対しては、独立して控訴をすることができない。
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Article 282No appeal to the court of second instance may be filed independently against a judicial decision on the burden of court costs.
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(控訴裁判所の判断を受ける裁判)
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(Judicial Decision Subject to Determination by Court of Second Instance)
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第二百八十三条終局判決前の裁判は、控訴裁判所の判断を受ける。ただし、不服を申し立てることができない裁判及び抗告により不服を申し立てることができる裁判は、この限りでない。
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Article 283Any judicial decision made prior to a final judgment shall be subject to a determination made by the court of second instance; provided, however, that this shall not apply to a judicial decision against which no appeal may be entered and a judicial decision against which an appeal may be entered by filing an appeal against a ruling.
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(控訴権の放棄)
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(Waiver of Right to Appeal to Court of Second Instance)
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第二百八十四条控訴をする権利は、放棄することができる。
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Article 284A right to appeal to the court of second instance may be waived.
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(控訴期間)
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(Period for Filing Appeal to Court of Second Instance)
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第二百八十五条控訴は、判決書又は第二百五十四条第二項の調書の送達を受けた日から二週間の不変期間内に提起しなければならない。ただし、その期間前に提起した控訴の効力を妨げない。
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Article 285A appeal to the court of second instance shall be filed within an unextendable period of two weeks from the day on which a service of a judgment document or of a record set forth in Article 254(2) is received; provided, however, that this shall not preclude the effect of an appeal to the court of second instance filed prior to that period.
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(控訴提起の方式)
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(Formality of Filing of Appeal to Court of Second Instance)
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第二百八十六条控訴の提起は、控訴状を第一審裁判所に提出してしなければならない。
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Article 286(1)An appeal to the court of second instance shall be filed by submitting a petition for appeal to the court of first instance.
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一当事者及び法定代理人
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(i)The parties and statutory agents
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二第一審判決の表示及びその判決に対して控訴をする旨
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(ii)The indication of the judgment of first instance and a statement to the effect that an appeal is filed against this judgment
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(第一審裁判所による控訴の却下)
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(Dismissal of Appeal without Prejudice by Court of First Instance)
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第二百八十七条控訴が不適法でその不備を補正することができないことが明らかであるときは、第一審裁判所は、決定で、控訴を却下しなければならない。
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Article 287(1)If an appeal to the court of second instance is unlawful and it is obvious that such defect cannot be corrected, the court of first instance, by an order, shall dismiss the appeal without prejudice.
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(裁判長の控訴状審査権)
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(Presiding Judge's Authority to Examine Petition for Appeal)
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第二百八十八条第百三十七条の規定は、控訴状が第二百八十六条第二項の規定に違反する場合及び民事訴訟費用等に関する法律の規定に従い控訴の提起の手数料を納付しない場合について準用する。
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Article 288The provision of Article 137 shall apply mutatis mutandis where a petition for appeal is in violation of Article 286(2) and where fees for filing an appeal to the court of second instance required under the provisions of the Act on Costs of Civil Procedure are not paid.
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(控訴状の送達)
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(Service of Petition for Appeal)
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第二百八十九条控訴状は、被控訴人に送達しなければならない。
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Article 289(1)A petition for appeal shall be served upon the appellee.
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(口頭弁論を経ない控訴の却下)
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(Dismissal of Appeal without Prejudice, without Oral Argument)
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第二百九十条控訴が不適法でその不備を補正することができないときは、控訴裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、控訴を却下することができる。
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Article 290If an appeal to the court of second instance is unlawful and such defect cannot be corrected, the court of second instance, by a judgment, may dismiss the appeal without prejudice, without oral argument.
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(呼出費用の予納がない場合の控訴の却下)
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(Dismissal of Appeal without Prejudice in the case of No Prepayment of Expenses for Summons)
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第二百九十一条控訴裁判所は、民事訴訟費用等に関する法律の規定に従い当事者に対する期日の呼出しに必要な費用の予納を相当の期間を定めて控訴人に命じた場合において、その予納がないときは、決定で、控訴を却下することができる。
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Article 291(1)Where the court of second instance has specified a reasonable period and ordered the appellant to prepay, under the provisions of the Act on Costs of Civil Procedure, the expenses necessary for issuing a summons to the parties to appear on the appearance date, but such expenses are not prepaid, the court, by an order, may dismiss the appeal without prejudice.
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(控訴の取下げ)
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(Withdrawal of Appeal to Court of Second Instance)
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第二百九十二条控訴は、控訴審の終局判決があるまで、取り下げることができる。
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Article 292(1)An appeal to the court of second instance may be withdrawn before the court of second instance makes a final judgment.
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(附帯控訴)
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(Incidental Appeal)
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第二百九十三条被控訴人は、控訴権が消滅した後であっても、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、附帯控訴をすることができる。
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Article 293(1)The appellee, even after the extinction of a right to appeal to the court of second instance, may file an incidental appeal until oral argument is concluded.
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(2)An incidental appeal shall cease to be effective when an appeal to the court of second instance is withdrawn or an appeal to the court of second instance is dismissed as unlawful without prejudice; provided, however, that an incidental appeal that meets the requirements for an appeal to the court of second instance shall be deemed to be an independent appeal to the court of second instance.
