刑事訴訟法(昭和二十三年法律第百三十一号)
Code of Criminal Procedure(Act No. 131 of 1948)
最終更新:平成十八年法律第三十六号
Last Version: Act No. 36 of 2006
目次
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▶本則
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▶第一編 総則
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▶第二編 第一審
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▶第三章 公判
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▶第一節の二 争点及び証拠の整理手続
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▶第一款 公判前整理手続
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刑事訴訟法(第一編第二編)
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Code of Criminal Procedure (Part I and Part II)
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昭和二十三年七月十日法律第百三十一号
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Act No. 131 of July 10, 1948
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第一編 総則
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Part I General Provisions
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第一条この法律は、刑事事件につき、公共の福祉の維持と個人の基本的人権の保障とを全うしつつ、事案の真相を明らかにし、刑罰法令を適正且つ迅速に適用実現することを目的とする。
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Article 1The purpose of this Code, with regard to criminal cases, is to reveal the true facts of cases and to apply and realize criminal laws and regulations quickly and appropriately, while ensuring the maintenance of public welfare and the guarantee of the fundamental human rights of individuals.
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第一章 裁判所の管轄
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Chapter I Jurisdiction of the Courts
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第二条裁判所の土地管轄は、犯罪地又は被告人の住所、居所若しくは現在地による。
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Article 2(1)The territorial jurisdiction of the courts shall be determined by the place where the crime was committed, the place where the domicile or the residence of the accused is located, or the place where the accused is at present.
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(2)With respect to a crime committed on board a Japanese vessel while outside Japanese territory, the territorial jurisdiction shall be determined, in addition to the places prescribed in the preceding paragraph, by the place of the port of registry of such vessel or the place of the port of call after the crime was committed.
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第三条事物管轄を異にする数個の事件が関連するときは、上級の裁判所は、併せてこれを管轄することができる。
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Article 3(1)When two or more cases falling under the subject matter jurisdiction of different courts are related to each other, a higher court may exercise jurisdiction over all of them jointly.
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第四条事物管轄を異にする数個の関連事件が上級の裁判所に係属する場合において、併せて審判することを必要としないものがあるときは、上級の裁判所は、決定で管轄権を有する下級の裁判所にこれを移送することができる。
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Article 4When two or more related cases falling under the subject matter jurisdiction of different courts are pending before a higher court and there is any case which need not be tried jointly by it, the higher court may, by a ruling, transfer such case to a lower court which has jurisdiction over it.
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第五条数個の関連事件が各別に上級の裁判所及び下級の裁判所に係属するときは、事物管轄にかかわらず、上級の裁判所は、決定で下級の裁判所の管轄に属する事件を併せて審判することができる。
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Article 5(1)When two or more related cases are separately pending before a higher court and a lower court, the higher court may, by a ruling, regardless of the subject matter jurisdiction, try the case falling under the jurisdiction of the lower court jointly.
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第六条土地管轄を異にする数個の事件が関連するときは、一個の事件につき管轄権を有する裁判所は、併せて他の事件を管轄することができる。但し、他の法律の規定により特定の裁判所の管轄に属する事件は、これを管轄することができない。
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Article 6When two or more cases falling under the territorial jurisdiction of different courts are related to each other, any court which has jurisdiction over one of these cases may exercise jurisdiction over the others jointly; provided, however, that such court shall not exercise jurisdiction over a case which falls under the jurisdiction of a particular court pursuant to the provisions of other acts.
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第七条土地管轄を異にする数個の関連事件が同一裁判所に係属する場合において、併せて審判することを必要としないものがあるときは、その裁判所は、決定で管轄権を有する他の裁判所にこれを移送することができる。
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Article 7When two or more related cases falling under the territorial jurisdiction of different courts are pending before one court and there is any case which need not be tried jointly by it, the court may, by a ruling, transfer such case to another court which has jurisdiction over it.
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第八条数個の関連事件が各別に事物管轄を同じくする数個の裁判所に係属するときは、各裁判所は、検察官又は被告人の請求により、決定でこれを一の裁判所に併合することができる。
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Article 8(1)When two or more related cases are separately pending before different courts which have the same subject matter jurisdiction, each court may, upon the request of a public prosecutor or the accused, decide by a ruling, that they shall be tried jointly in one court.
