民事執行法(昭和五十四年法律第四号)
Civil Enforcement Act(Act No. 4 of 1979)
最終更新:令和元年法律第二号
Last Version: Act No. 2 of 2019
TOC
History
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▶Main Provision
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August 1, 2024
- Last Version: Act No. 2 of 2019
- Translated Date: March 24, 2023
- Dictionary Version: 15.0
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March 31, 2009
- Last Version: Act No. 95 of 2007
- Translated Date: April 1, 2009
- Dictionary Version: 3.0
民事執行法(暫定版)
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Civil Enforcement Act (Tentative translation)
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昭和五十四年三月三十日法律第四号
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Act No. 4 of March 30, 1979
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第一章 総則(第一条―第二十一条)
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Chapter I General Provisions(Article 1 to Article 21)
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第二章 強制執行
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Chapter II Judicial Enforcement
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第一節 総則(第二十二条―第四十二条)
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Section 1 General Provisions(Article 22 to Article 42)
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第二節 金銭の支払を目的とする債権についての強制執行
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Section 2 Judicial Enforcement for Claims Whose Subject Matter Is the Payment of Money
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第一款 不動産に対する強制執行
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Subsection 1 Enforcement Against Immovable Property
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第一目 通則(第四十三条・第四十四条)
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Division 1 General Rules(Article 43 and Article 44)
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第二目 強制競売(第四十五条―第九十二条)
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Division 2 Forced Sale at Auction(Article 45 to Article 92)
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第三目 強制管理(第九十三条―第百十一条)
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Division 3 Forced Administration(Article 93 to Article 111)
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第二款 船舶に対する強制執行(第百十二条―第百二十一条)
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Subsection 2 Enforcement Against Vessels(Article 112 to Article 121)
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第三款 動産に対する強制執行(第百二十二条―第百四十二条)
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Subsection 3 Enforcement Against Movables(Article 122 to Article 142)
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第四款 債権及びその他の財産権に対する強制執行
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Subsection 4 Enforcement Against Claims and Other Such Property Rights
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第一目 債権執行等(第百四十三条―第百六十七条)
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Division 1 Enforcement Against Claims(Article 143 to Article 167)
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第二目 少額訴訟債権執行(第百六十七条の二―第百六十七条の十四)
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Division 2 Enforcement Against Claims Arising from Small Claims Actions(Article 167-2 to Article 167-14)
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第五款 扶養義務等に係る金銭債権についての強制執行の特例(第百六十七条の十五・第百六十七条の十六)
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Subsection 5 Special Provisions on Judicial Enforcement for Monetary Claims Related to a Duty to Support(Article 167-15 to Article 167-16)
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第三節 金銭の支払を目的としない請求権についての強制執行(第百六十八条―第百七十九条)
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Section 3 Judicial Enforcement for Claims Whose Subject Matter Is Not the Payment of Money(Article 168 to Article 179)
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第三章 担保権の実行としての競売等(第百八十条―第百九十五条)
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Chapter III Auctioning Property as a Means of Enforcing a Security Interest(Article 180 to Article 195)
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第四章 債務者の財産状況の調査
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Chapter IV Investigation of Obligor's Financial Status
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第一節 財産開示手続(第百九十六条―第二百三条)
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Section 1 Asset Disclosure Procedures(Article 196 to Article 203)
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第二節 第三者からの情報取得手続(第二百四条―第二百十一条)
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Section 2 Procedures for Acquiring Information from Third Parties(Article 204 to Article 211)
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第五章 罰則(第二百十二条―第二百十五条)
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Chapter V Penal Provisions(Article 212 to Article 215)
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第一章 総則
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Chapter I General Provisions
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(趣旨)
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(Purpose)
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Article 1Beyond what is provided for in other laws and regulations, judicial enforcement; the auctioning of property as a means of enforcing a security interest; the auctioning of property for the purpose of a realization under the provisions of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896), the Commercial Code (Act No. 48 of 1899), or any other Act; and the investigation of an obligor's financial status (hereinafter collectively referred to as "civil enforcement") are governed by the provisions of this Act.
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(執行機関)
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(Enforcement Authority)
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第二条民事執行は、申立てにより、裁判所又は執行官が行う。
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Article 2The court or a court enforcement officer carries out civil enforcement upon petition.
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(執行裁判所)
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(Enforcement Court)
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第三条裁判所が行う民事執行に関してはこの法律の規定により執行処分を行うべき裁判所をもつて、執行官が行う執行処分に関してはその執行官の所属する地方裁判所をもつて執行裁判所とする。
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Article 3For civil enforcement that is carried out by a court, the enforcement court is the court that the provisions of this Act requires to take enforcement measures, and for enforcement measures taken by a court enforcement officer, the enforcement court is the district court to which that officer belongs.
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(任意的口頭弁論)
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(Optional Oral Arguments)
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第四条執行裁判所のする裁判は、口頭弁論を経ないですることができる。
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Article 4An enforcement court may render a judicial decision without holding oral arguments.
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(審尋)
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(Interrogations)
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第五条執行裁判所は、執行処分をするに際し、必要があると認めるときは、利害関係を有する者その他参考人を審尋することができる。
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Article 5An enforcement court may interrogate interested persons or other persons of reference if it finds this to be necessary when taking an enforcement measure.
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(執行官等の職務の執行の確保)
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(Ensuring the Performance of Duties by Court Enforcement Officers)
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第六条執行官は、職務の執行に際し抵抗を受けるときは、その抵抗を排除するために、威力を用い、又は警察上の援助を求めることができる。ただし、第六十四条の二第五項(第百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定に基づく職務の執行については、この限りでない。
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Article 6(1)If a court enforcement officer faces resistance when performing their duties, they may use force or request police assistance in order to eliminate the resistance;provided, however, that this does not apply to performance of duties based on the provisions of Article 64-2, paragraph (5) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188).
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(立会人)
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(Observers)
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第七条執行官又は執行裁判所の命令により民事執行に関する職務を行う者(以下「執行官等」という。)は、人の住居に立ち入つて職務を執行するに際し、住居主、その代理人又は同居の親族若しくは使用人その他の従業者で相当のわきまえのあるものに出会わないときは、市町村の職員、警察官その他証人として相当と認められる者を立ち会わせなければならない。執行官が前条第一項の規定により威力を用い、又は警察上の援助を受けるときも、同様とする。
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Article 7If, when entering a person's residence and performing their duties, a court enforcement officer or a person who performs duties related to civil enforcement at the order of the enforcement court (hereinafter referred to as a "court enforcement officer or civil enforcement official") does not encounter the occupant or their agent, a cohabiting relative, or an employee or other such worker who will exercise reasonable discretion, this person must have a municipal official, police officer, or other person who is found to be reasonable be present as a witness. The same applies if a court enforcement officer uses force or receives police assistance pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
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(休日又は夜間の執行)
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(Enforcement on Sundays and Holidays or at Night)
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第八条執行官等は、日曜日その他の一般の休日又は午後七時から翌日の午前七時までの間に人の住居に立ち入つて職務を執行するには、執行裁判所の許可を受けなければならない。
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Article 8(1)A court enforcement officer or civil enforcement official must obtain the permission of the enforcement court in order to enter a person's residence to perform their duties on a Sunday or general holiday or during the period from 7:00 PM to 7:00 AM the following morning.
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(身分証明書等の携帯)
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(Carrying Identification)
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第九条執行官等は、職務を執行する場合には、その身分又は資格を証する文書を携帯し、利害関係を有する者の請求があつたときは、これを提示しなければならない。
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Article 9When performing their duties, a court enforcement officer or civil enforcement official must carry a document evidencing their status or credentials and present it if an interested party requests them to.
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(執行抗告)
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(Appealing an Enforcement Decision)
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第十条民事執行の手続に関する裁判に対しては、特別の定めがある場合に限り、執行抗告をすることができる。
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Article 10(1)A person may file an appeal against a judicial decision concerning a civil enforcement procedure only if there are special provisions allowing this.
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一抗告人が第三項の規定による執行抗告の理由書の提出をしなかつたとき。
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(i)if the appellant fails to submit the memorandum of reasons under the provisions of paragraph (3);
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二執行抗告の理由の記載が明らかに前項の規定に違反しているとき。
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(ii)if the statement of reasons for the appeal clearly violates the provisions of the preceding paragraph;
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三執行抗告が不適法であつてその不備を補正することができないことが明らかであるとき。
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(iii)if it is clear that the appeal is not in accordance with the law and the defect cannot be corrected; or
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四執行抗告が民事執行の手続を不当に遅延させることを目的としてされたものであるとき。
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(iv)if the appeal has been filed for the purpose of unreasonably delaying a civil enforcement procedure.
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(6)During the period up until the judicial decision on an appeal against an enforcement decision becomes effective, the court in charge of appeal may order a stay of enforcement of the judicial decision of prior instance or a stay of all or part of a civil enforcement procedure while either requiring or not requiring security to be provided, or may issue an order for the enforcement of that decision or the enforcement procedure to continue while requiring security to be provided. The court of prior instance may also order these measures while the record of the case is still at the court of prior instance.
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(7)The court in charge of appeal examines only the reasons stated in the petition for appeal or in the memorandum of reasons for the appeal against the enforcement measure; provided however, that it may examine, by its own authority, whether there has or has not been any violation of laws and regulations or error of fact that would have affected the judicial decision of prior instance.
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(10)The provisions of Article 349 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Act No. 109 of 1996) apply mutatis mutandis when a judicial decision against which an appeal may be filed has become final and binding.
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(執行異議)
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(Objecting to Enforcement Measures)
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第十一条執行裁判所の執行処分で執行抗告をすることができないものに対しては、執行裁判所に執行異議を申し立てることができる。執行官の執行処分及びその遅怠に対しても、同様とする。
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Article 11(1)A person may file an objection with the enforcement court to the measures of that court that may not be appealed. A person may also file an objection to a court enforcement officer's measures or to a court enforcement officer's delay or negligence.
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(取消決定等に対する執行抗告)
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(Appealing a Ruling to Cancel a Procedure)
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第十二条民事執行の手続を取り消す旨の決定に対しては、執行抗告をすることができる。民事執行の手続を取り消す執行官の処分に対する執行異議の申立てを却下する裁判又は執行官に民事執行の手続の取消しを命ずる決定に対しても、同様とする。
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Article 12(1)An appeal may be filed against a ruling to cancel a civil enforcement procedure. The same applies to a judicial decision dismissing an objection to a court enforcement officer's measure canceling a civil enforcement procedure and to a ruling ordering a court enforcement officer to cancel a civil enforcement procedure.
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(代理人)
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(Agents)
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第十三条民事訴訟法第五十四条第一項の規定により訴訟代理人となることができる者以外の者は、執行裁判所でする手続については、訴え又は執行抗告に係る手続を除き、執行裁判所の許可を受けて代理人となることができる。
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Article 13(1)Except in proceedings in an action or in an appeal against an enforcement decision, a person other than one who is permitted to serve as a litigation representative pursuant to the provisions of Article 54 of the Code of Civil Procedure may act as a person's agent in proceedings that take place in the enforcement court, with the court's permission.
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(費用の予納等)
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(Prepayment of Expenses)
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第十四条執行裁判所に対し民事執行の申立てをするときは、申立人は、民事執行の手続に必要な費用として裁判所書記官の定める金額を予納しなければならない。予納した費用が不足する場合において、裁判所書記官が相当の期間を定めてその不足する費用の予納を命じたときも、同様とする。
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Article 14(1)When filing a petition for civil enforcement with the enforcement court, the petitioner must prepay the amount that the court clerk establishes as the expenses needed for civil enforcement proceedings. The same applies if the expenses that the person has prepaid will be insufficient and the court clerk specifies a reasonable period of time and orders the person to prepay the shortfall.
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(担保の提供)
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(Provision of Security)
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第十五条この法律の規定により担保を立てるには、担保を立てるべきことを命じた裁判所(以下この項において「発令裁判所」という。)又は執行裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の管轄区域内の供託所に金銭又は発令裁判所が相当と認める有価証券(社債、株式等の振替に関する法律(平成十三年法律第七十五号)第二百七十八条第一項に規定する振替債を含む。)を供託する方法その他最高裁判所規則で定める方法によらなければならない。ただし、当事者が特別の契約をしたときは、その契約による。
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Article 15(1)In order to provide security pursuant to the provisions of this Act, a person must make a deposit of money or securities (including book-entry transfer company bonds prescribed in Article 278, paragraph (1) of the Act on Book-Entry Transfer of Corporate Bonds and Shares (Act No. 75 of 2001)) that the court which has ordered the person to provide security (hereinafter referred to as the "ordering court" in this paragraph) finds to be reasonable, with an official depository within the jurisdictional district of the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the ordering court, or by any other means specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court;provided, however, that if the parties concerned have made a special agreement about this, the agreement prevails.
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(2)The provisions of Article 77, Article 79, and Article 80 of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to the security referred to in the preceding paragraph.
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(送達の特例)
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(Special Provisions on Service)
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第十六条民事執行の手続について、執行裁判所に対し申立て、申出若しくは届出をし、又は執行裁判所から文書若しくは電磁的記録(電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によつては認識することができない方式で作られる記録であつて、電子計算機による情報処理の用に供されるものをいう。以下同じ。)の送達を受けた者は、書類の送達を受けるべき場所(日本国内に限る。)を執行裁判所に届け出なければならない。この場合においては、送達受取人をも届け出ることができる。
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Article 16(1)A person who has filed a petition, made an offer, or filed a notification with an enforcement court in connection with a civil enforcement procedure, or been served with a document or an electronic or magnetic record (meaning any record which is produced by electronic, magnetic or any other means unrecognizable by natural perceptive senses and is used for information processing by a computer; the same applies hereinafter) by an enforcement court in connection with a civil enforcement procedure must notify the enforcement court of the place (limited to within Japan) where they are to be served with documents. In such a case, the person may also notify the enforcement court of the designated person to be served.
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(2)The provisions of Article 104, paragraphs (2) and (3) and Article 107 of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to the cases referred to in the first sentence of the preceding paragraph.
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(3)Service of documents on a person who has not filed a notification under the provisions of the first sentence of paragraph (1) (excluding the person prescribed in Article 104, paragraph (3) of the Code of Civil Procedure as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph) is effected at the person's domicile, residence, business office, or office that is indicated in the case record.
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4前項の規定による送達をすべき場合において、第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第百六条の規定により送達をすることができないとき(第二十条において準用する同法第百九条の二の規定により送達をすることができるときを除く。)は、裁判所書記官は、同項の住所、居所、営業所又は事務所に宛てて、書類を書留郵便又は民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律(平成十四年法律第九十九号)第二条第六項に規定する一般信書便事業者若しくは同条第九項に規定する特定信書便事業者の提供する同条第二項に規定する信書便の役務のうち書留郵便に準ずるものとして最高裁判所規則で定めるものに付して発送することができる。この場合においては、民事訴訟法第百七条第二項及び第三項の規定を準用する。
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(4)If service under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is to be effected but it is not possible to effect service pursuant to the provisions of Article 106 of the Code of Civil Procedure as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 (excluding when service is possible pursuant to the provisions of Article 109-2 of that Code as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20), the court clerk may send the document to the domicile, residence, business office, or office referred to in the paragraph by registered mail or using services for delivering correspondence that are prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (2) of the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators (Act No. 99 of 2002) that are provided by a general correspondence delivery provider prescribed in paragraph (6) of the Article or specified correspondence delivery provider prescribed in paragraph (9) of the Article and that are specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as services equivalent to registered mail. In such a case, the provisions of Article 107, paragraphs (2) and (3) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis.
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(非電磁的事件記録の閲覧等)
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(Inspecting a Non-electronic or Magnetic Case Record)
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第十七条執行裁判所の行う民事執行について、利害関係を有する者は、裁判所書記官に対し、非電磁的事件記録(事件の記録中次条第一項に規定する電磁的事件記録を除いた部分をいう。)の閲覧若しくは謄写又はその正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付を請求することができる。
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Article 17(1)An interested person, in connection with the civil enforcement that the enforcement court carries out, may file a request with the court clerk to inspect or copy the non-electronic or magnetic case record (meaning the portion of a case record excluding the electronic or magnetic case record prescribed in paragraph (1) of the following Article), or to be issued an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of the record.
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(2)The provisions of Article 91, paragraphs (4) and (5) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to requests made under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
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(電磁的事件記録の閲覧等)
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(Inspecting an Electronic or Magnetic Case Record)
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第十七条の二執行裁判所の行う民事執行について、利害関係を有する者は、裁判所書記官に対し、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、電磁的事件記録(事件の記録中この法律その他の法令の規定により裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機(入出力装置を含む。以下同じ。)に備えられたファイルに記録された事項に係る部分をいう。以下この条において同じ。)の内容を最高裁判所規則で定める方法により表示したものの閲覧を請求することができる。
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Article 17-2(1)An interested person, in connection with the civil enforcement that the enforcement court carries out, may file a request with the court clerk pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court to inspect the content of electronic or magnetic case records (meaning the portion of a case record relating to matters recorded in files stored on a computer (including input and output devices; the same applies hereinafter) used by the court pursuant to the provisions of this Act and other laws and regulations; the same applies hereinafter in this Article) displayed in a manner prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(2)An interested person, in connection with the civil enforcement that the enforcement court carries out, may file a request with the court clerk, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, to copy the matters recorded in electronic or magnetic case records by means of recording the matters in files stored on computers used by the person by using an electronic data processing system (meaning an electronic data processing system connecting a computer used by the court to a computer used by the other party to the procedure via a telecommunications line; the same applies hereinafter) or any other method prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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3執行裁判所の行う民事執行について、利害関係を有する者は、裁判所書記官に対し、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、電磁的事件記録に記録されている事項の全部若しくは一部を記載した書面であつて裁判所書記官が最高裁判所規則で定める方法により当該書面の内容が電磁的事件記録に記録されている事項と同一であることを証明したものを交付し、又は当該事項の全部若しくは一部を記録した電磁的記録であつて裁判所書記官が最高裁判所規則で定める方法により当該電磁的記録の内容が電磁的事件記録に記録されている事項と同一であることを証明したものを最高裁判所規則で定める電子情報処理組織を使用してその者の使用に係る電子計算機に備えられたファイルに記録する方法その他の最高裁判所規則で定める方法により提供することを請求することができる。
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(3)An interested person, in connection with the civil enforcement that the enforcement court carries out, may file a request with the court clerk, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, to issue a document stating all or part of the matters recorded in electronic or magnetic case records as certified by the court clerk to contain information identical to the matters recorded in the electronic or magnetic record according to the methods prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court, or to provide an electronic or magnetic record containing all or part of the matters as certified by the court clerk to contain information identical to the matters recorded in the electronic or magnetic case records according to the methods prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court, by means of recording it in a file stored on a computer used by the party via an electronic data processing system prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court or any other method prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(4)The provisions of Article 91, paragraph (5) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to requests made under the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2).
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(事件に関する事項の証明)
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(Certificate of a Matter Involved in the Case)
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第十七条の三執行裁判所の行う民事執行について、利害関係を有する者は、裁判所書記官に対し、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、事件に関する事項を記載した書面であつて裁判所書記官が最高裁判所規則で定める方法により当該事項を証明したものを交付し、又は当該事項を記録した電磁的記録であつて裁判所書記官が最高裁判所規則で定める方法により当該事項を証明したものを最高裁判所規則で定める電子情報処理組織を使用してその者の使用に係る電子計算機に備えられたファイルに記録する方法その他の最高裁判所規則で定める方法により提供することを請求することができる。
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Article 17-3An interested person, in connection with the civil enforcement that the enforcement court carries out, may file a request with the court clerk, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, to issue a document stating the matters involved in the case as certified by the court clerk with respect to the matters according to the methods prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court, or to provide an electronic or magnetic record containing the matters as certified by the court clerk with respect to the matters according to the methods prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court, by means of recording it in a file stored on a computer used by the party via an electronic data processing system prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court or any other method prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(官庁等に対する援助請求等)
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(Asking Government Agencies for Assistance)
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第十八条民事執行のため必要がある場合には、執行裁判所又は執行官は、官庁又は公署に対し、援助を求めることができる。
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Article 18(1)If necessary for civil enforcement purposes, the enforcement court or court enforcement officer may ask a government agency or public office for assistance.
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(2)In a case provided for in the preceding paragraph, the enforcement court or court enforcement officer may ask the government agency or public office with jurisdiction a certificate it needs concerning taxes or other such public charges imposed on the property that is the subject matter of civil enforcement (this includes any building that stands on that property, if the property is land, and includes the site on which the property stands, if the property is a building).
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(記録事項証明書の提出等の省略)
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(Omission of Submission of Certificates of Recorded Information)
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第十八条の二民事執行の手続においてこの法律の規定に基づき裁判所、裁判所書記官又は執行官に次の各号に掲げるものに係る記録事項証明書(裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機に備えられたファイル(以下単に「ファイル」という。)に記録されている事項を記載した書面であつて裁判所書記官が当該書面の内容が当該ファイルに記録されている事項と同一であることを証明したものをいう。以下同じ。)を提出し、又は提示すべき者は、その提出又は提示に代えて、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、当該各号に掲げるものに係る事件を特定するために必要な情報として最高裁判所規則で定めるものを提供することができる。この場合において、当該者は、当該記録事項証明書を提出し、又は提示したものとみなす。
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Article 18-2A person that is required to submit or present a certificate of recorded information (meaning a document that states the matters recorded in a file stored on a computer used by the court (hereinafter simply referred to as a "file") and certified by the court clerk to contain information identical to the matters recorded in the relevant file; the same applies hereinafter) related to the matters set forth in the following items to a court, court clerk, or court enforcement officer in civil enforcement proceedings pursuant to the provisions of this Act, in lieu of that submission or presentation, may submit the information prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court as information necessary for identifying the matters set forth in the relevant item below, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court. In this case, the person is deemed to have submitted or presented the relevant certificate of recorded information.
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一裁判
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(i)judicial decisions;
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二裁判所書記官の処分
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(ii)disposition by a court clerk;
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三裁判上の和解又は調停
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(iii)judicial settlements or mediation;
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四前三号に掲げるもののほか、確定判決と同一の効力を有するもの
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(iv)beyond what is referred in the preceding three items, a document or an electronic or magnetic record that has the same effect as a final and binding judgment; and
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五第二十二条第二号から第四号の二までに掲げる債務名義が訴えの取下げその他の事由により効力を失つたことを証する電子調書(期日又は期日外における手続の方式、内容及び経過等の記録及び公証をするために民事訴訟法第百六十条第一項(他の法令において準用する場合を含む。)その他の法令の規定により裁判所書記官が作成する電磁的記録をいう。第三十九条第一項第四号及び第四号の二並びに第百六十七条の二第一項第四号において同じ。)
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(v)electronic records (meaning electronic or magnetic records prepared by a court clerk pursuant to the provisions of Article 160, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to other laws and regulations) or other laws and regulations in order to record and publicly authenticate the formality, details, progress, etc. of proceedings on a court date or any other date) certifying that a title of obligation prescribed in Article 22, items (ii) through (iv)-2 was withdrawn or is not valid for other reasons; the same applies hereinafter in Article 39, paragraph (1), items (iv) and (iv)-2 and Article 167-2, paragraph (1), item (iv)).
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(専属管轄)
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(Exclusive Jurisdiction)
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第十九条この法律に規定する裁判所の管轄は、専属とする。
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Article 19The court's jurisdiction provided for in this Act is exclusive.
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(裁判所に対する電子情報処理組織による申立て等)
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(Filing Petitions with the Court Through Electronic Data Processing Systems)
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第十九条の二民事執行の手続における申立てその他の申述(以下この条から第十九条の六までにおいて「申立て等」という。)のうち、当該申立て等に関するこの法律その他の法令の規定により書面等(書面、書類、文書、謄本、抄本、正本、副本、複本その他文字、図形等人の知覚によつて認識することができる情報が記載された紙その他の有体物をいう。以下同じ。)をもつてするものとされているものであつて、裁判所に対してするもの(当該裁判所の裁判長、受命裁判官、受託裁判官又は裁判所書記官に対してするものを含む。)については、当該法令の規定にかかわらず、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、最高裁判所規則で定める電子情報処理組織を使用して当該書面等に記載すべき事項をファイルに記録する方法により行うことができる。
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Article 19-2(1)A petition or other statement connected with civil enforcement proceedings (hereinafter referred to as a "petition, etc." in this Article to Article 19-6) which, pursuant to the provisions of this Act or other laws and regulations concerning the petition, etc., is to be filed or entered with the court (including those to be filed or entered with that court's presiding judge, authorized judge, commissioned judge, or court clerk) by means of a document, etc. (meaning a document, transcript, extract, authenticated copy, or duplicate of a document, duplicate of a bill or note, or any other paper or other tangible object into which information that can be perceived with the human senses, such as characters and shapes, has been entered; the same applies hereinafter), may be filed or entered by means of recording in a file the matters to be stated in the document, etc. using electronic data processing systems pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, notwithstanding the provisions of the laws and regulations.
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2民事訴訟法第百三十二条の十第二項から第六項までの規定は、前項の方法による申立て等について準用する。この場合において、同条第五項及び第六項中「送達」とあるのは、「送達又は送付」と読み替えるものとする。
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(2)The provisions of Article 132-10, paragraphs (2) through (6) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to petitions, etc. filed by the method prescribed in the preceding paragraph. In this case, the term "service" in Article 132-10, paragraph (5) and (6) is deemed to be replaced with "service or delivery."
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(裁判所に対する電子情報処理組織による申立て等の特例)
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(Special Provisions on Filing Petitions with the Court Through Electronic Data Processing Systems)
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第十九条の三次の各号に掲げる者は、それぞれ当該各号に定める事件について、裁判所に対する申立て等(当該裁判所の裁判長、受命裁判官、受託裁判官又は裁判所書記官に対するものを含む。次条において同じ。)をするときは、前条第一項の方法により、これを行わなければならない。ただし、口頭ですることができる申立て等について、口頭でするときは、この限りでない。
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Article 19-3(1)When the persons set forth in the following items file a petition, etc. with the court in relation to the cases provided in the respective items (including petitions, etc. filed with that court's presiding judge, authorized judge, commissioned judge, or court clerk; the same applies in the following Article), that petition, etc. must be filed by the means prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article;provided, however, that this does not apply when petitions, etc. that may be filed orally are, in fact, filed orally.
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一代理人のうち委任を受けたもの(第十三条第一項又は民事訴訟法第五十四条第一項ただし書の許可を得て代理人となつたものを除く。)当該委任を受けた事件
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(i)a representative who has been delegated a case (excluding a person who became a representative with approval pursuant to Article 13, paragraph (1) of this Act or the proviso to Article 54, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure):the delegated case;
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二国の利害に関係のある訴訟についての法務大臣の権限等に関する法律(昭和二十二年法律第百九十四号)第二条、第五条第一項、第六条第二項、第六条の二第四項若しくは第五項、第六条の三第四項若しくは第五項又は第七条第三項の規定(これらの規定を同法第九条において準用する場合を含む。)による指定を受けた者当該指定の対象となつた事件
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(ii)a person designated under the provisions of Article 2, Article 5, paragraph (1), Article 6, paragraph (2), Article 6-2, paragraph (4) or (5), Article 6-3, paragraph (4) or (5), or Article 7, paragraph (3) of the Act on the Authority of the Minister of Justice over Suits Relating to the Interests of the State (Act No. 194 of 1947) (including cases where these provisions apply mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 9 of that Act):the case subject to the designation; and
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三地方自治法(昭和二十二年法律第六十七号)第百五十三条第一項の規定による委任を受けた職員当該委任を受けた事件
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(iii)an official delegated under the provisions of Article 153, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947):the delegated case.
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(2)The provisions of Article 132-11, paragraph (2) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to the person set forth in the items of the preceding paragraph, and the provisions of paragraph (3) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis to petitions, etc. prescribed in the main clause of the preceding paragraph, respectively.
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(書面等による申立て等)
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(Petitions Filed by a Document)
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第十九条の四民事執行の手続において、裁判所に対する申立て等が書面等により行われたとき(前条第一項の規定に違反して行われたときを除く。)は、裁判所書記官は、当該書面等に記載された事項(次の各号に掲げる場合における当該各号に定める事項を除く。)をファイルに記録しなければならない。ただし、当該事項をファイルに記録することにつき困難な事情があるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 19-4(1)When a petition, etc. is filed with the court by a document, etc. (unless it is filed in violation of the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article) in a civil enforcement procedure, the court clerk must record in a file the matters detailed in that document, etc. (excluding the matters prescribed in the following items in the cases set forth in the respective items);provided, however, that this does not apply if there are circumstances that make it difficult to record these particulars in a file:
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一当該申立て等に係る書面等について、当該申立て等とともに第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第九十二条第一項の申立て(同項第二号に掲げる事由があることを理由とするものに限る。以下この号において同じ。)がされた場合において、当該書面等に記載された営業秘密(不正競争防止法(平成五年法律第四十七号)第二条第六項に規定する営業秘密をいう。以下この号及び次条第一項第一号において同じ。)がその手続の追行の目的以外の目的で使用され、又は当該営業秘密が開示されることにより、当該営業秘密に基づく当事者の事業活動に支障を生ずるおそれがあり、これを防止するため裁判所が特に必要があると認めるとき(当該第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第九十二条第一項の申立てが却下されたとき又は当該同項の申立てに係る決定を取り消す裁判が確定したときを除く。)当該書面等に記載された営業秘密
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(i)if, with regard to the document, etc. to which that petition, etc. pertains, a petition as referred to in Article 92, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure applicable mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 (limited to those filed because the grounds set forth in item (ii) of that paragraph exist; the same applies hereinafter in this item) is filed together with that petition, etc., and the use of a trade secret (meaning a trade secret prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (6) of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act (Act No. 47 of 1993); the same applies hereinafter in this item and paragraph (1), item (i) of the following Article) detailed in that document, etc. for purposes other than that of conducting the procedure or the disclosure of that trade secret would be detrimental to the business activities carried out by a party based on that trade secret, and the court finds it to be particularly necessary in order to prevent this (unless the petition referred to in that paragraph is dismissed without prejudice or a judicial decision revoking a ruling on the petition referred to in Article 92, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure applicable mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 becomes final and binding):the trade secret detailed in that document, etc.;
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二書面等により第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第百三十三条第二項の規定による届出があつた場合当該書面等に記載された事項
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(ii)if a notification under the provisions of Article 133, paragraph (2) of the Code of Civil Procedure applicable mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 is submitted by a document, etc.:the matters detailed in that document, etc.; and
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三当該申立て等に係る書面等について、当該申立て等とともに第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第百三十三条の二第二項の申立てがされた場合において、裁判所が必要があると認めるとき(当該同項の申立てが却下されたとき又は当該同項の申立てに係る決定を取り消す裁判が確定したときを除く。)当該書面等に記載された同項に規定する秘匿事項記載部分
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(iii)if, with regard to the document, etc. to which that petition, etc. pertains, a petition referred to in Article 133-2, paragraph (2) of the Code of Civil Procedure applicable mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 is filed together with that petition, etc. and the court finds it to be necessary (unless the petition referred to in that paragraph is dismissed without prejudice or a judicial decision revoking a ruling on the petition referred to in that paragraph becomes final and binding):the part containing concealed information prescribed in that paragraph which is detailed in that document, etc.
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2民事訴訟法第百三十二条の十二第二項及び第三項の規定は、前項の規定により書面等に記載された事項がファイルに記録された場合における当該書面等による裁判所に対する申立て等に係る送達又は送付について準用する。
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(2)The provisions of Article 132-12, paragraphs (2) and (3) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to service or delivery of a petition, etc. with the court by a document, etc. when the matters stated in the document, etc. are recorded in a file pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
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(書面等に記録された事項のファイルへの記録等)
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(Recording of Matters Recorded in Documents in a File)
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第十九条の五裁判所書記官は、前条第一項に規定する申立て等に係る書面等のほか、民事執行の手続においてこの法律その他の法令の規定に基づき裁判所に提出された書面等又は電磁的記録を記録した記録媒体に記載され、又は記録されている事項(次の各号に掲げる場合における当該各号に定める事項を除く。)をファイルに記録しなければならない。ただし、当該事項をファイルに記録することにつき困難な事情があるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 19-5(1)A court clerk must record in a file the matters detailed in a document, etc. or recorded on a recording medium storing electronic or magnetic records submitted to the court pursuant to the provisions of this Act or any other laws and regulations in civil enforcement proceedings, in addition to documents, etc. concerning a petition, etc. prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article (excluding the particulars prescribed in the following items in the cases set forth in the respective items);provided, however, that this does not apply if there are circumstances that make it difficult to record these particulars in a file:
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一当該書面等又は当該記録媒体について、これらの提出とともに第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第九十二条第一項の申立て(同項第二号に掲げる事由があることを理由とするものに限る。)がされた場合において、当該書面等若しくは当該記録媒体に記載され、若しくは記録された営業秘密がその手続の追行の目的以外の目的で使用され、又は当該営業秘密が開示されることにより、当該営業秘密に基づく当事者の事業活動に支障を生ずるおそれがあり、これを防止するため裁判所が特に必要があると認めるとき(当該申立てが却下されたとき又は当該申立てに係る決定を取り消す裁判が確定したときを除く。)当該書面等又は当該記録媒体に記載され、又は記録された営業秘密
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(i)if, with regard to the document, etc. or recording medium, a petition referred to in Article 92, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure applicable mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 is filed together with these submissions, and the court finds it to be necessary (unless the petition is dismissed without prejudice or a judicial decision revoking a ruling on the petition becomes final and binding):the trade secret detailed or recorded in that document, etc. or recording medium;
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二当該記録媒体を提出する方法により第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第百三十三条第二項の規定による届出があつた場合当該記録媒体に記録された事項
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(ii)if a notification under the provisions of Article 133, paragraph (2) of the Code of Civil Procedure applicable mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 is submitted by means of submission of recording medium:the matters detailed in that recording medium;
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三当該書面等又は当該記録媒体について、これらの提出とともに第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第百三十三条の二第二項の申立てがされた場合において、裁判所が必要があると認めるとき(当該申立てが却下されたとき又は当該申立てに係る決定を取り消す裁判が確定したときを除く。)当該書面等又は当該記録媒体に記載され、又は記録された同項に規定する秘匿事項記載部分
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(iii)if, with regard to the document, etc. or recording medium, a petition referred to in Article 133-2, paragraph (2) of the Code of Civil Procedure applicable mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 is filed together with these submissions, and the court finds it to be necessary (unless the petition is dismissed without prejudice or a judicial decision revoking a ruling on the petition becomes final and binding):the part containing concealed information prescribed in that paragraph which is detailed or recorded in that document, etc. or recording medium; and
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四第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第百三十三条の三第一項の規定による決定があつた場合において、裁判所が必要があると認めるとき(当該決定を取り消す裁判が確定したときを除く。)当該決定に係る書面等及び電磁的記録を記録した記録媒体に記載され、又は記録された事項
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(iv)if a decision under the provisions of Article 133-3, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure applicable mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 is made and the court finds it to be necessary (unless a judicial decision revoking a ruling on the petition becomes final and binding):the matters detailed in documents, etc. or recorded in a recording medium storing an electronic or magnetic record of the decision.
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2民事訴訟法第百三十二条の十二第二項及び第三項の規定は、前項の規定により書面等又は電磁的記録を記録した記録媒体に記載され、又は記録されている事項がファイルに記録された場合における当該書面等又は当該記録媒体に記録された電磁的記録に係る送達又は送付について準用する。
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(2)The provisions of Article 132-12, paragraphs (2) and (3) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to service or delivery of a document, etc. or a recording medium storing an electronic or magnetic record of the matters stated or recorded in the document, etc. or recording medium storing an electronic or magnetic record are recorded in a file pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
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(執行官に対する申立て等)
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(Petition to a Court Enforcement Officer)
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第十九条の六第十九条の二から第十九条の四までの規定は執行官に対する申立て等について、前条の規定は民事執行の手続においてこの法律その他の法令の規定に基づき執行官に提出された書面等又は電磁的記録を記録した記録媒体について、それぞれ準用する。この場合において、第十九条の二第一項、第十九条の四及び前条中「ファイル」とあるのは「執行官の使用に係る電子計算機(入出力装置を含む。)に備えられたファイル」と、第十九条の三第一項第一号中「第十三条第一項又は民事訴訟法第五十四条第一項ただし書の許可を得て代理人となつたものを除く」とあるのは「弁護士に限る」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 19-6The provisions of Articles 19-2 through 19-4 apply mutatis mutandis to a petition, etc. filed with a court enforcement officer, and the provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to a document, etc. or a recording medium storing an electronic or magnetic record submitted to a court enforcement officer pursuant to the provisions of this Act of other laws and regulations in a civil enforcement procedure, respectively. In this case, the term "file" in Article 19-2, paragraph (1), Article 19-4, and the preceding Article is deemed to be replaced with "file stored on a computer (including input and output devices) used by the court enforcement officer," and the phrase "excluding a person who became a representative with approval pursuant to Article 13, paragraph (1) of this Act or the proviso to Article 54, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure" in Article 19-3, paragraph (1), item (i) is deemed to be replaced with "limited to attorneys at law."