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(第一審判決についての仮執行の宣言)
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(Declaration of Provisional Execution Regarding Judgment of First Instance)
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第二百九十四条控訴裁判所は、第一審判決について不服の申立てがない部分に限り、申立てにより、決定で、仮執行の宣言をすることができる。
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Article 294The court of second instance, only with regard to the part of the judgment of first instance against which no appeal is entered, upon petition, may declare provisional execution by an order.
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(仮執行に関する裁判に対する不服申立て)
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(Appeal against Judicial Decision Concerning Provisional Execution)
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第二百九十五条仮執行に関する控訴審の裁判に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。ただし、前条の申立てを却下する決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
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Article 295No appeal may be entered against a judicial decision made by the court of second instance concerning provisional execution; provided, however, that an immediate appeal may be filed against an order to dismiss without prejudice the petition set forth in the preceding Article.
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(口頭弁論の範囲等)
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(Scope of Oral Argument, etc.)
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第二百九十六条口頭弁論は、当事者が第一審判決の変更を求める限度においてのみ、これをする。
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Article 296(1)Oral argument shall be conducted only to the extent that a party seeks modification of the judgment of first instance.
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(第一審の訴訟手続の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Court Proceedings in First Instance)
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第二百九十七条前編第一章から第七章までの規定は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、控訴審の訴訟手続について準用する。ただし、第二百六十九条の規定は、この限りでない。
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Article 297The provisions of Part II, Chapter I to Chapter VII, except as otherwise provided, shall apply mutatis mutandis to court proceedings in the second instance; provided, however, that this shall not apply to Article 269.
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(第一審の訴訟行為の効力等)
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(Effect of Procedural Act Performed in First Instance, etc.)
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第二百九十八条第一審においてした訴訟行為は、控訴審においてもその効力を有する。
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Article 298(1)Any procedural act performed in the first instance shall also be effective in the second instance.
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(2)The provision of Article 167 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a party who advances allegations and evidence in the second instance with regard to the case for which preliminary oral arguments or preparatory proceedings have been closed in the first instance, and the provision of Article 178 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a party who advances allegations and evidence in the second instance in cases where the statements or confirmation set forth in said Article have or has been made with regard to the case for which preparatory proceedings by means of documents have been closed in the first instance.
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(第一審の管轄違いの主張の制限)
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(Restriction on Allegation of Lack of Jurisdiction of Court of First Instance)
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第二百九十九条控訴審においては、当事者は、第一審裁判所が管轄権を有しないことを主張することができない。ただし、専属管轄(当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。)については、この限りでない。
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Article 299(1)In the second instance, the parties may not allege that the court of first instance has no jurisdiction; provided, however, that this shall not apply to an exclusive jurisdiction (excluding one determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provision of Article 11).
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(2)Where the court of first instance set forth in the preceding paragraph is the court specified in any of the items of Article 6(1), if the suit is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provision of Article 6(1), the provision of the proviso to the preceding paragraph shall not apply.
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(反訴の提起等)
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(Filing of Counterclaim, etc.)
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第三百条控訴審においては、反訴の提起は、相手方の同意がある場合に限り、することができる。
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Article 300(1)In the second instance, a counterclaim may be filed only with the consent of the opponent.
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(攻撃防御方法の提出等の期間)
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(Period for Advancement of Allegations and Evidence, etc.)
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第三百一条裁判長は、当事者の意見を聴いて、攻撃若しくは防御の方法の提出、請求若しくは請求の原因の変更、反訴の提起又は選定者に係る請求の追加をすべき期間を定めることができる。
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Article 301(1)The presiding judge, after hearing opinions of the parties, may specify periods for advancing allegations and evidence, amending the claim or statement of claim, filing a counterclaim or adding a claim pertaining to appointers.
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(控訴棄却)
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(Dismissal of Appeal with Prejudice on Merits)
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第三百二条控訴裁判所は、第一審判決を相当とするときは、控訴を棄却しなければならない。
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Article 302(1)The court of second instance, when it finds that the judgment of first instance is appropriate, shall dismiss the appeal filed thereto with prejudice on the merits.
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(控訴権の濫用に対する制裁)
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(Sanction against Abuse of Right to Appeal to Court of Second Instance)
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第三百三条控訴裁判所は、前条第一項の規定により控訴を棄却する場合において、控訴人が訴訟の完結を遅延させることのみを目的として控訴を提起したものと認めるときは、控訴人に対し、控訴の提起の手数料として納付すべき金額の十倍以下の金銭の納付を命ずることができる。
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Article 303(1)Where the court of second instance dismisses the appeal filed thereto with prejudice on the merits pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, if it finds that the appellant has filed the appeal exclusively for the purpose of delaying the conclusion of the suit, it may order the appellant to pay money of not more than ten times the amount payable as fees for filing an appeal with the court of second instance.