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第九条数個の事件は、左の場合に関連するものとする。
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Article 9(1)Two or more cases shall be deemed to be related when:
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一一人が数罪を犯したとき。
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(i)One person has committed several crimes;
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二数人が共に同一又は別個の罪を犯したとき。
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(ii)Several persons have jointly committed the same crime or several separate crimes;
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三数人が通謀して各別に罪を犯したとき。
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(iii)Several persons have conspired with one other, and each of them has committed crimes separately.
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第十条同一事件が事物管轄を異にする数個の裁判所に係属するときは、上級の裁判所が、これを審判する。
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Article 10(1)When the same case is pending before several courts differing in subject matter jurisdiction, it shall be tried by a higher court.
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第十一条同一事件が事物管轄を同じくする数個の裁判所に係属するときは、最初に公訴を受けた裁判所が、これを審判する。
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Article 11(1)When the same case is pending before several courts which have the same subject matter jurisdiction, it shall be tried by the court in which prosecution was instituted first.
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第十二条裁判所は、事実発見のため必要があるときは、管轄区域外で職務を行うことができる。
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Article 12(1)When it is necessary for the purpose of discovering facts, a court may execute its duties outside the district under its jurisdiction.
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第十三条訴訟手続は、管轄違の理由によつては、その効力を失わない。
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Article 13The court proceedings shall not lose their effects by reason of lacking jurisdiction.
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第十四条裁判所は、管轄権を有しないときでも、急速を要する場合には、事実発見のため必要な処分をすることができる。
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Article 14(1)In a case requiring urgency, a court may, even when it has no jurisdiction, take such measures as may be necessary for discovery of facts.
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第十五条検察官は、左の場合には、関係のある第一審裁判所に共通する直近上級の裁判所に管轄指定の請求をしなければならない。
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Article 15A public prosecutor shall request the next higher court common to all of the relevant courts of first instance to designate the court which shall have jurisdiction when:
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一裁判所の管轄区域が明らかでないため管轄裁判所が定まらないとき。
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(i)The competent court of jurisdiction cannot be determined since the jurisdictional district is not clear;
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二管轄違を言い渡した裁判が確定した事件について他に管轄裁判所がないとき。
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(ii)There is no other court with jurisdiction over a case with respect to which a decision has become final that a certain court lacks jurisdiction.
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第十六条法律による管轄裁判所がないとき、又はこれを知ることができないときは、検事総長は、最高裁判所に管轄指定の請求をしなければならない。
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Article 16When there is, by act, no court which has jurisdiction, or when it is impossible to ascertain such court, the Prosecutor-General shall request the Supreme Court to designate the court which is to have jurisdiction.
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第十七条検察官は、左の場合には、直近上級の裁判所に管轄移転の請求をしなければならない。
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Article 17(1)A public prosecutor shall request the next higher court of the court concerned to effect a change of jurisdiction when:
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一管轄裁判所が法律上の理由又は特別の事情により裁判権を行うことができないとき。
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(i)The competent court is unable to exercise its jurisdiction owing to legal reasons or special circumstances;
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二地方の民心、訴訟の状況その他の事情により裁判の公平を維持することができない虞があるとき。
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(ii)There is the fear that the impartiality of the trial cannot be maintained owing to the general sentiment of the local people in the district, the state of the proceedings or any other circumstances.
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第十八条犯罪の性質、地方の民心その他の事情により管轄裁判所が審判をするときは公安を害する虞があると認める場合には、検事総長は、最高裁判所に管轄移転の請求をしなければならない。
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Article 18When, owing to the nature of the crime, the general sentiment of the local people in the district or any other circumstances, there is the fear that public safety will be disrupted if the case were to be tried by the court which has jurisdiction over it, the Prosecutor-General shall request the Supreme Court to effect a change of jurisdiction.
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第十九条裁判所は、適当と認めるときは、検察官若しくは被告人の請求により又は職権で、決定を以て、その管轄に属する事件を事物管轄を同じくする他の管轄裁判所に移送することができる。
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Article 19(1)When a court deems it appropriate, the court may, either upon the request of a public prosecutor or the accused, or ex officio, by a ruling, transfer a case under its jurisdiction to another competent court which has the same subject matter jurisdiction.