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(民事訴訟法の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Code of Civil Procedure)
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Article 20Except as otherwise provided, unless contrary to the nature thereof, the provisions of Part 1 to Part 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to civil enforcement procedures.In this case, the phrase "the items of Article 132-11, paragraph (1)" in Article 109-4, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure is deemed to be replaced with "the items of Article 19-3, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure (including as replaced and applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 19-6s)."
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(最高裁判所規則)
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(Rules of the Supreme Court)
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第二十一条この法律に定めるもののほか、民事執行の手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
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Article 21Beyond what is provided for in this Act, the Rules of the Supreme Court provide for the necessary matters concerning civil enforcement procedures.
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第二章 強制執行
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Chapter II Judicial Enforcement
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第一節 総則
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Section 1 General Provisions
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(債務名義)
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(Titles of Obligation)
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第二十二条強制執行は、次に掲げるもの(以下「債務名義」という。)により行う。
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Article 22Judicial enforcement is carried out based on any of the following (hereinafter referred to as a "title of obligation"):
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一確定判決
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(i)a final and binding judgment;
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二仮執行の宣言を付した判決
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(ii)a judgment bearing a declaration of provisional enforcement;
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三抗告によらなければ不服を申し立てることができない裁判(確定しなければその効力を生じない裁判にあつては、確定したものに限る。)
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(iii)a judicial decision that may not be appealed except in the form of an appeal against a ruling (but only one that has become final and binding, if it constitutes a judicial decision that is only effective once it becomes final and binding);
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三の二仮執行の宣言を付した損害賠償命令
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(iii)-2an order for damages bearing a declaration of provisional enforcement;
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三の三仮執行の宣言を付した届出債権支払命令
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(iii)-3an order to pay a filed claim bearing a declaration of provisional enforcement;
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四仮執行の宣言を付した支払督促
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(iv)a demand for payment bearing a declaration of provisional enforcement;
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四の二訴訟費用、和解の費用若しくは非訟事件(他の法令の規定により非訟事件手続法(平成二十三年法律第五十一号)の規定を準用することとされる事件を含む。)、家事事件若しくは国際的な子の奪取の民事上の側面に関する条約の実施に関する法律(平成二十五年法律第四十八号)第二十九条に規定する子の返還に関する事件の費用の負担の額を定める裁判所書記官の処分又は第四十二条第四項に規定する執行費用及び返還すべき金銭の額を定める裁判所書記官の処分(後者の処分にあつては、確定したものに限る。)
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(iv)-2a measure by the court clerk setting the amount to be borne for court costs, settlement costs, or costs in a non-contentious case (including a case to which the provisions of the Non-Contentious Case Procedures Act (Act No. 51 of 2011) apply mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provisions of other laws and regulations), domestic relations case, or case relating to the return of a child provided for in Article 29 of the Act for Implementation of the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (Act No. 48 of 2013); or a measure by the court clerk setting the enforcement costs and the amount of money to be returned provided for in Article 42, paragraph (4) (for the latter measure, this is limited to one that has become final and binding);
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五金銭の一定の額の支払又はその他の代替物若しくは有価証券の一定の数量の給付を目的とする請求について公証人が作成した公正証書で、債務者が直ちに強制執行に服する旨の陳述が記載され、又は記録されているもの(以下「執行証書」という。)
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(v)a notarial instrument that a notary has prepared concerning a claim for payment of a fixed amount of money or the delivery of a certain amount of any other fungible thing or of securities, which contains or records a statement indicating that the obligor will immediately face judicial enforcement (hereinafter referred to as a "notarial instrument authorizing enforcement");
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六確定した執行判決のある外国裁判所の判決(家事事件における裁判を含む。第二十四条において同じ。)
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(vi)a foreign court judgment (including a judicial decision in a domestic relations case; the same applies in Article 24) for which an enforcement judgment has become final and binding;
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六の二確定した執行決定のある仲裁判断
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(vi)-2an arbitral award for which an order of enforceability has become final and binding; or
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六の三確定した執行等認可決定のある仲裁法(平成十五年法律第百三十八号)第五十条に規定する暫定保全措置命令
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(vi)-3an order for interim measures prescribed in Article 50 of the Arbitration Act (Act No. 138 of 2003) for which an order of enforceability has become final and binding;
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六の四確定した執行決定のある国際和解合意
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(vi)-4an international settlement agreement for which an order of enforceability has become final and binding;
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六の五確定した執行決定のある特定和解
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(vi)-5a specific settlement for which an order of enforceability has become final and binding; or
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七確定判決と同一の効力を有するもの(第三号に掲げる裁判を除く。)
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(vii)a document that has the same effect as a final and binding judgment (excluding the judicial decision set forth in item (iii).
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(強制執行をすることができる者の範囲)
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(Scope of Persons for or Against Whom Judicial Enforcement May Be Carried Out)
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第二十三条執行証書以外の債務名義による強制執行は、次に掲げる者に対し、又はその者のためにすることができる。
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Article 23(1)Judicial enforcement that is based on a title of obligation other than a notarial instrument authorizing enforcement may be carried out for or against any of the following persons:
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一債務名義に表示された当事者
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(i)a party indicated in the title of obligation;
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二債務名義に表示された当事者が他人のために当事者となつた場合のその他人
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(ii)a person on whose behalf a party indicated in the title of obligation has become a party, if applicable; or
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三前二号に掲げる者の債務名義成立後の承継人(前条第一号、第二号又は第六号に掲げる債務名義にあつては口頭弁論終結後の承継人、同条第三号の二に掲げる債務名義又は同条第七号に掲げる債務名義のうち損害賠償命令に係るものにあつては審理終結後の承継人)
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(iii)a person who became the successor of a person set forth in one of the preceding two items after the establishment of the title of obligation (or a successor arising after the conclusion of oral arguments, for a title of obligation set forth in item (i), item (ii) or item (vi) of the preceding Article; or a successor arising after the conclusion of the proceedings, for a title of obligation set forth in item (iii)-2 of that Article or for a title of obligation set forth in item (vii) of that Article that concerns an order for damages).
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(外国裁判所の判決の執行判決)
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(Enforcement Judgments for Foreign Court Judgments)
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第二十四条外国裁判所の判決についての執行判決を求める訴えは、債務者の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所(家事事件における裁判に係るものにあつては、家庭裁判所。以下この項において同じ。)が管轄し、この普通裁判籍がないときは、請求の目的又は差し押さえることができる債務者の財産の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が管轄する。
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Article 24(1)An action seeking an enforcement judgment for a foreign court judgment is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court (or the family court, for an action concerning a judicial decision in a domestic relations case; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) having jurisdiction in the locality constituting the general venue of the obligor, and if there is no such general venue, it is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court having jurisdiction in the place where the subject matter of the claim or the seizable property of the obligor is located.
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(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, even if all or part of an action as referred to in that paragraph is subject to the jurisdiction of the family court, the district court provided for in the preceding paragraph, upon petition or by its authority, may conduct the trial and reach a judicial decision itself for all or part of the litigation in the action, if it finds this to be appropriate.
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(3)Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), even if all or part of an action as referred to in that paragraph is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court, the family court provided for in that paragraph, upon petition or sua sponte, may conduct the trial and reach a judicial decision itself for all or part of the litigation in the action, if it finds this to be appropriate.
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(5)The action referred to in paragraph (1) must be dismissed without prejudice if it is not proved that the judgment of a foreign court has become final and binding or when the judgment fails to satisfy the requirements set forth in the items of Article 118 of the Code of Civil Procedure (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 79-2 of the Domestic Relations Case Procedure Act (Act No. 52 of 2011)).
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(強制執行の実施)
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(Implementing Judicial Enforcement)
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第二十五条強制執行は、執行文の付された債務名義の正本(債務名義に係る電磁的記録がファイルに記録されたものである場合にあつては記録事項証明書、債務名義が電磁的記録をもつて作成された執行証書である場合にあつては公証人法(明治四十一年法律第五十三号)第四十四条第一項第二号の書面又は同項第三号の電磁的記録。以下同じ。)に基づいて実施する。ただし、少額訴訟における確定判決又は仮執行の宣言を付した少額訴訟の判決若しくは支払督促により、これに表示された当事者に対し、又はその者のためにする強制執行は、その債務名義の正本に基づいて実施する。
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Article 25Judicial enforcement is implemented on the basis of an authenticated copy of the title of obligation bearing an attestation of enforceability (if the electronic or magnetic record related to a title of obligation is recorded in a file, then a certificate of recorded information, and if a title of obligation is a notarial instrument authorizing enforcement prepared as an electronic or magnetic record, then a document prescribed in Article 44, paragraph (1), item (ii) of the Notary Act (Act No. 53 of 1908) or electronic or magnetic record prescribed in item (iii) of that paragraph; the same applies hereinafter);provided, however, that judicial enforcement for or against an indicated party based on a final and binding judgment in a small claims action or based on a judgment in a small claims action or demand for payment bearing a declaration of provisional enforcement is implemented on the basis of an authenticated copy of that title of obligation.
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(執行文の付与)
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(Providing Attestations of Enforceability)
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第二十六条執行文は、申立てにより、執行証書以外の債務名義については事件の記録の存する裁判所の裁判所書記官が、執行証書についてはその原本(執行証書が電磁的記録をもつて作成されている場合にあつては、当該電磁的記録)を保存する公証人が付与する。
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Article 26(1)Upon petition, a clerk of the court in which the record of the case exists provides an attestation of enforceability for a title of obligation other than a notarial instrument authorizing enforcement, and the notary preserving the original of a notarial instrument authorizing enforcement (if the attestation of enforceability was prepared as an electronic or magnetic record, that electronic or magnetic record) provides an attestation of enforceability for that instrument.
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一債務名義に係る電磁的記録がファイルに記録されたものである場合における執行文の付与債権者が債務者に対しその債務名義により強制執行をすることができる旨を当該電磁的記録に併せて記録する方法
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(i)providing attestations of enforceability if the electronic or magnetic record related to the title of obligation is recorded in a file:the method of recording together with the electronic or magnetic record stating that the obligee is entitled to judicial enforcement against the obligor pursuant to the title of obligation;
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二債務名義が電磁的記録をもつて作成された執行証書である場合における執行文の付与債権者が債務者に対しその債務名義により強制執行をすることができる旨を当該電磁的記録に併せて記録するとともに、その旨を当該債務名義に係る公証人法第四十四条第一項第二号の書面の末尾に付記し、又はその旨を当該債務名義に係る同項第三号の電磁的記録に併せて記録する方法
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(ii)providing attestations of enforceability if the title of obligation is a notarial instrument authorizing enforcement prepared as an electronic or magnetic record:the means of recording together with the electronic or magnetic record stating that the obligee is entitled to judicial enforcement against the obligor related to the title of obligation and adding a note indicating this at the end of the document related to the title of obligation prescribed in Article 44, paragraph (1), item (ii) of the Notary Act or recording a statement to that effect together with the electronic or magnetic record related to the title of obligation prescribed in paragraph (1), item (iii) of that Article; or
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三前二号に掲げる場合以外の場合における執行文の付与債権者が債務者に対しその債務名義により強制執行をすることができる旨を債務名義の正本の末尾に付記する方法
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(iii)providing attestations of enforceability in cases other than those prescribed in the preceding two items:the method of adding a note indicating this at the end of an authenticated copy of the title of obligation stating that the obligee is entitled to judicial enforcement against the obligor pursuant to the title of obligation.
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(2)The court clerk or notary may provide an attestation of enforceability naming a person other than a party indicated in the title of obligation as the obligee or obligor, but only if it is apparent to the court clerk or notary that judicial enforcement may be carried out for or against that person, or if the obligee has produced a document or electronic or magnetic record proving this.
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(3)If any of the following grounds are present in connection with the title of obligation and there are special circumstances that make it difficult to identify the person in possession of the immovable property before its delivery or surrender is enforced based on that title of obligation, the court clerk or notary may provide an attestation of enforceability without specifying the obligor, but only if the obligee has produced a document or electronic or magnetic record proving this:
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一債務名義が不動産の引渡し又は明渡しの請求権を表示したものであり、これを本案とする占有移転禁止の仮処分命令(民事保全法(平成元年法律第九十一号)第二十五条の二第一項に規定する占有移転禁止の仮処分命令をいう。)が執行され、かつ、同法第六十二条第一項の規定により当該不動産を占有する者に対して当該債務名義に基づく引渡し又は明渡しの強制執行をすることができるものであること。
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(i)the title of obligation indicates a claim for the delivery or surrender of immovable property, an order of provisional disposition prohibiting the transfer of possession (meaning an order of provisional disposition prohibiting the transfer of possession prescribed in Article 25-2, paragraph (1) of the Civil Provisional Remedies Act (Act No. 91 of 1989)) has been carried out in connection with the principal proceedings involving that claim, and Article 62, paragraph (1) of the Civil Provisional Remedies Act permits the obligee to enforce delivery or surrender against the person in possession of the immovable property based on that title of obligation; or
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二債務名義が強制競売の手続(担保権の実行としての競売の手続を含む。以下この号において同じ。)における第八十三条第一項本文(第百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による命令(以下「引渡命令」という。)であり、当該強制競売の手続において当該引渡命令の引渡義務者に対し次のイからハまでのいずれかの保全処分及び公示保全処分(第五十五条第一項に規定する公示保全処分をいう。以下この項において同じ。)が執行され、かつ、第八十三条の二第一項(第百八十七条第五項又は第百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定により当該不動産を占有する者に対して当該引渡命令に基づく引渡しの強制執行をすることができるものであること。
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(ii)the title of obligation is an order under the provisions of the main clause of Article 83, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188) issued in proceedings for a forced sale at auction (including the auctioning of property as a means of enforcing a security interest; hereinafter the same applies in this item) (hereinafter referred to as a "delivery order"), the provisional order set forth in any of (a) through (c) below or the provisional order to post a public notice (meaning the provisional order to post a public notice provided for in Article 55, paragraph (1); hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) set forth in any of (a) through (c) below has been carried out against the person with a duty to deliver the property named in the delivery order in those proceedings, and the provisions of Article 83-2, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 187, paragraph (5) or Article 188) permit the obligee to enforce delivery against the person in possession of the immovable property based on that delivery order:
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イ第五十五条第一項第三号(第百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。)に掲げる保全処分及び公示保全処分
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(a)the provisional order set forth in Article 55, paragraph (1), item (iii) and the provisional order to post a public notice set forth in that item (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188); or
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ロ第七十七条第一項第三号(第百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。)に掲げる保全処分及び公示保全処分
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(b)the provisional order set forth in Article 77, paragraph (1), item (iii) or provisional order to post a public notice set forth in that item (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188);
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ハ第百八十七条第一項に規定する保全処分又は公示保全処分(第五十五条第一項第三号に掲げるものに限る。)
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(c)the provisional order provided for in Article 187, paragraph (1) or provisional order to post a public notice provided for in that paragraph (limited to one set forth in Article 55, paragraph (1), item (iii)).
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(4)Judicial enforcement based on an authenticated copy of a title of obligation bearing an attestation of enforceability as referred to in the preceding paragraph may only be carried out before the expiration of four weeks from the day on which the attestation of enforceability is provided, and only if the person in possession can be identified at the time the immovable property is removed from their possession through judicial enforcement.
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(5)When judicial enforcement that is based on an authenticated copy of a title of obligation bearing an attestation of enforceability provided pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) is carried out pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the person that has had the immovable property removed from their possession as a result of enforcement becomes the obligor.
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(執行文の再度付与等)
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(Providing Additional Attestations of Enforceability)
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第二十八条執行文は、債権の完全な弁済を得るため執行文の付された債務名義の正本が数通必要であるとき、又はこれが滅失したときに限り、更に付与することができる。
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Article 28(1)An additional attestation of enforceability may be provided, but only if multiple authenticated copies of a title of obligation bearing an attestation of enforceability are required to receive full performance of a claim or if the authenticated copy bearing the attestation has been lost.
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(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if an additional authenticated copy or certificate of recorded information is issued of a final and binding judgment in a small claims action, or of a judgment in a small claims action or demand for payment bearing a declaration of provisional enforcement.
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(債務名義等の送達)
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(Serving Titles of Obligation)
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第二十九条強制執行は、債務名義若しくは確定により債務名義となるべき裁判の正本若しくは謄本又はその債務名義若しくは裁判に係る電磁的記録が、あらかじめ、又は同時に、債務者に送達されたときに限り、開始することができる。第二十七条の規定により執行文が付与された場合においては、執行文の謄本又は執行文に係る電磁的記録及び同条の規定により債権者が提出した文書の謄本又は電磁的記録に記録されている事項の全部を記録した電磁的記録も、あらかじめ、又は同時に、送達されなければならない。
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Article 29Judicial enforcement may begin only if an authenticated copy or transcript of a title of obligation or of a judicial decision that becomes a title of obligation once it is final and binding or an electronic or magnetic record related to that title of obligation or judicial decision has been served upon the obligor in advance or at the same time. If an attestation of enforceability has been provided pursuant to the provisions of Article 27, transcripts of the attestation of enforceability or electronic or magnetic records related to the attestation of enforceability and transcript of the document produced by the obligee pursuant to the provisions of that Article or an electronic or magnetic record by recording all matters recorded in the electronic or magnetic record produced by the obligee pursuant to the provisions of that Article must also have been served in advance or at the same time.
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(期限の到来又は担保の提供に係る場合の強制執行)
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(Judicial Enforcement in Situations Involving the Arrival of a Fixed Due Date or the Provision of Security)
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第三十条請求が確定期限の到来に係る場合においては、強制執行は、その期限の到来後に限り、開始することができる。
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Article 30(1)If a claim involves the arrival of a fixed due date, judicial enforcement may begin only after the arrival of that due date.
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(反対給付又は他の給付の不履行に係る場合の強制執行)
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(Judicial Enforcement in Situations Involving Default of Counter-Performance or Some Other Performance)
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第三十一条債務者の給付が反対給付と引換えにすべきものである場合においては、強制執行は、債権者が反対給付又はその提供のあつたことを証明したときに限り、開始することができる。
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Article 31(1)If an obligor's performance is due in exchange for counter-performance, judicial enforcement may begin only once the obligee proves that counter-performance has been made or tendered.
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(2)If an obligor's performance is due in lieu of some other performance in a case in which the purpose of judicial enforcement cannot be achieved for that other performance, judicial enforcement may begin only once the obligee proves that the purpose of judicial enforcement could not be achieved for that other performance.
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(執行文の付与等に関する異議の申立て)
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(Filing an Opposition in Connection with the Provision of an Attestation of Enforceability)
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第三十二条執行文の付与の申立てに関する処分に対しては、裁判所書記官の処分にあつてはその裁判所書記官の所属する裁判所に、公証人の処分にあつてはその公証人の役場の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に異議を申し立てることができる。
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Article 32(1)An opposition may be filed to a measure connected with a petition to provide an attestation of enforceability; for measures by a court clerk, a person may file an opposition with the court to which the court clerk belongs, and for measures by a notary, a person may file an opposition with the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the notary's office.
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(2)If an opposition has been filed to the provision of an attestation of enforceability, the court may order a stay of enforcement until a judicial decision on the opposition is made, while either requiring or not requiring security to be provided, or may issue an order for enforcement to continue until a judicial decision on the opposition is made, with requiring security to be provided. If there are pressing circumstances, the presiding judge may also order these measures.
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(5)The provisions of the preceding paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to the issuance of an authenticated copy or certificate of recorded information of a final and binding judgment in a small claims action or of a judgment in a small claims action or demand for payment bearing a declaration of provisional enforcement under the provisions of Article 28, paragraph (2).
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(執行文付与の訴え)
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(Action Seeking an Attestation of Enforceability)
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第三十三条第二十七条第一項又は第二項に規定する文書又は電磁的記録の提出をすることができないときは、債権者は、執行文(同条第三項の規定により付与されるものを除く。)の付与を求めるために、執行文付与の訴えを提起することができる。
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Article 33(1)If an obligee is unable to produce the document or electronic or magnetic record prescribed in Article 27, paragraph (1) or (2), the obligee may file an action seeking an attestation of enforceability in order to ask for an attestation of enforceability to be provided (excluding one that is provided pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) of that Article).
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一第二十二条第一号から第三号まで又は第六号から第六号の五までに掲げる債務名義並びに同条第七号に掲げる債務名義のうち次号、第一号の三及び第六号に掲げるもの以外のもの第一審裁判所
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(i)a title of obligation as set forth in Article 22, items (i) through (iii) or items (vi) through (vi)-5, or a title of obligation as set forth in item (vii) of that Article other than one as set forth in the following item, item (i)-3, or item (vi):the court of first instance;
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一の二第二十二条第三号の二に掲げる債務名義並びに同条第七号に掲げる債務名義のうち損害賠償命令並びに損害賠償命令事件に関する手続における和解及び請求の認諾に係るもの損害賠償命令事件が係属していた地方裁判所
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(i)-2a title of obligation as set forth in Article 22, item (iii)-2, or a title of obligation as set forth in item (vii) of that Article that relates to an order for damages or to a settlement or acknowledgment of a claim in the proceedings of a case involving an order for damages:the district court before which the order for damages was pending;
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一の三第二十二条第三号の三に掲げる債務名義並びに同条第七号に掲げる債務名義のうち届出債権支払命令並びに簡易確定手続における届出債権の認否及び和解に係るもの簡易確定手続が係属していた地方裁判所
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(i)-3a title of obligation as set forth in Article 22, item (iii)-3 or a title of obligation as set forth in item (vii) of that Article that relates to an order to pay a filed claim, or to approval or denial of a filed claim or a settlement in simple determination proceedings:the district court before which the simple determination proceedings were pending;
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二第二十二条第四号に掲げる債務名義のうち次号に掲げるもの以外のもの仮執行の宣言を付した支払督促を発した裁判所書記官の所属する簡易裁判所(仮執行の宣言を付した支払督促に係る請求が簡易裁判所の管轄に属しないものであるときは、その簡易裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所)
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(ii)a title of obligation as set forth in Article 22, item (iv), other than one as set forth in the following item:the summary court to which the court clerk who has issued the demand for payment bearing a declaration of provisional enforcement belongs (or, if the claim connected with that demand is not under the jurisdiction of the summary court, the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the summary court);
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三第二十二条第四号に掲げる債務名義のうち民事訴訟法第三百九十七条に規定する指定簡易裁判所の裁判所書記官に対してされた支払督促の申立てによるもの当該支払督促の申立てについて同法第三百九十八条の規定により訴えの提起があつたものとみなされる裁判所
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(iii)a title of obligation as set forth in Article 22, item (iv) that is based on a petition for a demand for payment filed with the court clerk of a designated summary court under the provisions of Article 397 of the Code of Civil Procedure:the court with which an action is deemed to have been filed pursuant to the provisions of Article 398 of that Act as it concerns that petition;
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四第二十二条第四号の二に掲げる債務名義同号の処分をした裁判所書記官の所属する裁判所
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(iv)a title of obligation as set forth in Article 22, item (iv)-2:the court to which the court clerk who has taken the measure set forth in that item belongs;
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五第二十二条第五号に掲げる債務名義債務者の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する裁判所(この普通裁判籍がないときは、請求の目的又は差し押さえることができる債務者の財産の所在地を管轄する裁判所)
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(v)a title of obligation as set forth in Article 22, item (v):the court having jurisdiction in the locality of the general venue for the obligor (or, if the obligor has no general venue, the court having jurisdiction in the locality of the subject matter of the claim or the obligor's seizable property); and
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六第二十二条第七号に掲げる債務名義のうち和解若しくは調停(上級裁判所において成立した和解及び調停を除く。)又は労働審判に係るもの(第一号の二及び第一号の三に掲げるものを除く。)和解若しくは調停が成立した簡易裁判所、地方裁判所若しくは家庭裁判所(簡易裁判所において成立した和解又は調停に係る請求が簡易裁判所の管轄に属しないものであるときは、その簡易裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所)又は労働審判が行われた際に労働審判事件が係属していた地方裁判所
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(vi)a title of obligation as set forth in Article 22, item (vii) that relates to a settlement or mediation (excluding a settlement or mediation reached in an upper instance court) or to a labor tribunal decision (excluding a title of obligation as set forth in item (i)-2 or (i)-3):the summary court, district court, or family court where the settlement or mediation was reached (or, if the claim involved in the settlement or mediation that was reached in summary court is not under the jurisdiction of the summary court, the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the summary court), or the district court before which the labor tribunal case was pending when the labor tribunal decision was made.
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(執行文付与に対する異議の訴え)
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(Action Opposing the Provision of an Attestation of Enforceability)
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第三十四条第二十七条の規定により執行文が付与された場合において、債権者の証明すべき事実の到来したこと又は債務名義に表示された当事者以外の者に対し、若しくはその者のために強制執行をすることができることについて異議のある債務者は、その執行文の付された債務名義の正本に基づく強制執行の不許を求めるために、執行文付与に対する異議の訴えを提起することができる。
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Article 34(1)When an attestation of enforceability has been provided pursuant to the provisions of Article 27, an obligor who disputes that a fact to be proved by the obligee has occurred or objects to it being permissible to carry out judicial enforcement for or against a person other than a party indicated in the title of obligation may file an action opposing the provision of an attestation of enforceability in order to call for the court to disallow judicial enforcement based on the authenticated copy of the title of obligation bearing that attestation of enforceability.
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(請求異議の訴え)
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(Action to Dispute a Claim)
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第三十五条債務名義(第二十二条第二号又は第三号の二から第四号までに掲げる債務名義で確定前のものを除く。以下この項において同じ。)に係る請求権の存在又は内容について異議のある債務者は、その債務名義による強制執行の不許を求めるために、請求異議の訴えを提起することができる。裁判以外の債務名義の成立について異議のある債務者も、同様とする。
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Article 35(1)An obligor who disputes the existence or content of the claim under a title of obligation (excluding a title of obligation set forth in Article 22, item (ii), or items (iii)-2 through (iv) which has yet to become final and binding; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) may file an action to dispute the claim in order to call for the court to disallow judicial enforcement based on that title of obligation. The same applies for an obligor who disputes the establishment of a title of obligation not constituting a judicial decision.
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(執行文付与に対する異議の訴え等に係る執行停止の裁判)
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(Judicial Decision Staying Enforcement in Connection with an Action Opposing the Provision of an Attestation of Enforceability)
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第三十六条執行文付与に対する異議の訴え又は請求異議の訴えの提起があつた場合において、異議のため主張した事情が法律上理由があるとみえ、かつ、事実上の点について疎明があつたときは、受訴裁判所は、申立てにより、終局判決において次条第一項の裁判をするまでの間、担保を立てさせ、若しくは立てさせないで強制執行の停止を命じ、又はこれとともに、担保を立てさせて強制執行の続行を命じ、若しくは担保を立てさせて既にした執行処分の取消しを命ずることができる。急迫の事情があるときは、裁判長も、これらの処分を命ずることができる。
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Article 36(1)If an action opposing the provision of an attestation of enforceability or an action to dispute a claim has been filed, and if the circumstances that the person alleges for raising the opposition or dispute appear to be legally well-grounded and a prima facie showing is made on factual matters, the court in charge of the case, upon petition, may order a stay of enforcement until a judicial decision as referred to in paragraph (1) of the following Article is made in the final judgment, while either requiring or not requiring security to be provided, or, in addition to the order, may issue an order for judicial enforcement to continue while requiring security to be provided, or may issue an order voiding an enforcement measure that has already been taken while requiring security to be provided. If there are pressing circumstances, the presiding judge may also order these measures.
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(3)If the grounds prescribed in paragraph (1) exist, if there are pressing circumstances, the enforcement court, upon petition, may order the measures prescribed in that paragraph, while specifying a period for submitting an authenticated copy or certificate of recorded information of a judicial decision under the provisions of that paragraph. This judicial decision may also be made prior to the filing of an action opposing the provision of an attestation of enforceability or an action to dispute a claim.
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(4)When the period specified pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph has expired or when a judicial decision under the provisions of paragraph (1) has been submitted to the enforcement court or court enforcement officer within the period, the judicial decision set forth in the preceding paragraph ceases to be effective.
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(終局判決における執行停止の裁判等)
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(Judicial Decision to Stay Enforcement in the Final Judgment)
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第三十七条受訴裁判所は、執行文付与に対する異議の訴え又は請求異議の訴えについての終局判決において、前条第一項に規定する処分を命じ、又は既にした同項の規定による裁判を取り消し、変更し、若しくは認可することができる。この裁判については、仮執行の宣言をしなければならない。
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Article 37(1)In the final judgment on an action opposing the provision of an attestation of enforceability or an action to dispute a claim, the court in charge of the case may order the measures prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article or set aside, change, or approve a judicial decision under the provisions of that paragraph that has already been made. The court must make a declaration of provisional enforcement for this judicial decision.
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(第三者異議の訴え)
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(Third-Party Actions Opposing Enforcement)
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第三十八条強制執行の目的物について所有権その他目的物の譲渡又は引渡しを妨げる権利を有する第三者は、債権者に対し、その強制執行の不許を求めるために、第三者異議の訴えを提起することができる。
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Article 38(1)A third party who has ownership of the subject matter of judicial enforcement or any other right that obstructs assignment or delivery of the subject matter may file, against the obligee, a third-party action opposing enforcement in order to call for the court to disallow enforcement.
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(強制執行の停止)
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(Stay of Enforcement)
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第三十九条強制執行は、次に掲げる文書又は電磁的記録の提出があつたときは、停止しなければならない。
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Article 39(1)Enforcement must be stayed if any of the following documents or electronic or magnetic records has been submitted:
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一債務名義(執行証書を除く。)若しくは仮執行の宣言を取り消す旨又は強制執行を許さない旨を記載した執行力のある裁判の正本又は記録事項証明書
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(i)an enforceable authenticated copy or certificate of recorded information of a judicial decision containing a statement to the effect that a title of obligation (excluding a notarial instrument authorizing enforcement) or a declaration of provisional enforcement is revoked or a statement to the effect that judicial enforcement is not permitted;
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二債務名義に係る和解、認諾、調停又は労働審判の効力がないことを宣言する確定判決の正本又は記録事項証明書
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(ii)an authenticated copy or certificate of recorded information of a final and binding judgment declaring a settlement, acknowledgment, mediation or labor tribunal decision that a title of obligation concerns to be invalid;
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三第二十二条第二号から第四号の二までに掲げる債務名義が訴えの取下げその他の事由により効力を失つたことを証する調書の正本その他の裁判所書記官の作成した文書
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(iii)an authenticated copy of a record or any other document prepared by a court clerk which proves that any of the titles of obligation set forth in Article 22, item (ii) through (iv)-2 has ceased to be effective due to withdrawal of the action or any other grounds;
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四強制執行をしない旨又はその申立てを取り下げる旨を記載した裁判上の和解又は調停の調書の正本又は電子調書の記録事項証明書
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(iv)an authenticated copy or certificate of recorded information of a record or electronic record of a judicial settlement or mediation in which it is indicated that the obligation will not be enforced or that the petition for enforcement is withdrawn;
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四の二強制執行をしない旨又はその申立てを取り下げる旨を記載した裁判上の和解と同一の効力を有する労働審判の審判書若しくは電子審判書(労働審判法(平成十六年法律第四十五号)第二十条第三項に規定する電子審判書をいう。)又はこれらの作成に代えて口頭で告知する方法により行われた労働審判の主文及び理由の要旨を記載し、若しくは記録した調書若しくは電子調書の正本又は記録事項証明書
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(iv)-2a decision document or electronic decision document (meaning an electronic decision document prescribed in Article 20, paragraph (3) of the Labor Tribunal Act (Act No. 45 of 2004)) of a labor tribunal decision that has the same effect as a judicial settlement in which it is indicated that the obligation will not be enforced or that the petition for enforcement is withdrawn, or an authenticated copy or certificate of recorded information of a record or electronic record containing a statement or record of the main text of the order and an outline of the reasons for a labor tribunal decision made by the method of making an oral announcement in lieu of preparation of these items;
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五強制執行を免れるための担保を立てたことを証する文書又は電磁的記録
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(v)a document or electronic or magnetic record proving that security for avoiding judicial enforcement has been provided;
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六強制執行の停止及び執行処分の取消しを命ずる旨を記載した裁判の正本又は記録事項証明書
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(vi)an authenticated copy or certificate of recorded information of a judicial decision in which the court has indicated that it is issuing an order staying enforcement and voiding an enforcement measure;
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七強制執行の一時の停止を命ずる旨を記載した裁判の正本又は記録事項証明書
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(vii)an authenticated copy or certificate of recorded information of a judicial decision in which the court has indicated that it is issuing an order for a temporarily staying enforcement; or
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八債権者が、債務名義の成立後に、弁済を受け、又は弁済の猶予を承諾した旨を記載し、又は記録した文書又は電磁的記録
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(viii)a document or electronic or magnetic record indicating or recording that, after the establishment of a title of obligation, the obligee has had their claim satisfied or consented to granting a grace period for performance.
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(3)A stay of judicial enforcement based on submission of a document or electronic or magnetic record set forth in paragraph (1), item (viii) which contains or records a statement to the effect that an obligee consented to granting a grace period of performance that may only be effected twice and the total period does not exceed six months.
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(4)If a document (excluding a certificate of recorded information) set forth in paragraph (1), item (iii) should be submitted pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph, a person seeking to submit a petition to stay enforcement may, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, submit the information prescribed in the Rules of the Supreme Court as the information necessary to identify the case concerning which the grounds prescribed in the item have arisen in lieu of submitting the document.In this case, that person is deemed to have submitted the relevant document.
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(執行処分の取消し)
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(Voiding an Enforcement Measure)
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第四十条前条第一項第一号から第六号までに掲げる文書又は電磁的記録が提出されたときは、執行裁判所又は執行官は、既にした執行処分をも取り消さなければならない。
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Article 40(1)If a document or electronic or magnetic record set forth in paragraph (1), item (i) through (vi) of the preceding Article has been submitted, the enforcement court or court enforcement officer must void even an enforcement measure that has already been taken.
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(債務者が死亡した場合の強制執行の続行)
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(Continuation of Judicial Enforcement If the Obligor Has Died)
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第四十一条強制執行は、その開始後に債務者が死亡した場合においても、続行することができる。
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Article 41(1)Judicial enforcement may be continued even if the obligor died after its commencement.
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(3)The provisions of Article 35, paragraphs (2) and (3) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to the special agent referred to in the preceding paragraph.
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(執行費用の負担)
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(Sharing of Enforcement Costs)
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第四十二条強制執行の費用で必要なもの(以下「執行費用」という。)は、債務者の負担とする。
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Article 42(1)The costs of judicial enforcement that are necessary (hereinafter referred to as "enforcement costs") are borne by the obligor.
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(3)When a judicial decision revoking a title of obligation (excluding a notarial instrument authorizing enforcement) on which enforcement is based, or a judgment declaring invalidity of a settlement, acknowledgment, mediation or labor tribunal decision that a title of obligation concerns has become final and binding, the obligee must return, to the obligor, money equivalent to the enforcement costs that have been paid to the obligee.
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(4)The portion of the enforcement costs to be borne by an obligor pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) (excluding costs that were collected pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2); the same applies in the following paragraph and paragraph (7)) and the amount of money to be returned by an obligee pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph are established by a clerk of the enforcement court, upon petition.
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一前項に規定する執行費用の額強制執行の手続の終了の日
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(i)the amount of the enforcement costs prescribed in the preceding paragraph:the day on which the judicial enforcement proceedings are completed; or
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二前項に規定する返還すべき金銭の額第三項に規定する裁判又は判決が確定した日
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(ii)the amount of money to be returned prescribed in the preceding paragraph:the day on which the judicial decision or judgment prescribed in paragraph (3) becomes final and binding.