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(第一審判決の取消し及び変更の範囲)
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(Scope of Revocation and Modification of Judgment of First Instance)
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第三百四条第一審判決の取消し及び変更は、不服申立ての限度においてのみ、これをすることができる。
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Article 304A judgment of first instance may be revoked and modified only to the extent that an appeal is entered against it.
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(第一審判決が不当な場合の取消し)
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(Revocation of Unjust Judgment of First Instance)
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第三百五条控訴裁判所は、第一審判決を不当とするときは、これを取り消さなければならない。
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Article 305The court of second instance shall revoke the judgment of first instance when it finds that the judgment is unjust.
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(第一審の判決の手続が違法な場合の取消し)
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(Revocation of Judgment Made by Court of First Instance by Illegal Procedure)
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第三百六条第一審の判決の手続が法律に違反したときは、控訴裁判所は、第一審判決を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 306If the procedures followed by the court of first instance when making a judgment are in violation of any Acts, the court of second instance shall revoke the judgment of first instance.
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(事件の差戻し)
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(Remand of Case)
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第三百七条控訴裁判所は、訴えを不適法として却下した第一審判決を取り消す場合には、事件を第一審裁判所に差し戻さなければならない。ただし、事件につき更に弁論をする必要がないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 307The court of second instance, when revoking the judgment of first instance that has dismissed the action as unlawful without prejudice, shall remand the case to the court of first instance; provided, however, that this shall not apply where additional oral arguments concerning the case are not necessary.
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(第一審の管轄違いを理由とする移送)
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(Transfer on Grounds of Lack of Jurisdiction of Court of First Instance)
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第三百九条控訴裁判所は、事件が管轄違いであることを理由として第一審判決を取り消すときは、判決で、事件を管轄裁判所に移送しなければならない。
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Article 309The court of second instance, when revoking the judgment of first instance on the grounds of lack of jurisdiction over the case, shall transfer the case to a court with jurisdiction.
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(控訴審の判決における仮執行の宣言)
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(Declaration of Provisional Execution in Judgment Made by Court of Second Instance)
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第三百十条控訴裁判所は、金銭の支払の請求(第二百五十九条第二項の請求を除く。)に関する判決については、申立てがあるときは、不必要と認める場合を除き、担保を立てないで仮執行をすることができることを宣言しなければならない。ただし、控訴裁判所が相当と認めるときは、仮執行を担保を立てることに係らしめることができる。
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Article 310The court of second instance, with regard to a judgment concerning a claim for payment of money (excluding a claim set forth in Article 259(2)), upon petition, shall declare that provisional execution may be enforced without security, unless it finds such declaration unnecessary; provided, however, that when the court of second instance finds it appropriate, it may require the provision of security for provisional execution.
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(特許権等に関する訴えに係る控訴事件における合議体の構成)
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(Composition of Panel in Appeal Case against Action Relating to Patent Right, etc.)
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第三百十条の二第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所が第一審としてした特許権等に関する訴えについての終局判決に対する控訴が提起された東京高等裁判所においては、当該控訴に係る事件について、五人の裁判官の合議体で審理及び裁判をする旨の決定をその合議体ですることができる。ただし、第二十条の二第一項の規定により移送された訴訟に係る訴えについての終局判決に対する控訴に係る事件については、この限りでない。
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Article 310-2In the Tokyo High Court with which an appeal is filed against a final judgment on an action relating to a patent right, etc. that is made by any of the courts specified in the items of Article 6(1) as the court of first instance, a panel of five judges may make an order to the effect that said panel shall conduct a trial and make a judicial decision on that case; provided, however, that this shall not apply to a case pertaining to an appeal to the court of second instance against a final judgment on an action pertaining to a suit transferred pursuant to the provision of Article 20-2(1).
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第二章 上告
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Chapter II Final Appeal
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(上告裁判所)
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(Final Appellate Court)
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第三百十一条上告は、高等裁判所が第二審又は第一審としてした終局判決に対しては最高裁判所に、地方裁判所が第二審としてした終局判決に対しては高等裁判所にすることができる。
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Article 311(1)A final appeal may be filed with the Supreme Court against a final judgment made by a high court as the court of second instance or the court of first instance, and may be filed with a high court against a final judgment made by a district court as the court of second instance.
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(上告の理由)
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(Reasons for Final Appeal)
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第三百十二条上告は、判決に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があることを理由とするときに、することができる。
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Article 312(1)A final appeal may be filed by reason that a judgment contains a misconstruction of the Constitution or any other violation of the Constitution.
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(2)A final appeal may also be filed by reason of the existence of any of the following grounds; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the grounds set forth in item (iv) where ratification is made under the provision of Article 34(2) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 59):
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一法律に従って判決裁判所を構成しなかったこと。
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(i)The court rendering judgment was not composed under any Acts.
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二法律により判決に関与することができない裁判官が判決に関与したこと。
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(ii)A judge who may not participate in making the judgment under any Acts participated in making the judgment.
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三専属管轄に関する規定に違反したこと(第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所が第一審の終局判決をした場合において当該訴訟が同項の規定により他の裁判所の専属管轄に属するときを除く。)。
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(iii)The judgment was made in violation of the provisions concerning exclusive jurisdiction (excluding cases where any of the courts specified in the items of Article 6(1) made a final judgment in the first instance when the suit is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provision of Article 6(1)).