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第二章 裁判所職員の除斥及び忌避
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Chapter II Disqualification and Recusal of Court Officials
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第二十条裁判官は、次に掲げる場合には、職務の執行から除斥される。
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Article 20A judge shall be disqualified from execution of his/her duty when:
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一裁判官が被害者であるとき。
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(i)The judge is the victim;
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二裁判官が被告人又は被害者の親族であるとき、又はあつたとき。
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(ii)The judge is or was a relative of the accused or the victim;
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三裁判官が被告人又は被害者の法定代理人、後見監督人、保佐人、保佐監督人、補助人又は補助監督人であるとき。
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(iii)The judge is a legal representative, supervisor of a guardian, curator, supervisor of a curator, assistant, or supervisor of an assistant for the accused or the victim;
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四裁判官が事件について証人又は鑑定人となつたとき。
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(iv)The judge has become a witness or an expert witness in the case;
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五裁判官が事件について被告人の代理人、弁護人又は補佐人となつたとき。
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(v)The judge has become a representative, counsel or assistant for the accused in the case;
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六裁判官が事件について検察官又は司法警察員の職務を行つたとき。
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(vi)The judge has executed the duty of a public prosecutor or a judicial police officer in the case;
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七裁判官が事件について第二百六十六条第二号の決定、略式命令、前審の裁判、第三百九十八条乃至第四百条、第四百十二条若しくは第四百十三条の規定により差し戻し、若しくは移送された場合における原判決又はこれらの裁判の基礎となつた取調べに関与したとき。ただし、受託裁判官として関与した場合は、この限りでない。
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(vii)With regard to the case, the judge has participated in a ruling, summary order or the decision of the lower court prescribed in item (ii) of Article 266, or in the original judgment of a case which was sent back or transferred pursuant to the provisions of Articles 398 to 400, 412, or 413, or in the examination of evidence which formed the basis of such decisions; provided, however, that this shall not apply when he/she participated as a delegated judge.
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第二十一条裁判官が職務の執行から除斥されるべきとき、又は不公平な裁判をする虞があるときは、検察官又は被告人は、これを忌避することができる。
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Article 21(1)When a judge is to be disqualified from execution of his/her duty, or there is the fear that he/she may make a prejudicial decision, a public prosecutor or the accused may recuse such judge.
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第二十二条事件について請求又は陳述をした後には、不公平な裁判をする虞があることを理由として裁判官を忌避することはできない。但し、忌避の原因があることを知らなかつたとき、又は忌避の原因がその後に生じたときは、この限りでない。
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Article 22Once a request or a statement has been made with regard to a case, a party shall not recuse a judge on the grounds that there is the fear that he/she may make a prejudicial decision; provided, however, that that this shall not apply when the party did not know of the existence of a cause for recusal or when such cause occurred later.
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第二十三条合議体の構成員である裁判官が忌避されたときは、その裁判官所属の裁判所が、決定をしなければならない。この場合においてその裁判所が地方裁判所又は家庭裁判所であるときは、合議体で決定をしなければならない。
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Article 23(1)When a judge who is a member of a collegiate panel is recused, the court to which such judge is assigned shall make the ruling.In such case, when the court is a district court or a family court, the ruling shall be made by a collegiate panel.
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(2)When an individual judge who is assigned to a district court or family court is recused, a collegiate panel which is assigned to the same district or family court shall make the ruling. When an individual judge who is assigned to a summary court is recused, a collegiate panel which is assigned to the district court which has jurisdiction shall make the ruling; provided, however, that when the recused judge admits that the recusal has cause, such ruling shall be deemed to have been made.
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第二十四条訴訟を遅延させる目的のみでされたことの明らかな忌避の申立は、決定でこれを却下しなければならない。この場合には、前条第三項の規定を適用しない。第二十二条の規定に違反し、又は裁判所の規則で定める手続に違反してされた忌避の申立を却下する場合も、同様である。
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Article 24(1)When it is clear that the recusal of a judge has been made merely for the purpose of delaying the proceedings, such recusal shall be dismissed by a ruling.Paragraph (3) of the preceding Article shall not apply to such case.The same shall apply to a ruling of dismissal against a recusal which was made in violation of Article 22 or the procedures established by the Rules of Court.