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(7)If the enforcement court finds there to be grounds to the filing of an objection to a court clerk's measures under the provisions of paragraph (4), and the enforcement costs and the amount of money to be returned prescribed in that paragraph are required to be established, the court must establish those amounts itself.
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(10)The provisions of Article 74, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to a court clerk's measures under the provisions of paragraph (4).In this case, the provisions of paragraph (6), paragraph (8), the preceding paragraph and Article 74, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis.
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第二節 金銭の支払を目的とする債権についての強制執行
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Section 2 Judicial Enforcement for Claims Whose Subject Matter Is the Payment of Money
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第一款 不動産に対する強制執行
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Subsection 1 Judicial Enforcement Against Immovable Property
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第一目 通則
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Division 1 General Rules
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(不動産執行の方法)
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(Method of Enforcement Against Immovable Property)
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第四十三条不動産(登記することができない土地の定着物を除く。以下この節において同じ。)に対する強制執行(以下「不動産執行」という。)は、強制競売又は強制管理の方法により行う。これらの方法は、併用することができる。
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Article 43(1)Judicial enforcement against immovable property (excluding any fixtures on land that are not registrable; hereinafter the same applies in this Section) (hereinafter referred to as "enforcement against immovable property") is carried out by the method of a forced sale at auction or forced administration. These methods may be used jointly.
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(執行裁判所)
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(Enforcement Court)
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第四十四条不動産執行については、その所在地(前条第二項の規定により不動産とみなされるものにあつては、その登記をすべき地)を管轄する地方裁判所が、執行裁判所として管轄する。
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Article 44(1)The district court having jurisdiction over the relevant location (or, for what is regarded to be immovable property pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, the place where it is to be registered) has jurisdiction over enforcement against immovable property as the enforcement court.
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(2)If a building exists over multiple jurisdictional districts of district courts, any of the district courts having jurisdiction in the locality of the land on which that building exists have jurisdiction over judicial enforcement against that building as the enforcement court, and the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the relevant land or the district court that has received a petition for judicial enforcement against the building has jurisdiction over judicial enforcement against the land on which that building exists as the enforcement court.
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第二目 強制競売
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Division 2 Forced Sale at Auction
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(開始決定等)
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(Commencement Order)
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第四十五条執行裁判所は、強制競売の手続を開始するには、強制競売の開始決定をし、その開始決定において、債権者のために不動産を差し押さえる旨を宣言しなければならない。
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Article 45(1)In order to commence proceedings for a forced sale at auction, the enforcement court must issue an order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings, and, in that order, it must declare that immovable property will be seized for the benefit of the obligee.
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(差押えの効力)
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(Effects of a Seizure)
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第四十六条差押えの効力は、強制競売の開始決定が債務者に送達された時に生ずる。ただし、差押えの登記がその開始決定の送達前にされたときは、登記がされた時に生ずる。
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Article 46(1)A seizure becomes effective when an order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings was served upon the obligor;provided, however, that if the seizure was registered prior to the service of the commencement order, the seizure becomes effective at the time of the registration.
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(二重開始決定)
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(Overlapped Commencement Order)
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第四十七条強制競売又は担保権の実行としての競売(以下この節において「競売」という。)の開始決定がされた不動産について強制競売の申立てがあつたときは、執行裁判所は、更に強制競売の開始決定をするものとする。
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Article 47(1)If a person files a petition for a forced sale at auction of immovable property for which an order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings or the auctioning of property as a means of enforcing a security interest (hereinafter referred to as an "auction" in this Section) has been issued, the enforcement court is to issue another order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings.
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(2)If a petition for a forced sale at auction or auction connected with a previous commencement order is withdrawn or if the proceedings for the forced sale at auction or auction connected with a previous commencement order are canceled, the enforcement court must continue the proceedings based on the later order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings.
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(3)In the cases of the preceding paragraph, if a later order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings is connected with a petition that was filed after the deadline to demand a distribution, the court clerk must set a new deadline for demanding a distribution.In this case, it is not required to give a notice under the provisions of Article 49, paragraph (2) to any person who has already filed a proof as referred to in Article 50, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188).
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(6)If the proceedings for a forced sale at auction or auction connected with a previous commencement order are stayed, the enforcement court, upon petition, may make a judicial decision to continue the proceedings based on a later order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings (limited to one resulting from a petition filed no later than the deadline to demand a distribution);provided, however, that this does not apply if the cancellation of the proceedings connected with the previous order would change the matter set forth in Article 62, paragraph (1), item (ii).
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(差押えの登記の嘱託等)
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(Commissioning the Registration of a Seizure)
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第四十八条強制競売の開始決定がされたときは、裁判所書記官は、直ちに、その開始決定に係る差押えの登記を嘱託しなければならない。
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Article 48(1)When an order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings has been issued, a court clerk must immediately commission the registration of the seizure connected with that commencement order.
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(開始決定及び配当要求の終期の公告等)
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(Public Notice of a Commencement Order and the Deadline to Demand a Distribution)
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第四十九条強制競売の開始決定に係る差押えの効力が生じた場合(その開始決定前に強制競売又は競売の開始決定がある場合を除く。)においては、裁判所書記官は、電子物件明細書(第六十二条第二項に規定する電子物件明細書をいう。)の作成までの手続に要する期間を考慮して、配当要求の終期を定めなければならない。
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Article 49(1)When a seizure associated with an order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings becomes effective (unless another order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings or auction has been issued before the commencement order in question), the court clerk must set a deadline for demanding a distribution by taking into consideration the period required for the procedure for preparation of the electronic description of property (meaning an electronic description of property prescribed in Article 62, paragraph (2)).
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(2)Once the court clerk sets the deadline for demanding a distribution, they must give public notice of the fact that a commencement order has been issued and the deadline to demand a distribution, and request the following persons or entities to file notifications with the enforcement court of the existence or non-existence of claims (including interests and any other incidental claims) and the basis and amounts of those claims by the deadline for demanding a distribution:
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一第八十七条第一項第三号に掲げる債権者
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(i)obligees set forth in Article 87, paragraph (1), item (iii);
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二第八十七条第一項第四号に掲げる債権者(抵当証券の所持人にあつては、知れている所持人に限る。)
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(ii)obligees set forth in Article 87, paragraph (1), item (iv) (in cases of holders of mortgage securities, limited to known holders); or
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三租税その他の公課を所管する官庁又は公署
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(iii)government agencies or public offices that have jurisdiction over tax and any other public charges.
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(催告を受けた者の債権の届出義務)
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(Obligation of Persons Receiving Requests to File Proofs of Their Claims)
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第五十条前条第二項の規定による催告を受けた同項第一号又は第二号に掲げる者は、配当要求の終期までに、その催告に係る事項について届出をしなければならない。
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Article 50(1)A person set forth in paragraph (2), item (i) or (ii) of the preceding Article who has received a request for action under the provisions of that paragraph must make a filing concerning the requested information by the deadline to demand distribution.
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(配当要求)
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(Demand for Distribution)
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第五十一条第二十五条の規定により強制執行を実施することができる債務名義の正本(以下「執行力のある債務名義の正本」という。)を有する債権者、強制競売の開始決定に係る差押えの登記後に登記された仮差押債権者、登記(仮登記を除く。)がされた一般の先取特権を有する債権者及び第百八十一条第一項第二号に掲げる文書又は電磁的記録により一般の先取特権を有することを証明した債権者は、配当要求をすることができる。
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Article 51(1)An obligee that has an authenticated copy of a title of obligation based on which judicial enforcement may be implemented pursuant to the provisions of Article 25 (hereinafter referred to as an "authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation"); an obligee effecting a provisional seizure who has been registered after the registration of the seizure resulting from an order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings; an obligee who has a registered (excluding provisional registration) general statutory lien; or an obligee who has proved that the obligee has a general statutory lien based on any of the documents or electronic or magnetic records set forth in Article 181, paragraph (1) , item (ii) may demand distribution.
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(配当要求の終期の変更)
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(Changing the Deadline to Demand Distribution)
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第五十二条配当要求の終期から、三月以内に売却許可決定がされないとき、又は三月以内にされた売却許可決定が取り消され、若しくは効力を失つたときは、配当要求の終期は、その終期から三月を経過した日に変更されたものとみなす。ただし、配当要求の終期から三月以内にされた売却許可決定が効力を失つた場合において、第六十七条の規定による次順位買受けの申出について売却許可決定がされたとき(その決定が取り消され、又は効力を失つたときを除く。)は、この限りでない。
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Article 52If a ruling to permit a sale is not issued within three months from the deadline to demand distribution or if a ruling to permit a sale that was issued within the three month period is revoked or ceases to be effective, the deadline to demand distribution is deemed to have been changed to the day after the expiration of three months following the deadline;provided, however, that this does not apply if a ruling to permit a sale that was issued within three months from the deadline for a demand for distribution has ceased to be effective and ruling to permit the sale has been issued for the next-highest offer under the provisions of Article 67 (excluding cases where the order has been revoked or has ceased to be effective).
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(不動産の滅失等による強制競売の手続の取消し)
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(Cancellation of Proceedings for a Forced Sale at Auction Due to a Loss of Immovable Property or Other Circumstances)
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第五十三条不動産の滅失その他売却による不動産の移転を妨げる事情が明らかとなつたときは、執行裁判所は、強制競売の手続を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 53If it becomes clear that immovable property has been lost or that there are other circumstances hindering the transfer of immovable property, the enforcement court must cancel the proceedings for the forced sale at auction.
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(差押えの登記の抹消の嘱託)
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(Commissioning the Deletion of a Registration of a Seizure)
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第五十四条強制競売の申立てが取り下げられたとき、又は強制競売の手続を取り消す決定が効力を生じたときは、裁判所書記官は、その開始決定に係る差押えの登記の抹消を嘱託しなければならない。
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Article 54(1)If a petition for a forced sale at auction is withdrawn or if an order cancelling the proceedings for a forced sale at auction becomes effective, the court clerk must commission the deletion of the registration of a seizure subject to that commencement order.
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(売却のための保全処分等)
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(Provisional Order for Sale)
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第五十五条執行裁判所は、債務者又は不動産の占有者が価格減少行為(不動産の価格を減少させ、又は減少させるおそれがある行為をいう。以下この項において同じ。)をするときは、差押債権者(配当要求の終期後に強制競売又は競売の申立てをした差押債権者を除く。)の申立てにより、買受人が代金を納付するまでの間、次に掲げる保全処分又は公示保全処分(執行官に、当該保全処分の内容を、不動産の所在する場所に公示書その他の標識を掲示する方法により公示させることを内容とする保全処分をいう。以下同じ。)を命ずることができる。ただし、当該価格減少行為による不動産の価格の減少又はそのおそれの程度が軽微であるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 55(1)If an obligor or a possessor of immovable property engages in a price reducing act (meaning an act that reduces or is likely to reduce the price of immovable property; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph), the enforcement court, upon petition by an attaching obligee (excluding an attaching obligee who filed a petition for a forced sale at auction or an auction after the deadline to demand distribution ), may issue the provisional order set forth in any of the following items or the provisional order to post a public notice (meaning a provisional order directing a court enforcement officer to give public notice of the content of the relevant provisional order by posting a written public notice or any other sign at the place where the immovable property is located; the same applies hereinafter) set forth in any of the following items, up until the purchaser pays the full price;provided, however, that this does not apply when the reduction in the price caused by the price reducing act or the extent of that likelihood is slight:
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一当該価格減少行為をする者に対し、当該価格減少行為を禁止し、又は一定の行為をすることを命ずる保全処分(執行裁判所が必要があると認めるときは、公示保全処分を含む。)
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(i)a provisional order prohibiting the person who commits the price reducing act from committing the price reducing act or ordering that person to conduct a certain act (including a provisional order to post a public notice, if the enforcement court finds it to be necessary);
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二次に掲げる事項を内容とする保全処分(執行裁判所が必要があると認めるときは、公示保全処分を含む。)
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(ii)a provisional order containing the following matters (including a provisional order to post a public notice, if the enforcement court finds it to be necessary):
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イ当該価格減少行為をする者に対し、不動産に対する占有を解いて執行官に引き渡すことを命ずること。
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(a)ordering the person who commits the price reducing act to give up possession of the immovable property and deliver it to the court enforcement officer;
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ロ執行官に不動産の保管をさせること。
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(b)having the court enforcement officer retain the immovable property.
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三次に掲げる事項を内容とする保全処分及び公示保全処分
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(iii)a provisional order containing the following matters, and a provisional order to post a public notice:
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イ前号イ及びロに掲げる事項
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(a)the matters set forth in (a) and (b) of the preceding item;
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ロ前号イに規定する者に対し、不動産の占有の移転を禁止することを命じ、及び当該不動産の使用を許すこと。
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(b)prohibiting the person prescribed in (a) of the preceding item from transferring the possession of immovable property and permitting the person to use the immovable property.
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一前項の債務者が不動産を占有する場合
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(i)cases where the obligor referred to in the preceding paragraph possesses the immovable property; or
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二前項の不動産の占有者の占有の権原が差押債権者、仮差押債権者又は第五十九条第一項の規定により消滅する権利を有する者に対抗することができない場合
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(ii)cases where the title to possession held by the possessor of the immovable property referred to in the preceding paragraph may not be duly asserted against the attaching obligee, the obligee effecting a provisional seizure or the person whose right is extinguished pursuant to the provisions of Article 59, paragraph (1).
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(4)When an enforcement court issues an order under the provisions of paragraph (1), it may have the petitioner provide security;provided, however, that the provisional order set forth in item (ii) of that paragraph may not be issued under the provisions of that paragraph without having the petitioner provide security.
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(10)The expenses required for the petition referred to in paragraph (1) or the enforcement of an order under the provisions of that paragraph (excluding item (i)) (including the expenses required for retention of immovable property) are treated as administrative expenses in the proceedings for forced sale at auction of that immovable property.
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(相手方を特定しないで発する売却のための保全処分等)
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(Provisional Order for Sale Issued Without Identifying the Other Party)
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第五十五条の二前条第一項第二号又は第三号に掲げる保全処分又は公示保全処分を命ずる決定については、当該決定の執行前に相手方を特定することを困難とする特別の事情があるときは、執行裁判所は、相手方を特定しないで、これを発することができる。
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Article 55-2(1)The enforcement court may issue an ruling establishing the provisional order set forth in paragraph (1), item (ii) or (iii) of the preceding Article or the provisional order to post a public notice set forth in those items without identifying the other party if there are special circumstances that make it difficult to identify the other party prior to the ruling being carried out.
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4第一項の規定による決定は、前条第八項の期間内にその執行がされなかつたときは、相手方に対して送達することを要しない。この場合において、第十五条第二項において準用する民事訴訟法第七十九条第一項の規定による担保の取消しの決定で前条第四項の規定により立てさせた担保に係るものは、執行裁判所が相当と認める方法で申立人に告知することによつて、その効力を生ずる。
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(4)A ruling under the provisions of paragraph (1) is not required to be served upon the other party if it is not enforced within the period referred to in paragraph (8) of the preceding Article.In this case, a ruling to release the security under the provisions of Article 79, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 15, paragraph (2), which concerns the security that a person was made to provide pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) of the preceding Article, becomes effective through notification of the petitioner by a means that the enforcement court finds to be reasonable.
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(地代等の代払の許可)
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(Permission to Pay Land Rent in Place of the Obligor)
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第五十六条建物に対し強制競売の開始決定がされた場合において、その建物の所有を目的とする地上権又は賃借権について債務者が地代又は借賃を支払わないときは、執行裁判所は、申立てにより、差押債権者(配当要求の終期後に強制競売又は競売の申立てをした差押債権者を除く。)がその不払の地代又は借賃を債務者に代わつて弁済することを許可することができる。
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Article 56(1)If an order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings has been issued against a building, if the obligor fails to pay a rent for the superficies or right of lease for owning that building, the enforcement court may, upon petition, permit the attaching obligee (excluding an attaching obligee who filed a petition for a forced sale at auction or an auction after the deadline to demand distribution) to perform that unpaid rent in place of the obligor.
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(現況調査)
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(Investigation of the Current Conditions)
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第五十七条執行裁判所は、執行官に対し、不動産の形状、占有関係その他の現況について調査を命じなければならない。
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Article 57(1)An enforcement court must order a court enforcement officer to investigate the shape, possession status and any other current conditions of immovable property.
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(4)If it is necessary for the investigation referred to in paragraph (1), a court enforcement officer may request the municipality (or, for an area where there are special wards, the metropolitan government) to deliver copies of drawings or any other materials it possesses with regard to the fixed property tax imposed on the immovable property (when the immovable property is land, it includes any building built on the land, and when the immovable property is a building, it includes the building site).
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(評価)
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(Appraisal)
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第五十八条執行裁判所は、評価人を選任し、不動産の評価を命じなければならない。
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Article 58(1)An enforcement court must appoint an appraiser and order the appraiser to appraise immovable property.
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(2)An appraiser must make an appraisal without delay by appropriately taking into consideration the transaction prices of the same kind of immovable property in the neighborhood, profits that are to arise from the immovable property, the cost of the immovable property and any other circumstances affecting the price formation of the immovable property.In this case, the appraiser must take into account the fact that it is an appraisal for implementing the sale of immovable property in proceedings for a forced sale at auction.
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(売却に伴う権利の消滅等)
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(Extinguishment of Rights upon Sales)
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第五十九条不動産の上に存する先取特権、使用及び収益をしない旨の定めのある質権並びに抵当権は、売却により消滅する。
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Article 59(1)Any statutory lien, any pledge with provisions not to use or make profits from immovable property and any mortgage existing on immovable property are extinguished when the property is sold.
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(3)The carrying out of a seizure or provisional seizure of immovable property; or the carrying out of a provisional disposition that may not be duly asserted against a person whose right is extinguished pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), an attaching obligee, or an obligee effecting a provisional seizure ceases to be effective when the property is sold.
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(5)When a person having an interest has given notification that they have concluded an agreement that differs from the provisions of paragraph (1), paragraph (2) or the preceding paragraph by the time the standard sales price under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the following Article is determined, the changes in rights on immovable property through the sale are in accordance with that agreement.
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(売却基準価額の決定等)
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(Order on the Standard Sales Price)
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第六十条執行裁判所は、評価人の評価に基づいて、不動産の売却の額の基準となるべき価額(以下「売却基準価額」という。)を定めなければならない。
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Article 60(1)An enforcement court must determine the price that is to serve as the standard for the sales price of immovable property (hereinafter referred to as the "standard sales price"), based on an appraisal by an appraiser.
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(一括売却)
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(Package Sale)
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第六十一条執行裁判所は、相互の利用上不動産を他の不動産(差押債権者又は債務者を異にするものを含む。)と一括して同一の買受人に買い受けさせることが相当であると認めるときは、これらの不動産を一括して売却することを定めることができる。ただし、一個の申立てにより強制競売の開始決定がされた数個の不動産のうち、あるものの買受可能価額で各債権者の債権及び執行費用の全部を弁済することができる見込みがある場合には、債務者の同意があるときに限る。
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Article 61If the enforcement court finds it to be reasonable to have the same purchaser purchase a piece of immovable property and another piece of immovable property (including those related to a different attaching obligee or a different obligor) considering the relationship in the use of the respective pieces of property, it may determine to sell the pieces of property in a package;provided, however, that this is limited to cases where the consent of the obligor has been obtained, if it is expected to be possible to fully perform the claims and enforcement costs of the respective obligees with the minimum purchase price of part of the several pieces of property for which an order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings has been issued based on a single petition.
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(電子物件明細書)
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(Electronic Description of Property)
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第六十二条裁判所書記官は、不動産の売却をするには、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、あらかじめ次に掲げる事項を記録した電磁的記録を作成し、これをファイルに記録しなければならない。
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Article 62(1)The court clerk must, for the sale of immovable property, prepare an electronic or magnetic record in advance in which the matters set forth in the following items are recorded pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court and record that record in a file:
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一不動産の表示
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(i)information identifying the immovable property;
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二不動産に係る権利の取得及び仮処分の執行で売却によりその効力を失わないもの
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(ii)any acquisition of rights to the immovable property or carrying out of provisional dispositions that does not cease to be effective upon sale; and
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三売却により設定されたものとみなされる地上権の概要
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(iii)the outline of the superficies that is deemed to have been established upon sales.
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(2)A court clerk must keep a document prepared by outputting the matters recorded in the electronic description of property (meaning the electronic or magnetic record recorded to a file pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph; the same applies hereinafter in this paragraph and Article 71, item (vii)) at the enforcement court and take measures to make it available for public inspection, take the measures to put those matters in a condition where they can be viewed on the screen of a computer installed at the court, or take the measure specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court for enabling many and unspecified persons to access the contents of the relevant electronic description of property.
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(剰余を生ずる見込みのない場合等の措置)
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(Measures Taken If Surplus Is Not Expected)
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第六十三条執行裁判所は、次の各号のいずれかに該当すると認めるときは、その旨を差押債権者(最初の強制競売の開始決定に係る差押債権者をいう。ただし、第四十七条第六項の規定により手続を続行する旨の裁判があつたときは、その裁判を受けた差押債権者をいう。以下この条において同じ。)に通知しなければならない。
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Article 63(1)An enforcement court must, if it finds that any of the following items apply, notify the attaching obligee (meaning the attaching obligee associated with the first order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings, or, if a judicial decision to continue the procedure under the provisions of Article 47, paragraph (6) has been issued, the attaching obligee who received that judicial decision; hereinafter the same applies in this Article) to that effect:
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一差押債権者の債権に優先する債権(以下この条において「優先債権」という。)がない場合において、不動産の買受可能価額が執行費用のうち共益費用であるもの(以下「手続費用」という。)の見込額を超えないとき。
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(i)If there is no claim that takes preference over the claim of the attaching obligee (hereinafter referred to as a "preferential claim" in this Article), if the minimum purchase price of the immovable property does not exceed the estimated amount of the part of the enforcement costs that constitutes administrative expenses (hereinafter referred to as "procedural expenses"); or
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二優先債権がある場合において、不動産の買受可能価額が手続費用及び優先債権の見込額の合計額に満たないとき。
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(ii)If there is a preferential claim, and the minimum purchase price of the immovable property is below the total of the estimated amount of the procedural expenses and that of the preferential claim.
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2差押債権者が、前項の規定による通知を受けた日から一週間以内に、優先債権がない場合にあつては手続費用の見込額を超える額、優先債権がある場合にあつては手続費用及び優先債権の見込額の合計額以上の額(以下この項において「申出額」という。)を定めて、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める申出及び保証の提供をしないときは、執行裁判所は、差押債権者の申立てに係る強制競売の手続を取り消さなければならない。ただし、差押債権者が、その期間内に、前項各号のいずれにも該当しないことを証明したとき、又は同項第二号に該当する場合であつて不動産の買受可能価額が手続費用の見込額を超える場合において、不動産の売却について優先債権を有する者(買受可能価額で自己の優先債権の全部の弁済を受けることができる見込みがある者を除く。)の同意を得たことを証明したときは、この限りでない。
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(2)When the attaching obligee fails to make an offer or to provide a guarantee, as provided in each of the following items for the cases set forth respectively therein, within one week from the day of receipt of a notice under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, by deciding, where there is no preferential claim, a price that exceeds the estimated amount of procedural expenses, or where there is a preferential claim, a price that is not less than the total of the estimated amount of procedural expenses and that of the preferential claim (hereinafter such a price is referred to as the "obligee's offered price" in this paragraph), the enforcement court must cancel the proceedings for a forced sale at auction under the petition filed by the attaching obligee;provided, however, that this does not apply when the attaching obligee has proved, within that period, that none of the items of the preceding paragraph apply, or if, in a case that falls under item (ii) of that paragraph, the minimum purchase price of the immovable property exceeds the estimated amount of procedural expenses and consent has been obtained from the persons who have the preferential claim (excluding a person who is expected to be able to receive full performance of the person's preferential claim at the minimum purchase price) for the sale of the immovable property:
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一差押債権者が不動産の買受人になることができる場合申出額に達する買受けの申出がないときは、自ら申出額で不動産を買い受ける旨の申出及び申出額に相当する保証の提供
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(i)cases where the attaching obligee is able to purchase the immovable property:Making of an offer to the effect that the attaching obligee will purchase the immovable property at the obligee's offered price if there is no purchase offer that reaches the obligee's offered price, and provision of a guarantee equivalent to the obligee's offered price; or
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二差押債権者が不動産の買受人になることができない場合買受けの申出の額が申出額に達しないときは、申出額と買受けの申出の額との差額を負担する旨の申出及び申出額と買受可能価額との差額に相当する保証の提供
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(ii)cases where the attaching obligee is unable to purchase the immovable property:Making of an offer to the effect that the attaching obligee will pay any difference between the obligee's offered price and the purchase offer price if the purchase offer price fails to reach the obligee's offered price, and provision of a guarantee equivalent to the difference between the obligee's offered price and the minimum purchase price.
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(3)If an offer has been made and a guarantee has been provided under item (ii) of the preceding paragraph, if there is no purchase offer at or beyond the minimum purchase price, the enforcement court must cancel the proceedings for a forced sale at auction under the petition filed by the attaching obligee.
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(売却の方法及び公告)
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(Method of Sale and Public Notice)
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第六十四条不動産の売却は、裁判所書記官の定める売却の方法により行う。
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Article 64(1)Immovable property is sold by the method of sale specified by the court clerk.
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(4)In the case of the preceding paragraph, the court clerk must, simultaneously with a disposition to have a sale implemented, designate the period for the expression of opinions pursuant to the provisions of Article 70, paragraph (1) and the day on which the ruling specified in Article 69, paragraph (1) is rendered.
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(内覧)
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(Preliminary Inspection)
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第六十四条の二執行裁判所は、差押債権者(配当要求の終期後に強制競売又は競売の申立てをした差押債権者を除く。)の申立てがあるときは、執行官に対し、内覧(不動産の買受けを希望する者をこれに立ち入らせて見学させることをいう。以下この条において同じ。)の実施を命じなければならない。ただし、当該不動産の占有者の占有の権原が差押債権者、仮差押債権者及び第五十九条第一項の規定により消滅する権利を有する者に対抗することができる場合で当該占有者が同意しないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 64-2(1)An enforcement court must, upon petition by the attaching obligee (excluding an attaching obligee who filed a petition for a forced sale at auction or an auction after the deadline to demand distribution), order a court enforcement officer to implement a preliminary inspection (meaning an occasion of having persons wishing to purchase the immovable property enter and inspect the immovable property; hereinafter the same applies in this Article);provided, however, that this does not apply when the title to possession held by the possessor of that immovable property may be duly asserted against the attaching obligee, the obligee effecting a provisional seizure or the person whose right will be extinguished pursuant to the provisions of Article 59, paragraph (1), and the possessor does not give their consent.
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(3)The court enforcement officer who has received the order referred to in paragraph (1) must, by the time of implementation of the sale, implement a preliminary inspection for persons who have requested to participate in the preliminary inspection pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court (excluding those who lack the qualification or capacity to purchase the immovable property or those for whom any of the grounds specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court exist; referred to as "preliminary inspection participants" in paragraph (5) and paragraph (6)).
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(売却の場所の秩序維持)
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(Maintenance of Order at the Place of Sale)
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第六十五条執行官は、次に掲げる者に対し、売却の場所に入ることを制限し、若しくはその場所から退場させ、又は買受けの申出をさせないことができる。
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Article 65A court enforcement officer may restrict entry of any of the following persons into the place of sale, have the persons leave that place or disallow the persons to make a purchase offer:
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一他の者の買受けの申出を妨げ、若しくは不当に価額を引き下げる目的をもつて連合する等売却の適正な実施を妨げる行為をし、又はその行為をさせた者
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(i)a person who has committed or caused another person to commit an act to obstruct other persons from making purchase offers or obstruct fair implementation of a sale, such as uniting for the purpose of unjustly lowering the price;
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二他の民事執行の手続の売却不許可決定において前号に該当する者と認定され、その売却不許可決定の確定の日から二年を経過しない者
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(ii)a person who has been recognized as falling under the preceding item in a ruling not to permit a sale that has been issued in another civil enforcement procedure, if it has not been two years since the day on which the ruling not to permit the sale became final and binding; and
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三民事執行の手続における売却に関し刑法(明治四十年法律第四十五号)第九十五条から第九十六条の五まで、第百九十七条から第百九十七条の四まで若しくは第百九十八条、組織的な犯罪の処罰及び犯罪収益の規制等に関する法律(平成十一年法律第百三十六号)第三条第一項第一号から第四号まで若しくは第二項(同条第一項第一号から第四号までに係る部分に限る。)又は公職にある者等のあっせん行為による利得等の処罰に関する法律(平成十二年法律第百三十号)第一条第一項、第二条第一項若しくは第四条の規定により刑に処せられ、その裁判の確定の日から二年を経過しない者
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(iii)a person who, in relation to a sale in a civil enforcement procedure, has been sentenced to a punishment pursuant to the provisions of Articles 95 to 96-5, Article 197 to 197-4 or Article 198 of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907), Article 3, paragraph (1), items (i) through (iv) or paragraph (2) (limited to the parts concerning paragraph (1), items (i) through (iv) of the same Article) of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crime and Control of Proceeds of Crime (Act No. 136 of 1999), or Article 1, paragraph (1), Article 2, paragraph (1) or Article 4 of the Act on Punishment of Persons Holding Public Office Who Acquire Benefits by Exerting Influence (Act No. 130 of 2000), where two years have yet to elapse from the day on which the judicial decision thereof became final and binding.
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(暴力団員等に該当しないこと等の陳述)
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(Statement Indicating That the Relevant Person Is Not a Current or Former Member of an Organized Crime Group)
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第六十五条の二不動産の買受けの申出は、次の各号のいずれにも該当しない旨を買受けの申出をしようとする者(その者に法的代理人がある場合にあつては当該法定代理人その者が法人である場合にあつてはその代表者)が最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより陳述しなければ、することができない。
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Article 65-2A person seeking to submit an offer to purchase immovable property (or their legal representative, if they have one; or the representative, if the person is a corporation) may not submit that offer without giving a statement, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, indicating that none of the following items applies:
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一買受けの申出をしようとする者(その者が法人である場合にあつては、その役員)が暴力団員による不当な行為の防止等に関する法律(平成三年法律第七十七号)第二条第六号に規定する暴力団員(以下この号において「暴力団員」という。)又は暴力団員でなくなつた日から五年を経過しない者(以下この目において「暴力団員等」という。)であること。
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(i)the person seeking to submit the purchase offer (or its officers, if that person is a corporation) is a member of an organized crime group provided for in Article 2, item (vi) of the Act on Preventing Unjust Acts by Members of Organized Crime Groups (Act No. 77 of 1991) (hereinafter referred to as a "member of an organized crime group" in this item) or is someone who ceased to be a member of an organized crime group on a date that is less than five years in the past (hereinafter referred to as a "current or former member of an organized crime group" in this division); or
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二自己の計算において当該買受けの申出をさせようとする者(その者が法人である場合にあつては、その役員)が暴力団員等であること。
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(ii)a first person seeking to have a second person submit the purchase offer on the first person's own account (or its officers, if that person is a corporation) is a current or former member of an organized crime group.
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(買受けの申出の保証)
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(Purchase Offer Guarantee)
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第六十六条不動産の買受けの申出をしようとする者は、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、執行裁判所が定める額及び方法による保証を提供しなければならない。
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Article 66A person seeking to submit an offer to purchase immovable property must provide a guarantee in the amount and by the method specified by the enforcement court pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(次順位買受けの申出)
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(Next-Highest Offer)
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第六十七条最高価買受申出人に次いで高額の買受けの申出をした者は、その買受けの申出の額が、買受可能価額以上で、かつ、最高価買受申出人の申出の額から買受けの申出の保証の額を控除した額以上である場合に限り、売却の実施の終了までに、執行官に対し、最高価買受申出人に係る売却許可決定が第八十条第一項の規定により効力を失うときは、自己の買受けの申出について売却を許可すべき旨の申出(以下「次順位買受けの申出」という。)をすることができる。
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Article 67A person who has made the next-highest purchase offer to the highest bidder may, provided that that person's purchase offer price is not less than the minimum purchase price and not less than the price obtained by deducting the amount of the purchase offer guarantee from the price offered by the highest bidder, make an offer seeking permission of sale for the offeror's purchase offer in the event that the order permitting the sale to the highest bidder ceases to be effective pursuant to the provisions of Article 80, paragraph (1) (hereinafter the offer is referred to as the "next-highest offer") to a court enforcement officer, by the time of the termination of implementation of the sale.
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(債務者の買受けの申出の禁止)
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(Prohibition of a Purchase Offer by an Obligor)
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第六十八条債務者は、買受けの申出をすることができない。
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Article 68An obligor may not make a purchase offer.
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(買受けの申出をした差押債権者のための保全処分等)
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(Provisional Order for an Attaching Obligee Who Has Made a Purchase Offer)
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第六十八条の二執行裁判所は、裁判所書記官が入札又は競り売りの方法により売却を実施させても買受けの申出がなかつた場合において、債務者又は不動産の占有者が不動産の売却を困難にする行為をし、又はその行為をするおそれがあるときは、差押債権者(配当要求の終期後に強制競売又は競売の申立てをした差押債権者を除く。次項において同じ。)の申立てにより、買受人が代金を納付するまでの間、担保を立てさせて、次に掲げる事項を内容とする保全処分(執行裁判所が必要があると認めるときは、公示保全処分を含む。)を命ずることができる。
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Article 68-2(1)If no purchase offer was made when the court clerk had a sale implemented by the method of bidding or an auction, if the obligor or the possessor of the immovable property has committed or is likely to commit an act that makes the sale of the immovable property difficult, the enforcement court may, upon petition by an attaching obligee (excluding an attaching obligee who filed a petition for a forced sale at auction or an auction after the deadline to demand distribution; the same applies in the following paragraph), issue a provisional order containing the following matters (including a provisional order to post a public notice, if the enforcement court finds it to be necessary), while requiring provision of security, until a purchaser pays the price:
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一債務者又は不動産の占有者に対し、不動産に対する占有を解いて執行官又は申立人に引き渡すことを命ずること。
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(i)ordering the obligor or the possessor of the immovable property to give up possession of the immovable property and deliver it to the court enforcement officer or the petitioner; and
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二執行官又は申立人に不動産の保管をさせること。
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(ii)having the court enforcement officer or the petitioner retain the immovable property.
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(2)An attaching obligee must, in order to file the petition referred to in the preceding paragraph, decide on a price not less than the minimum purchase price (hereinafter referred to as the "obligee's offered price" in this paragraph), make an offer to the effect that the obligee must purchase the immovable property at the obligee's offered price if there is no purchase offer that reaches the obligee's offered price upon the next implementation of a sale by bidding or an auction, and provide a guarantee equivalent to the obligee's offered price.
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(4)The provisions of Article 55, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a provisional order under the provisions of paragraph (1), the provisions of paragraph (3) of the Article apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of paragraph (1), the provisions of paragraph (6) of the Article apply mutatis mutandis to a judicial decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1), a judicial decision under the provisions of the preceding paragraph or a judicial decision to dismiss the petition referred to in that paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (7) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (8) and paragraph (9) of that Article and Article 55-2 apply mutatis mutandis to an order granting the provisional order prescribed in paragraph (1), the provisions of Article 55 , paragraph (10) apply mutatis mutandis to expenses required for the petition referred to in paragraph (1) or carrying out of an order under the provisions of the paragraph, and the provisions of Article 63, paragraph (4) apply mutatis mutandis to the provision of a guarantee referred to in paragraph (2).
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(売却の見込みのない場合の措置)
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(Measures for When Immovable Property Is Unlikely to Be Sold)
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第六十八条の三執行裁判所は、裁判所書記官が入札又は競り売りの方法による売却を三回実施させても買受けの申出がなかつた場合において、不動産の形状、用途、法令による利用の規制その他の事情を考慮して、更に売却を実施させても売却の見込みがないと認めるときは、強制競売の手続を停止することができる。この場合においては、差押債権者に対し、その旨を通知しなければならない。
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Article 68-3(1)If no purchase offer has been made even though the court clerk has had a sale implemented three times through bidding or an auction, and if the enforcement court, taking into consideration the shape of the immovable property, its intended use, regulations on its use under laws and regulations, and any other circumstances, finds that the property is unlikely to be sold even if the court clerk has a sale implemented again, the enforcement court may stay the proceedings for the forced sale at auction.In this case, the enforcement court must notify the attaching obligee to that effect.