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四法定代理権、訴訟代理権又は代理人が訴訟行為をするのに必要な授権を欠いたこと。
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(iv)The judgment was made in the absence of the authority of statutory representation, authority of representation in a suit or the delegation of powers necessary for performing procedural acts.
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五口頭弁論の公開の規定に違反したこと。
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(v)The judgment was made in violation of the provision on the opening of oral argument to the public.
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六判決に理由を付せず、又は理由に食違いがあること。
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(vi)The judgment lacks reasons, or the reasons attached to the judgment are inconsistent.
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(控訴の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Appeal to Court of Second Instance)
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第三百十三条前章の規定は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、上告及び上告審の訴訟手続について準用する。
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Article 313The provisions of the preceding Chapter, except as otherwise provided, shall apply mutatis mutandis to a final appeal and court proceedings in the final appellate instance.
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(上告提起の方式等)
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(Formality of Filing of Final Appeal, etc.)
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第三百十四条上告の提起は、上告状を原裁判所に提出してしなければならない。
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Article 314(1)A final appeal shall be filed by submitting a petition for final appeal to the court of prior instance.
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(上告の理由の記載)
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(Statement of Reasons for Final Appeal)
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第三百十五条上告状に上告の理由の記載がないときは、上告人は、最高裁判所規則で定める期間内に、上告理由書を原裁判所に提出しなければならない。
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Article 315(1)If a petition for final appeal does not state any reasons for final appeal, a statement of reasons for final appeal shall be submitted to the court of prior instance within the period specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(原裁判所による上告の却下)
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(Dismissal of Final Appeal without Prejudice by Court of Prior Instance)
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第三百十六条次の各号に該当することが明らかであるときは、原裁判所は、決定で、上告を却下しなければならない。
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Article 316(1)Where it is obvious that a final appeal falls under any of the following items, the court of prior instance, by an order, shall dismiss the final appeal without prejudice:
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一上告が不適法でその不備を補正することができないとき。
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(i)Where the final appeal is unlawful and such defect cannot be corrected.
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二前条第一項の規定に違反して上告理由書を提出せず、又は上告の理由の記載が同条第二項の規定に違反しているとき。
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(ii)Where a statement of reasons for final appeal is not submitted in violation of the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, or the stated reasons for final appeal are in violation of paragraph (2) of said Article.
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(上告裁判所による上告の却下等)
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(Dismissal of Final Appeal without Prejudice by Final Appellate Court, etc.)
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第三百十七条前条第一項各号に掲げる場合には、上告裁判所は、決定で、上告を却下することができる。
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Article 317(1)In the cases listed in the items of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the final appellate court, by an order, may dismiss a final appeal without prejudice.
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(上告受理の申立て)
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(Petition for Acceptance of Final Appeal)
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第三百十八条上告をすべき裁判所が最高裁判所である場合には、最高裁判所は、原判決に最高裁判所の判例(これがない場合にあっては、大審院又は上告裁判所若しくは控訴裁判所である高等裁判所の判例)と相反する判断がある事件その他の法令の解釈に関する重要な事項を含むものと認められる事件について、申立てにより、決定で、上告審として事件を受理することができる。
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Article 318(1)With regard to a case in which the judgment in prior instance contains a determination that is inconsistent with precedents rendered by the Supreme Court (or precedents rendered by the former Supreme Court or those rendered by high courts as the final appellate court or the court of second instance, if there are no precedents rendered by the Supreme Court) or any other case in which the judgment in prior instance is found to involve material matters concerning the construction of laws and regulations, where the court with which a final appeal shall be filed is the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court, upon petition, by an order, may accept such case as the final appellate court.
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(4)Where an order set forth in paragraph (1) is made, it shall be deemed that a final appeal is filed.In this case, for the purpose of application of the provision of Article 320, the reasons for petition for acceptance of final appeal except for those excluded pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to be the reasons for final appeal.
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(口頭弁論を経ない上告の棄却)
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(Dismissal of Final Appeal with Prejudice on Merits, without Oral Argument)
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第三百十九条上告裁判所は、上告状、上告理由書、答弁書その他の書類により、上告を理由がないと認めるときは、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、上告を棄却することができる。
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Article 319The final appellate court, when it finds that a final appeal is groundless based on the petition for final appeal, statement of reasons for final appeal, written answer or any other documents, may dismiss the final appeal with prejudice on the merits by a judgment, without oral argument.
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(調査の範囲)
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(Scope of Examination)
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第三百二十条上告裁判所は、上告の理由に基づき、不服の申立てがあった限度においてのみ調査をする。
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Article 320The final appellate court, based on the reasons for final appeal, shall conduct an examination only to the extent that an appeal is entered.
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(原判決の確定した事実の拘束)
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(Binding Force of Facts Determined by Judgment in Prior Instance)
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第三百二十一条原判決において適法に確定した事実は、上告裁判所を拘束する。
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Article 321(1)The facts legally determined by the judgment in prior instance shall be binding on the final appellate court.