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第二十五条忌避の申立を却下する決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
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Article 25An immediate appeal against a ruling of dismissal of a recusal may be filed.
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第二十六条この章の規定は、第二十条第七号の規定を除いて、裁判所書記にこれを準用する。
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Article 26(1)The provisions of this chapter shall apply mutatis mutandis to court clerks except for the provisions of item (vii) of Article 20.
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第三章 訴訟能力
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Chapter III Competence to Stand Trial
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第二十七条被告人又は被疑者が法人であるときは、その代表者が、訴訟行為についてこれを代表する。
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Article 27(1)When the accused or the suspect is a legal person, its representative shall represent it with regard to a procedural action.
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第二十八条刑法(明治四十年法律第四十五号)第三十九条又は第四十一条の規定を適用しない罪に当たる事件について、被告人又は被疑者が意思能力を有しないときは、その法定代理人(親権者が二人あるときは、各自。以下同じ。)が、訴訟行為についてこれを代理する。
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Article 28When the accused or the suspect lacks mental capacity regarding a case to which the provisions of Article 39 or 41 of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) do not apply, his/her legal representative (when there are two persons who have parental authority, respectively; the same shall apply hereinafter) shall, with regard to a procedural action, represent him/her.
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第二十九条前二条の規定により被告人を代表し、又は代理する者がないときは、検察官の請求により又は職権で、特別代理人を選任しなければならない。
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Article 29(1)When, pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two Articles, there is no one to represent the accused, the court shall, upon the request of a public prosecutor or ex officio, appoint a special representative.
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第四章 弁護及び補佐
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Chapter IV Counsel and Assistants
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第三十条被告人又は被疑者は、何時でも弁護人を選任することができる。
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Article 30(1)The accused or the suspect may appoint counsel at any time.
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第三十一条弁護人は、弁護士の中からこれを選任しなければならない。
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Article 31(1)A counsel shall be appointed from among lawyers.
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第三十二条公訴の提起前にした弁護人の選任は、第一審においてもその効力を有する。
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Article 32(1)The appointment of counsel made prior to the institution of prosecution shall have its effect also in the trial of first instance.
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第三十三条被告人に数人の弁護人があるときは、裁判所の規則で、主任弁護人を定めなければならない。
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Article 33When there is more than one counsel for the accused, a chief defense counsel shall be designated pursuant to the Rules of Court.
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第三十四条前条の規定による主任弁護人の権限については、裁判所の規則の定めるところによる。
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Article 34The judicial power of the chief counsel prescribed in the preceding Article shall be provided by the Rules of Court.
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第三十五条裁判所は、裁判所の規則の定めるところにより、被告人又は被疑者の弁護人の数を制限することができる。但し、被告人の弁護人については、特別の事情のあるときに限る。
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Article 35The court may limit the number of counsel of the accused or the suspect pursuant to the Rules of Court; provided, however, that with regard to the counsel for the accused, this shall only be when there are special circumstances.
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第三十六条被告人が貧困その他の事由により弁護人を選任することができないときは、裁判所は、その請求により、被告人のため弁護人を附しなければならない。但し、被告人以外の者が選任した弁護人がある場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 36When the accused is unable to appoint counsel because of indigency or other reasons, the court shall appoint counsel for the accused upon his/her request; provided, however, that this shall not apply when counsel has been appointed by a person other than the accused.
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第三十七条左の場合に被告人に弁護人がないときは、裁判所は、職権で弁護人を附することができる。
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Article 37The court may appoint counsel ex-officio if there is no counsel for the accused when:
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一被告人が未成年者であるとき。
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(i)The accused is a minor;
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二被告人が年齢七十年以上の者であるとき。
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(ii)The accused is over seventy years of age;
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三被告人が耳の聞えない者又は口のきけない者であるとき。
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(iii)The accused is unable to hear or speak;
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四被告人が心神喪失者又は心神耗弱者である疑があるとき。
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(iv)There is the possibility that the accused is insane or has diminished capacity;
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五その他必要と認めるとき。
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(v)It is deemed necessary for other reasons.