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(2)If, within three months from the day of receipt of notice under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, an attaching obligee has made an offer to the enforcement court seeking to have a sale implemented on the basis that there is a person seeking to make a purchase offer, a court clerk must have a sale implemented pursuant to the provisions of Article 64.
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(3)If an attaching obligee does not make an offer seeking to have a sale implemented under the provisions of the preceding paragraph within the period referred to in that paragraph, the enforcement court may cancel the proceedings for the forced sale at auction. The same applies if no purchase offer was made when a court clerk had a sale implemented pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph.
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(調査の嘱託)
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(Commission of Investigation)
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第六十八条の四執行裁判所は、最高価買受申出人(その者が法人である場合にあつては、その役員。以下この項において同じ。)が暴力団員等に該当するか否かについて、必要な調査を執行裁判所の所在地を管轄する都道府県警察に嘱託しなければならない。ただし、最高価買受申出人が暴力団員等に該当しないと認めるべき事情があるものとして最高裁判所規則で定める場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 68-4(1)An enforcement court must commission the prefectural police having jurisdiction of the location of the enforcement court to conduct necessary investigation concerning whether or not the highest bidder (or officers if the person is a corporation; the same applies in this paragraph) falls under an current or former member of an organized crime group;provided, however, that this does not apply to cases, which the Rules of the Supreme Court provide, that there are circumstances which cause the enforcement court to find that the highest bidder does not fall under an current or former member of an organized crime group
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(2)If an enforcement court finds that there is a person who makes the highest bidder make the purchase offer on the persons account, the enforcement court must commission the prefectural police having jurisdiction of the location of the enforcement court to conduct necessary investigation concerning whether or not the person who makes the offeror make the purchase offer (or officers if the person is a corporation; the same applies in this paragraph) falls under an current or former member of an organized crime group;provided, however, that this does not apply to cases, which the Rules of the Supreme Court provide, that there are circumstances which cause the enforcement court to find that the person who makes the offeror make the purchase offer does not fall under an current or former member of an organized crime group
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(売却決定)
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(Ruling on a Sale)
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第六十九条執行裁判所は、売却の許可又は不許可の決定をしなければならない。
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Article 69(1)An enforcement court must rule to permit or not to permit that sale.
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2前項の決定は、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、電子決定書(第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第百二十二条において準用する同法第二百五十二条第一項の規定により作成される電磁的記録をいう。第百九十条第一項第三号において同じ。)を作成してしなければならない。
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(2)A ruling specified in the preceding paragraph must be done by preparing an electronic ruling (meaning an electronic or magnetic record prepared pursuant to the provisions of Article 252, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 122 of that Code applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20; the same applies in Article 190, paragraph (1), item (iii)), pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(売却の許可又は不許可に関する意見の陳述)
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(Statement of Opinions on Permitting or Not Permitting a Sale)
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第七十条不動産の売却の許可又は不許可に関し利害関係を有する者は、次条各号に掲げる事由で自己の権利に影響のあるものについて、意見を陳述することができる。
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Article 70(1)A person who has interest in a sale of immovable property being permitted or not being permitted may state their opinion with regard to any of the grounds set forth in the items of the following Article that affect their rights.
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(売却不許可事由)
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(Grounds for Not Permitting a Sale)
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第七十一条執行裁判所は、次に掲げる事由があると認めるときは、売却不許可決定をしなければならない。
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Article 71If an enforcement court finds there to be any of the following grounds, it must rule not to permit the sale:
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一強制競売の手続の開始又は続行をすべきでないこと。
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(i)the proceedings for the forced sale at auction should not be commenced or continued;
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二最高価買受申出人が不動産を買い受ける資格若しくは能力を有しないこと又はその代理人がその権限を有しないこと。
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(ii)the highest bidder lacks the qualification or capacity to purchase the immovable property or their agent lacks the authority to act as agent;
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三最高価買受申出人が不動産を買い受ける資格を有しない者の計算において買受けの申出をした者であること。
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(iii)the highest bidder is a person who has made a purchase offer on the account of a person who is not eligible to purchase the immovable property;
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四最高価買受申出人、その代理人又は自己の計算において最高価買受申出人に買受けの申出をさせた者が次のいずれかに該当すること。
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(iv)the highest bidder, their agent or the person who, on their own account, had the highest bidder make a purchase offer falls under any of the following categories:
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イその強制競売の手続において第六十五条第一号に規定する行為をした者
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(a)a person who has engaged in the act prescribed in Article 65, item (i) in the proceedings for the forced sale at auction;
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ロその強制競売の手続において、代金の納付をしなかつた者又は自己の計算においてその者に買受けの申出をさせたことがある者
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(b)a person who has failed to pay the price or a person who has, on their own account, had the relevant person make a purchase offer in the proceedings for the forced sale at auction;
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ハ第六十五条第二号又は第三号に掲げる者
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(c)the person set forth in Article 65, item (ii) or (iii);
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五最高価買受申出人又は自己の計算において最高価買受申出人に買受けの申出をさせた者が次のいずれかに該当すること。
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(v)the highest bidder or a person who makes the highest bidder make the purchase offer on their own account falls under any of the following items:
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イ暴力団員等(買受けの申出がされた時に暴力団員等であつた者を含む。)
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(a)an current or former member of an organized crime group (including a person who was an current or former member of an organized crime group when the purchase offer was made);
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ロ法人でその役員のうちに暴力団員等に該当する者があるもの(買受けの申出がされた時にその役員のうちに暴力団員等に該当する者があつたものを含む。)
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(b)a corporation which has a person who falls under an current or former member of an organized crime group as its officer (including a corporation which had a person who falls under an current or former member of an organized crime group as its officer when the purchase offer was made);
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六第七十五条第一項の規定による売却の不許可の申出があること。
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(vi)there is a petition not to permit the sale under the provisions of Article 75, paragraph (1);
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七売却基準価額若しくは一括売却の決定、電子物件明細書の作成又はこれらの手続に重大な誤りがあること。
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(vii)there is a serious error in an order of the standard sales price, an order of package sale, preparation of an electronic description of property, or the procedure of that order or preparation; or
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八売却の手続に重大な誤りがあること。
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(viii)there is a serious error in the procedure of sale.
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(売却の実施の終了後に執行停止の裁判等の提出があつた場合の措置)
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(Measures for When a Judicial Decision to Stay Enforcement Has Been Submitted After a Sale Procedures Have Finished Being Implemented)
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第七十二条売却の実施の終了から売却の許可又は不許可の決定までの間に第三十九条第一項第七号に掲げる文書の提出があつた場合には、執行裁判所は、他の事由により売却不許可決定をするときを除き、売却の許可又は不許可の決定をすることができない。この場合においては、最高価買受申出人又は次順位買受申出人は、執行裁判所に対し、買受けの申出を取り消すことができる。
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Article 72(1)If the document set forth in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (vii) has been submitted during the period from when sale procedures have finished being implemented until the ruling to permit or not permit a sale, the enforcement court may not rule to permit or not permit a sale, unless it will rule not to permit the sale based on different grounds.In this case, the highest bidder or the next-highest bidder may make a filing with the enforcement court rescinding their purchase offer.
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(3)If the document or electronic or magnetic record set forth in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (viii) is submitted after sale procedures have finished being implemented, the provisions of that Article apply only if the ruling to permit that sale is set aside or ceases to be effective or the ruling to not permit that sale has become final and binding.
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(超過売却となる場合の措置)
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(Measures in Cases of Becoming an Excess Sale)
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第七十三条数個の不動産を売却した場合において、あるものの買受けの申出の額で各債権者の債権及び執行費用の全部を弁済することができる見込みがあるときは、執行裁判所は、他の不動産についての売却許可決定を留保しなければならない。
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Article 73(1)If multiple pieces of immovable property are being sold and it is expected to be possible to fully pay the claims and enforcement costs of the obligees with the purchase offer price of some of the pieces of property, the enforcement court must withhold the ruling to permit the sale of the remaining pieces of property.
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(2)In the cases of the preceding paragraph, if it is expected to be possible to fully perform the claims and enforcement costs of the respective obligees with the purchase offer price of any of several pieces of property, the enforcement court must hear the opinion of the obligor in advance with regard to the pieces of immovable property for which a sale should be permitted.
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(売却の許可又は不許可の決定に対する執行抗告)
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(Appeal Against a Ruling to Permit or Not Permit a Sale)
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第七十四条売却の許可又は不許可の決定に対しては、その決定により自己の権利が害されることを主張するときに限り、執行抗告をすることができる。
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Article 74(1)An appeal may be filed against a ruling to permit or not permit a sale, but only if the appellant asserts that the appellant's rights will be prejudiced by the ruling.
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(3)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the grounds set forth in the items of Article 338, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure may serve as the basis for an appeal against a ruling to permit or not permit a sale.
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(4)With regard to application of the provisions of Article 10, paragraph (2) for an appeal against a ruling to permit or not permit a sale, the phrase "the day on which the person is notified of the judicial decision" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "the day of the ruling to permit or not permit a sale."
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(不動産が損傷した場合の売却の不許可の申出等)
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(Petitioning the Court Not to Permit a Sale in Cases Where Immovable Property Has Been Damaged)
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第七十五条最高価買受申出人又は買受人は、買受けの申出をした後天災その他自己の責めに帰することができない事由により不動産が損傷した場合には、執行裁判所に対し、売却許可決定前にあつては売却の不許可の申出をし、売却許可決定後にあつては代金を納付する時までにその決定の取消しの申立てをすることができる。ただし、不動産の損傷が軽微であるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 75(1)If, after the highest bidder or purchaser has made a purchase offer, the immovable property is damaged due to a natural disaster or other grounds not attributable to them, the highest bidder or purchaser may petition the enforcement court not to permit the sale, if it is prior to the issuance of a ruling to permit the sale, or may petition the enforcement court to set aside the ruling to permit the sale, if it is after that ruling has been issued but before the time the price is paid;provided, however, that this does not apply if the damage to the immovable property is slight.
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(買受けの申出後の強制競売の申立ての取下げ等)
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(Withdrawal of a Petition for a Forced Sale at Auction After a Purchase Offer Has Been Made)
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第七十六条買受けの申出があつた後に強制競売の申立てを取り下げるには、最高価買受申出人又は買受人及び次順位買受申出人の同意を得なければならない。ただし、他に差押債権者(配当要求の終期後に強制競売又は競売の申立てをした差押債権者を除く。)がある場合において、取下げにより第六十二条第一項第二号に掲げる事項について変更が生じないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 76(1)In order to withdraw a petition for a forced sale at auction after a purchase offer has been made, the consent of the highest bidder or the purchaser and the next-highest bidder must be obtained;provided, however, that this does not apply when there is any other attaching obligee (excluding an attaching obligee who filed a petition for a forced sale at auction or an auction after the deadline to demand distribution) and the withdrawal does not cause any change to the matter set forth in Article 62, paragraph (1),item (ii).
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(最高価買受申出人又は買受人のための保全処分等)
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(Provisional Order for the Highest Bidder or the Purchaser)
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第七十七条執行裁判所は、債務者又は不動産の占有者が、価格減少行為等(不動産の価格を減少させ、又は不動産の引渡しを困難にする行為をいう。以下この項において同じ。)をし、又は価格減少行為等をするおそれがあるときは、最高価買受申出人又は買受人の申立てにより、引渡命令の執行までの間、その買受けの申出の額(金銭により第六十六条の保証を提供した場合にあつては、当該保証の額を控除した額)に相当する金銭を納付させ、又は代金を納付させて、次に掲げる保全処分又は公示保全処分を命ずることができる。
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Article 77(1)If the obligor or the possessor of immovable property has frustrated the sale of the property (meaning engaging in an act that reduces the value of immovable property or makes it difficult to deliver; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) or is likely to do so, the enforcement court, upon petition by the highest bidder or the purchaser, may establish the provisional order set forth in any of the following items or the provisional order to post a public notice set forth in any of those items, until the delivery order is carried out, while requiring payment of money equivalent to the purchase offer price (or the purchase offer price less the amount of the guarantee referred to in Article 66, if the person has provided that guarantee in the form of money) or payment of the price:
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一債務者又は不動産の占有者に対し、価格減少行為等を禁止し、又は一定の行為をすることを命ずる保全処分(執行裁判所が必要があると認めるときは、公示保全処分を含む。)
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(i)a provisional order prohibiting the obligor or the possessor of the immovable property from frustrating the sale of the property or ordering that person to engaged a specific act (this includes a provisional order to post a public notice, if the enforcement court finds it to be necessary);
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二次に掲げる事項を内容とする保全処分(執行裁判所が必要があると認めるときは、公示保全処分を含む。)
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(ii)a provisional order with the following content (this includes a provisional order to post a public notice, if the enforcement court finds it to be necessary):
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イ当該価格減少行為等をし、又はそのおそれがある者に対し、不動産に対する占有を解いて執行官に引き渡すことを命ずること。
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(a)that the court orders the person who has frustrated the sale of the property or is likely to do so to give up possession of the immovable property and deliver it to the court enforcement officer;
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ロ執行官に不動産の保管をさせること。
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(b)that the court will have the court enforcement officer take custody of the immovable property.
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三次に掲げる事項を内容とする保全処分及び公示保全処分
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(iii)a provisional order with the following content, and a provisional order to post a public notice:
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イ前号イ及びロに掲げる事項
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(a)the matters set forth in (a) and (b) of the preceding item;
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ロ前号イに規定する者に対し、不動産の占有の移転を禁止することを命じ、及び不動産の使用を許すこと。
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(b)that the court prohibits the person prescribed in (a) of the preceding item from transferring the possession of immovable property, and that it permits that person to use the immovable property.
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(2)The provisions of Article 55, paragraph (2) (limited to the portion related to item (i)) apply mutatis mutandis to the provisional order set forth in item (ii) or item (iii) of the preceding paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (2) of that Article (limited to the portion related to item (ii)) apply mutatis mutandis to the provisional order set forth in the preceding paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (3), the main clause of paragraph (4) and paragraph (5) of that Article applies mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (6) of the Article apply mutatis mutandis pursuant to a judicial decision on the petition referred to in the preceding paragraph or the petition referred to in paragraph (5) of the Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (7) of the Article apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of paragraph (5) of the Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph, and the provisions of paragraph (8) and paragraph (9) of the Article and Article 55-2 apply mutatis mutandis to an order granting the provisional order set forth in item (ii) or item (iii) of the preceding paragraph.
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(代金の納付)
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(Payment of the Price)
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第七十八条売却許可決定が確定したときは、買受人は、裁判所書記官の定める期限までに代金を執行裁判所に納付しなければならない。
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Article 78(1)When a ruling to permit a sale becomes final and binding, the purchaser must pay the price to the enforcement court by the time limit specified by the court clerk.
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(3)If the purchaser has provided the guarantee referred to in Article 63, paragraph (2), item (i) or Article 68-2, paragraph (2) by a method other than payment of money, the enforcement court conducts realization of what has been provided as the guarantee pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, and allot the amount obtained by deducting the expenses required for the realization from the realization value to the payment of the price.In this case, the expenses required for the realization are borne by the purchaser.
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(4)If the purchaser is an obligee who is to receive a distribution or payment from the proceeds of the sale, the purchaser may pay the price from which the amount of distribution or payment to be received has been deducted, by making the proposal to the enforcement court by the time when the order of permission of sale becomes final and binding.In this case, the sale price must be paid by the day when the period for filing an objection (meaning the period for filing an objection prescribed in Article 85-2, paragraph (1); the same applies in the following paragraph) ends or paid on the distribution date (meaning the distribution date prescribed in Article 85-3, paragraph (1); the same applies in the following paragraph and Article 85, paragraph (1)) or the day of delivery of payment.
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(5)In the case of the preceding paragraph, if an objection is filed with regard to the amount of distribution to be received by the purchaser, the purchaser must pay money equivalent to the portion that the objection concerns within one week from the day that the period for filing an objection ends or the distribution date.
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6裁判所書記官は、特に必要があると認めるときは、第一項の期限を変更することができる。
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(6) A court clerk may, if the court clerk finds it to be particularly necessary, change the time limit referred to in paragraph (1).
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8第十条第六項前段及び第九項の規定は、前項の規定による異議の申立てがあつた場合について準用する。
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(8) The provisions of the first sentence of Article 10, paragraph (6) and Article 10, paragraph (9) apply mutatis mutandis to cases where an objection under the provisions of the preceding paragraph has been filed.
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(不動産の取得の時期)
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(Time of Acquisition of the Immovable Property)
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第七十九条買受人は、代金を納付した時に不動産を取得する。
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Article 79A purchaser acquires immovable property at the time of payment of the price.
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(代金不納付の効果)
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(Effects of Non-Payment of the Price)
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第八十条買受人が代金を納付しないときは、売却許可決定は、その効力を失う。この場合においては、買受人は、第六十六条の規定により提供した保証の返還を請求することができない。
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Article 80(1)A ruling to permit a sale ceases to be effective if the purchaser fails to pay the price.In this case, the purchaser may not claim return of the guarantee provided pursuant to the provisions of Article 66.
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(法定地上権)
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(Statutory Superficies)
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第八十一条土地及びその上にある建物が債務者の所有に属する場合において、その土地又は建物の差押えがあり、その売却により所有者を異にするに至つたときは、その建物について、地上権が設定されたものとみなす。この場合においては、地代は、当事者の請求により、裁判所が定める。
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Article 81If land and any building built on it are under the ownership of an obligor, if the land or building has been seized and the owner of either the land or building has changed to a person other than that obligor through a sale thereof, a superficies is deemed to have been established for the building.In this case, the rent is specified by the court, upon request by a party concerned.
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(代金納付による登記の嘱託)
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(Commission of Registration upon Payment of the Price)
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第八十二条買受人が代金を納付したときは、裁判所書記官は、次に掲げる登記及び登記の抹消を嘱託しなければならない。
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Article 82(1)Once a purchaser pays the purchase price, the court clerk must commission the following registration or deletion:
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一買受人の取得した権利の移転の登記
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(i)registration of transfer of the rights acquired by the purchaser;
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二売却により消滅した権利又は売却により効力を失つた権利の取得若しくは仮処分に係る登記の抹消
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(ii)deletion of a registration connected with any rights that were extinguished through the sale or acquisition of rights or provisional dispositions that ceased to be effective through the sale; and
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三差押え又は仮差押えの登記の抹消
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(iii)deletion of a registration of any seizure or provisional seizure.
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(2)If the purchaser or a person who seeks to receive establishment of a mortgage on immovable property from the purchaser has made a proposal by the time of payment of the price, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, the commission under the provisions of the preceding paragraph must be made by providing commission information to a person who is capable of providing an agency service of application for registration as a business and who has been designated by the proposer, and having that person provide the commission information to the registry.In this case, the person designated by the proposer must provide the commission information to the registry without delay.
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(引渡命令)
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(Delivery Order)
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第八十三条執行裁判所は、代金を納付した買受人の申立てにより、債務者又は不動産の占有者に対し、不動産を買受人に引き渡すべき旨を命ずることができる。ただし、事件の記録上買受人に対抗することができる権原により占有していると認められる者に対しては、この限りでない。
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Article 83(1)An enforcement court may, upon petition by a purchaser who has paid the price, order an obligor or a possessor of immovable property to deliver the immovable property to the purchaser;provided, however, that this does not apply to a person who is recognized, under the record of the case, to possess the immovable property based on a title that may be duly asserted against the purchaser.
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(2)A purchaser may not file the petition referred to in the preceding paragraph when six months (or, for a purchaser of a building that had been possessed by the mortgaged building user prescribed in Article 395, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code at the time of the purchase, nine months) have elapsed from the day of payment of the price.
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(3)An enforcement court must, in the case of issuing an order under the provisions of paragraph (1) to a possessor other than the obligor, interrogate that person;provided, however, that this does not apply when it is clear, under the record of the case, that the person does not possess the immovable property based on a title that may be duly asserted against the purchaser or if the enforcement court has already interrogated that person.
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(占有移転禁止の保全処分等の効力)
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(Effects of a Provisional Order Prohibiting Transfer of Possession)
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第八十三条の二強制競売の手続において、第五十五条第一項第三号又は第七十七条第一項第三号に掲げる保全処分及び公示保全処分を命ずる決定の執行がされ、かつ、買受人の申立てにより当該決定の被申立人に対して引渡命令が発せられたときは、買受人は、当該引渡命令に基づき、次に掲げる者に対し、不動産の引渡しの強制執行をすることができる。
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Article 83-2(1)In proceedings for a forced sale at auction, if a ruling establishing a provisional order set forth in Article 55, paragraph (1), item (iii) or Article 77, paragraph (1), item (iii) and a provisional order to post a public notice set forth in those items has been carried out and a delivery order has been issued against the respondent associated with that ruling upon petition by the purchaser, the purchaser may enforce the delivery of the immovable property against either of the following persons based on the delivery order:
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一当該決定の執行がされたことを知つて当該不動産を占有した者
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(i)a person who possessed the immovable property, knowing that the ruling has been carried out; or
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二当該決定の執行後に当該執行がされたことを知らないで当該決定の被申立人の占有を承継した者
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(ii)a person who succeeded to the possession of that immovable property by the respondent associated with the ruling after the ruling has been carried out, without knowing that the ruling had been carried out.
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(3)If an attestation of enforceability against a person other than the respondent of the order referred to in paragraph (1) has been provided with regard to the delivery order referred to that paragraph, this person may file an objection to the provision of the attestation of enforceability on the basis that they possess the immovable property based on a title that may be duly asserted against the purchaser or that they do not fall under any of the items of that paragraph.
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(売却代金の配当等の実施)
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(Implementing a Distribution or Payment Out of the Proceeds of a Sale)
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第八十四条執行裁判所は、代金の納付があつた場合には、次項に規定する場合を除き、電子配当表(次条第三項に規定する電子配当表であつて、同条第五項の規定によりファイルに記録されたものをいう。)に基づいて配当を実施しなければならない。
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Article 84(1)If the sale price has been paid, an enforcement court must implement distribution based on an electronic distribution list (an electronic distribution list prescribed in paragraph (3) of the following Article recorded in a file pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5) of that Article) except in the cases prescribed in the following paragraph.
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(2)If there is only one obligee or if there are two or more obligees and it is possible to fully perform the claims and enforcement costs of the respective obligees with the proceeds of the sale, the enforcement court prepares an electronic statement of delivery of the proceeds of the sale (meaning an electronic or magnetic record prepared by the enforcement court, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, by recording the amount of the proceeds of the sale, the amounts of the principal of the claims, interest, and any other incidental claims of each obligee, the amount of the enforcement costs, and the order and amounts of delivery of payment money to enable the payment money and surplus to be delivered; the same applies in the following paragraph) pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, and delivers payment money to the obligees and delivers any surplus to the obligor.
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4代金の納付後に第三十九条第一項第一号から第六号までに掲げる文書又は電磁的記録の提出があつた場合において、他に売却代金の配当又は弁済金の交付(以下「配当等」という。)を受けるべき債権者があるときは、執行裁判所は、その債権者のために配当等を実施しなければならない。
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(4) If a document or electronic or magnetic record set forth in Article 39, paragraph (1), items (i) through (vi) has been submitted after the payment of the price, and there is another obligee that is to receive distribution from the proceeds of the sale or that is to be delivered payment (hereinafter referred to as "distribution or payment"), the enforcement court must implement distribution or payment for that obligee.
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5代金の納付後に第三十九条第一項第七号又は第八号に掲げる文書又は電磁的記録の提出があつた場合においても、執行裁判所は、配当等を実施しなければならない。
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(5) The enforcement court must also implement distribution or payment if the document or electronic or magnetic record set forth in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (vii) or (viii) has been submitted after the payment of the price.
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(電子配当表の作成)
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(Preparation of Electronic Distribution List)
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第八十五条執行裁判所は、第八十七条第一項各号に掲げる各債権者について、その債権の元本及び利息その他の附帯の債権の額、執行費用の額並びに配当の順位及び額を定める。ただし、配当の順位及び額については、全ての債権者間に合意が成立し、執行裁判所に対しその旨の届出があつた場合又は配当期日において全ての債権者間に合意が成立した場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 85(1)An enforcement court determines the amounts of the principal of the claim, interest, and any other incidental claims, the amount of enforcement costs, and the order and amount of distribution for each of the obligees set forth in the items of Article 87, paragraph (1);provided, however, that this does not apply to the order and amount of distribution if an agreement has been reached among all of the obligees and notification to that effect was submitted to the enforcement court or an agreement has been reached among all of the obligees on the distribution date.
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(2)When determining the order and amount of a distribution pursuant to the provisions of the main clause of the preceding paragraph, the enforcement court must make the determination in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Code, Commercial Code and any other Acts.
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(3)When the matters prescribed in the main clause of paragraph (1) (excluding the order and amount of the distribution, in the case prescribed in the proviso to that paragraph; the same applies in paragraph (1) of the following Article) have been determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), a court clerk must prepare an electronic distribution list (meaning an electronic or magnetic record prepared by the court clerk, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, by recording the matters set forth in the following paragraph to implement a distribution; the same applies hereinafter) pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(4)A statement of the amount of the proceeds of the sale and the content of the enforcement court's determination on the matters prescribed in the main clause of paragraph (1) (and, in a case as provided in the proviso to that paragraph, the content of the agreement on the order and amount of the distribution) must be recorded in an electronic distribution list.
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(異議申出期間の指定)
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(Designation of Period for Filing an Opposition)
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第八十五条の二執行裁判所は、前条第一項の規定により同項本文に規定する事項を定めたときは、第八十九条第一項の規定による異議の申出をすべき期間(以下「異議申出期間」という。)を指定しなければならない。
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Article 85-2(1)When an enforcement court determines the matters prescribed in the main clause of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph, the enforcement court must designate the period when oppositions under Article 89, paragraph (1) should be filed (hereinafter, referred to as the "opposition filing period").
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(2)When an enforcement court designates the opposition filing period under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the enforcement court must send the judicial decision designating the opposition filing period and the electronic distribution list prepared pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article (limited to an electronic distribution list that is recorded in a file pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5) of that Article; the same applies hereinafter, except for paragraph (4) of the following Article) on the obligees and obligor prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
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(配当期日)
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(Distribution Date)
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第八十五条の三執行裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、第八十九条第一項の規定による異議の申出をすべき期日(以下「配当期日」という。)を指定することができる。この場合には、前条第一項の規定にかかわらず、異議申出期間を指定することを要しない。
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Article 85-3(1)When an enforcement court finds it to be necessary, the enforcement court may designate a date when objections under the provisions of Article 89, paragraph (1) should be filed (hereinafter, referred to as the "distribution date"). In this case, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, it is not necessary for the enforcement court to designate an objection filing period.
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3第十六条第三項及び第四項の規定は、前項の債権者(同条第一項前段に規定する者を除く。)の呼出しに係る電子呼出状(第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第九十四条第一項第一号に規定する電子呼出状をいう。)の送達について準用する。
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(3)The provisions of Article 16, paragraphs (3) and (4) apply mutatis mutandis to service of electronic writs of summon (meaning the electronic writs of summon prescribed in Article 94, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Code of Civil Procedure applicable mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20) related to the summons of the obliges specified in the preceding paragraph (excluding the person prescribed in the first sentence of paragraph (1) of that Article).
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(4)When a distribution date is designated pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), determination of the matters prescribed in the main clause of Article 85, paragraph (1) under that paragraph, the notification specified in the proviso of that paragraph, and preparation of the electronic distribution list under the provisions of paragraphs (3) and (4) of that Article must be performed on the relevant distribution date.
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(5)On the distribution date, if the enforcement court finds it to be necessary for determining the matters prescribed in the main clause of Article 85, paragraph (1), it may interrogate the obligees and the obligor who appeared and immediately examine any documentary evidence that may be examined or the details of information recorded in electronic or magnetic records.
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(音声の送受信による通話の方法による配当期日)
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(Distribution Date Through Communication by Audio Transmission)
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第八十六条執行裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、執行裁判所並びに第八十五条第一項に規定する債権者及び債務者が音声の送受信により同時に通話をすることができる方法によつて、配当期日における手続を行うことができる。
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Article 86(1)If an enforcement court finds it to be reasonable, the enforcement court may perform procedures on a distribution date by a method of communication that enables the enforcement court and the obligees prescribed in Article 85, paragraph (1) and the obligor to simultaneously communicate with one another by audio transmission pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(売却代金)
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(Proceeds of the Sale)
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第八十六条の二売却代金は、次に掲げるものとする。
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Article 86-2(1)Proceeds of the sale are to consist of the following:
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一不動産の代金
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(i)the price of the immovable property;
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二第六十三条第二項第二号の規定により提供した保証のうち申出額から代金の額を控除した残額に相当するもの
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(ii)the portion of the guarantee that has been provided pursuant to the provisions of Article 63, paragraph (2), item (ii) that is equivalent to the amount that remains after deducting the price from the obligee's offered price; and
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三第八十条第一項後段の規定により買受人が返還を請求することができない保証
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(iii)the guarantee of which return may not be claimed by the purchaser pursuant to the provisions of the second sentence of Article 80, paragraph (1).
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(2)If immovable property has been sold in a package pursuant to the provisions of Article 61, if it is necessary to determine the amount of the proceeds of the sale for each piece of immovable property, the amount is the amount obtained by dividing the total amount of the proceeds of the sale proportionately according to the standard sales price of each piece of property. The same applies to the burden of enforcement costs for each piece of property.
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(配当等を受けるべき債権者の範囲)
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(Scope of Obligees Entitled to Receive a Distribution or Payment)
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第八十七条売却代金の配当等を受けるべき債権者は、次に掲げる者とする。
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Article 87(1)Obligees entitled to receive a distribution or payment from the proceeds of the sale are the following:
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一差押債権者(配当要求の終期までに強制競売又は一般の先取特権の実行としての競売の申立てをした差押債権者に限る。)
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(i)an attaching obligee (limited one that has filed a petition for a forced sale at auction or an auction to enforce a general statutory lien by the deadline to demand distribution);
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二配当要求の終期までに配当要求をした債権者
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(ii)obligees that have filed a demand for distribution by the deadline to demand distribution;
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三差押え(最初の強制競売の開始決定に係る差押えをいう。次号において同じ。)の登記前に登記された仮差押えの債権者
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(iii)the obligee in any provisional seizure that was registered prior to registration of the seizure (meaning the seizure resulting from the first order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings; the same applies in the following item); and
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四差押えの登記前に登記(民事保全法第五十三条第二項に規定する仮処分による仮登記を含む。)がされた先取特権(第一号又は第二号に掲げる債権者が有する一般の先取特権を除く。)、質権又は抵当権で売却により消滅するものを有する債権者(その抵当権に係る抵当証券の所持人を含む。)
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(iv)obligees holding any statutory lien (excluding general statutory liens held by the obligees set forth in item (i) or item (ii)), pledge or mortgage which was registered (including provisional registration based on the provisional disposition prescribed in Article 53, paragraph (2) of the Civil Preservation Act) prior to registration of the order of the seizure and are extinguishable through the sale (including the holder of mortgage securities connected to that mortgage).
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(2)If the right of the obligee set forth in item (iv) of the preceding paragraph has been registered after registration of a provisional seizure, that obligee may receive distribution or payment only when the obligee effecting a provisional seizure has been defeated in the suit on the merits or the provisional seizure has ceased to be effective.
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(3)If proceedings for a forced sale at auction involving a seizure have been stayed and a judicial decision to continue the proceedings has been issued under the provisions of Article 47, paragraph (6), and if the attaching obligee subject to the stay was defeated in a suit or other dispute connected with that stay, obligees holding any right prescribed in paragraph (1), item (iv) which was registered after registration of the seizure and prior to registration of a seizure connected with the judicial decision of continuation may receive distribution or payment.
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(期限付債権の配当等)
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(Distribution or Payment for Claims with Due Dates)
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第八十八条確定期限の到来していない債権は、配当等については、弁済期が到来したものとみなす。
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Article 88(1)A claim for which the fixed due date has yet to arrive is deemed to have become due as it concerns distribution or payment.
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(2)If the claim referred to in the preceding paragraph bears no interest, the amount of distribution or payment must be calculated with the amount of principal, which together with the interest for the period from the day of distribution or payment until the due date calculated based on the statutory interest rate as of the day of distribution or payment constitutes the amount of the claim, being deemed to be the amount of the claim.
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(配当異議の申出)
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(Filing of an Opposition to Distribution)
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第八十九条電子配当表に記録された各債権者の債権又は配当の額について不服のある債権者及び債務者は、異議の申出(以下「配当異議の申出」という。)をすることができる。
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Article 89(1)An obligee or obligor who is dissatisfied with any of the amounts of claim or distribution of the respective obligees recorded in the electronic distribution list may file an opposition (hereinafter referred to as "filing an opposition to distribution").
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(3)Filing of an opposition to distribution under the provisions of paragraph (1) must be made by means of a document within the opposition filing period designated pursuant to the provisions of Article 85-2, paragraph (1);provided, however, that if a distribution date is designated pursuant to the provisions of Article 85-3, paragraph (1), filing of an opposition to distribution must be made either by means of a document or orally on the relevant distribution date.
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(配当異議の訴え等)
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(Action to Oppose Distribution)
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第九十条配当異議の申出をした債権者及び執行力のある債務名義の正本を有しない債権者に対し配当異議の申出をした債務者は、配当異議の訴えを提起しなければならない。
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Article 90(1)An obligee who has filed an opposition to distribution or an obligor who has filed an opposition to distribution against an obligee who does not have an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation must file an action to oppose distribution.
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(5)An obligor who has filed an opposition to distribution against an obligee who has an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation must file an action to dispute a claim or the action referred to in Article 117, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure.
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(6)The filing of an opposition to distribution is deemed to have been withdrawn if the obligee or the obligor who has filed it fails to prove to the enforcement court that they have filed the action referred to in paragraph (1) or fails to prove that they have filed the action referred to in the preceding paragraph and submit an authenticated copy or certificate of recorded information of a judicial decision to stay enforcement in connection with action to the enforcement court within one week (or, if the purchaser is to pay money pursuant to the provisions of Article 78, paragraph (5), within two weeks) from the expiration date of the opposition filing period or the distribution date (or, for the filing of an opposition to distribution against an unknown holder of mortgage securities, the day on which that holder became known).
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(配当等の額の供託)
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(Statutory Deposit in the Amount of Distribution or Payment)
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第九十一条配当等を受けるべき債権者の債権について次に掲げる事由があるときは、裁判所書記官は、その配当等の額に相当する金銭を供託しなければならない。
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Article 91(1)If any of the following grounds exist for the claim of an obligee who is to receive distribution or payment, the court clerk must make a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the amount of the distribution or payment:
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一停止条件付又は不確定期限付であるとき。
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(i)if the claim is one subject to a condition precedent or one with an uncertain due date;
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二仮差押債権者の債権であるとき。
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(ii)if the claim is one held by the obligee effecting a provisional seizure;
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三第三十九条第一項第七号又は第百八十三条第一項第二号ホに掲げる文書が提出されているとき。
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(iii)if the document set forth in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (vii) or Article 183, paragraph (1), item (ii), sub-item (e) has been submitted;
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四その債権に係る先取特権、質権又は抵当権(以下この項において「先取特権等」という。)の実行を一時禁止する裁判の正本又は記録事項証明書が提出されているとき。
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(iv)if an authenticated copy or certificate of recorded information of a judicial decision temporarily prohibiting the enforcement of the statutory lien, pledge, or mortgage (hereinafter referred to as a "prescribed charge") under the claim has been submitted;
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五その債権に係る先取特権等につき仮登記又は民事保全法第五十三条第二項に規定する仮処分による仮登記がされたものであるとき。
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(v)if provisional registration or provisional registration based on a provisional disposition under the provisions of Article 53, paragraph (2) of the Civil Preservation Act has been made for the prescribed charge under the claim;
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六仮差押え又は執行停止に係る差押えの登記後に登記された先取特権等があるため配当額が定まらないとき。
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(vi)if the amount for distribution is not fixed due to the existence of a prescribed charge that was registered after the registration of a provisional seizure or a seizure subject to a stay; or
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七配当異議の訴えが提起されたとき。
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(vii)if an action to oppose distribution has been filed.
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(権利確定等に伴う配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Distribution or Payment when Rights Become Final and Binding)
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第九十二条前条第一項の規定による供託がされた場合において、その供託の事由が消滅したときは、執行裁判所は、供託金について配当等を実施しなければならない。
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Article 92(1)If a statutory deposit has been made under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, and the grounds for that statutory deposit have extinguished, the enforcement court must implement distribution or payment of the deposit money.