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(職権調査事項についての適用除外)
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(Exclusion from Application of Matters to Be Examined by Court's Own Authority)
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第三百二十二条前二条の規定は、裁判所が職権で調査すべき事項には、適用しない。
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Article 322The provisions of the preceding two Articles shall not apply to matters to be examined by the court's own authority.
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(仮執行の宣言)
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(Declaration of Provisional Execution)
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第三百二十三条上告裁判所は、原判決について不服の申立てがない部分に限り、申立てにより、決定で、仮執行の宣言をすることができる。
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Article 323With regard to the part of the judgment in prior instance against which no appeal is entered, the final appellate court, upon petition, by an order, may declare provisional execution.
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(最高裁判所への移送)
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(Transfer to the Supreme Court)
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第三百二十四条上告裁判所である高等裁判所は、最高裁判所規則で定める事由があるときは、決定で、事件を最高裁判所に移送しなければならない。
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Article 324A high court, as the final appellate court, by an order, shall transfer a case to the Supreme Court if any grounds specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court exist.
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(破棄差戻し等)
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(Quashing and Remand, etc.)
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第三百二十五条第三百十二条第一項又は第二項に規定する事由があるときは、上告裁判所は、原判決を破棄し、次条の場合を除き、事件を原裁判所に差し戻し、又はこれと同等の他の裁判所に移送しなければならない。高等裁判所が上告裁判所である場合において、判決に影響を及ぼすことが明らかな法令の違反があるときも、同様とする。
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Article 325(1)Where the grounds prescribed in Article 312(1) or (2) exist, the final appellate court shall quash the judgment in prior instance, and except in the cases set forth in the following Article, shall remand the case to the court of prior instance or transfer the case to another court equivalent thereto.The same shall apply where a high court is the final appellate court and there is a violation of laws or regulations that apparently affects a judgment.
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(2)The Supreme Court, as the final appellate court, even where the grounds prescribed in Article 312(1) or (2) do not exist, may quash the judgment in prior instance if there is a violation of laws or regulations that apparently affects a judgment, and except in the cases set forth in the following Article, may remand the case to the court of prior instance or transfer the case to another court equivalent thereto.
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(3)The court to which a case is remanded or transferred pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall make a judicial decision based on additional oral argument.In this case, the factual or legal determination based on which the final appellate court has quashed the judgment shall be binding on the court to which the case is remanded or transferred.
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(破棄自判)
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(Quashing and Decision by Final Appellate Court)
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第三百二十六条次に掲げる場合には、上告裁判所は、事件について裁判をしなければならない。
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Article 326In the following cases, the final appellate court shall make a judicial decision on the case:
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一確定した事実について憲法その他の法令の適用を誤ったことを理由として判決を破棄する場合において、事件がその事実に基づき裁判をするのに熟するとき。
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(i)Where the final appellate court quashes the judgment on the grounds that the judgment has erred in applying the Constitution or any other laws or regulations to the determined facts, and the case is ripe for making a judicial decision based on such facts.
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二事件が裁判所の権限に属しないことを理由として判決を破棄するとき。
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(ii)Where the final appellate court quashes the judgment on the grounds that the case is subject to the jurisdiction of no court.
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(特別上告)
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(Special Appeal to Court of Last Resort)
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第三百二十七条高等裁判所が上告審としてした終局判決に対しては、その判決に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があることを理由とするときに限り、最高裁判所に更に上告をすることができる。
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Article 327(1)Against a final judgment made by a high court as the final appellate court, an appeal may further be filed with the Supreme Court only on the grounds that the judgment contains a misconstruction of the Constitution or any other violation of the Constitution.
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(2)With regard to the appeal set forth in the preceding paragraph and court proceedings in the appellate instance, unless contrary to the nature thereof, the provisions concerning a final appeal against a final judgment made by the court of second instance or the court of first instance and court proceedings in the final appellate instance shall apply mutatis mutandis.In this case, the phrase "the judgment in prior instance" in Article 321(1) shall be deemed to be replaced with "a final judgment made by a district court as the court of second instance (in cases where a final appeal is filed under the provision of Article 311(2), a final judgment made by a summary court").
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第三章 抗告
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Chapter III Appeal against Ruling
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(抗告をすることができる裁判)
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(Judicial Decision Subject to Appeal against Ruling)
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第三百二十八条口頭弁論を経ないで訴訟手続に関する申立てを却下した決定又は命令に対しては、抗告をすることができる。
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Article 328(1)An appeal against a ruling may be filed against an order or direction that has dismissed without prejudice a petition concerning court proceedings, without oral argument.
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(受命裁判官等の裁判に対する不服申立て)
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(Appeal against Judicial Decision Made by Authorized Judge, etc.)
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第三百二十九条受命裁判官又は受託裁判官の裁判に対して不服がある当事者は、受訴裁判所に異議の申立てをすることができる。ただし、その裁判が受訴裁判所の裁判であるとした場合に抗告をすることができるものであるときに限る。
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Article 329(1)A party who disagrees with a judicial decision made by an authorized judge or commissioned judge may make an objection to the court in charge of the case; provided, however, that this shall apply only where an appeal against a ruling may be filed against the judicial decision if it is made by the court in charge of the case.
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(再抗告)
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(Re-appeal from Appeal against Ruling)
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第三百三十条抗告裁判所の決定に対しては、その決定に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があること、又は決定に影響を及ぼすことが明らかな法令の違反があることを理由とするときに限り、更に抗告をすることができる。
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Article 330An appeal against a ruling may further be filed against an order made by the court in charge of an appeal against a ruling only on the grounds that the order contains a misconstruction of the Constitution or any other violation of the Constitution or that there is a violation of laws or regulations that apparently affects an order.
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(控訴又は上告の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Appeal to Court of Second Instance or Final Appeal)
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第三百三十一条抗告及び抗告裁判所の訴訟手続には、その性質に反しない限り、第一章の規定を準用する。ただし、前条の抗告及びこれに関する訴訟手続には、前章の規定中第二審又は第一審の終局判決に対する上告及びその上告審の訴訟手続に関する規定を準用する。
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Article 331With regard to an appeal against a ruling and court proceedings in the court in charge of an appeal against a ruling, unless contrary to the nature thereof, the provisions of Chapter I shall apply mutatis mutandis; provided, however, that with regard to an appeal against a ruling set forth in the preceding Article and court proceedings for such appeal, the provisions of the preceding Chapter concerning a final appeal against a final judgment made by the court of second instance or the court of first instance and court proceedings in the final appellate instance shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(即時抗告期間)
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(Period for Filing Immediate Appeal)
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第三百三十二条即時抗告は、裁判の告知を受けた日から一週間の不変期間内にしなければならない。
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Article 332An immediate appeal shall be filed within an unextendable period of one week from the day on which a notice of the judicial decision is received.
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(原裁判所等による更正)
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(Correction by Court of Prior Instance, etc.)
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第三百三十三条原裁判をした裁判所又は裁判長は、抗告を理由があると認めるときは、その裁判を更正しなければならない。
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Article 333The court or the presiding judge which or who has made the judicial decision of prior instance, when it or he/she finds that an appeal against a ruling is well-grounded, shall correct the judicial decision.
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(原裁判の執行停止)
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(Stay of Execution of Judicial Decision of Prior Instance)
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第三百三十四条抗告は、即時抗告に限り、執行停止の効力を有する。
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Article 334(1)An appeal against a ruling, only if it is filed as an immediate appeal, shall have the effect of stay of execution.
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(2)The court in charge of an appeal against a ruling or the court or the presiding judge which or who has made the judicial decision of prior instance, until an order is made on the appeal against a ruling, may order stay of execution of the judicial decision of prior instance or any other necessary disposition.
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(口頭弁論に代わる審尋)
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(Interrogation in Lieu of Oral Argument)
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第三百三十五条抗告裁判所は、抗告について口頭弁論をしない場合には、抗告人その他の利害関係人を審尋することができる。
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Article 335The court in charge of an appeal against a ruling, if it does not hold oral argument on the appeal against a ruling, may interrogate the appellant and any other interested person.
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(特別抗告)
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(Special Appeal against Ruling to the Supreme Court)
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第三百三十六条地方裁判所及び簡易裁判所の決定及び命令で不服を申し立てることができないもの並びに高等裁判所の決定及び命令に対しては、その裁判に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があることを理由とするときに、最高裁判所に特に抗告をすることができる。
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Article 336(1)Against an order and a direction made in a district court or summary court against which no appeal may be entered as well as an order and a direction made in a high court, a special appeal against a ruling may further be filed with the Supreme Court on the grounds that the respective judicial decision contains a misconstruction of the Constitution or any other violation of the Constitution.
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(3)With regard to an appeal against a ruling set forth in paragraph (1) and court proceedings for such appeal, unless contrary to the nature thereof, the provisions concerning an appeal set forth in Article 327(1) and court proceedings in the appellate instance and the provision of Article 334(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(許可抗告)
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(Appeal with Permission)
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第三百三十七条高等裁判所の決定及び命令(第三百三十条の抗告及び次項の申立てについての決定及び命令を除く。)に対しては、前条第一項の規定による場合のほか、その高等裁判所が次項の規定により許可したときに限り、最高裁判所に特に抗告をすることができる。ただし、その裁判が地方裁判所の裁判であるとした場合に抗告をすることができるものであるときに限る。
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Article 337(1)Against an order and direction made in a high court (excluding an order and direction on an appeal against a ruling set forth in Article 330 and a petition set forth in the following paragraph), in addition to the case under the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, an appeal may be specially filed with the Supreme Court only if the high court permits it pursuant to the provision of the following paragraph; provided, however, that this shall apply only where an appeal against a ruling may be filed against the respective judicial decision if it is made by a district court.
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(2)Where the judicial decision set forth in the preceding paragraph contains a determination that is inconsistent with precedents rendered by the Supreme Court (or precedents rendered by the former Supreme Court or those rendered by high courts as the final appellate court or the court in charge of an appeal against a ruling, if there are no precedents rendered by the Supreme Court) or where said judicial decision is found to involve material matters concerning the construction of laws and regulations, the high court set forth in said paragraph, upon petition, by an order, may permit an appeal against a ruling.