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(2)If distribution is to be implemented pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and it is no longer possible to implement distribution to any obligee connected with the statutory deposit based on the grounds set forth in paragraph (1), items (i) through (v) of the preceding Article or any obligee effecting a provisional seizure or any attaching obligee subject to a stay of enforcement related to a statutory deposit based on the grounds set forth in item (vi) of the paragraph, or where an obligee connected with the statutory deposit based on the grounds set forth in item (vii) of that paragraph has been defeated in an action to oppose distribution filed by the obligor, the enforcement court must also change the electronic distribution list for obligees who did not file an opposition to distribution.
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(3)If a statutory deposit is made under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article and the grounds for that statutory deposit have been extinguished, an obligee connected with that statutory deposit (when a statutory deposit is made for the reasons provided in item (vi) of that paragraph, an obligee effecting a provisional seizure or obligee effecting a seizure subject to a stay of enforcement; the same applies hereinafter in this Article) must immediately notify the enforcement court to that effect.
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(4)If a statutory deposit is made under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article and two years have elapsed from the day when the statutory deposit was made (when notification is provided stating that the grounds for the statutory deposit have not been extinguished pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph, then the day that the last notification is provided) without the provision of the notification under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the enforcement court must notify obligees connected with the statutory deposit to the effect that if the grounds for the statutory deposit have been extinguished, they should provide notification to that effect under the provisions of that paragraph and if the grounds for the statutory deposit have not been extinguished, they should provide notification to that effect.
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(5)If an obligee connected to a statutory deposit who received notification under the provisions of the preceding paragraph does not provide notification under the provisions of paragraph (3) or does not provide notification stating that the grounds for the statutory deposit have not been extinguished under the provisions of the preceding paragraph within two weeks from the day that the notification was received, the enforcement court may make a decision that a distribution or payment is implemented in relation to the statutory deposit pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) without the obligee connected to the statutory deposit excluded.
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(6)A decision specified in the preceding paragraph becomes effective on the day when an unextendible period of one week elapses from the day that the obligee connected to the relevant statutory deposit received the notification;provided, however, that this does not apply when the obligee connected to the relevant statutory deposit submits notification under the provisions of paragraph (3) or notification that the grounds for the statutory deposit have not been extinguished under the provisions of paragraph (4) before the unextendible period elapses.
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(7)When an obligee connected to a statutory deposit provides notification to the enforcement court stating that the grounds for the statutory deposit have not been extinguished before the period prescribed in paragraph (4) elapses, notification stating that the grounds for the statutory deposit have not been extinguished is deemed to have been received under the provisions of that paragraph with regard to application of the provisions of that paragraph.
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第三目 強制管理
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Division 3 Forced Administration
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(開始決定等)
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(Commencement Order)
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第九十三条執行裁判所は、強制管理の手続を開始するには、強制管理の開始決定をし、その開始決定において、債権者のために不動産を差し押さえる旨を宣言し、かつ、債務者に対し収益の処分を禁止し、及び債務者が賃貸料の請求権その他の当該不動産の収益に係る給付を求める権利(以下「給付請求権」という。)を有するときは、債務者に対して当該給付をする義務を負う者(以下「給付義務者」という。)に対しその給付の目的物を管理人に交付すべき旨を命じなければならない。
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Article 93(1)An enforcement court must, in order to commence a forced administration procedure, issue a commencement order for forced administration, and, in this commencement order, declare that immovable property be seized for the obligee and prohibit the obligor from disposing earnings and, if the obligor has a claim for a rent or any other right to seek delivery related to earnings from the immovable property (hereinafter referred to as a "delivery claim"), order the person who has the obligation to make that delivery to the obligor (hereinafter referred to as the "person obligated to deliver") to deliver the subject matter of the delivery to the administrator.
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(二重開始決定)
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(Overlapped Commencement Order)
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第九十三条の二既に強制管理の開始決定がされ、又は第百八十条第二号に規定する担保不動産収益執行の開始決定がされた不動産について強制管理の申立てがあつたときは、執行裁判所は、更に強制管理の開始決定をするものとする。
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Article 93-2If a commencement order for a forced administration has already been issued, or if a petition for a forced administration was filed for immovable property for which a commencement order for enforcement against earnings from secured immovable property has been issued under the provisions of Article 180, item (ii), the enforcement court is to issue another commencement order for forced administration.
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(給付義務者に対する競合する債権差押命令等の陳述の催告)
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(Demand for the Person Obligated to Deliver to State the Presence of any Conflicting Order of Seizure of Claims)
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第九十三条の三裁判所書記官は、給付義務者に強制管理の開始決定を送達するに際し、当該給付義務者に対し、開始決定の送達の日から二週間以内に給付請求権に対する差押命令又は差押処分の存否その他の最高裁判所規則で定める事項について陳述すべき旨を催告しなければならない。この場合においては、第百四十七条第二項の規定を準用する。
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Article 93-3A court clerk must, upon servicing a commencement order for forced administration upon a person obligated to deliver, make a demand to the person obligated to deliver to state the presence or absence of any order of seizure or disposition of seizure against the delivery claim and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court within two weeks from the day of service of the commencement order.In this case, the provisions of Article 147, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis.
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(給付請求権に対する競合する債権差押命令等の効力の停止等)
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(Suspension of the Effects of a Conflicting Order of Seizure of Claims on the Delivery Claim)
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第九十三条の四第九十三条第四項の規定により強制管理の開始決定の効力が給付義務者に対して生じたときは、給付請求権に対する差押命令又は差押処分であつて既に効力が生じていたものは、その効力を停止する。ただし、強制管理の開始決定の給付義務者に対する効力の発生が第百六十五条各号(第百六十七条の十四第一項において第百六十五条各号(第三号及び第四号を除く。)の規定を準用する場合及び第百九十三条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)に掲げる時後であるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 93-4(1)When a commencement order for forced administration has become effective against a person obligated to deliver pursuant to the provisions of Article 93, paragraph (4), the effects of any order of seizure or disposition of seizure against the delivery claim, which was already effective, are suspended;provided, however, that this not applies to cases where the commencement order for forced administration becomes effective against the person obligated to deliver after the times set forth in the items of Article 165 (including the cases where the provisions of the items of Article 165 (excluding item (iii) and item (iv)) are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 167-14, paragraph (1) and the cases where they are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 193, paragraph (2)).
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(3)The obligee in the order of seizure or disposition of seizure referred to in paragraph (1), an obligee who made a demand for distribution in the procedure of enforcement against a claim (meaning the enforcement against a claim prescribed in Article 143) or enforcement against a claim arising from a small claims action (meaning enforcement against a claim arising from a small claims action as prescribed in Article 167-2, paragraph (2)) by the time of suspension of the effects of the order of seizure or disposition of seizure referred to in paragraph (1), and the obligee in the order of provisional seizure referred to in the preceding paragraph may receive distribution or payment in the forced administration procedure referred to in the preceding two paragraphs, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 107, paragraph (4).
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(管理人の選任)
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(Appointment of an Administrator)
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第九十四条執行裁判所は、強制管理の開始決定と同時に、管理人を選任しなければならない。
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Article 94(1)An enforcement court must appoint an administrator simultaneously with the issuance of a commencement order for forced administration.
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(2)A trust company (meaning a person who obtained the license referred to in Article 3 or Article 53, paragraph (1) of the Trust Business Act (Act No. 154 of 2004)), a bank, or any other corporation may become an administrator.
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(管理人の権限)
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(Authority of an Administrator)
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第九十五条管理人は、強制管理の開始決定がされた不動産について、管理並びに収益の収取及び換価をすることができる。
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Article 95(1)An administrator may conduct administration, collect earnings and conduct a realization with regard to the immovable property for which a commencement order for forced administration has been issued.
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(2)An administrator must, in order to lease immovable property beyond the period specified in Article 602 of the Civil Code, obtain the consent of the obligor.
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(強制管理のための不動産の占有等)
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(Possession of Immovable Property for a Forced Administration)
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第九十六条管理人は、不動産について、債務者の占有を解いて自らこれを占有することができる。
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Article 96(1)An administrator may remove immovable property from the obligor's possession and take possession of it.
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(建物使用の許可)
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(Permission to Use a Building)
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第九十七条債務者の居住する建物について強制管理の開始決定がされた場合において、債務者が他に居住すべき場所を得ることができないときは、執行裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者及びその者と生計を一にする同居の親族(婚姻又は縁組の届出をしていないが債務者と事実上夫婦又は養親子と同様の関係にある者を含む。以下「債務者等」という。)の居住に必要な限度において、期間を定めて、その建物の使用を許可することができる。
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Article 97(1)If a commencement order for forced administration has been issued for a building in which the obligor resides and the obligor is unable to find another place to reside, the enforcement court, upon petition, may permit use of the building to the extent necessary for the obligor and any cohabiting relatives whose living expenses are paid from the same resources as the obligor (including a person whose relationship with the obligor is, de facto, that of husband and wife or adoptive parent and adopted child, even though they have not registered a marriage or adoption; hereinafter referred to as the "obligor's household") to reside in it for a period it has specified.
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(収益等の分与)
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(Giving a Portion of the Earnings)
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第九十八条強制管理により債務者の生活が著しく困窮することとなるときは、執行裁判所は、申立てにより、管理人に対し、収益又はその換価代金からその困窮の程度に応じ必要な金銭又は収益を債務者に分与すべき旨を命ずることができる。
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Article 98(1)If the obligor would fall into extreme poverty through forced administration, the enforcement court may, upon petition, order the administrator to give the obligor the necessary money or earnings, depending on the extent of their poverty, from the earnings or the realization price.
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(2)The provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and the provisions of paragraph (3) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis to an order based on the petition referred to in the preceding paragraph or the petition referred to in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph.
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(管理人の監督)
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(Supervision of an Administrator)
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第九十九条管理人は、執行裁判所が監督する。
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Article 99An administrator is supervised by the enforcement court.
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(管理人の注意義務)
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(Duty of Care of an Administrator)
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第百条管理人は、善良な管理者の注意をもつてその職務を行わなければならない。
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Article 100(1)An administrator must perform their duties with due care of a prudent manager.
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(管理人の報酬等)
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(Remuneration for an Administrator)
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第百一条管理人は、強制管理のため必要な費用の前払及び執行裁判所の定める報酬を受けることができる。
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Article 101(1)An administrator may receive advance payments of expenses necessary for forced administration as well as a remuneration determined by the enforcement court.
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(管理人の解任)
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(Dismissal of an Administrator)
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第百二条重要な事由があるときは、執行裁判所は、利害関係を有する者の申立てにより、又は職権で、管理人を解任することができる。この場合においては、その管理人を審尋しなければならない。
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Article 102The enforcement court may, upon petition by a person having an interest or by its own authority, dismiss an administrator if there are material grounds to do so.In this case, the enforcement court must interrogate the administrator.
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(計算の報告義務)
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(Duty to Make a Report of Account)
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第百三条管理人の任務が終了した場合においては、管理人又はその承継人は、遅滞なく、執行裁判所に計算の報告をしなければならない。
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Article 103An administrator must, upon the termination of the administrator's office, make a report of account to the enforcement court without delay.
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(強制管理の停止)
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(Stay of Forced Administration)
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第百四条第三十九条第一項第七号又は第八号に掲げる文書又は電磁的記録の提出があつた場合においては、強制管理は、配当等の手続を除き、その時の態様で継続することができる。この場合においては、管理人は、配当等に充てるべき金銭を供託し、その事情を執行裁判所に届け出なければならない。
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Article 104(1)If the document or electronic or magnetic record set forth in Article 39, paragraph (1), item(vii) or (viii) has been submitted, forced administration may be continued with the same conditions as at the time of the submission, except for the procedure of distribution or payment.In this case, the administrator must make a statutory deposit of the money to be allotted to the distribution or payment and notify the enforcement court of the circumstances.
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(2)When it is possible to fully perform the claims and enforcement costs of the respective obligees with the amount of money deposited pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the enforcement court must cancel the forced administration procedure, except for the procedure of distribution or payment
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(配当要求)
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(Demand for Distribution)
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第百五条執行力のある債務名義の正本を有する債権者、登記(仮登記を除く。)がされた一般の先取特権を有する債権者及び第百八十一条第一項第二号に掲げる文書又は電磁的記録により一般の先取特権を有することを証明した債権者は、執行裁判所に対し、配当要求をすることができる。
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Article 105(1)An obligee having an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation, an obligee who has a registered (excluding provisional registration) general statutory lien, and an obligee who has proved that the obligee has a general statutory lien based on any of the documents or electronic or magnetic records set forth in Article 181, paragraph (1), item (ii) may make a demand for distribution to the enforcement court.
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(配当等に充てるべき金銭等)
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(Money to Be Allocated to Distribution or Payment)
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第百六条配当等に充てるべき金銭は、第九十八条第一項の規定による分与をした後の収益又はその換価代金から、不動産に対して課される租税その他の公課及び管理人の報酬その他の必要な費用を控除したものとする。
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Article 106(1)The amount of money to be allocated to distribution or payment is that obtained by deducting the tax or public charges imposed on the immovable property, the remuneration for the administrator and any other necessary expenses from the earnings or the realization price remaining after giving any portion thereof under the provisions of Article 98, paragraph (1).
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(管理人による配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Distribution or Payment by an Administrator)
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第百七条管理人は、前条第一項に規定する費用を支払い、執行裁判所の定める期間ごとに、配当等に充てるべき金銭の額を計算して、配当等を実施しなければならない。
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Article 107(1)An administrator must pay expenses under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, calculate the amount of money to be allotted to distribution or payment for each period specified by the enforcement court, and implement the distribution or payment.
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(2)If there is only one obligee or if there are two or more obligees and it is possible to fully perform the claims and enforcement costs of the respective obligees with the money to be allotted to distribution or payment, the administrator delivers payment money to the obligee and delivers any surplus to the obligor.
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一差押債権者のうち次のイからハまでのいずれかに該当するもの
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(i)the attaching obligee who falls under any of (a) through (c) below:
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イ第一項の期間の満了までに強制管理の申立てをしたもの
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(a)an obligee who has filed a petition for forced administration by the time of expiration of the period referred to in paragraph (1);
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ロ第一項の期間の満了までに一般の先取特権の実行として第百八十条第二号に規定する担保不動産収益執行の申立てをしたもの
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(b)an obligee who has filed a petition for the enforcement against earnings from secured immovable property prescribed in Article 180, item (ii) for exercise of a general statutory lien by the time of expiration of the period referred to in paragraph (1);
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ハ第一項の期間の満了までに第百八十条第二号に規定する担保不動産収益執行の申立てをしたもの(ロに掲げるものを除く。)であつて、当該申立てが最初の強制管理の開始決定に係る差押えの登記前に登記(民事保全法第五十三条第二項に規定する保全仮登記を含む。)がされた担保権に基づくもの
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(c)an obligee who has filed a petition for the enforcement against earnings from secured immovable property prescribed in Article 180, item (ii) by the time of expiration of the period referred to in paragraph (1) (excluding the obligee set forth in (b) above) where that petition is based on a security interest that has been registered (including provisional registration for preservation prescribed in Article 53, paragraph (2) of the Civil Preservation Act) prior to registration of the seizure involving in the first commencement order for forced administration;
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二仮差押債権者(第一項の期間の満了までに、強制管理の方法による仮差押えの執行の申立てをしたものに限る。)
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(ii)the obligee effecting a provisional seizure (limited to an obligee who has filed a petition to effect a provisional seizure through forced administration by the time of expiration of the period referred to in paragraph (1)); and
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三第一項の期間の満了までに配当要求をした債権者
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(iii)obligees who made a demand for distribution by the time of expiration of the period referred to in paragraph (1).
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(管理人による配当等の額の供託)
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(Statutory Deposit in the Amount of Distribution or Payment by an Administrator)
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第百八条配当等を受けるべき債権者の債権について第九十一条第一項各号(第七号を除く。)に掲げる事由があるときは、管理人は、その配当等の額に相当する金銭を供託し、その事情を執行裁判所に届け出なければならない。債権者が配当等の受領のために出頭しなかつたときも、同様とする。
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Article 108If any of the grounds set forth in the items of Article 91, paragraph (1) (excluding item (vii)) exist for the claim of an obligee who is to receive distribution or payment, the administrator must make a statutory deposit of the money equivalent to the amount of the distribution or payment and notify the enforcement court of the circumstances. The same applies when an obligee has failed to appear to the enforcement court to receive distribution or payment
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(執行裁判所による配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Distribution or Payment by an Enforcement Court)
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第百九条執行裁判所は、第百七条第五項の規定による届出があつた場合には直ちに、第百四条第一項又は前条の規定による届出があつた場合には供託の事由が消滅したときに、配当等の手続を実施しなければならない。
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Article 109An enforcement court must implement the procedure of distribution or payment, immediately if notification has been given under the provisions of Article 107, paragraph (5) and at the time when the grounds for statutory deposit were extinguished if notification has been given under the provisions of Article 104, paragraph (1) or the preceding Article.
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(弁済による強制管理の手続の取消し)
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(Cancellation of a Forced Administration Procedure Through Performance)
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第百十条各債権者が配当等によりその債権及び執行費用の全部の弁済を受けたときは、執行裁判所は、強制管理の手続を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 110When the respective obligees have received full performance of their claims and enforcement costs through distribution or payment, the enforcement court must cancel the forced administration procedure.
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(強制競売の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions on Forced Sale at Auctions)
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第百十一条第四十六条第一項、第四十七条第二項、第六項本文及び第七項、第四十八条、第五十三条、第五十四条、第八十四条第四項及び第五項、第八十七条第二項及び第三項並びに第八十八条の規定は強制管理について、第八十四条第一項から第三項まで、第八十五条から第八十六条まで及び第八十九条から第九十二条までの規定は第百九条の規定により執行裁判所が実施する配当等の手続について準用する。この場合において、第八十四条第四項及び第五項中「代金の納付後」とあるのは、「第百七条第一項の期間の経過後」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 111The provisions of Article 46, paragraph (1), Article 47 , paragraph (2), the main clause of Article 47, paragraph (6), Article 47, paragraph (7), Article 48, Article 53, Article 54, Article 84, paragraphs (4) and (5), Article 87 , paragraphs (2) and (3) and Article 88 apply mutatis mutandis to forced administration, and the provisions of Article 84, paragraphs (1) through (3), Article 85 through 86, and Articles 89 through 92 apply mutatis mutandis to the procedure of distribution or payment implemented by the enforcement court pursuant to the provisions of Article 109.In this case, the phrase "after the payment of the price" in Article 84, paragraphs (4) and (5) is deemed to be replaced with "after the passage of the period referred to in Article 107, paragraph (1)."
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第二款 船舶に対する強制執行
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Subsection 2 Judicial Enforcement Against a Vessel
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(船舶執行の方法)
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(How Enforcement Against a Vessel Is Carried Out)
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第百十二条総トン数二十トン以上の船舶(端舟その他ろかい又は主としてろかいをもつて運転する舟を除く。以下この節及び次章において「船舶」という。)に対する強制執行(以下「船舶執行」という。)は、強制競売の方法により行う。
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Article 112Judicial enforcement against a vessel of not less than twenty tons gross (excluding a tender boat or any other boat that uses solely or mainly oars or paddles for propulsion; hereinafter referred to as a "vessel" in this Section and the following Chapter) (hereinafter referred to as "enforcement against a vessel") is carried out by means of a forced sale at auction.
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(執行裁判所)
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(Enforcement Court)
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第百十三条船舶執行については、強制競売の開始決定の時の船舶の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が、執行裁判所として管轄する。
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Article 113The district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the vessel at the time of issuance of an order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings has jurisdiction over enforcement against a vessel as the enforcement court.
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(開始決定等)
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(Commencement Order)
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第百十四条執行裁判所は、強制競売の手続を開始するには、強制競売の開始決定をし、かつ、執行官に対し、船舶の国籍を証する文書その他の船舶の航行のために必要な文書(以下「船舶国籍証書等」という。)を取り上げて執行裁判所に提出すべきことを命じなければならない。ただし、その開始決定前にされた開始決定により船舶国籍証書等が取り上げられているときは、執行官に対する命令を要しない。
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Article 114(1)In order to commence proceedings for a forced sale at auction, the enforcement court must issue an order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings, and order a court enforcement officer to confiscate the document proving the nationality of the vessel and any other documents needed for the vessel to sail (hereinafter referred to as the "ship's papers") and to submit them to the enforcement court; provided, however, that the order to a court enforcement officer is not necessary if the ship's papers have already been confiscated based on a commencement order issued prior to that commencement order.
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(船舶執行の申立て前の船舶国籍証書等の引渡命令)
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(Order to Deliver the Ship's Papers Prior to the Filing of a Petition for Enforcement Against a Vessel)
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第百十五条船舶執行の申立て前に船舶国籍証書等を取り上げなければ船舶執行が著しく困難となるおそれがあるときは、その船舶の船籍の所在地(船籍のない船舶にあつては、最高裁判所の指定する地)を管轄する地方裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者に対し、船舶国籍証書等を執行官に引き渡すべき旨を命ずることができる。急迫の事情があるときは、船舶の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所も、この命令を発することができる。
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Article 115(1)If it is likely that enforcement against a vessel will become extremely difficult unless the ship's papers are confiscated prior to the filing of a petition for enforcement against the vessel, the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the vessel's registry (or, for a vessel without registry, the place designated by the Supreme Court) may, upon petition, order the obligor to deliver the ship's papers to a court enforcement officer. If there are pressing circumstances, the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the vessel may also issue this order.
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(4)A court enforcement officer must, when the obligee fails to submit a document or electronic or magnetic record proving that the obligee has filed a petition for enforcement against a vessel within five days from the day on which the court enforcement officer received delivery of the ship's papers, return the ship's papers to the obligor.
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(保管人の選任等)
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(Appointment of a Custodian)
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第百十六条執行裁判所は、差押債権者の申立てにより、必要があると認めるときは、強制競売の開始決定がされた船舶について保管人を選任することができる。
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Article 116(1)Upon petition by the attaching obligee, an enforcement court may, if the court finds it to be necessary, appoint a custodian for the vessel for which an order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings has been issued.
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(保証の提供による強制競売の手続の取消し)
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(Cancellation of Proceedings for a Forced Sale at Auction Based on Provision of a Guarantee)
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第百十七条差押債権者の債権について、第三十九条第一項第七号又は第八号に掲げる文書又は電磁的記録が提出されている場合において、債務者が差押債権者及び保証の提供の時(配当要求の終期後にあつては、その終期)までに配当要求をした債権者の債権及び執行費用の総額に相当する保証を買受けの申出前に提供したときは、執行裁判所は、申立てにより、配当等の手続を除き、強制競売の手続を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 117(1)If the document or electronic or magnetic record set forth in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (vii) or (viii) has been submitted with regard to the claim of an attaching obligee, and if, prior to any purchase offer, the obligor provides a guarantee equivalent to the total amount of the claims and enforcement costs of the attaching obligee and any obligees that have filed a demand for distribution by the time the obligor provides the guarantee (or by the deadline to demand distribution, if the obligor is providing the guarantee after that deadline), the enforcement court, upon petition, must cancel the proceedings for the forced sale at auction, other than proceedings for distribution or payment.
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(2)If a stay of based on submission of the document or electronic or magnetic record prescribed in the preceding paragraph has ceased to be effective, the enforcement court must implement distribution or payment of the guarantee that has been provided pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph to the obligees referred to in that paragraph.In this case, the enforcement court may reclaim any securities that have been deposited as provision of a guarantee.
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(5)The provisions of Article 15 apply mutatis mutandis to the provision of the guarantee referred to in paragraph (1) and the provisions of Article 78, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to a realization if the guarantee referred to in paragraph (1) has been provided by a method other than a statutory deposit of money.
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(航行許可)
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(Permission for Navigation)
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第百十八条執行裁判所は、営業上の必要その他相当の事由があると認める場合において、各債権者並びに最高価買受申出人又は買受人及び次順位買受申出人の同意があるときは、債務者の申立てにより、船舶の航行を許可することができる。
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Article 118(1)If an enforcement court finds that there is a necessity in terms of business or there are other reasonable grounds, if there is the consent of the respective obligees and the highest bidder or the purchaser and the next-highest bidder, the enforcement court may permit navigation of the vessel on petition by the obligor.
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(事件の移送)
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(Transfer of a Case)
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第百十九条執行裁判所は、強制競売の開始決定がされた船舶が管轄区域外の地に所在することとなつた場合には、船舶の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に事件を移送することができる。
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Article 119(1)An enforcement court may, if the vessel for which an order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings has been issued is relocated to a place outside its jurisdictional district, transfer the case to the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the vessel.
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(船舶国籍証書等の取上げができない場合の強制競売の手続の取消し)
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(Cancellation of Proceedings for a Forced Sale at Auction If Confiscation of a Ship's Papers Is Not Possible)
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第百二十条執行官が強制競売の開始決定の発せられた日から二週間以内に船舶国籍証書等を取り上げることができないときは、執行裁判所は、強制競売の手続を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 120If a court enforcement officer is unable to confiscate a ship's papers within two weeks from the day on which an order commencing forced-sale-at-auction proceedings is issued, the enforcement court must cancel the proceedings for the forced sale at auction.
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(不動産に対する強制競売の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions on the Forced Sale at Auction of Immovable Property)
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第百二十一条前款第二目(第四十五条第一項、第四十六条第二項、第四十八条、第五十四条、第五十五条第一項第二号、第五十六条、第六十四条の二、第六十五条の二、第六十八条の四、第七十一条第五号、第八十一条及び第八十二条を除く。)の規定は船舶執行について、第四十八条、第五十四条及び第八十二条の規定は船舶法(明治三十二年法律第四十六号)第一条に規定する日本船舶に対する強制執行について、それぞれ準用する。この場合において、第五十一条第一項中「第百八十一条第一項第二号に掲げる文書」とあるのは「文書」と、「により一般の先取特権」とあるのは「により先取特権」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 121The provisions of Division 2 of the preceding Subsection (excluding Article 45, paragraph (1), Article 46, paragraph (2), Article 48, Article 54, Article 55, paragraph (1), item (ii), Article 56, Article 64-2, Article 65-2, Article 68-4, Article 71, item (v), Article 81 and Article 82) apply mutatis mutandis to enforcement against a vessel, and the provisions of Article 48, Article 54 and Article 82 applies mutatis mutandis to judicial enforcement against the Japanese vessel prescribed in Article 1 of the Ships Act (Act No. 46 of 1899) respectively.In this case, the phrase "the document set forth in Article 181, paragraph (1), item (ii)" in Article 51, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "the document", and the phrase "a general statutory lien based on" is deemed to be replaced with "a statutory lien based on".
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第三款 動産に対する強制執行
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Subsection 3 Judicial Enforcement Against Movables
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(動産執行の開始等)
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(Commencement of Enforcement Against Movables)
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第百二十二条動産(登記することができない土地の定着物、土地から分離する前の天然果実で一月以内に収穫することが確実であるもの及び裏書の禁止されている有価証券以外の有価証券を含む。以下この節、次章及び第四章において同じ。)に対する強制執行(以下「動産執行」という。)は、執行官の目的物に対する差押えにより開始する。
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Article 122(1)Judicial enforcement against movables (including any fixtures on land that are not registrable, natural fruits prior to being separated from land which are to be harvested within one month for certain, and securities other than those forbidden to be endorsed; hereinafter the same applies in this Section, the following Chapter and Chapter IV) (hereinafter referred to as "enforcement against movables") is commenced through a seizure of the subject matter by a court enforcement officer.
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(債務者の占有する動産の差押え)
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(Seizure of Movables Possessed by the Obligor)
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第百二十三条債務者の占有する動産の差押えは、執行官がその動産を占有して行う。
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Article 123(1)Movable property possessed by the obligor is seized by way of a court enforcement officer taking possession of the movables.
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(2)When carrying out the seizure referred to in the preceding paragraph, a court enforcement officer may enter the residence of the obligor or any other place possessed by the obligor, and search the subject matter at the relevant place or in a safe or any other containers possessed by the obligor.In this case, if it is necessary, a court enforcement officer may take a necessary measure to open a closed door, safe and any other containers.
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(3)A court enforcement officer may, if the officer finds it to be reasonable, have the obligor retain the seized movables (hereinafter referred to as the "seized property").In this case, the seizure is effective only when an indication of the seizure is made with regard to the seized property through sealing or any other method.
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(債務者以外の者の占有する動産の差押え)
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(Seizure of Movables Possessed by a Person Other than the Obligor)
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第百二十四条前条第一項及び第三項から第五項までの規定は、債権者又は提出を拒まない第三者の占有する動産の差押えについて準用する。
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Article 124The provisions of paragraph (1) and paragraphs (3) through (5) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to a seizure of movables possessed by an obligee or a third party who does not refuse to submit it.
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(二重差押えの禁止及び事件の併合)
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(Prohibition of an Overlapped Seizure and Consolidation of Cases)
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第百二十五条執行官は、差押物又は仮差押えの執行をした動産を更に差し押さえることができない。
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Article 125(1)A court enforcement officer may not carry out another seizure of seized property or movables for which a provisional seizure has been effected.
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(2)If another petition for enforcement against movables is filed against an obligor against whom a seizure has already been effected in the location in question, the court enforcement officer must seize any movables that have yet to be seized if there are any, and if there are no movables to be seized, the officer make this clear and consolidate the instant case of enforcement against movables with the earlier case of enforcement against movables. The same applies if another petition for enforcement against movables is filed against an obligor against whom a provisional seizure has already been effected in the location in question.
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(3)When two cases of enforcement against movables have been consolidated pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of the preceding paragraph, the movables that were seized in the later case are deemed to have been seized in the earlier case at the time of the consolidation, and the petition for the later case becomes effective as a demand for distribution. If the earlier attaching obligee has withdrawn the petition for enforcement against movables or the procedure related to the petition has been stayed or revoked, the movables seized in the earlier case are deemed to have been seized for the later case at the time of the consolidation.
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(4)If a case involving a provisional seizure and a case involving enforcement against movables are consolidated pursuant to the provisions of the second sentence of paragraph (2), the movables against which the provisional seizure was effected are deemed to have been seized in the case involving enforcement against movables at the time of the consolidation, and the petition in the case involving the provisional seizure becomes effective as a demand for distribution. If the attaching obligee has withdrawn the petition for enforcement against movables or the procedure initiated by the petition has been canceled, the movables seized in the case of the enforcement against movables are deemed to have undergone a provisional seizure in the case involving the provisional seizure at the time of the consolidation.
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(差押えの効力が及ぶ範囲)
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(Scope of Effects of a Seizure)
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第百二十六条差押えの効力は、差押物から生ずる天然の産出物に及ぶ。
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Article 126Effects of a seizure extend to natural products arising from the seized property.
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(差押物の引渡命令)
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(Order to Deliver the Seized Property)
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第百二十七条差押物を第三者が占有することとなつたときは、執行裁判所は、差押債権者の申立てにより、その第三者に対し、差押物を執行官に引き渡すべき旨を命ずることができる。
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Article 127(1)When a third party has taken possession of seized property, the enforcement court may, upon petition by the attaching obligee, order the relevant third party to deliver the seized property to a court enforcement officer.
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(超過差押えの禁止等)
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(Prohibition of an Excessive Seizure)
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第百二十八条動産の差押えは、差押債権者の債権及び執行費用の弁済に必要な限度を超えてはならない。
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Article 128(1)Movable property must not be seized beyond the extent necessary for the performance of the claim and enforcement costs of the attaching obligee.
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(剰余を生ずる見込みのない場合の差押えの禁止等)
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(Prohibition of a Seizure if Surplus Is Not Expected)
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第百二十九条差し押さえるべき動産の売得金の額が手続費用の額を超える見込みがないときは、執行官は、差押えをしてはならない。
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Article 129(1)When the amount of proceeds from the movables to be seized is not expected to exceed the amount of the procedural expenses, a court enforcement officer must not carry out the seizure.
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(売却の見込みのない差押物の差押えの取消し)
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(Voidance of a Seizure of Seized Property that Is Unlikely to Be Sold)
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第百三十条差押物について相当な方法による売却の実施をしてもなお売却の見込みがないときは、執行官は、その差押物の差押えを取り消すことができる。
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Article 130If seized property is not expected to be sold even after implementing a sale by a reasonable method, a court enforcement officer may void the seizure of that seized property.
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(差押禁止動産)
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(Seizure-Prohibited Movables)
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第百三十一条次に掲げる動産は、差し押さえてはならない。
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Article 131The following movables must not be seized:
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一債務者等の生活に欠くことができない衣服、寝具、家具、台所用具、畳及び建具
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(i)clothes, bedclothes, furniture, kitchen utensils, tatami mats and fittings that are essential to the daily life of the obligor's household;
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二債務者等の一月間の生活に必要な食料及び燃料
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(ii)the food and fuel that the obligor's household needs for one month of daily life;
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三標準的な世帯の二月間の必要生計費を勘案して政令で定める額の金銭
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(iii)money in the amount specified by a Cabinet Order taking into account an average household's necessary living expenses for two months;
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四主として自己の労力により農業を営む者の農業に欠くことができない器具、肥料、労役の用に供する家畜及びその飼料並びに次の収穫まで農業を続行するために欠くことができない種子その他これに類する農産物
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(iv)equipment, fertilizers, work animals and their feeds that are indispensable for agriculture as well as seeds and any similar agricultural products that are indispensable for continuing agriculture until the next harvest conducted by a person who engages in agriculture mainly through their own labor;
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五主として自己の労力により漁業を営む者の水産物の採捕又は養殖に欠くことができない漁網その他の漁具、えさ及び稚魚その他これに類する水産物
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(v)fish nets and any other fishing equipment, baits, juvenile fish and any similar fishery products that are indispensable for catching or farming fishery products of a person who engages in fisheries mainly through their own labor;
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六技術者、職人、労務者その他の主として自己の知的又は肉体的な労働により職業又は営業に従事する者(前二号に規定する者を除く。)のその業務に欠くことができない器具その他の物(商品を除く。)
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(vi)equipment or any other objects (excluding products) that are indispensable for the work of a technician, an artisan, a laborer or any other person who engages in an occupation or business mainly through their own intellectual or physical labor (excluding those prescribed in the preceding two items);
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七実印その他の印で職業又は生活に欠くことができないもの
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(vii)a registered seal or any other seal that is indispensable for an occupation or daily living;
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八仏像、位牌その他礼拝又は祭祀に直接供するため欠くことができない物
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(viii)a Buddha statue, an ancestral memorial table or other object that is indispensable for direct use in a religious service or worship;
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九債務者に必要な系譜、日記、商業帳簿及びこれらに類する書類
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(ix)a family tree, a diary, commercial books and any similar documents that are necessary for the obligor;
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十債務者又はその親族が受けた勲章その他の名誉を表章する物
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(x)a medal or any other object representing honors received by the obligor or their relative;
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十一債務者等の学校その他の教育施設における学習に必要な書類及び器具
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(xi)documents and instruments that a member of the obligor's household needs for their studies at school or any other educational institution;
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十二発明又は著作に係る物で、まだ公表していないもの
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(xii)an object connected with an invention or a copyright work that has yet to be made public;
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十三債務者等に必要な義手、義足その他の身体の補足に供する物
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(xiii)a prosthetic arm, hand, leg, or foot, or any other such assistive device that a member of the obligor's household needs; and
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十四建物その他の工作物について、災害の防止又は保安のため法令の規定により設備しなければならない消防用の機械又は器具、避難器具その他の備品
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(xiv)fire-fighting machinery or equipment, fire escape equipment and any other supplies that are required to be put in place in a building or any other structure pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations for the purpose of preventing disasters or for security.
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(差押禁止動産の範囲の変更)
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(Change in the Scope of Seizure-Prohibited Movables)
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第百三十二条執行裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者及び債権者の生活の状況その他の事情を考慮して、差押えの全部若しくは一部の取消しを命じ、又は前条各号に掲げる動産の差押えを許すことができる。
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Article 132(1)An enforcement court may, upon petition, order rescission of all or part of a seizure or permit seizure of any of the movables set forth in the items of the preceding Article, taking into consideration the living conditions of the obligor and the obligee and any other circumstances.
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(3)When a petition has been filed seeking an order to void a seizure pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, an enforcement court may, until a judicial decision on the petition becomes effective, order a stay of the judicial enforcement, while requiring or not requiring provision of security.