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(6)The provisions of Article 313, Article 315 and paragraph (2) of the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to the petition set forth in paragraph (2), the provision of Article 318(3) shall apply mutatis mutandis where the court grants permission under the provision of paragraph (2), and the provisions of the second sentence of Article 318(4) and paragraph (3) of the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis where permission is granted under the provision of paragraph (2).
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第四編 再審
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Part IV Retrial
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(再審の事由)
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(Grounds for Retrial)
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第三百三十八条次に掲げる事由がある場合には、確定した終局判決に対し、再審の訴えをもって、不服を申し立てることができる。ただし、当事者が控訴若しくは上告によりその事由を主張したとき、又はこれを知りながら主張しなかったときは、この限りでない。
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Article 338(1)Where any of the following grounds exist, an appeal may be entered by filing an action for retrial against a final judgment that has become final and binding; provided, however, that this shall not apply where a party, when filing the appeal to the court of second instance or final appeal, alleged such grounds or did not allege them while being aware of them:
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一法律に従って判決裁判所を構成しなかったこと。
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(i)The court rendering judgment was not composed under any Acts.
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二法律により判決に関与することができない裁判官が判決に関与したこと。
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(ii)A judge who may not participate in making the judgment under any Acts participated in making the judgment.
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三法定代理権、訴訟代理権又は代理人が訴訟行為をするのに必要な授権を欠いたこと。
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(iii)The judgment was made in the absence of the authority of statutory representation, authority of representation in a suit or the delegation of powers necessary for performing procedural acts.
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四判決に関与した裁判官が事件について職務に関する罪を犯したこと。
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(iv)The judge who participated in making the judgment has committed a crime in relation to his/her duties with regard to the case.
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五刑事上罰すべき他人の行為により、自白をするに至ったこと又は判決に影響を及ぼすべき攻撃若しくは防御の方法を提出することを妨げられたこと。
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(v)Another person's act that is criminally punishable caused the party to admit any fact or prevented him/her from advancing allegations or evidence that should have affected a judgment.
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六判決の証拠となった文書その他の物件が偽造又は変造されたものであったこと。
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(vi)The documents or any other objects used as evidence for making the judgment were forged or altered.
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七証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は宣誓した当事者若しくは法定代理人の虚偽の陳述が判決の証拠となったこと。
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(vii)False statements by a witness, an expert witness, interpreter or a party or statutory agent who had sworn were used as evidence for making the judgment.
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八判決の基礎となった民事若しくは刑事の判決その他の裁判又は行政処分が後の裁判又は行政処分により変更されたこと。
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(viii)The judgment or other judicial decision on a civil or criminal case or administrative disposition, based on which the judgment pertaining to the appeal was made, has been modified by a subsequent judicial decision or administrative disposition.
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九判決に影響を及ぼすべき重要な事項について判断の遺脱があったこと。
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(ix)There was an omission in a determination with regard to material matters that should have affected a judgment.
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十不服の申立てに係る判決が前に確定した判決と抵触すること。
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(x)The judgment pertaining to an appeal conflicts with a previous judgment that has become final and binding.
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(2)Where any of the grounds set forth in item (iv) to item (vii) of the preceding paragraph exist, an action for retrial may be filed only if, with regard to a punishable act, a judgment of conviction or judgment of a non-penal fine has become final and binding, or a final and binding judgment of conviction or final and binding judgment of a non-penal fine cannot be obtained due to grounds other than grounds of lack of evidence.
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Article 339Where the grounds prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article exist with regard to the judicial decision based on which a judgment is made (limited to the case prescribed in paragraph (2) of said Article if any of the grounds set forth in item (iv) to (vii) of said paragraph exist), such grounds may be stated as grounds for retrial against the judgment, even if any method of entering an independent appeal against such judicial decision is specified.
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(管轄裁判所)
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(Court with Jurisdiction)
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第三百四十条再審の訴えは、不服の申立てに係る判決をした裁判所の管轄に専属する。
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Article 340(1)An action for retrial shall be subject exclusively to the jurisdiction of the court that has made the judgment pertaining to an appeal.
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(再審の訴訟手続)
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(Court Proceedings for Retrial)
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第三百四十一条再審の訴訟手続には、その性質に反しない限り、各審級における訴訟手続に関する規定を準用する。
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Article 341With regard to court proceedings for retrial, unless contrary to the nature thereof, the provisions concerning court proceedings in their respective instances shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(再審期間)
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(Period of Retrial)
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第三百四十二条再審の訴えは、当事者が判決の確定した後再審の事由を知った日から三十日の不変期間内に提起しなければならない。
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Article 342(1)An action for retrial shall be filed within an unextendable period of 30 days from the day on which a party has become aware of the grounds for retrial after the judgment became final and binding.