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(先取特権者等の配当要求)
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(Demand for Distribution by a Statutory Lien Holder)
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第百三十三条先取特権又は質権を有する者は、その権利を証する文書又は電磁的記録を提出して、配当要求をすることができる。
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Article 133A statutory lien holder or a person who has a pledge may make a demand for distribution by submitting a document or electronic or magnetic record that proves their right.
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(売却の方法)
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(Method of Sale)
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第百三十四条執行官は、差押物を売却するには、入札又は競り売りのほか、最高裁判所規則で定める方法によらなければならない。
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Article 134A court enforcement officer must sell seized property by bidding, an auction or any other method specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(売却の場所の秩序維持等に関する規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions Concerning Maintenance of Order at the Place of Sale)
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第百三十五条第六十五条及び第六十八条の規定は、差押物を売却する場合について準用する。
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Article 135The provisions of Article 65 and Article 68 apply mutatis mutandis to cases of selling seized property.
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(手形等の提示義務)
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(Obligation to Present a Negotiable Instrument)
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第百三十六条執行官は、手形、小切手その他の金銭の支払を目的とする有価証券でその権利の行使のため定められた期間内に引受け若しくは支払のための提示又は支払の請求(以下「提示等」という。)を要するもの(以下「手形等」という。)を差し押さえた場合において、その期間の始期が到来したときは、債務者に代わつて手形等の提示等をしなければならない。
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Article 136If a court enforcement officer has seized a bill, note, check, or other such negotiable instrument with the payment of money as its subject matter (hereinafter referred to as a "negotiable instrument") that is required to be presented for acceptance or payment, or to have payment demanded against it (hereinafter referred to as "presenting" the instrument), within the period established for the exercise of rights under that instrument, and if the commencement of that period has arrived, the court enforcement officer must present the instrument in place of the obligor.
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(執行停止中の売却)
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(Sale During a Stay of Enforcement)
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第百三十七条第三十九条第一項第七号又は第八号に掲げる文書又は電磁的記録の提出があつた場合において、差押物について著しい価額の減少を生ずるおそれがあるとき、又はその保管のために不相応な費用を要するときは、執行官は、その差押物を売却することができる。
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Article 137(1)If the document or electronic or magnetic record set forth in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (vii) or (viii) has been submitted, if there is a likelihood of a considerable decline in the price of the seized property or if an inappropriate amount of costs are to be required for retention of that seized property, a court enforcement officer may sell the seized property.
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(有価証券の裏書等)
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(Indorsement of Securities)
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第百三十八条執行官は、有価証券を売却したときは、買受人のために、債務者に代わつて裏書又は名義書換えに必要な行為をすることができる。
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Article 138A court enforcement officer may, when the officer has sold securities, carry out, in place of the obligor, acts necessary for indorsement or entry of a name change for the purchaser.
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(執行官による配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Distribution or Payment by a Court Enforcement Officer)
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第百三十九条債権者が一人である場合又は債権者が二人以上であつて売得金、差押金銭若しくは手形等の支払金(以下「売得金等」という。)で各債権者の債権及び執行費用の全部を弁済することができる場合には、執行官は、債権者に弁済金を交付し、剰余金を債務者に交付する。
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Article 139(1)If there is only one obligee, or if there are two or more obligees but it is possible to fully satisfy the claims and enforcement costs of each of the obligees out of the sale proceeds, monies seized, or payments against negotiable instruments (hereinafter referred to as the "enforcement proceeds"), the court enforcement officer delivers payment money to the obligees and delivers any surplus to the obligor.
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(配当等を受けるべき債権者の範囲)
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(Scope of Obligees Entitled to Distribution or Payment)
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第百四十条配当等を受けるべき債権者は、差押債権者のほか、売得金については執行官がその交付を受けるまで(第百三十七条又は民事保全法第四十九条第三項の規定により供託された売得金については、動産執行が続行されることとなるまで)に、差押金銭についてはその差押えをするまでに、手形等の支払金についてはその支払を受けるまでに配当要求をした債権者とする。
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Article 140Obligees entitled to distribution or payment are the obligees effecting a seizure as well as obligees who made a demand for distribution, in the case of proceeds, by the time a court enforcement officer receives delivery of proceeds (or, in the case of proceeds that were deposited pursuant to the provisions of Article 137 or Article 49, paragraph (3) of the Civil Preservation Act, by the time the enforcement against movables is decided to be continued), or in the case of seized money, by the time a court enforcement officer seizes that money, or in the case of the amount payable on a negotiable instrument, by the time a court enforcement officer receives payment thereof.
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(執行官の供託)
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(Statutory Deposit by a Court Enforcement Officer)
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第百四十一条第百三十九条第一項又は第二項の規定により配当等を実施する場合において、配当等を受けるべき債権者の債権について次に掲げる事由があるときは、執行官は、その配当等の額に相当する金銭を供託し、その事情を執行裁判所に届け出なければならない。
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Article 141(1)In the case of implementing distribution or payment pursuant to the provisions of Article 139, paragraph (1) or (2), if any of the following grounds exist for the claim of an obligee who is to receive distribution or payment, a court enforcement officer makes a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the amount of the distribution or payment and notifies the enforcement court of the circumstances:
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一停止条件付又は不確定期限付であるとき。
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(i)when the claim is one subject to a condition precedent or one with an uncertain due date;
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二仮差押債権者の債権であるとき。
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(ii)when the claim is one held by the obligee effecting a provisional seizure;
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三第三十九条第一項第七号又は第百九十二条において準用する第百八十三条第一項第二号ホに掲げる文書が提出されているとき。
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(iii)when the document set forth in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (vii) or Article 183, paragraph (1), item (ii), sub-item (e) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 192 has been submitted; or
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四その債権に係る先取特権又は質権の実行を一時禁止する裁判の正本又は記録事項証明書が提出されているとき。
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(iv)when an authenticated copy or certificate of recorded information of a judicial decision to temporarily prohibit exercise of a statutory lien or pledge for the claim has been submitted.
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(執行裁判所による配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Distribution or Payment by the Enforcement Court)
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第百四十二条執行裁判所は、第百三十九条第三項の規定による届出があつた場合には直ちに、前条第一項の規定による届出があつた場合には供託の事由が消滅したときに、配当等の手続を実施しなければならない。
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Article 142(1)The enforcement court must implement the procedure of distribution or payment, immediately if notification has been given under the provisions of Article 139 , paragraph (3) and at the time when the grounds for statutory deposit were extinguished if notification has been given under the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
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第四款 債権及びその他の財産権に対する強制執行
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Subsection 4 Judicial Enforcement Against a Claim and Any Other Property Right
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第一目 債権執行等
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Division 1 Enforcement Against Claims
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(債権執行の開始)
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(Commencement of Enforcement Against Claims)
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第百四十三条金銭の支払又は船舶若しくは動産の引渡しを目的とする債権(動産執行の目的となる有価証券が発行されている債権を除く。以下この節において「債権」という。)に対する強制執行(第百六十七条の二第二項に規定する少額訴訟債権執行を除く。以下この節において「債権執行」という。)は、執行裁判所の差押命令により開始する。
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Article 143Enforcement against a claim for the payment of money or delivery of a vessel or movables (excluding a claim for which securities subject to enforcement against movables have been issued; hereinafter referred to as a "claim" in this Section) (this excludes the enforcement against a claim arising from a small claims action prescribed in Article 167-2, paragraph (2); hereinafter referred to as "enforcement against a claim" in this Section) is commenced through an order of seizure by an enforcement court.
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(執行裁判所)
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(Enforcement Court)
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第百四十四条債権執行については、債務者の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が、この普通裁判籍がないときは差し押さえるべき債権の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が、執行裁判所として管轄する。
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Article 144(1)The district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the general venue of the obligor has jurisdiction over enforcement against a claim as the enforcement court, and if there is no general venue, the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the claim to be seized has jurisdiction over enforcement as the enforcement court.
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(2)A claim to be seized is deemed to exist within the locality of the general venue of the obligor of that claim (hereinafter referred to as the "third-party obligor");provided, however, that a claim for delivery of a vessel or movables and a claim secured by a security interest in property is deemed to exist within the locality of the property.
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(3)If another order of seizure has been issued for a claim subject to a seizure (limited to a claim that has been seized based on an order of seizure; hereinafter the same applies in this Division), if the enforcement court that has issued that order of seizure is different from the earlier enforcement court, either enforcement court may transfer its case to the other enforcement court.
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(差押命令)
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(Order of Seizure)
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第百四十五条執行裁判所は、差押命令において、債務者に対し債権の取立てその他の処分を禁止し、かつ、第三債務者に対し債務者への弁済を禁止しなければならない。
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Article 145(1)An enforcement court must, in an order of seizure, prohibit the obligor from collecting or otherwise disposing the claim and prohibit the third-party obligor from providing performance to the obligor.
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(4)In serving an order of seizure, a court clerk must inform the obligor that a petition for setting aside the order of seizure under Article 153, paragraph (1) or (2) can be filed and other matters provided by the Rules of the Supreme Court, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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7執行裁判所は、債務者に対する差押命令の送達をすることができない場合には、差押債権者に対し、相当の期間を定め、その期間内に債務者の住所、居所その他差押命令について書類の送達をすべき場所の申出(第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第百十条第一項各号に掲げる場合にあつては、公示送達の申立て。次項において同じ。)をすべきことを命ずることができる。
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(7)Where an enforcement court is unable to service an order of seizure to an obligor, the enforcement court may specify a reasonable period and order the attaching obligee to make a proposal for an address, residence, and a place where a document on the order of seizure should be served (petition for service by publication in the cases set forth in the items of Article 110, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure, which apply mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20; the same applies in the following paragraph).
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(差押えの範囲)
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(Scope of Seizure)
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第百四十六条執行裁判所は、差し押さえるべき債権の全部について差押命令を発することができる。
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Article 146(1)An enforcement court may issue an order of seizure for the entirety of a claim to be seized.
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(第三債務者の陳述の催告)
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(Demand for the Third-Party Obligor to Make a Statement)
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第百四十七条差押債権者の申立てがあるときは、裁判所書記官は、差押命令を送達するに際し、第三債務者に対し、差押命令の送達の日から二週間以内に差押えに係る債権の存否その他の最高裁判所規則で定める事項について陳述すべき旨を催告しなければならない。
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Article 147(1)When a petition has been filed by the attaching obligee, a court clerk must, upon servicing an order of seizure, make a demand to the third-party obligor to state the presence or absence of any claim subject to a seizure and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court within two weeks from the day of service of the order of seizure.
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(債権証書の引渡し)
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(Delivery of a Claim Deed)
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第百四十八条差押えに係る債権について証書があるときは、債務者は、差押債権者に対し、その証書を引き渡さなければならない。
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Article 148(1)When a deed exists for a claim subject to a seizure, the obligor must deliver that deed to the attaching obligee.
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(差押えが一部競合した場合の効力)
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(Effects If Seizures Conflict in Part)
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第百四十九条債権の一部が差し押さえられ、又は仮差押えの執行を受けた場合において、その残余の部分を超えて差押命令が発せられたときは、各差押え又は仮差押えの執行の効力は、その債権の全部に及ぶ。債権の全部が差し押さえられ、又は仮差押えの執行を受けた場合において、その債権の一部について差押命令が発せられたときのその差押えの効力も、同様とする。
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Article 149If part of a claim has been seized or a provisional seizure has been effected against it, and an order of seizure is issued beyond the remaining portion of the claim, the effects of each seizure or provisional seizure extend to the entirety of the claim. The same applies to the effects of a seizure if an order of seizure has been issued for part of a claim after the entirety of the claim has been seized or a provisional seizure has been effected against it.
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(先取特権等によつて担保される債権の差押えの登記等の嘱託)
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(Commissioning the Registration of a Seizure of a Claim Secured by a Statutory Lien)
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第百五十条登記又は登録(以下「登記等」という。)のされた先取特権、質権又は抵当権によつて担保される債権に対する差押命令が効力を生じたときは、裁判所書記官は、申立てにより、その債権について差押えがされた旨の登記等を嘱託しなければならない。
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Article 150When an order of seizure against a claim secured by a registered statutory lien, pledge or mortgage has become effective, a court clerk must, upon petition, commission registration to the effect that that claim has been seized.
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(継続的給付の差押え)
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(Seizure of a Claim to Continuous Performance)
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第百五十一条給料その他継続的給付に係る債権に対する差押えの効力は、差押債権者の債権及び執行費用の額を限度として、差押えの後に受けるべき給付に及ぶ。
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Article 151The effects of a seizure against a claim for a compensation or any other continuous performance extend to the performance to be received after the seizure, not exceeding the amount of the claim and enforcement costs of the attaching obligee.
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(扶養義務等に係る定期金債権を請求する場合の特例)
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(Special Provisions on Cases of Enforcing a Claim for Periodic Payments Related to Duty to Support)
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第百五十一条の二債権者が次に掲げる義務に係る確定期限の定めのある定期金債権を有する場合において、その一部に不履行があるときは、第三十条第一項の規定にかかわらず、当該定期金債権のうち確定期限が到来していないものについても、債権執行を開始することができる。
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Article 151-2(1)If the obligor has a claim for periodic payments with provisions on fixed due dates related to any of the following duties, if any part of the claim is in default, enforcement against a claim may be commenced even for the portion of that claim for periodic payments for which the fixed due date has yet to arrive, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 30, paragraph (1):
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一民法第七百五十二条の規定による夫婦間の協力及び扶助の義務
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(i)the duty of cooperation and mutual assistance between a husband and wife under the provisions of Article 752 of the Civil Code;
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二民法第七百六十条の規定による婚姻から生ずる費用の分担の義務
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(ii)duty of sharing the expenses arising from marriage under the provisions of Article 760 of the Civil Code;
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三民法第七百六十六条(同法第七百四十九条、第七百七十一条及び第七百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による子の監護に関する義務
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(iii)the duty concerning custody of a child under the provisions of Article 766 of the Civil Code (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 749, Article 771 and Article 788 of the Civil Code); or
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四民法第八百七十七条から第八百八十条までの規定による扶養の義務
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(iv)the duty to support under the provisions of Article 877 through Article 880 of the Civil Code.
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(2)In enforcement against a claim that has been commenced pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, related to compensation or any other continuous performance it is possible to seize only the claim that becomes due after the arrival of the fixed due date of each claim for the periodic payments.
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(差押禁止債権)
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(Seizure-Prohibited Claim)
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第百五十二条次に掲げる債権については、その支払期に受けるべき給付の四分の三に相当する部分(その額が標準的な世帯の必要生計費を勘案して政令で定める額を超えるときは、政令で定める額に相当する部分)は、差し押さえてはならない。
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Article 152(1)In the case of either of the following claims, the portion equivalent to three-quarters of the performance to be received when the claim is due (or, if the amount exceeds the amount specified by a Cabinet Order by taking into account an average household's necessary living expenses, the portion equivalent to the amount specified by a Cabinet Order) must not be seized:
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一債務者が国及び地方公共団体以外の者から生計を維持するために支給を受ける継続的給付に係る債権
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(i)a claim related to continuous performance that the obligor receives from a person other than the State or local public entity for the purpose of maintaining the obligor's daily living; or
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二給料、賃金、俸給、退職年金及び賞与並びにこれらの性質を有する給与に係る債権
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(ii)a claim related to a compensation, wage, salary, retirement pension, bonus or any remuneration similar in nature.
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(3)To apply the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs in the case of enforcing a monetary claim (meaning a claim for payment of money; the same applies hereinafter) related to any of the duties set forth in the items of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the term "three-quarters" in the preceding two paragraphs is deemed to be replaced with "a half."
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(差押禁止債権の範囲の変更)
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(Change in the Scope of Seizure-Prohibited Claims)
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第百五十三条執行裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者及び債権者の生活の状況その他の事情を考慮して、差押命令の全部若しくは一部を取り消し、又は前条の規定により差し押さえてはならない債権の部分について差押命令を発することができる。
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Article 153(1)An enforcement court may, upon petition, order setting aside all or part of an order of seizure or issue an order of seizure for the portion of a claim of which seizure is prohibited pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, taking into consideration the living conditions of the obligor and the obligee and any other circumstances.
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(3)When the petition referred to in either of the preceding two paragraphs has been filed, an enforcement court may, until a judicial decision on the petition becomes effective, issue an order against the third-party obligor prohibiting payment or any other performance, while requiring or not requiring provision of security.
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(配当要求)
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(Demand for Distribution)
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第百五十四条執行力のある債務名義の正本を有する債権者及び文書又は電磁的記録により先取特権を有することを証明した債権者は、配当要求をすることができる。
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Article 154(1)An obligee having an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation and an obligee who has proved that they have a statutory lien based on a document or electronic or magnetic record may make a demand for distribution.
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(差押債権者の金銭債権の取立て)
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(Collection of a Monetary Claim of an Attaching Obligee)
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第百五十五条金銭債権を差し押さえた債権者は、債務者に対して差押命令が送達された日から一週間を経過したときは、その債権を取り立てることができる。ただし、差押債権者の債権及び執行費用の額を超えて支払を受けることができない。
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Article 155(1)An obligee who has a monetary claim seized may collect the claim when one week has elapsed from the day on which an order of seizure was served upon the obligor;provided, however, that they may not receive payment beyond the amount of the claim and enforcement costs of the attaching obligee.
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(2)With regards to the application of the provisions of the preceding paragraph where a seized monetary claim is a claim set forth in the items in Article 152, paragraph (1) or a claim under paragraph (2) of the Article (except where a monetary claim related to the obligation set forth in the items of Article 151-2, paragraph (1) is included in a claim of the attaching obligee), "one week" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "four weeks".
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(5)Where two years have elapsed without receiving the payment of paragraph (3) from the date when it was permitted to collect a monetary claim pursuant to paragraph (1) (or the date when the notification was given last time if the notification was given under the preceding paragraph or this paragraph; the same applies in the following paragraph), an attaching obligee must notify the enforcement court that the obligee has not received the payment of that paragraph.
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(7)Where an attaching obligee gives notification under paragraph (4) (except for the notification that the obligee received payment of all of the seized monetary claim) or paragraph (5) within an inalterable time frame of one week after the attaching obligee is notified of a judicial decision to set aside the order of seizure pursuant to the preceding paragraph, the decision ceases to be effective.
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(8)Where an attaching obligee gives notification to the enforcement court that the obligee does not receive the payment of paragraph (3) before a period under paragraph (5) has elapsed, regarding the application of the provisions of paragraph (5) and paragraph (6), it is deemed that the notification under paragraph (5) is given.
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(第三債務者の供託)
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(Statutory Deposit by a Third-Party Obligor)
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第百五十六条第三債務者は、差押えに係る金銭債権(差押命令により差し押さえられた金銭債権に限る。以下この条及び第百六十一条の二において同じ。)の全額に相当する金銭を債務の履行地の供託所に供託することができる。
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Article 156(1)A third-party obligor may make a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the total amount of the monetary claim subject to a seizure (limited to a monetary claim seized based on an order of seizure; the same applies in this Article and Article 161-2) to an official depository at the place of performance of the obligation.
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(2)A third-party obligor must, by the time the obligor receives a service of a complaint for the action prescribed in paragraph (1) of the following Article, make a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the total amount of the claim if the obligor has been served with an order of seizure, a disposition of seizure or an order of provisional seizure that has been issued beyond the unseized portion of a monetary claim subject to a seizure, or money equivalent to the seized portion if the obligor has been served with an electronic or magnetic record (limited to a record that is recorded in a file) prepared by the recording court clerk recording that a demand for distribution was made, to an official depository at the place of performance of the obligation.
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(3)A third-party obligor, when the obligor has received service of a statutory deposit order prescribed in the provisions of Article 161-2, paragraph (1), must make a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the total amount of the claim subject to a seizure to an official depository at the place of performance of the obligation.
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(取立訴訟)
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(Suit for Collection)
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第百五十七条差押債権者が第三債務者に対し差し押さえた債権に係る給付を求める訴え(以下「取立訴訟」という。)を提起したときは、受訴裁判所は、第三債務者の申立てにより、他の債権者で訴状の送達の時までにその債権を差し押さえたものに対し、共同訴訟人として原告に参加すべきことを命ずることができる。
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Article 157(1)When an attaching obligee has filed an action seeking performance of a seized claim (hereinafter referred to as a "suit for collection") against a third-party obligor, the court in charge of the case may, upon petition by the third-party obligor, order any other obligee who has seized the claim by the time of the service of the complaint to intervene on the plaintiff's side as a co-party.
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(4)When upholding the plaintiff's claim in a suit for collection against a third-party obligor who is obligated to make a statutory deposit pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) or (3) of the preceding Article, the court in charge of the case must include a statement to the effect that the payment of money for the claim should be made by the method of a statutory deposit in the main text of the judgment.
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(債権者の損害賠償)
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(Compensation of Damages to an Obligor)
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第百五十八条差押債権者は、債務者に対し、差し押さえた債権の行使を怠つたことによつて生じた損害を賠償する責めに任ずる。
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Article 158An attaching obligee is liable to compensate an obligor for any damages resulting from a failure to enforce a seized claim.
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(転付命令)
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(Assignment Order)
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第百五十九条執行裁判所は、差押債権者の申立てにより、支払に代えて券面額で差し押さえられた金銭債権を差押債権者に転付する命令(以下「転付命令」という。)を発することができる。
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Article 159(1)An enforcement court may, upon petition by the attaching obligee, issue an order to assign the seized monetary claim to the attaching obligee at face value in lieu of payment (hereinafter referred to as an "assignment order").
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(6)With regards to the application of the provisions of the preceding paragraph if a seized monetary claim is a claim set forth in the items of Article 152, paragraph (1) or a claim under paragraph (2) of the Article (excluding cases where a monetary claim related to the obligations set forth in the items of Article 151-2, paragraph (1) is included in claims of the attaching obligee), the phrase "unless it becomes final and binding" in the paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "until it becomes final and binding, and four weeks have elapsed from the date when the order of seizure was served to an obligor".
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(7)If an appeal against an enforcement decision has been filed on the basis that the document or electronic or magnetic record set forth in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (vii) or (viii) was submitted after the issuance of an assignment order, the court of appeal must withhold the judicial decision on the appeal against an enforcement decision, except in the case of setting aside the assignment order based on another reason.
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(転付命令の効力)
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(Effects of an Assignment Order)
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第百六十条転付命令が効力を生じた場合においては、差押債権者の債権及び執行費用は、転付命令に係る金銭債権が存する限り、その券面額で、転付命令が第三債務者に送達された時に弁済されたものとみなす。
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Article 160If an assignment order has become effective, as long as the monetary claim for the assignment order exists, the claim and enforcement costs of the attaching obligee is deemed to have been performed, in the amount of the face value of the claim, at the time of the service of the assignment order upon the third-party obligor.
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(譲渡命令等)
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(Transfer Order)
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第百六十一条差し押さえられた債権が、条件付若しくは期限付であるとき、又は反対給付に係ることその他の事由によりその取立てが困難であるときは、執行裁判所は、差押債権者の申立てにより、その債権を執行裁判所が定めた価額で支払に代えて差押債権者に譲渡する命令(以下「譲渡命令」という。)、取立てに代えて、執行裁判所の定める方法によりその債権の売却を執行官に命ずる命令(以下「売却命令」という。)又は管理人を選任してその債権の管理を命ずる命令(以下「管理命令」という。)その他相当な方法による換価を命ずる命令(第百六十七条の十第一項において「譲渡命令等」と総称する。)を発することができる。
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Article 161(1)When a seized claim is one subject to a condition or one with a due date, or when it is difficult to collect the claim since it relates to counter-performance or due to any other grounds, the enforcement court may, upon petition by the attaching obligee, issue an order to transfer the claim to the attaching obligee at the price specified by the enforcement court in lieu of payment (hereinafter referred to as a "transfer order"), issue an order that orders a court enforcement officer to sell the claim by the method specified by the enforcement court in lieu of collection (hereinafter referred to as a "sale order"), issue an order to appoint an administrator and order the administrator to conduct administration of the claim (hereinafter referred to as an "administration order"), or issue any other order that orders a realization through a reasonable method (collectively referred to in Article 167-10, paragraph (1) as a "transfer order, etc.").
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(5)Where the seized claim is a claim set forth in the items of Article 152, paragraph (1) or a claim under paragraph (2) of that Article (excluding cases where a monetary claim related to the obligations set forth in the items of Article 151-2, paragraph (1) is included in claims of the attaching obligee), the phrase "unless it becomes final and binding" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "until it becomes final and binding, and four weeks have elapsed from the date when the order of seizure was served to an obligor".
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7第百五十九条第二項及び第三項並びに前条の規定は譲渡命令について、第百五十九条第七項の規定は譲渡命令に対する執行抗告について、第六十五条及び第六十八条の規定は売却命令に基づく執行官の売却について、第百五十九条第二項の規定は管理命令について、第八十四条第四項及び第五項、第八十八条、第九十四条第二項、第九十五条第一項、第三項及び第四項、第九十八条から第百四条まで並びに第百六条から第百十条までの規定は管理命令に基づく管理について、それぞれ準用する。この場合において、第八十四条第四項及び第五項中「代金の納付後」とあるのは、「第百六十一条第七項において準用する第百七条第一項の期間の経過後」と読み替えるものとする。
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(7)The provisions of Article 159, paragraphs (2) and (3) and the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to a transfer order, the provisions of Article 159, paragraph (7) apply mutatis mutandis to an appeal against an enforcement decision filed against a transfer order, the provisions of Article 65 and Article 68 apply mutatis mutandis to a sale by a court enforcement officer based on a sale order, the provisions of Article 159, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to an administration order, and the provisions of Article 84, paragraphs (4) and (5), Article 88, Article 94, paragraph (2), Article 95 , paragraphs (1), (3) and (4), Articles 98 through 104, and Articles 106 through 110 apply to administration based on an administration order, respectively.In this case, the phrase "after the payment of the price" in Article 84, paragraphs (4) and (5) is deemed to be replaced with "after the passage of the period referred to in Article 107, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 161, paragraph (7)."
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(供託命令)
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(Statutory Deposit Order)
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第百六十一条の二次の各号のいずれかに掲げる場合には、執行裁判所は、差押債権者の申立てにより、差押えに係る金銭債権の全額に相当する金銭を債務の履行地の供託所に供託すべきことを第三債務者に命ずる命令(以下この条及び第百六十七条の十において「供託命令」という。)を発することができる。
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Article 161-2(1)In the cases falling under either of the following items, an enforcement court may, upon petition by an attaching obligee effecting a seizure, order a third-party obligor to make a statutory deposit of money equivalent to the total amount of the claim subject to the seizure to an official depository at the place of performance of the obligation (hereinafter in this Article and Article 167-10 referred to as a "statutory deposit order"):
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一差押債権者又はその法定代理人の住所又は氏名について第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第百三十三条第一項の決定がされたとき。
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(i)if a decision specified in Article 133, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure applicable mutatis mutandis under Article 20 has been made regarding the domicile or name of the attaching obligee effecting a seizure or the obligee's statutory agent; or
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二債務名義に民事訴訟法第百三十三条第五項(他の法律において準用する場合を含む。)の規定により定められた差押債権者又はその法定代理人の住所又は氏名に代わる事項が表示されているとき。
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(ii)if the matters in lieu of the domicile or name of the attaching obligee effecting a seizure or the obligee's statutory agent specified pursuant to the provisions of Article 133, paragraph (5) of the Code of Civil Procedure (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to other Acts) are indicated in a title of obligation.
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(船舶の引渡請求権の差押命令の執行)
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(Carrying Out an Order to Seize a Claim for Delivery of a Vessel)
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第百六十二条船舶の引渡請求権を差し押さえた債権者は、債務者に対して差押命令が送達された日から一週間を経過したときは、第三債務者に対し、船舶の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の選任する保管人にその船舶を引き渡すべきことを請求することができる。
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Article 162(1)An obligee who has had a claim for delivery of a vessel seized may, when one week has elapsed from the day on which an order of seizure was served upon the obligor, demand the third-party obligor to deliver the vessel to the custodian appointed by the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the vessel.
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(動産の引渡請求権の差押命令の執行)
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(Carrying Out an Order to Seize a Claim for Delivery of Movables)
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第百六十三条動産の引渡請求権を差し押さえた債権者は、債務者に対して差押命令が送達された日から一週間を経過したときは、第三債務者に対し、差押債権者の申立てを受けた執行官にその動産を引き渡すべきことを請求することができる。
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Article 163(1)An obligee who has had a claim for delivery of movables seized may, when one week has elapsed from the day on which an order of seizure was served upon the obligor, demand the third-party obligor to deliver the movables to the court enforcement officer who has received a petition by the attaching obligee.
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(移転登記等の嘱託)
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(Commission of Registration of Transfer)
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第百六十四条第百五十条に規定する債権について、転付命令若しくは譲渡命令が効力を生じたとき、又は売却命令による売却が終了したときは、裁判所書記官は、申立てにより、その債権を取得した差押債権者又は買受人のために先取特権、質権又は抵当権の移転の登記等を嘱託し、及び同条の規定による登記等の抹消を嘱託しなければならない。
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Article 164(1)When an assignment order or a transfer order has become effective and binding for the claim prescribed in Article 150, or when a sale based on a sale order has been terminated, a court clerk must, upon petition, commission registration of transfer of the statutory lien, pledge or mortgage for the attaching obligee or the purchaser who acquired the claim, and commission cancellation of registration under the provisions of that Article.
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(2)In the case of making a commission under the provisions of the preceding paragraph (excluding the case prescribed in the following paragraph), the commission document must have an attached certificate of recorded information of an assignment order or a transfer order or an attached certificate of recorded information of an electronic or magnetic record that is prepared by a court enforcement officer with regard to a sale based on a sale order and recorded in a file.
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3第一項の規定による嘱託をする場合において、不動産登記法(平成十六年法律第百二十三号)第十六条第二項(他の法令において準用する場合を含む。)において準用する同法第十八条の規定による嘱託をするときは、その嘱託情報と併せて転付命令若しくは譲渡命令があつたことを証する情報又は売却命令に基づく売却について執行官が作成した電磁的記録であつてファイルに記録されたものの内容を証する情報を提供しなければならない。
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(3)In the case of making a commission under the provisions of paragraph (1), when making a commission under the provisions of Article 18 of the Immovable Property Registration Act (Act No. 123 of 2004) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 16, paragraph (2) of the Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to other laws and regulations), information proving the fact that an assignment order or a transfer order has been issued or information proving the contents of an electronic or magnetic record that is prepared by a court enforcement officer with regard to a sale based on a sale order and recorded in a file must be submitted along with the commission information.
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(5)If registration has been made pursuant to the provisions of Article 150, when a document or electronic or magnetic record proving that a payment or a statutory deposit was made for the seized claim has been submitted, a court clerk must, upon petition, commission cancellation of the relevant registration. The same applies when the petition for enforcement against a claim has been withdrawn or when an order to set aside an order of seizure has become final and binding.
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(6)The registration and license tax and any other costs required for a commission under the provisions of the preceding paragraph are borne by the obligor in the case referred to in the first sentence of that paragraph, and by the attaching obligee in the case referred to in the second sentence of that paragraph.
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(配当等を受けるべき債権者の範囲)
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(Scope of Obligees Entitled to Distribution or Payment)
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第百六十五条配当等を受けるべき債権者は、次に掲げる時までに差押え、仮差押えの執行又は配当要求をした債権者とする。
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Article 165Obligees entitled to distribution or payment are obligees who have carried out a seizure or a provisional seizure or have made a demand for distribution by any of the following times:
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一第三債務者が第百五十六条第一項から第三項までの規定による供託をした時
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(i)the time when the third-party obligor made a statutory deposit under the provisions of Article 156, paragraphs (1) through (3);
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二取立訴訟の訴状が第三債務者に送達された時
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(ii)the time when a complaint for a suit for collection was served upon the third-party obligor;
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三売却命令により執行官が売得金の交付を受けた時
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(iii)the time when a court enforcement officer received delivery of proceeds based on a sale order; or
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四動産引渡請求権の差押えの場合にあつては、執行官がその動産の引渡しを受けた時
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(iv)in the case of a seizure of a claim for delivery of movables, the time when a court enforcement officer received delivery of the movables.
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(配当等の実施)
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(Implementation of Distribution or Payment)
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第百六十六条執行裁判所は、第百六十一条第七項において準用する第百九条に規定する場合のほか、次に掲げる場合には、配当等を実施しなければならない。
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Article 166(1)An enforcement court must implement distribution or payment in any of the following cases, in addition to the cases prescribed in Article 109 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 161, paragraph (7):
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一第百五十六条第一項から第三項まで又は第百五十七条第五項の規定による供託がされた場合
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(i)cases where a statutory deposit was made under the provisions of Article 156, paragraph (1) through (3) or Article 157, paragraph (5);
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二売却命令による売却がされた場合
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(ii)cases where a sale was carried out based on a sale order;
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三第百六十三条第二項の規定により売得金が提出された場合
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(iii)cases where proceeds were submitted pursuant to the provisions of Article 163, paragraph (2).
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(3)Where a seized claim is a claim set forth in the items of Article 152, paragraph (1) or a claim under paragraph (2) of the Article (excluding cases where a monetary claim related to the obligations set forth in the items of Article 151-2, paragraph (1) is included in claims of the attaching obligee (at least one person where they are several persons)), distribution or payment must not be implemented until four weeks have elapsed from the date when the order of seizure was served to the obligor.
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(その他の財産権に対する強制執行)
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(Judicial Enforcement Against any Other Property Right)
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第百六十七条不動産、船舶、動産及び債権以外の財産権(以下この条において「その他の財産権」という。)に対する強制執行については、特別の定めがあるもののほか、債権執行の例による。
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Article 167(1)Judicial enforcement against a property right other than immovable property, a vessel, movables or a claim (hereinafter referred to as "any other property right" in this Article) is governed by the rules of enforcement against a claim, except as otherwise provided.
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(4)If, prior to the service of an order of seizure, registration of a seizure was made for any other property right for which registration is required in the case of transfer of the right, the seizure is effective at the time when the registration of the seizure was made;provided, however, that against any other property for which restriction of disposition of the right is not effective without making registration thereof, a seizure is effective at the time when registration of the seizure was made, even if registration of the seizure was made after the service of an order of seizure.
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第二目 少額訴訟債権執行
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Division 2 Enforcement Against a Claim Arising from a Small Claims Action
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(少額訴訟債権執行の開始等)
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(Commencement of Enforcement Against a Claim Arising from a Small Claims Action)
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第百六十七条の二次に掲げる少額訴訟に係る債務名義による金銭債権に対する強制執行は、前目の定めるところにより裁判所が行うほか、第二条の規定にかかわらず、申立てにより、この目の定めるところにより裁判所書記官が行う。
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Article 167-2(1)Enforcement against a monetary claim that is based on the title of obligation arising from a small claims action set forth in any of the following items is carried out by the court pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Division and, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2, is carried out by the court clerk pursuant to the provisions of this Division, upon petition:
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一少額訴訟における確定判決
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(i)a final and binding judgment made in a small claims action;
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二仮執行の宣言を付した少額訴訟の判決
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(ii)a small-claims judgment bearing a declaration of provisional enforcement;
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三少額訴訟における訴訟費用又は和解の費用の負担の額を定める裁判所書記官の処分
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(iii)a disposition by a court clerk determining the amount of court costs or settlement costs being borne in a small claims action;
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四少額訴訟における和解又は認諾の調書又は電子調書
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(iv)a record or electronic record of a settlement or acknowledgment in a small claims action; or
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五少額訴訟における民事訴訟法第二百七十五条の二第一項の規定による和解に代わる決定
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(v)an order in lieu of settlement under the provisions of Article 275-2, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure in a small claims action.
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一第一項第一号に掲げる債務名義同号の判決をした簡易裁判所
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(i)the title of obligation set forth in paragraph (1), item (i):The summary court that has made the judgment referred to in the item;
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二第一項第二号に掲げる債務名義同号の判決をした簡易裁判所
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(ii)the title of obligation set forth in paragraph (1), item (ii):The summary court that has made the judgment referred to in the item;
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三第一項第三号に掲げる債務名義同号の処分をした裁判所書記官の所属する簡易裁判所
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(iii)the title of obligation set forth in paragraph (1), item (iii):The summary court to which the court clerk who has made the disposition referred to in the item belongs;
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四第一項第四号に掲げる債務名義同号の和解が成立し、又は同号の認諾がされた簡易裁判所
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(iv)the title of obligation set forth in paragraph (1), item (iv):The summary court in which the settlement referred to in the item was concluded or the acknowledgment referred to in that item was made; or
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五第一項第五号に掲げる債務名義同号の和解に代わる決定をした簡易裁判所
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(v)the title of obligation set forth in paragraph (1), item (v):The summary court that has issued the order in lieu of settlement referred to in the item.
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(4)The provisions of Article 144, paragraphs (3) and (4) apply mutatis mutandis to the case where another disposition of seizure has been made for the monetary claim subject to a seizure (limited to a monetary claim seized based on a disposition of seizure; hereinafter the same applies in this Division).In this case, the phrase "the enforcement court that has issued the order of seizure" in paragraph (3) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "the summary court to which the court clerk who has made the disposition of seizure belongs," the phrase "the earlier enforcement court may" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "the earlier court clerk may," the phrase "the other enforcement court" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "a court clerk of the other summary court," and the term "order" in paragraph (4) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "disposition by a court clerk."
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(執行裁判所)
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(Enforcement Court)
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第百六十七条の三少額訴訟債権執行の手続において裁判所書記官が行う執行処分に関しては、その裁判所書記官の所属する簡易裁判所をもつて執行裁判所とする。
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Article 167-3For an enforcement measure taken by a court clerk in the procedure for enforcement against a claim arising from a small claims action, the enforcement court is the summary court to which the court clerk belongs.
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(裁判所書記官の執行処分の効力等)
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(Effect of Court Clerks' Enforcement Measures)
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第百六十七条の四少額訴訟債権執行の手続において裁判所書記官が行う執行処分は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、相当と認める方法で告知することによつて、その効力を生ずる。
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Article 167-4(1)An enforcement measure that a court clerk takes in the procedure for enforcement against a claim arising from a small claims action becomes effective by notice of that measure being given by a method found to be reasonable, except as otherwise provided for.
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(差押処分)
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(Disposition of Seizure)
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第百六十七条の五裁判所書記官は、差押処分において、債務者に対し金銭債権の取立てその他の処分を禁止し、かつ、第三債務者に対し債務者への弁済を禁止しなければならない。
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Article 167-5(1)A court clerk must, in a disposition of seizure, prohibit the obligor from collecting or otherwise disposing the monetary claim and prohibit the third-party obligor from providing performance to the obligor.
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(2)The provisions of Article 145, paragraphs (2), (3), (5), (7), and (8) apply mutatis mutandis to a disposition of seizure and the provisions of paragraph (4) of the Article apply mutatis mutandis to cases where a disposition of seizure is served, respectively.In this case, the phrase "Article 153, paragraph (1) or (2)" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "Article 167-8, paragraph (1) or (2)" and the phrase "enforcement court" in paragraph (7) and paragraph (8) of the Article is deemed to be replaced with "court clerk".
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(5)The provisions of Article 74, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to a disposition made by a court clerk on a petition for a disposition on seizure.In this case, the preceding two paragraphs and paragraph (3) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis.
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(費用の予納等)
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(Prepayment of Expenses)
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第百六十七条の六少額訴訟債権執行についての第十四条第一項及び第四項の規定の適用については、これらの規定中「執行裁判所」とあるのは、「裁判所書記官」とする。
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Article 167-6(1)To apply the provisions of Article 14, paragraphs (1) and (4) to enforcement against a claim arising from a small claims action, the term "enforcement court" in these provisions is deemed to be replaced with "court clerk."
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(3)A person must file an objection to a court clerk's measure under the provisions of Article 14, paragraph (4) as applied pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) following a replacement of terms within an inalterable time frame of one week from the day on which the person is notified of that measure.
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(5)A measure by a court clerk to cancel the procedures for enforcement against a claim arising from a small claims action pursuant to the provisions of Article 14, paragraph (4) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) by replacing the terms is not effective until it becomes final and binding.
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(第三者異議の訴えの管轄裁判所)
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(Court with Jurisdiction over a Third-Party Action Opposing Enforcement)
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第百六十七条の七少額訴訟債権執行の不許を求める第三者異議の訴えは、第三十八条第三項の規定にかかわらず、執行裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が管轄する。
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Article 167-7Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 38, paragraph (3), a third-party action opposing enforcement in which the third-party asks the court not to permit enforcement against a claim arising from a small claims action is under the jurisdiction of the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the enforcement court.
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(差押禁止債権の範囲の変更)
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(Change in the Scope of Seizure-Prohibited Claims)
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第百六十七条の八執行裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者及び債権者の生活の状況その他の事情を考慮して、差押処分の全部若しくは一部を取り消し、又は第百六十七条の十四第一項において準用する第百五十二条の規定により差し押さえてはならない金銭債権の部分について差押処分をすべき旨を命ずることができる。
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Article 167-8(1)An enforcement court may, upon petition, order voidance of all or part of a disposition of seizure or order that a disposition of seizure be made for the portion of a monetary claim of which seizure is prohibited pursuant to the provisions of Article 152 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 167-14, paragraph (1), taking into consideration the living conditions of the obligor and the obligee and any other circumstances.
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(2)When there has been a change in circumstances, an enforcement court may, upon petition, order that a disposition of seizure be made for a monetary claim for which a disposition of seizure had been voided pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph or revoke all or part of a disposition of seizure that has been made under the provisions of that paragraph.
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(3)The provisions of Article 153, paragraphs (3) through (5) apply mutatis mutandis to cases where the petition referred to in the preceding two paragraphs has been filed.In this case, the term "an order of seizure" in paragraph (4) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "a disposition of seizure."
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(配当要求)
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(Demand for Distribution)
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第百六十七条の九執行力のある債務名義の正本を有する債権者及び文書又は電磁的記録により先取特権を有することを証明した債権者は、裁判所書記官に対し、配当要求をすることができる。
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Article 167-9(1)An obligee having an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation and an obligee who has proved that the obligee has a statutory lien based on a document or electronic or magnetic record may make a demand for distribution to a court clerk.
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(転付命令等のための移行)
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(Transfer for Seeking an Assignment Order)
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第百六十七条の十差押えに係る金銭債権について転付命令、譲渡命令等又は供託命令(以下この条において「転付命令等」という。)のいずれかの命令を求めようとするときは、差押債権者は、執行裁判所に対し、転付命令等のうちいずれの命令を求めるかを明らかにして、債権執行の手続に事件を移行させることを求める旨の申立てをしなければならない。
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Article 167-10(1)If an attaching obligee seeks an assignment order, a transfer order, etc., or a statutory deposit order (hereinafter referred to as an "order for realizing a claim" in this Article) in connection with the monetary claim subject to seizure, by clarifying which one of the order for realizing a claim the obligee seeks, the obligee must file a petition with the enforcement court seeking transfer of the case to the procedure of enforcement against a claim.
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(2)When the court has received a petition as referred to in the preceding paragraph in which the obligee has clarified the type of order prescribed in that paragraph, the enforcement court must move the case into the procedures for enforcing claims at the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the enforcement court.
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(3)If, before the order under the provisions of the preceding paragraph became effective, an objection was filed to an enforcement measure that had already been taken or an appeal was filed against an enforcement decision that had already been made, the order does not become effective until the judicial decision on the objection or appeal becomes final and binding.
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(6)Once an order under the provisions of paragraph (2) becomes effective, the petition for an order of seizure is deemed to have been filed with the district court prescribed in paragraph (2) at the time the petition for a disposition of seizure was filed or the petition for an order for realizing a claim is deemed to have been filed with that district court at the time the petition referred to in paragraph (1) was filed, and any enforcement measure or other such act already taken is deemed to have been taken in the procedures for enforcement against a claim.
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(配当等のための移行等)
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(Transfer for Purposes of Distribution or Payment)
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第百六十七条の十一第百六十七条の十四第一項において準用する第百五十六条第一項若しくは第二項又は第百五十七条第五項の規定により供託がされた場合において、債権者が二人以上であつて供託金で各債権者の債権及び執行費用の全部を弁済することができないため配当を実施すべきときは、執行裁判所は、その所在地を管轄する地方裁判所における債権執行の手続に事件を移行させなければならない。
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Article 167-11(1)If a statutory deposit has been made pursuant to the provisions of Article 156, paragraph (1) or (2) or Article 157, paragraph (5) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 167-14, paragraph (1), and distribution is to be implemented since there are two or more obligees and it is not possible to fully perform the claims and enforcement costs of the respective obligees with the deposit money, the enforcement court transfers its case to the procedure of enforcement against a claim at the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the enforcement court.
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(2)In the cases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if another order of seizure or disposition of seizure has been made for the monetary claim subject to a seizure, the enforcement court may transfer its case to the procedure of enforcement against a claim at the enforcement court that has issued the order of seizure or at the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the summary court to which the court clerk who has made that disposition of seizure belongs, in addition to the procedure of enforcement against a claim at the district court prescribed in that paragraph.
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(3)If a statutory deposit has been made under the provisions of paragraph (1), if there is only one obligee or if there are two or more obligees and it is possible to fully perform the claims and enforcement costs of the respective obligees with the deposit money, a court clerk records an electronic statement of delivery of the deposit money (meaning an electronic or magnetic record prepared by the court clerk, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, by recording the amount of the deposit money, the amounts of the principal of the claims, interest, and any other incidental claims of each obligee, the amount of the enforcement expenses, and the order and amounts of delivery of payment money to enable the payment money and surplus to be delivered) in a file, and delivers the payment money to the obligee and delivers any surplus to the obligor.
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(4)In the cases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if another order of seizure has been issued for the monetary claim subject to a seizure, the enforcement court may transfer its case to the procedure of enforcement against a claim at the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the enforcement court or at the enforcement court that has issued the order of seizure.
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(5)If another order of seizure has been issued for the monetary claim subject to a seizure, if the enforcement court that has issued the order of seizure is to implement distribution or payment pursuant to the provisions of Article 109 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 161, paragraph (7) or pursuant to the provisions of Article 166, paragraph (1), item (ii), the earlier enforcement court transfers its case to the procedure of enforcement against a claim at the enforcement court that has issued the order of seizure.
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(7)The provisions of Article 84, paragraphs (4) and (5), Article 88, Article 91 (excluding paragraph (1), items (vi) and (vii)) and Article 92, paragraph (1) and paragraphs (3) through (7), and Article 166, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the procedure of delivery of payment money implemented by a court clerk pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3), the provisions of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of paragraph (1), paragraph (2), paragraph (4) or paragraph (5), and the provisions of paragraph (6) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis to cases where an order under the provisions of paragraph (1), paragraph (2), paragraph (4) or paragraph (5) has become effective, respectively.In this case, the term "order of seizure" in Article 166, paragraph (3) is deemed to be replaced with "disposition of seizure".
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(裁量移行)
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(Discretionary Transfer)
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第百六十七条の十二執行裁判所は、差し押さえるべき金銭債権の内容その他の事情を考慮して相当と認めるときは、その所在地を管轄する地方裁判所における債権執行の手続に事件を移行させることができる。
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Article 167-12(1)An enforcement court may, when it finds it to be reasonable by taking into consideration the contents of the monetary claim to be seized and any other circumstances, transfer its case to the procedure of enforcement against a claim at the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the enforcement court.
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(3)The provisions of Article 167-10, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of paragraph (1), and the provisions of paragraph (6) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis to cases where an order under the provisions of paragraph (1) has become effective.In this case, the phrase "the petition for a disposition of seizure or the petition referred to in paragraph (1)" in paragraph (6) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "the petition for a disposition of seizure," and the phrase "the petition for an order of seizure or the petition for an order for realizing a claim" in the paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "the petition for an order of seizure."
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(総則規定の適用関係)
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(Application of the General Provisions)
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第百六十七条の十三少額訴訟債権執行についての第一章及び第二章第一節の規定の適用については、第十三条第一項中「執行裁判所でする手続」とあるのは「第百六十七条の二第二項に規定する少額訴訟債権執行の手続」と、第十六条第一項中「執行裁判所」とあるのは「裁判所書記官」と、第十七条第一項、第十七条の二第一項から第三項まで及び第十七条の三中「執行裁判所の行う民事執行」とあるのは「第百六十七条の二第二項に規定する少額訴訟債権執行」と、第四十条第一項中「執行裁判所又は執行官」とあるのは「裁判所書記官」と、第四十二条第四項中「執行裁判所の裁判所書記官」とあるのは「裁判所書記官」とする。
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Article 167-13To apply the provisions of Chapter I and Chapter II, Section 1 to enforcement against a claim arising from a small claims action, the phrase "procedures with an enforcement court" in Article 13, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "procedures for enforcement against a claim arising from a small claims action prescribed in Article 167-2, paragraph (2)," the term "enforcement court" in Article 16, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "court clerk," the phrase "civil enforcement carried out by an enforcement court" in Article 17, paragraph (1), Article 17-2, paragraphs (1) through (3), and Article 17-3 is deemed to be replaced with "the enforcement against a claim arising from a small claims action prescribed in Article 167-2, paragraph (2)," the phrase "the enforcement court or court enforcement officer" in Article 40, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "the court clerk," and the phrase "a court clerk of the enforcement court" in Article 42, paragraph (4) is deemed to be replaced with "a court clerk."
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(債権執行の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions on Enforcement Against Claims)
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第百六十七条の十四第百四十六条から第百五十二条まで、第百五十五条、第百五十六条(第三項を除く。)、第百五十七条、第百五十八条、第百六十四条第五項及び第六項並びに第百六十五条(第三号及び第四号を除く。)の規定は、少額訴訟債権執行について準用する。この場合において、第百四十六条、第百五十五条第四項から第六項まで及び第八項並びに第百五十六条第四項中「執行裁判所」とあるのは「裁判所書記官」と、第百四十六条第一項中「差押命令を発する」とあるのは「差押処分をする」と、第百四十七条第一項、第百四十八条第二項、第百五十条、百五十五条第一項、第六項及び第七項並びに第百五十六条第一項中「差押命令」とあるのは「差押処分」と、第百四十七条第一項及び第百四十八条第一項中「差押えに係る債権」とあるのは「差押えに係る金銭債権」と、第百四十九条中「差押命令が発せられたとき」とあるのは「差押処分がされたとき」と、第百五十五条第七項中「決定」とあるのは「裁判所書記官の処分」と、第百六十四条第五項中「差押命令の取消決定」とあるのは「差押処分の取消決定若しくは差押処分を取り消す旨の裁判所書記官の処分」と、第百六十五条(見出しを含む。)中「配当等」とあるのは「弁済金の交付」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 167-14(1)The provisions of Articles 146 through 152, Article 155, Article 156 (excluding paragraph (3)), Article 157, Article 158, Article 164, paragraphs (5) and (6), and Article 165 (excluding item (iii) and item (iv)) apply mutatis mutandis to enforcement against a claim arising from a small claims action.In this case, the term "enforcement court" in Article 146, Article 155, paragraphs (4) through (6) and (8) and Article 156, paragraph (4) is deemed to be replaced with "court clerk," the phrase "issue an order of seizure" in Article 146, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "make a disposition of seizure," the term "order of seizure" in Article 147, paragraph (1), Article 148, paragraph (2), Article 150, Article 155, paragraphs (1), (6) and (7) and Article 156, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "disposition of seizure," the phrase "claim subject to a seizure" in Article 147, paragraph (1) and Article 148, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "monetary claim for a seizure," the phrase "an order of seizure is issued" in Article 149 is deemed to be replaced with "a disposition of seizure is made," the phrase "decision" in Article 155, paragraph (7) is deemed to be replaced with "a disposition by a court clerk", the phrase "an order to set aside an order of seizure" in Article 164, paragraph (5) is deemed to be replaced with "an order to set aside an order of seizure or a disposition by a court clerk to void a disposition of seizure," and the term "distribution or payment" in Article 165 (including the title of the Article) is deemed to be replaced with "delivery of payment money."
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第五款 扶養義務等に係る金銭債権についての強制執行の特例
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Subsection 5 Special Provisions on Judicial Enforcement for a Monetary Claim Related to Duty to Support
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(扶養義務等に係る金銭債権についての間接強制)
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(Indirect Judicial Enforcement for a Monetary Claim Related to Duty to Support)
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第百六十七条の十五第百五十一条の二第一項各号に掲げる義務に係る金銭債権についての強制執行は、前各款の規定により行うほか、債権者の申立てがあるときは、執行裁判所が第百七十二条第一項に規定する方法により行う。ただし、債務者が、支払能力を欠くためにその金銭債権に係る債務を弁済することができないとき、又はその債務を弁済することによつてその生活が著しく窮迫するときは、この限りでない。
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Article 167-15(1)Judicial enforcement for a monetary claim related to any of the duties set forth in the items of Article 151-2, paragraph (1) is carried out pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Subsections, and also, when a petition has been filed by the obligee, is carried out by the enforcement court by the method prescribed in Article 172, paragraph (1);provided, however, that this does not apply when the obligor is unable to perform the obligation related to that monetary claim due to a lack of the ability to pay or when the obligor is to fall into extreme poverty through performance of the obligation.
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(2)In the case of carrying out judicial enforcement for the monetary claim prescribed in the preceding paragraph pursuant to the provisions of the paragraph by the method prescribed in Article 172, paragraph (1), the enforcement court must, when determining the amount of money to be paid by the obligor to the obligee, particularly take into account the disadvantages to be incurred by the obligee through default of the obligation and the financial resources of the obligor and the mode of their performance of the obligation in the past.
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(3)When there has been a change in circumstances, an enforcement court may, upon petition by the obligor, set aside an order under the provisions of paragraph (1) retroactively as of the time when that petition was filed (or, if there was a change in circumstances after that petition was filed, the time of the change in circumstances).
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(4)When the petition referred to in the preceding paragraph has been filed, an enforcement court may order a stay of enforcement for an order under the provisions of paragraph (1) until a judicial decision on the petition becomes effective, while either requiring or not requiring security to be provided.
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(6)The provisions of Article 172, paragraph (2) through (5) apply mutatis mutandis to the case referred to in paragraph (1), the provisions of paragraph (3) and paragraph (5) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis to the case referred to in paragraph (3), and the provisions of Article 173, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to the enforcement court referred to in paragraph (1).
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(扶養義務等に係る定期金債権を請求する場合の特例)
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(Special Provisions on Cases of Enforcing a Claim for Periodic Payments Related to Duty to Support)
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第百六十七条の十六債権者が第百五十一条の二第一項各号に掲げる義務に係る確定期限の定めのある定期金債権を有する場合において、その一部に不履行があるときは、第三十条第一項の規定にかかわらず、当該定期金債権のうち六月以内に確定期限が到来するものについても、前条第一項に規定する方法による強制執行を開始することができる。
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Article 167-16If the obligee has a claim for periodic payments with provisions on fixed due dates related to any of the duties set forth in the items of Article 151-2, paragraph (1), if any part of the claim is in default, judicial enforcement by the method prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article may be commenced even for the portion of the claim for periodic payments for which the fixed due date is to arrive within six months, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 30, paragraph (1).
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第三節 金銭の支払を目的としない請求権についての強制執行
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Section 3 Judicial Enforcement for a Claim not Intended for Payment of Money
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(不動産の引渡し等の強制執行)
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(Judicial Enforcement of Delivery of Immovable Property)
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第百六十八条不動産等(不動産又は人の居住する船舶等をいう。以下この条及び次条において同じ。)の引渡し又は明渡しの強制執行は、執行官が債務者の不動産等に対する占有を解いて債権者にその占有を取得させる方法により行う。
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Article 168(1)The delivery or surrender of immovable property or a residence (meaning immovable property or a vessel or other space in which a person resides; hereinafter the same applies in this Article and in the following Article) is enforced by the court enforcement officer's removing the immovable property or a residence from the obligor's possession and having the obligee acquire possession of it.
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(2)If it is particularly necessary to identify the possessor of the immovable property or residence referred to in the preceding paragraph in order to carry out the enforcement referred to in the paragraph, the court enforcement officer may question a person who is present at that immovable property or residence or request that person to present documents, at the immovable property or residence or in a place adjacent to it.
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(5)In the judicial enforcement referred to in paragraph (1), a court enforcement officer must remove any movables that are not the subject matter of enforcement and deliver them to the obligor or their agent, a cohabiting relative, or an employee or other such worker who will exercise reasonable discretion.In this case, if it is not possible to deliver the movables to any of the persons, the court enforcement officer may sell those movables pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(6)If any part of the movables referred to in the preceding paragraph has not been delivered or sold under the provisions of the paragraph, a court enforcement officer must retain the part of the movables.In this case, the provisions of the second sentence of the preceding paragraph applies mutatis mutandis.
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(8)When a court enforcement officer has sold movables pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the second sentence of paragraph (6)), the officer must deduct the expenses required for the sale and retention from the proceeds of the sale and make a statutory deposit of the remainder.
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(明渡しの催告)
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(Demand for Surrender)
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第百六十八条の二執行官は、不動産等の引渡し又は明渡しの強制執行の申立てがあつた場合において、当該強制執行を開始することができるときは、次項に規定する引渡し期限を定めて、明渡しの催告(不動産等の引渡し又は明渡しの催告をいう。以下この条において同じ。)をすることができる。ただし、債務者が当該不動産等を占有していないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 168-2(1)If a petition to enforce the delivery or surrender of immovable property or a residence has been filed, and it is possible to commence enforcement, the court enforcement officer may request its surrender (meaning requesting the person to deliver or surrender the immovable property or residence; hereinafter the same applies in this Article), specifying the time limit for delivery prescribed in the following paragraph;provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligor does not have possession of immovable property or a residence.
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(2)The time limit for delivery (meaning the time limit for carrying out judicial enforcement under the provisions of paragraph (6) based on a demand for surrender; hereinafter the same applies in this Article) is the day on which one month has elapsed from the day on which the demand for surrender was made;provided, however, that a court enforcement officer may designate another date as the time limit for delivery by obtaining the permission of the enforcement court.
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(3)If the court enforcement officer requests the surrender of property, they must give public notice of that fact, the time limit for delivery, and the fact that the obligor is prohibited from transferring possession of the immovable property or residence pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5) by the method of posting a written public notice or any other sign at the place where the immovable property or residence is located.
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(4)Until the deadline for delivery passes, the court enforcement officer may extend the deadline for delivery with the permission of the enforcement court.In this case, the court enforcement officer must give public notice of the fact that the deadline for delivery has changed and the deadline for delivery after the change by posting a written public notice or any other type of sign at the place where the immovable property or a residence is located.
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(6)If possession of immovable property or a residence was transferred after a demand for surrender was made, until the time limit for delivery has been reached, judicial enforcement based on the petition referred to in paragraph (1) may be carried out against the possessor (meaning a person possessing the immovable property or residence referred to in paragraph (1) who is not the obligor; hereinafter the same applies in this Article).In this case, that possessor is deemed to be the obligor with regard to application of the provisions of Article 42 and the preceding Article.
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(7)If possession of immovable property or a residence is transferred after a request to surrender it is made, the possessor may file an action against the obligee calling for the court to disallow enforcement, on the basis that the possessor had no knowledge of a request for surrender of the property having been made and the possessor is not a successor to the obligor's possession.In this case, the provisions of Article 36, Article 37 and Article 38, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis.
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(9)When judicial enforcement has been carried out against a possessor pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (6), the possessor may assert, as the basis for filing an objection to an enforcement measure, that they possess the subject matter based on a title which may be duly asserted against the obligee or that they have no knowledge of a demand for surrender having been made and they are not a successor to the obligor's possession.
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(動産の引渡しの強制執行)
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(Judicial Enforcement of Delivery of Movables)
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第百六十九条第百六十八条第一項に規定する動産以外の動産(有価証券を含む。)の引渡しの強制執行は、執行官が債務者からこれを取り上げて債権者に引き渡す方法により行う。
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Article 169(1)Judicial enforcement of delivery of movables (including securities) other than the movables prescribed in Article 168, paragraph (1) is carried out by the method in which a court enforcement officer confiscates the movables from the obligor and delivers it to the obligee.
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(目的物を第三者が占有する場合の引渡しの強制執行)
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(Judicial Enforcement of Delivery If a Third Party Possesses the Subject Matter)
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第百七十条第三者が強制執行の目的物を占有している場合においてその物を債務者に引き渡すべき義務を負つているときは、物の引渡しの強制執行は、執行裁判所が、債務者の第三者に対する引渡請求権を差し押さえ、請求権の行使を債権者に許す旨の命令を発する方法により行う。
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Article 170(1)If a third party possesses the subject matter of judicial enforcement, if the third person is liable to deliver the object to the obligor, judicial enforcement of delivery of the object is carried out by the method in which the enforcement court seizes the obligor's claim for delivery against the third party and issues an order permitting the obligee to exercise the claim.
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(代替執行)
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(Enforcement Through Substituted Performance)
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第百七十一条次の各号に掲げる強制執行は、執行裁判所がそれぞれ当該各号に定める旨を命ずる方法により行う。
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Article 171(1)Enforcement as set forth in the following items is carried out by the enforcement court's issuing of the orders specified in those items:
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一作為を目的とする債務についての強制執行債務者の費用で第三者に当該作為をさせること。
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(i)judicial enforcement of an obligation to act:an order causing a third party to perform the action at the expense of the obligor; and
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二不作為を目的とする債務についての強制執行債務者の費用で、債務者がした行為の結果を除去し、又は将来のため適当な処分をすべきこと。
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(ii)judicial enforcement of an obligation not to act:an order directing the removal of the outcome of the action performed by the obligor, or an appropriate ruling against any future action, at the expense of the obligor.
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(間接強制)
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(Indirect Judicial Enforcement)
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第百七十二条作為又は不作為を目的とする債務で前条第一項の強制執行ができないものについての強制執行は、執行裁判所が、債務者に対し、遅延の期間に応じ、又は相当と認める一定の期間内に履行しないときは直ちに、債務の履行を確保するために相当と認める一定の額の金銭を債権者に支払うべき旨を命ずる方法により行う。
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Article 172(1)Judicial enforcement for an obligation to act or not to act but for which it is not possible to carry out the judicial enforcement referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is carried out by the enforcement court's ordering the obligor to pay to the obligee money of a fixed amount that it finds to be reasonable to ensure performance of the obligation, either based on the period of the delay, or immediately upon the obligor failing to perform the obligation within the fixed period that it finds to be reasonable.
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Article 173(1)The judicial enforcement prescribed in Article 168, paragraph (1), Article 169, paragraph (1), Article 170, paragraph (1) and Article 171, paragraph (1) is carried out pursuant to the provisions of Articles 168 through 171 respectively, and also, when a petition has been filed by the obligee, is carried out by the enforcement court by the method prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.In this case, the provisions of paragraphs (2) through (5) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis.
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(2)The enforcement court referred to in the preceding paragraph is, for the categories of the title of obligation set forth in the items of Article 33, paragraph (2) (excluding items (i)-2, (i)-3 and (iv)), the court with jurisdiction over an action to provide an attestation of enforceability with regard to the respective titles of obligation.
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(子の引渡しの強制執行)
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(Enforcing the Handover of a Child)
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第百七十四条子の引渡しの強制執行は、次の各号に掲げる方法のいずれかにより行う。
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Article 174(1)The handover of a child is enforced through the means set forth in the following items:
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一執行裁判所が決定により執行官に子の引渡しを実施させる方法
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(i)by the enforcement court's issuing a ruling to have a court enforcement officer implement the handover of the child; or
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二第百七十二条第一項に規定する方法
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(ii)by the means prescribed in Article 172, paragraph (1).
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一第百七十二条第一項の規定による決定が確定した日から二週間を経過したとき(当該決定において定められた債務を履行すべき一定の期間の経過がこれより後である場合にあつては、その期間を経過したとき)。
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(i)it has been two weeks since the day on which the order under Article 172, paragraph (1) has become final and binding (or until the expiration of the period in question, if the expiration of a fixed period to perform the obligations specified by the order comes after those two weeks have passed);
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二前項第二号に掲げる方法による強制執行を実施しても、債務者が子の監護を解く見込みがあるとは認められないとき。
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(ii)it is not found to be probable that the obligor will hand over care of the child even if enforcement is implemented by the means set forth in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph; or
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三子の急迫の危険を防止するため直ちに強制執行をする必要があるとき。
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(iii)it is necessary to immediately carry out enforcement in order to prevent imminent danger to the child.
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(3)The enforcement court must interrogate an obligor if it issues an order under paragraph (1), item (i);provided, however, that this does not apply if the child is in imminent danger or if there are other circumstances in which interrogating the obligor would make it impossible to achieve the purpose of enforcement.
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(執行官の権限等)
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(Authority of Court Enforcement Officers)
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第百七十五条執行官は、債務者による子の監護を解くために必要な行為として、債務者に対し説得を行うほか、債務者の住居その他債務者の占有する場所において、次に掲げる行為をすることができる。
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Article 175(1)In addition to attempting to persuade the obligor, as an act that needs to be performed in order to remove the child from the obligor's care, the court enforcement officer may perform the following acts in the residence of the obligor or any other place possessed by the obligor:
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一その場所に立ち入り、子を捜索すること。この場合において、必要があるときは、閉鎖した戸を開くため必要な処分をすること。
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(i)entering the place to search for the child. In such a case, if it is necessary, taking the necessary measures to open a closed or locked door;
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二債権者若しくはその代理人と子を面会させ、又は債権者若しくはその代理人と債務者を面会させること。
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(ii)having the obligee or their agent meet with the child or having the obligee or their agent meet with the obligor; and
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三その場所に債権者又はその代理人を立ち入らせること。
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(iii)having the obligee or their agent enter the place.
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(2)If, after considering the physical and psychological impact on the child, the lay of the place in question and its surroundings, and other such circumstances, the court enforcement officer finds it to be appropriate to do so, the officer may perform an act set forth in any of the items of the preceding paragraph as an act that needs to be performed in order to remove the child from the obligor's care, in a place other than as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, with the consent of the possessor of the place or with the permission under the following paragraph.
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(3)If the residence of the child is a place other than the place provided for in paragraph (1) and the enforcement court finds it to be appropriate to do so after taking into consideration the relationship between the obligor and the possessor of the place, the impact on the private life or business of the possessor, and other such circumstances, the enforcement court may give permission that substitutes for the consent of the possessor upon petition by the obligee.
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(6)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, even if the obligee cannot be present at the place prescribed in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2), if the enforcement court finds that having the obligee's agent present at that place in lieu of the obligee is sufficient to protect the interests of the child in light of the relationship between the agent and the child, the agent's knowledge and experience, and other such circumstances, the enforcement court, at the petition of the obligee, may issue an order indicating that the necessary acts to remove the child from the care of the obligor under the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) may also be performed if that agent is present at the place in question.
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(執行裁判所及び執行官の責務)
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(Responsibilities of Enforcement Courts and Court Enforcement Officers)
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第百七十六条執行裁判所及び執行官は、第百七十四条第一項第一号に掲げる方法による子の引渡しの強制執行の手続において子の引渡しを実現するに当たつては、子の年齢及び発達の程度その他の事情を踏まえ、できる限り、当該強制執行が子の心身に有害な影響を及ぼさないように配慮しなければならない。
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Article 176In bringing about a child handover in proceedings to enforce the handing over of the child by the means set forth in Article 174, paragraph (1), item (i), the enforcement court and court enforcement officer must give as much consideration as possible to preventing enforcement from physically or psychologically harming the child, taking into account the child's age and degree of development and other such circumstances.
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(意思表示の擬制)
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(Constructive Manifestations of Intention)
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第百七十七条意思表示をすべきことを債務者に命ずる判決その他の裁判が確定し、又は和解、認諾、調停若しくは労働審判に係る債務名義が成立したときは、債務者は、その確定又は成立の時に意思表示をしたものとみなす。ただし、債務者の意思表示が、債権者の証明すべき事実の到来に係るときは第二十七条第一項の規定により執行文が付与された時に、反対給付との引換え又は債務の履行その他の債務者の証明すべき事実のないことに係るときは次項又は第三項の規定により執行文が付与された時に意思表示をしたものとみなす。
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Article 177(1)When a judgment or any other judicial decision ordering the obligor to manifest their intention has become final and binding, or when a title of obligation related to a settlement, acknowledgment, mediation or labor tribunal decision has been established, the obligor is deemed to have manifested their intention at the time when the judicial decision became final and binding or the title of obligation was established;provided, however, that if the manifestation of intention by the obligor relates to actualization of a fact to be proved by an obligee, the obligor is deemed to have manifested their intention at the time when an attestation of enforceability was provided pursuant to the provisions of Article 27, paragraph (1), and if it relates to an exchange with counter-performance or relates to absence of a fact to be proved by the obligor such as performance of an obligation, the obligor is deemed to have manifested their intention at the time when an attestation of enforceability was provided pursuant to the provisions of the following paragraph or paragraph (3).
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(2)If the obligor's manifestation of intention is in exchange for counter-performance, an attestation of enforceability may be provided only when the obligee has submitted a document or electronic or magnetic record proving that the counter-performance has been provided or an offer thereof has been made.
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(3)If the obligor's manifestation of intention concerns something that is not a fact to be proved by the obligor and a petition for provision of an attestation of enforceability has been filed, a court clerk may demand that the obligor submit a document or electronic or magnetic record proving that fact, specifying a certain period for this, and may provide an attestation of enforceability only if the obligor fails to submit the document or electronic or magnetic record within that period.
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第三章 担保権の実行としての競売等
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Chapter III Auctioning Property as a Means of Enforcing a Security Interest
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(不動産担保権の実行の方法)
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(Means of Enforcing a Security Interest in Immovable Property)
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第百八十条不動産(登記することができない土地の定着物を除き、第四十三条第二項の規定により不動産とみなされるものを含む。以下この章において同じ。)を目的とする担保権(以下この章において「不動産担保権」という。)の実行は、次に掲げる方法であつて債権者が選択したものにより行う。
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Article 180Enforcement of a security interest in immovable property (excluding any fixtures on land that are not registrable, and including what are deemed to be immovable property pursuant to the provisions of Article 43, paragraph (2); hereinafter the same applies in this Chapter) (hereinafter referred to as a "security interest in immovable property" in this Chapter) is carried out by either of the following methods that has been chosen by the obligee:
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一担保不動産競売(競売による不動産担保権の実行をいう。以下この章において同じ。)の方法
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(i)the method of a secured immovable property auction (meaning enforcement of a security interest in immovable property through an auction; hereinafter the same applies in this Chapter); or
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二担保不動産収益執行(不動産から生ずる収益を被担保債権の弁済に充てる方法による不動産担保権の実行をいう。以下この章において同じ。)の方法
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(ii)the method of enforcement against earnings from secured immovable property (meaning enforcement of a security interest in immovable property by the method of allotting the earnings from immovable property to performance of the secured claim; hereinafter the same applies in this Chapter).
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(不動産担保権の実行の開始)
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(Commencing Enforcement of a Security Interest in Immovable Property)
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第百八十一条不動産担保権の実行は、第一号の申立て又は第二号の文書若しくは電磁的記録の提出があつたときに限り、開始する。
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Article 181(1)Enforcement of a security interest in immovable property is commenced only when a petition specified in item (i) or a document or electronic or magnetic record specified in item (ii) has been submitted:
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一担保権の登記(仮登記を除く。)がされた不動産についての不動産担保権の実行の申立て
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(i)a petition for enforcement of a security interest in immovable property regarding immovable property for which a security interest has been registered (excluding provisional registration); or
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二次に掲げるいずれかの文書又は電磁的記録
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(ii)any of the following documents or electronic or magnetic records:
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イ担保権の存在を証する確定判決若しくは家事事件手続法第七十五条の審判又はこれらと同一の効力を有するものの謄本又は記録事項証明書
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(a)a transcript or certificate of recorded information of a final and binding judgment, a ruling referred to in Article 75 of the Domestic Relations Case Procedure Act, or a document that has the same effect as that judgment or ruling, proving the existence of the security interest;
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ロ担保権の存在を証する公証人が作成した公証人法第四十三条第一項第一号の公正証書の謄本、同項第二号の書面(公正証書に記録されている事項の全部を出力したものに限る。)又は同項第三号の電磁的記録(公正証書に記録されている事項の全部を記録したものに限る。)
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(b)a transcript of a notarial deed referred to in Article 43, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Notary Act prepared by a notary, proving the existence of the security interest, a document referred to in item (ii) of that paragraph (limited to a document onto which all of the items recorded in the notarial deed have been output), or an electronic or magnetic record referred to in item (iii) of that paragraph (limited to a record in which all of the items recorded in the notarial deed have been recorded); or
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ハ一般の先取特権にあつては、その存在を証する文書又は電磁的記録
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(c)in the case of a general statutory lien, a document or electronic or magnetic record proving its existence.