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(再審の訴状の記載事項)
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(Matters to Be Stated in Complaint for Retrial)
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第三百四十三条再審の訴状には、次に掲げる事項を記載しなければならない。
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Article 343A complaint for retrial shall state the following matters:
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一当事者及び法定代理人
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(i)The parties and statutory agents
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二不服の申立てに係る判決の表示及びその判決に対して再審を求める旨
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(ii)The indication of the judgment pertaining to an appeal and the statement to the effect that a retrial is sought against this judgment
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三不服の理由
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(iii)The reasons for appeal
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(不服の理由の変更)
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(Amendment of Reasons for Appeal)
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第三百四十四条再審の訴えを提起した当事者は、不服の理由を変更することができる。
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Article 344A party who has filed an action for retrial may amend the reasons for appeal.
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(再審の訴えの却下等)
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(Dismissal without Prejudice of Action for Retrial, etc.)
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第三百四十五条裁判所は、再審の訴えが不適法である場合には、決定で、これを却下しなければならない。
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Article 345(1)Where an action for retrial is unlawful, the court, by an order, shall dismiss it without prejudice.
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(再審開始の決定)
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(Order of Commencement of Retrial)
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第三百四十六条裁判所は、再審の事由がある場合には、再審開始の決定をしなければならない。
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Article 346(1)The court, where there are grounds for retrial, shall make an order of commencement of retrial.
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(即時抗告)
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(Immediate Appeal)
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第三百四十七条第三百四十五条第一項及び第二項並びに前条第一項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
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Article 347An immediate appeal may be filed against the order set forth in Article 345(1) and (2) and paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
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(本案の審理及び裁判)
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(Trial and Judicial Decision on Merits)
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第三百四十八条裁判所は、再審開始の決定が確定した場合には、不服申立ての限度で、本案の審理及び裁判をする。
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Article 348(1)The court, where an order of commencement of retrial becomes final and binding, shall conduct a trial and make a judicial decision on the merits to the extent that an appeal is entered.
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(決定又は命令に対する再審)
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(Retrial against Order or Direction)
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第三百四十九条即時抗告をもって不服を申し立てることができる決定又は命令で確定したものに対しては、再審の申立てをすることができる。
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Article 349(1)A petition for retrial may be filed against an order or direction against which an appeal may be entered by filing an immediate appeal, which has become final and binding.
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第五編 手形訴訟及び小切手訴訟に関する特則
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Part V Special Provisions on Actions on Bills and Notes and Actions on Checks
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(手形訴訟の要件)
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(Requirements for Action on Bills and Notes)
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第三百五十条手形による金銭の支払の請求及びこれに附帯する法定利率による損害賠償の請求を目的とする訴えについては、手形訴訟による審理及び裁判を求めることができる。
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Article 350(1)For a claim for payment of money for a bill or note and a claim for damages at the statutory interest rate that is incidental thereto, a trial and judicial decision may be sought by way of an action on bills and notes.
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(反訴の禁止)
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(Prohibition of Counterclaim)
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第三百五十一条手形訴訟においては、反訴を提起することができない。
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Article 351No counterclaim may be filed in an action on bills and notes.
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(証拠調べの制限)
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(Restriction on Examination of Evidence)
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第三百五十二条手形訴訟においては、証拠調べは、書証に限りすることができる。
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Article 352(1)In an action on bills and notes, the examination of evidence shall be limited to documentary evidence.
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(通常の手続への移行)
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(Transfer to Ordinary Proceedings)
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第三百五十三条原告は、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、被告の承諾を要しないで、訴訟を通常の手続に移行させる旨の申述をすることができる。
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Article 353(1)The plaintiff, until oral argument is concluded, without the consent of the defendant, may state that he/she requests the action to be transferred to ordinary proceedings.
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(3)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the court shall immediately send to the defendant a document stating that the action has been transferred to ordinary proceedings; provided, however, that if the statement set forth in paragraph (1) is made orally on the date on which the defendant has appeared, it shall not be required to be sent to the defendant.
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(口頭弁論の終結)
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(Conclusion of Oral Argument)
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第三百五十四条裁判所は、被告が口頭弁論において原告が主張した事実を争わず、その他何らの防御の方法をも提出しない場合には、前条第三項の規定による書面の送付前であっても、口頭弁論を終結することができる。
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Article 354The court, where the defendant does not deny the facts alleged by the plaintiff at oral argument or does not advance any allegations or evidence, may conclude oral argument even before sending the document under the provision of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article.
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(口頭弁論を経ない訴えの却下)
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(Dismissal of Action without Prejudice, without Oral Argument)
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第三百五十五条請求の全部又は一部が手形訴訟による審理及び裁判をすることができないものであるときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、訴えの全部又は一部を却下することができる。
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Article 355(1)If the whole or part of a claim is not eligible for a trial and judicial decision by way of an action on bills and notes, the court, by a judgment, may dismiss without prejudice the whole or part of the action, without oral argument.
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(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the plaintiff has filed an action to make a claim set forth in said paragraph through ordinary proceedings within two weeks from the day on which he/she received a service of a judgment document, for the purpose of application of the provision of Article 147, such action shall be deemed to have been filed at the time of the filing of the previous action.
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(控訴の禁止)
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(Prohibition of Appeal)
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第三百五十六条手形訴訟の終局判決に |