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(3)In the case of filing a petition for enforcement of a security interest in immovable property after the security interest has been succeeded, a document or electronic or magnetic record proving that succession must be submitted if that succession is inheritance or any other general succession, and a transcript of a judicial decision or any other official document (if electronic or magnetic record is used to prepare the document, including that electronic or magnetic record) proving that succession must be submitted if that succession is that other than general succession.
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(4)When a commencement order for enforcement of a security interest in immovable property has been issued, the court clerk, at the time of servicing the commencement order, must send to the opposite party an electronic or magnetic record in which the matters set forth in the following items are recorded.In this case, if a document or electronic or magnetic record set forth in paragraph (1), item (ii), sub-item (c) is submitted upon the filing of a petition for enforcement of a security interest in immovable property, an electronic or magnetic record relating to the matters stated or recorded in the document or electronic or magnetic record that are recorded in a file must also be sent to the opposite party.
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一第一項第一号の申立てがあつた旨の表示又は不動産担保権の実行の申立てにおいて提出された同項第二号に掲げる文書若しくは電磁的記録の標目
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(i)an indication to the effect that a petition referred to in paragraph (1), item (i) was filed or a list of documents or electronic or magnetic records set forth in item (ii) of that paragraph that were submitted upon the filing of a petition for enforcement of a security interest in immovable property; and
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二不動産担保権の実行の申立てにおいて提出された前二項に規定する文書又は電磁的記録の標目
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(ii)a list of the documents or electronic or magnetic records prescribed in preceding two paragraphs that were submitted upon the filing of a petition for enforcement of a security interest in immovable property.
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(開始決定に対する執行抗告等)
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(Appeal Against a Commencement Order)
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第百八十二条不動産担保権の実行の開始決定に対する執行抗告又は執行異議の申立てにおいては、債務者又は不動産の所有者(不動産とみなされるものにあつては、その権利者。以下同じ。)は、担保権の不存在又は消滅を理由とすることができる。
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Article 182The obligor or the owner of immovable property (or, for what is deemed to be immovable property, its right holder; the same applies hereinafter) may assert the absence or extinguishment of the security interest as the basis for filing an appeal against or objection to a commencement order for enforcement of a security interest in immovable property.
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(不動産担保権の実行の手続の停止)
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(Stay of the Procedure of Enforcement of a Security Interest in Immovable Property)
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第百八十三条不動産担保権の実行の手続は、第一号の申立て又は第二号の文書(同号ハにあつては、文書又は電磁的記録)の提出があつたときは、停止しなければならない。
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Article 183(1)The procedure of enforcement of a security interest in immovable property must be stayed when a petition referred to in item (i) or document referred to in item (ii) (in the case of sub-item (c) of that item, a document or electronic or magnetic record) has been submitted:
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一担保権の登記の抹消がされた不動産についての不動産担保権の実行の手続の停止の申立て
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(i)a petition for a stay of the procedure of enforcement of a security interest in immovable property for which registration of the security interest was cancelled;
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二次に掲げるいずれかの文書(ハにあつては、文書又は電磁的記録)
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(ii)any of the following documents (in the case of sub-item (c), a document or electronic or magnetic record):
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イ担保権のないことを証する確定判決(確定判決と同一の効力を有するものを含む。ロにおいて同じ。)の謄本又は記録事項証明書
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(a)a transcript or certificate of recorded information of a final and binding judgment (including a document that has the same effect as a final and binding judgment; the same applies in sub-item (b)) proving absence of the security interest;
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ロ第百八十一条第一項第一号の登記を抹消すべき旨を命じ、又は同項第二号イに掲げる裁判若しくはこれと同一の効力を有するものを取り消し、若しくはその効力がないことを宣言する確定判決の謄本又は記録事項証明書
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(b)a transcript or certificate of recorded information of a final and binding judgment, which orders cancellation of the registration set forth in Article 181, paragraph (1), item (i) or sets aside or declares invalid the judicial decision set forth in item (ii), sub-item (a) of that paragraph or a document that has the same effect as that judicial decision;
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ハ担保権の実行をしない旨、その実行の申立てを取り下げる旨又は債権者が担保権によつて担保される債権の弁済を受け、若しくはその債権の弁済の猶予をした旨を記載した裁判上の和解の調書その他の公文書の謄本(公文書が電磁的記録をもつて作成されている場合にあつては、当該電磁的記録に記録されている事項の全部を記録した電磁的記録)
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(c)a transcript of a record of a judicial settlement or any other official document containing a statement to the effect that the security interest is not to be exercised, the petition for enforcement of the security interest is withdrawn, the obligee has received performance of the claim secured by the security interest, or has granted a grace period for the claim (if the official document has been prepared in the form of an electronic or magnetic record, an electronic or magnetic record in which all of the matters recorded in that electronic or magnetic record are recorded);
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ニ不動産担保権の実行の手続の停止及び執行処分の取消しを命ずる旨を記載した裁判の謄本又は記録事項証明書
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(d)a transcript or certificate of recorded information of a judicial decision ordering a stay of procedures for enforcing a security interest in immovable property and the voidance of an enforcement measure;
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ホ不動産担保権の実行の手続の一時の停止を命ずる旨を記載した裁判の謄本又は記録事項証明書
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(e)a transcript or certificate of recorded information of a judicial decision ordering a temporary stay of procedures for enforcing a security interest in immovable property; and
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ヘ担保権の実行を一時禁止する裁判の謄本又は記録事項証明書
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(f)a transcript or certificate of recorded information of a judicial decision temporarily prohibiting enforcement of the security interest.
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(代金の納付による不動産取得の効果)
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(Effects of Acquisition of Immovable Property Through Payment of the Price)
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第百八十四条担保不動産競売における代金の納付による買受人の不動産の取得は、担保権の不存在又は消滅により妨げられない。
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Article 184Acquisition of immovable property by the purchaser through payment of the price in a secured immovable property auction does not be obstructed by absence or extinguishment of the security interest.
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(担保不動産競売の開始決定前の保全処分等)
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(Provisional Orders Prior to Orders Commencing Sale-at-Auction Proceedings for Secured Immovable Property)
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第百八十七条執行裁判所は、担保不動産競売の開始決定前であつても、債務者又は不動産の所有者若しくは占有者が価格減少行為(第五十五条第一項に規定する価格減少行為をいう。以下この項において同じ。)をする場合において、特に必要があるときは、当該不動産につき担保不動産競売の申立てをしようとする者の申立てにより、買受人が代金を納付するまでの間、同条第一項各号に掲げる保全処分又は公示保全処分を命ずることができる。ただし、当該価格減少行為による価格の減少又はそのおそれの程度が軽微であるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 187(1)Even prior to an order commencing sale-at-auction proceedings for secured immovable property, if it is particularly necessary if the obligor or the owner or possessor of immovable property has committed a price reducing act (meaning the price reducing act prescribed in Article 55, paragraph (1); hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph), the enforcement court, upon petition by a person seeking to file a petition for a sale-at-auction of the relevant secured immovable property, may establish the provisional order set forth in any of the items of paragraph (1) of that Article and the provisional order to post a public notice set forth in those items, until the purchaser pays the price;provided, however, that this does not apply when the reduction in the price caused by the price reducing act or the extent of the likelihood is slight.
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一前項の債務者又は同項の不動産の所有者が当該不動産を占有する場合
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(i)cases where the obligor referred to in the preceding paragraph or the owner of the immovable property referred to in the paragraph possesses the immovable property; or
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二前項の不動産の占有者の占有の権原が同項の規定による申立てをした者に対抗することができない場合
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(ii)cases where the title to possession held by the possessor of the immovable property referred to in the preceding paragraph may not be duly asserted against a person who has filed a petition under the provisions of the paragraph.
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(3)In order to file a petition under the provisions of paragraph (1), the documents to be submitted pursuant to the provisions of Article 181, paragraphs (1) (excluding item (i)), paragraph (2), or paragraph (3) in cases of filing a petition for a sale-at-auction of secured immovable property must be presented or an electronic or magnetic record to be submitted pursuant to these provisions must be submitted, except cases where a security interest regarding immovable property referred to in paragraph (1) has been registered (excluding provisional registration).
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(4)When a petitioner fails to submit a document or electronic or magnetic record proving that the petitioner has filed a petition for the sale-at-auction of secured immovable property referred to in paragraph (1) within three months from the day of receipt of the notice of an order granting the provisional order referred to in that paragraph, the enforcement court must set aside the order, upon petition by the respondent or the owner of the immovable property referred to in the paragraph.
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5第五十五条第三項から第五項までの規定は第一項の規定による決定について、同条第六項の規定は第一項又はこの項において準用する同条第五項の申立てについての裁判について、同条第七項の規定はこの項において準用する同条第五項の規定による決定について、同条第八項及び第九項並びに第五十五条の二の規定は第一項の規定による決定(第五十五条第一項第一号に掲げる保全処分又は公示保全処分を命ずるものを除く。)について、第五十五条第十項の規定は第一項の申立て又は同項の規定による決定(同条第一項第一号に掲げる保全処分又は公示保全処分を命ずるものを除く。)の執行に要した費用について、第八十三条の二の規定は第一項の規定による決定(第五十五条第一項第三号に掲げる保全処分及び公示保全処分を命ずるものに限る。)の執行がされた場合について準用する。この場合において、第五十五条第三項中「債務者以外の占有者」とあるのは、「債務者及び不動産の所有者以外の占有者」と読み替えるものとする。
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(5)The provisions of Article 55, paragraph (3) through (5) apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the provisions of paragraph (1), the provisions of paragraph (6) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis to a judicial decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1) or in paragraph (5) of that Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (7) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis to a ruling under the provisions of paragraph (5) of that Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (8) and paragraph (9) of that Article and Article 55-2 apply mutatis mutandis to a ruling under the provisions of paragraph (1) (excluding a ruling establishing the provisional order referred to in Article 55, paragraph (1), item (i) or the provisional order to post a public notice set forth in that item), the provisions of Article 55, paragraph (10) apply mutatis mutandis to expenses required for the petition referred to in paragraph (1) or carrying out a ruling under the provisions of that paragraph (excluding a ruling establishing the provisional order set forth in paragraph (1), item (i) of that Article or the provisional order to post a public notice set forth in that item), the provisions of Article 83-2 apply mutatis mutandis to the case where a ruling under the provisions of paragraph (1) (limited to a ruling establishing the provisional order set forth in Article 55, paragraph (1), item (iii) and the provisional order to post a public notice set forth in that item) has been carried out.In this case, the phrase "possessor other than the obligor" in Article 55, paragraph (3) is deemed to be replaced with "possessor who is neither the obligor nor the owner of the immovable property".
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(不動産執行の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions on Enforcement Against Immovable Property)
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第百八十八条第四十四条の規定は不動産担保権の実行について、前章第二節第一款第二目(第八十一条を除く。)の規定は担保不動産競売について、同款第三目の規定は担保不動産収益執行について準用する。
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Article 188The provisions of Article 44 apply mutatis mutandis to the enforcement of a security interest in immovable property, the provisions of Section 2, Subsection 1, Division 2 of the preceding Chapter (excluding Article 81) apply mutatis mutandis to a sale-at-auction of secured immovable property, and the provisions of Division 3 of the Subsection apply mutatis mutandis to enforcement against earnings from secured immovable property.
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(船舶の競売)
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(Auction of a Vessel)
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第百八十九条前章第二節第二款及び第百八十一条から第百八十四条までの規定は、船舶を目的とする担保権の実行としての競売について準用する。この場合において、第百十五条第三項中「執行力のある債務名義の正本を提示し、かつ、同項に規定する事由を疎明しなければ」とあるのは「同項に規定する事由を疎明し、かつ、担保権の登記(仮登記を除く。)がされている場合を除き、第百八十九条において準用する第百八十一条第一項(第一号を除く。)、第二項若しくは第三項の規定により提出すべき文書を提示し、又はこれらの規定により提出すべき電磁的記録を提出しなければ」と、第百八十一条第一項第二号ハ中「一般の先取特権」とあるのは「先取特権」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 189The provisions of Section 2, Subsection 2 of the preceding Chapter and Articles 181 through 184 apply mutatis mutandis to the auctioning of property as a means of enforcing a security interest in a vessel.In this case, the phrase "present an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation and make a prima facie showing of the grounds prescribed in that paragraph" in Article 115, paragraph (3) is deemed to be replaced with "present any of the documents to be submitted pursuant to the provisions of Article 181, paragraph (1) (excluding item (i)), paragraph (2), or paragraph (3) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 189 or submit electronic or magnetic records to be submitted pursuant to these provisions, except in the cases where a prima facie showing of the grounds prescribed in that paragraph is made and a security interest has been registered (excluding provisional registration)," and the term "a general statutory lien" in Article 181, paragraph (1), item (ii), sub-item (c) is deemed to be replaced with "a statutory lien."
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(動産競売の要件)
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(Requirements for an Auction of Movables)
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第百九十条動産を目的とする担保権の実行としての競売(以下「動産競売」という。)は、次に掲げる場合に限り、開始する。
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Article 190(1)The auctioning of movables as a means of enforcing a security interest (hereinafter referred to as an "auction of movables") is commenced only in any of the following cases:
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一債権者が執行官に対し当該動産を提出した場合
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(i)cases where the obligee has submitted the movables to a court enforcement officer;
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二債権者が執行官に対し当該動産の占有者が差押えを承諾することを証する文書又は電磁的記録を提出した場合
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(ii)cases where the obligee has submitted to a court enforcement officer a document or electronic or magnetic record proving that the possessor of the movables has consented to a seizure; or
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三債権者が執行官に対し次項の許可の決定書の謄本又は電子決定書(第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第百二十二条において準用する同法第二百五十三条第二項の規定によりファイルに記録されたものに限る。)の記録事項証明書を提出し、かつ、第百九十二条において準用する第百二十三条第二項の規定による捜索に先立つて又はこれと同時に当該許可の決定が債務者に送達された場合
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(iii)cases where the obligee has submitted a transcript of a written ruling or certificate of recorded information of the electronic ruling (limited to a ruling that has been recorded in a file pursuant to the provisions of Article 253, paragraph (2) of the Code of Civil Procedure applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 122 of that Code applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 of that Code) for the permission referred to in the following paragraph to a court enforcement officer, and that ruling has been served on the obligor prior to or simultaneously with a search under the provisions of Article 123, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 192.
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(2)An enforcement court may, upon petition by an obligee who has submitted a document or electronic or magnetic record proving the existence of a security interest, permit commencement of an auction of movables in connection with that security interest;provided, however, that this does not apply to cases where the movables do not exist at the place or in the container prescribed in Article 123, paragraph (2).
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(動産の差押えに対する執行異議)
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(Objecting to a Seizure of Movables)
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第百九十一条動産競売に係る差押えに対する執行異議の申立てにおいては、債務者又は動産の所有者は、担保権の不存在若しくは消滅又は担保権によつて担保される債権の一部の消滅を理由とすることができる。
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Article 191The obligor or the owner of movables may assert the absence or extinguishment of the security interest or the extinguishment of part of the claim secured by the security interest as the basis for filing an objection to a seizure connected with an auction of movables.
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(動産執行の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions on Enforcement Against Movables)
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第百九十二条前章第二節第三款(第百二十三条第二項、第百二十八条、第百三十一条及び第百三十二条を除く。)及び第百八十三条の規定は動産競売について、第百二十八条、第百三十一条及び第百三十二条の規定は一般の先取特権の実行としての動産競売について、第百二十三条第二項の規定は第百九十条第一項第三号に掲げる場合における動産競売について準用する。
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Article 192The provisions of Section 2, Subsection 3 of the preceding Chapter (excluding Article 123, paragraph (2), Article 128, Article 131 and Article 132) and Article 183 apply mutatis mutandis to an auction of movables, the provisions of Article 128, Article 131 and Article 132 apply mutatis mutandis to the auctioning of movables for exercise of a general statutory lien, and the provisions of Article 123, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to an auction of movables in the case referred to in Article 190, paragraph (1), item (iii).
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(債権及びその他の財産権についての担保権の実行の要件等)
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(Requirements for Enforcing a Security Interest in a Claim or any Other Property Right)
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第百九十三条第百四十三条に規定する債権及び第百六十七条第一項に規定する財産権(以下この項において「その他の財産権」という。)を目的とする担保権の実行は、担保権の存在を証する文書又は電磁的記録が提出されたとき(権利の移転について登記等を要するその他の財産権を目的とする担保権で一般の先取特権以外のものについては、担保権の登記等(仮登記又は仮登録を除く。)がされている場合においてその担保権の実行の申立てがあつたとき又は第百八十一条第一項第二号イ若しくはロ、第二項若しくは第三項に規定する文書若しくは電磁的記録が提出されたとき)に限り、開始する。担保権を有する者が目的物の売却、賃貸、滅失若しくは損傷又は目的物に対する物権の設定若しくは土地収用法(昭和二十六年法律第二百十九号)による収用その他の行政処分により債務者が受けるべき金銭その他の物に対して民法その他の法律の規定によつてするその権利の行使についても、同様とする。
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Article 193(1)Enforcement of a security interest in the claim prescribed in Article 143 or the property right prescribed in Article 167, paragraph (1) (hereinafter referred to as "any other property right" in this paragraph) is commenced only when a document or electronic or magnetic record proving the existence of the security interest (or, for a security interest in any other property right for which registration is required in the case of transfer of the right and which is not a general statutory lien, if the security interest has been registered, etc. (excluding provisional registration) when a petition for enforcement of a security interest has been filed or a document or electronic or magnetic record prescribed in Article 181, paragraph (1), item (ii), sub-items (a) or (b) or paragraph (2) or (3) has been submitted). The same applies to the exercise of a security interest by a person having a security interest, conducted pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Code or any other Act against money or any other property to be received by the obligor as a result of a sale, lease or loss of or damage to the subject matter, establishment of a real right on the subject matter, or expropriation under the Land Expropriation Act (Act No. 219 of 1951) or any other administrative disposition.
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(2)The provisions of Section 2, Subsection 4, Division 1 of the preceding Chapter (excluding Article 146, paragraph (2), Article 152 and Article 153) and Articles 182 through 184 apply mutatis mutandis to the enforcement or exercise of a security interest prescribed in the preceding paragraph, and the provisions of Article 146, paragraph (2), Article 152 and Article 153 apply mutatis mutandis to the enforcement or exercise of a general statutory lien prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
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(担保権の実行についての強制執行の総則規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the General Provisions on Judicial Enforcement to Enforcement of a Security Interest)
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第百九十四条第三十八条、第四十一条及び第四十二条の規定は、担保権の実行としての競売、担保不動産収益執行並びに前条第一項に規定する担保権の実行及び行使について準用する。
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Article 194The provisions of Article 38, Article 41 and Article 42 apply mutatis mutandis to the auctioning of property as a means of enforcing a security interest, enforcement against earnings from secured immovable property and the enforcement and exercise of a security interest prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.
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(Auction Based on a Right of Retention and Auction for a Realization under the Provisions of the Civil Code, the Commercial Code or any Other Act)
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Article 195An auction based on a right of retention and an auction for a realization under the provisions of the Civil Code, the Commercial Code or any Other Act is governed by the rules on the auctioning of property as a means of enforcing a security interest.
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第四章 債務者の財産状況の調査
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Chapter IV Investigation of Obligor's Financial Status
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第一節 財産開示手続
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Section 1 Asset Disclosure Procedures
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(管轄)
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(Jurisdiction)
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第百九十六条この節の規定による債務者の財産の開示に関する手続(以下「財産開示手続」という。)については、債務者の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が、執行裁判所として管轄する。
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Article 196The district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the general venue of the obligor has jurisdiction over the procedure concerning disclosure of property of an obligor under the provisions of this Section (hereinafter referred to as the "asset disclosure procedure") as the enforcement court.
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(実施決定)
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(Order of Implementation)
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第百九十七条執行裁判所は、次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、執行力のある債務名義の正本を有する金銭債権の債権者の申立てにより、債務者について、財産開示手続を実施する旨の決定をしなければならない。ただし、当該執行力のある債務名義の正本に基づく強制執行を開始することができないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 197(1)An enforcement court, when either of the following items applies, must order implementation of an asset disclosure procedure against an obligor, upon petition by an obligee of a monetary claim who has an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation;provided, however, that this does not apply when it is not possible to commence judicial enforcement based on the authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation:
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一強制執行又は担保権の実行における配当等の手続(申立ての日より六月以上前に終了したものを除く。)において、申立人が当該金銭債権の完全な弁済を得ることができなかつたとき。
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(i)when the petitioner was unable to obtain full performance of that monetary claim in the procedure of distribution or payment (excluding a procedure that was terminated by at least six months prior to the day of filing the petition) in judicial enforcement or enforcement of a security interest; or
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二知れている財産に対する強制執行を実施しても、申立人が当該金銭債権の完全な弁済を得られないことの疎明があつたとき。
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(ii)when a prima facie showing was made that the petitioner is unable to obtain full performance of the relevant monetary claim even by implementing judicial enforcement against known property.
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(2)An enforcement court must, when either of the following items applies, order implementation of an asset disclosure procedure against an obligor, upon petition by an obligee who has submitted a document or electronic or magnetic record proving that the obligee has a general statutory lien in the property of the obligor:
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一強制執行又は担保権の実行における配当等の手続(申立ての日より六月以上前に終了したものを除く。)において、申立人が当該先取特権の被担保債権の完全な弁済を得ることができなかつたとき。
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(i)when the petitioner was unable to obtain full performance of the secured claim related to the statutory lien in the procedure of distribution or payment (excluding a procedure that was terminated by at least six months prior to the day of filing the petition) in judicial enforcement or enforcement of a security interest; or
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二知れている財産に対する担保権の実行を実施しても、申立人が前号の被担保債権の完全な弁済を得られないことの疎明があつたとき。
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(ii)when a prima facie showing was made that the petitioner is unable to obtain full performance of the secured claim referred to in the preceding item even by implementing the enforcement of a security interest against known property.
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(3)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, when the obligor (or, if the obligor has a statutory agent, the statutory agent, and if the obligor is a corporation, its representative person; the same applies in item (i)) has made a statement on their property on the asset disclosure date (the date on which asset is to be disclosed; the same applies hereinafter) within three years prior to the day of filing the petition referred to in the preceding two paragraphs, an order to implement an asset disclosure procedure may not be issued;provided, however, that this does not apply if any ground of the following items exist:
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一債務者が当該財産開示期日において一部の財産を開示しなかつたとき。
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(i)if the obligor failed to disclose part of their property on the relevant asset disclosure date;
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二債務者が当該財産開示期日の後に新たに財産を取得したとき。
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(ii)if the obligor acquired new property after the relevant asset disclosure date; or
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三当該財産開示期日の後に債務者と使用者との雇用関係が終了したとき。
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(iii)if the employment relationship between the obligor and their employer was terminated after the relevant asset disclosure date.
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(4)When the order referred to in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) has been issued, the relevant order (or, for the order referred to in the paragraph, the order and a copy of the document referred to in the paragraph or an electronic or magnetic record in which all of the matters recorded in the electronic or magnetic record referred to in the paragraph has been recorded) must be served upon the obligor.
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(期日指定及び期日の呼出し)
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(Designation of the Date and Summons for the Date)
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第百九十八条執行裁判所は、前条第一項又は第二項の決定が確定したときは、財産開示期日を指定しなければならない。
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Article 198(1)An enforcement court must designate the asset disclosure date when the order referred to in paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the preceding Article has become final and binding.
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一申立人
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(i)the petitioner;
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二債務者(債務者に法定代理人がある場合にあつては当該法定代理人、債務者が法人である場合にあつてはその代表者)
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(ii)the obligor (or, if the obligor has a statutory agent, the statutory agent, and if the obligor is a corporation, its representative person).
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(財産開示期日)
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(Asset Disclosure Date)
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第百九十九条開示義務者(前条第二項第二号に掲げる者をいう。以下同じ。)は、財産開示期日に出頭し、債務者の財産(第百三十一条第一号又は第二号に掲げる動産を除く。)について陳述しなければならない。
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Article 199(1)A person obliged to disclose (meaning the person set forth in paragraph (2), item (ii) of the preceding Article; the same applies hereinafter) must appear on the asset disclosure date and make a statement on the property (excluding the movables set forth in Article 131, item (i) or (ii)) of the obligor.
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(2)The statement referred to in the preceding paragraph must clearly indicate the matters necessary for filing a petition for judicial enforcement under the provisions of Chapter II, Section 2 or enforcement of a security interest under the provisions of the preceding Chapter and other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as those required to be disclosed to the petitioner, with regard to the property subject to the statement.
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(7)The provisions of Article 195 and Article 206 of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of the preceding paragraphs, and the provisions of Article 201, paragraphs (1) and (2) of that Act apply mutatis mutandis to a person obliged to disclose.
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(音声の送受信による通話の方法による財産開示期日)
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(Asset Disclosure Date Through Communication by Audio Transmission)
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第百九十九条の二執行裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、執行裁判所並びに申立人及び開示義務者が音声の送受信により同時に通話をすることができる方法によつて、財産開示期日における手続を行うことができる。
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Article 199-2(1)If an enforcement court finds it to be reasonable, the enforcement court may perform procedures on an asset disclosure date by a method of communication that enables the enforcement court, the petitioner and the person obliged to disclose to simultaneously communicate with one another by audio transmission pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court.
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(映像等の送受信による通話の方法による開示義務者の陳述)
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(Statement of Person Obliged to Disclose Through Communication by Audio and Visual Transmission)
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第百九十九条の三執行裁判所は、次に掲げる場合であつて、相当と認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によつて、開示義務者に第百九十九条第一項の規定による陳述をさせることができる。
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Article 199-3In the cases set forth below, if an enforcement court finds it to be reasonable, the enforcement court may cause a person obliged to disclose to make the statement under the provisions of Article 199, paragraph (1) by a method of communication that enables mutual communication with an awareness of one another's state of being, through audio and visual transmissions, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court:
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一開示義務者の住所、年齢又は心身の状態その他の事情により、開示義務者が執行裁判所に出頭することが困難であると認める場合
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(i)cases where the enforcement court determines that it would be difficult for the person obliged to disclose to appear before the enforcement court due to the domicile, age, mental or physical state, or any other circumstances of the person obliged to disclose;
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二事案の性質、開示義務者の年齢又は心身の状態、開示義務者と申立人本人又はその法定代理人との関係その他の事情により、開示義務者が執行裁判所及び申立人が在席する場所において陳述するときは圧迫を受け精神の平穏を著しく害されるおそれがあると認める場合
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(ii)cases where the enforcement court determines that, due to the nature of the case, the age or mental or physical state of the person obliged to disclose, the relationship between the person obliged to disclose and the petitioner or the petitioner's statutory representative, or any other circumstances, there is a risk of the person obliged to disclose being under pressure or the peace of mind of the person obliged to disclose may be significantly injured if the person obliged to disclose makes a statement at the place where the enforcement court and petitioner are present; and
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三申立人に異議がない場合
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(iii)cases where the petitioner has no objection.
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(陳述義務の一部の免除)
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(Partial Exemption from the Obligation of Statement)
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第二百条財産開示期日において債務者の財産の一部を開示した開示義務者は、申立人の同意がある場合又は当該開示によつて第百九十七条第一項の金銭債権若しくは同条第二項各号の被担保債権の完全な弁済に支障がなくなつたことが明らかである場合において、執行裁判所の許可を受けたときは、第百九十九条第一項の規定にかかわらず、その余の財産について陳述することを要しない。
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Article 200(1)Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 199, paragraph (1), a person obliged to disclose who has disclosed part of the property of the obligor on the asset disclosure date is not required to make a statement on the remaining property, if the permission of the enforcement court has been obtained, if the consent of the petitioner has been obtained or if it is obvious that the hindrance to full performance of the monetary claim referred to in Article 197, paragraph (1) or the secured claim referred to in the items of paragraph (2) of the Article has been eliminated through the disclosure.
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(財産開示事件の記録の閲覧等の制限)
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(Restriction on Inspection of the Record of an Asset Disclosure Case)
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第二百一条財産開示事件の記録中財産開示期日に関する部分についての第十七条第一項の規定、同条第二項において準用する民事訴訟法第九十一条第四項の規定並びに第十七条の二第一項から第三項まで及び第十七条の三の規定による請求は、次に掲げる者に限り、することができる。
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Article 201Only the following persons may make a request under the provisions of Article 17, paragraph (1), the provisions of Article 91, paragraph (4) of the Code of Civil Procedure applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 17, paragraph (2), and the provisions of Article 17-2, paragraphs (1) through (3) and Article 17-3 for the portion of the record of an asset disclosure case that relates to the asset disclosure date:
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一申立人
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(i)the petitioner;
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二債務者に対する金銭債権について執行力のある債務名義の正本を有する債権者
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(ii)an obligee who has an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation for a monetary claim against the obligor;
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三債務者の財産について一般の先取特権を有することを証する文書又は電磁的記録を提出した債権者
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(iii)an obligee who has submitted a document or electronic or magnetic record proving that the obligee has a general statutory lien in the property of the obligor; or
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四債務者又は開示義務者
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(iv)the obligor or the person obliged to disclose.
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(財産開示事件に関する情報の目的外利用の制限)
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(Restriction on Use of Information on an Asset Disclosure Case for an Unintended Purpose)
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第二百二条申立人は、財産開示手続において得られた債務者の財産又は債務に関する情報を、当該債務者に対する債権をその本旨に従つて行使する目的以外の目的のために利用し、又は提供してはならない。
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Article 202(1)A petitioner must not use or provide information on the property or obligation of the obligor, which has been obtained in an asset disclosure procedure, for a purpose other than for exercising the claim against the obligor according to its main objective.
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(2)The person set forth in item (ii) or item (iii) of the preceding Article, who has obtained information on the portion of the record of an asset disclosure case that relates to the asset disclosure date, must not use or provide the relevant information for a purpose other than for exercising the claim against the obligor of the relevant asset disclosure case according to its main objective.
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(強制執行及び担保権の実行の規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions on Judicial Enforcement and Enforcement of a Security Interest)
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第二百三条第三十九条及び第四十条の規定は執行力のある債務名義の正本に基づく財産開示手続について、第四十二条(第二項を除く。)の規定は財産開示手続について、第百八十二条及び第百八十三条の規定は一般の先取特権に基づく財産開示手続について準用する。
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Article 203The provisions of Article 39 and Article 40 apply mutatis mutandis to an asset disclosure procedure based on an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation, the provisions of Article 42 (excluding paragraph (2)) apply mutatis mutandis to an asset disclosure procedure, and the provisions of Article 182 and Article 183 apply mutatis mutandis to an asset disclosure procedure based on a general statutory lien.
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第二節 第三者からの情報取得手続
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Section 2 Procedures for Acquiring Information from Third Parties
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(管轄)
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(Jurisdiction)
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第二百四条この節の規定による債務者の財産に係る情報の取得に関する手続(以下「第三者からの情報取得手続」という。)については、債務者の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が、この普通裁判籍がないときはこの節の規定により情報の提供を命じられるべき者の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が、執行裁判所として管轄する。
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Article 204With regards to procedures on acquisition of information related to property of an obligor under this section (hereinafter referred to as "procedures for acquiring information from a third party"), a district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the general venue of the obligor: or if there is no general venue, a district court having jurisdiction in the locality of a person who should be ordered to provide information under this section, has jurisdiction over the procedure as an enforcement court.
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(債務者の不動産に係る情報の取得)
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(Acquisition of Information Related to Immovable Property of Obligor)
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第二百五条執行裁判所は、次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、それぞれ当該各号に定める者の申立てにより、法務省令で定める登記所に対し、債務者が所有権の登記名義人である土地又は建物その他これらに準ずるものとして法務省令で定めるものに対する強制執行又は担保権の実行の申立てをするのに必要となる事項として最高裁判所規則で定めるものについて情報の提供をすべき旨を命じなければならない。ただし、第一号に掲げる場合において、同号に規定する執行力のある債務名義の正本に基づく強制執行を開始することができないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 205(1)When any of the following items applies, an enforcement court must, upon a petition of a person provided by the item, order a registry specified by Ministry of Justice Order to provide information about matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court which is necessary for a petition for judicial enforcement or enforcement of a security interest to lands or buildings whose registered right holder of ownership is an obligor and matters specified by Ministry of Justice Order as being equivalent to these;provided, however, that this does not apply when it is not possible to commence judicial enforcement based on an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation under the item (i) in the cases set forth in the item:
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一第百九十七条第一項各号のいずれかに該当する場合執行力のある債務名義の正本を有する金銭債権の債権者
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(i)cases where any of the items of Article 197, paragraph (1) apply:Obligee of a monetary claim who has an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation; or
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二第百九十七条第二項各号のいずれかに該当する場合債務者の財産について一般の先取特権を有することを証する文書又は電磁的記録を提出した債権者
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(ii)cases where any of the items of Article 197, paragraph (2) apply:Obligee who has provided a document or electronic or magnetic record proving that it has general statutory lien in the property of the obligor
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(2)Where procedures on the asset disclosure date were implemented (excluding the case where the permission of Article 200, paragraph (1) was given in an asset disclosure procedure related to the asset disclosure date), the petition of the preceding paragraph may be filed only within three years from the asset disclosure date.
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(3)When an order upholding the petition of paragraph (1) was issued, the order (in the case of item (ii) of that paragraph, the order and a copy of the document under that item or an electronic or magnetic record in which all of the matters recorded in the electronic or magnetic record prescribed in that item has been recorded) must be served to the obligor.
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(債務者の給与債権に係る情報の取得)
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(Acquisition of Information Related to Salary Claim of Obligor)
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第二百六条執行裁判所は、第百九十七条第一項各号のいずれかに該当するときは、第百五十一条の二第一項各号に掲げる義務に係る請求権又は人の生命若しくは身体の侵害による損害賠償請求権について執行力のある債務名義の正本を有する債権者の申立てにより、次の各号に掲げる者であつて最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより当該債権者が選択したものに対し、それぞれ当該各号に定める事項について情報の提供をすべき旨を命じなければならない。ただし、当該執行力のある債務名義の正本に基づく強制執行を開始することができないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 206(1)When any of the items of Article 197, paragraph (1) apply, an enforcement court must, upon a petition of an obligee having an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation on a claim related to the obligations set forth in the items of Article 151-2, paragraph (1) or a right to demand compensation for damages for infringement on human life or body, order a person set forth in the following items whom the obligee selected pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, to provide information about matters provided in the items;provided, however, that this does not apply when it is not possible to commence judicial enforcement based on the enforceable authenticated copy of the title of obligation:
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一市町村(特別区を含む。以下この号において同じ)債務者が支払を受ける地方税法(昭和二十五年法律第二百二十六号)第三百十七条の二第一項ただし書に規定する給与に係る債権に対する強制執行又は担保権の実行の申立てをするのに必要となる事項として最高裁判所規則で定めるもの(当該市町村が債務者の市町村民税(特別区民税を含む。)に係る事務に関して知り得たものに限る。)
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(i)municipality (including special wards; hereinafter the same applies in this item):Matters provided by the Rules of the Supreme Court as matters necessary to file a petition for judicial enforcement or enforcement of a security interest under the provisions of the proviso to Article 317-2, paragraph (1) of the Local Tax Act (Act No. 226 of 1950) for a claim to salaries which the obligor receives (they are limited to matters which the municipality learned in affairs related to prefectural inhabitants tax (including special ward inhabitants tax) of the obligor.); or
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二日本年金機構、国家公務員共済組合、国家公務員共済組合連合会、地方公務員共済組合、全国市町村職員共済組合連合会又は日本私立学校振興・共済事業団債務者(厚生年金保険の被保険者であるものに限る。以下、この号において同じ。)が支払を受ける厚生年金保険法(昭和二十九年法律第百十五号)第三条第一項第三号に規定する報酬又は同項第四号に規定する賞与に係る債権に対する強制執行又は担保権の実行の申立てをするのに必要となる事項として最高裁判所規則で定めるもの(情報の提供を命じられた者が債務者の厚生年金保険に係る事務に関して知り得たものに限る。)
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(ii)Japan Pension Service, Mutual Aid Associations of National Public Service Personnel, Federation of Mutual Aid Associations of National Public Service Personnel, Mutual Aid Associations of Prefectural Government Personnel, National Federation of Mutual Aid Associations for Municipal Personnel or Promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation for Private Schools of Japan:Matters provided by the Rules of the Supreme Court as matters necessary to file a petition for judicial enforcement or enforcement of a security in |