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第三十八条この法律の規定に基いて裁判所又は裁判長が附すべき弁護人は、弁護士の中からこれを選任しなければならない。
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Article 38(1)A counsel to be appointed by a court or a presiding judge pursuant to the provisions of this Code shall be appointed from among lawyers.
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第三十九条身体の拘束を受けている被告人又は被疑者は、弁護人又は弁護人を選任することができる者の依頼により弁護人となろうとする者(弁護士でない者にあつては、第三十一条第二項の許可があつた後に限る。)と立会人なくして接見し、又は書類若しくは物の授受をすることができる。
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Article 39(1)The accused or the suspect in custody may, without any official being present, have an interview with, or send to or receive documents or articles from counsel or prospective counsel upon the request of a person entitled to appoint counsel (with regard to a person who is not a lawyer, this shall apply only after the permission prescribed in paragraph (2) of Article 31 has been obtained).
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(2)With regard to the interview or the sending or receiving of documents or articles prescribed in the preceding paragraph, such measures may be provided by laws and regulations (including the Rules of Court; the same shall apply hereinafter) as are necessary to prevent the flight of the accused or the suspect, the concealment or destruction of evidence, or the sending or receiving of articles which may hinder safe custody.
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(3)A public prosecutor, public prosecutor's assistant officer or judicial police official ("judicial police official" means both a judicial police officer and a judicial constable; the same shall apply hereinafter) may, when it is necessary for investigation, designate the date, place and time of the interview or sending or receiving of documents or articles prescribed in paragraph (1) only prior to the institution of prosecution; provided, however, that such designation shall not unduly restrict the rights of the suspect to prepare for defense.
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第四十条弁護人は、公訴の提起後は、裁判所において、訴訟に関する書類及び証拠物を閲覧し、且つ謄写することができる。但し、証拠物を謄写するについては、裁判長の許可を受けなければならない。
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Article 40(1)A counsel may, after the institution of prosecution, inspect and copy in the court, documents and articles of evidence relating to the trial; provided, however, that the counsel shall obtain permission from the presiding judge when copying the articles of evidence.
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第四十一条弁護人は、この法律に特別の定のある場合に限り、独立して訴訟行為をすることができる。
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Article 41A counsel may undertake a procedural action independently only when especially provided for in this Code.
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第四十二条被告人の法定代理人、保佐人、配偶者、直系の親族及び兄弟姉妹は、何時でも補佐人となることができる。
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Article 42(1)The legal representative, curator, spouse, lineal relative, brother or sister of the accused may become an authorized assistant at any time.
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第五章 裁判
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Chapter V Decisions
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第四十三条判決は、この法律に特別の定のある場合を除いては、口頭弁論に基いてこれをしなければならない。
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Article 43(1)Except as otherwise provided for in this Code, a judgment shall be rendered on the basis of oral arguments.
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第四十四条裁判には、理由を附しなければならない。
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Article 44(1)A decision shall be accompanied by the reason thereof.
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第四十五条判決以外の裁判は、判事補が一人でこれをすることができる。
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Article 45A decision other than a judgment may be made by an assistant judge.
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第四十六条被告人その他訴訟関係人は、自己の費用で、裁判書又は裁判を記載した調書の謄本又は抄本の交付を請求することができる。
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Article 46The accused or any other person concerned in the case may request, at his/her own cost, a transcript or an extract of the written decision or the trial record in which the decision is recorded.
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第六章 書類及び送達
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Chapter VI Documents and Service
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第四十七条訴訟に関する書類は、公判の開廷前には、これを公にしてはならない。但し、公益上の必要その他の事由があつて、相当と認められる場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 47No document relating to the trial shall be made public prior to the commencement of the trial; provided, however, that this shall not apply when it is necessary for the public interest or other reasons, and when the court believes it to be appropriate.
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第四十八条公判期日における訴訟手続については、公判調書を作成しなければならない。
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Article 48(1)The court proceedings on the trial dates shall be recorded in the trial records.
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第四十九条被告人に弁護人がないときは、公判調書は、裁判所の規則の定めるところにより、被告人も、これを閲覧することができる。被告人は、読むことができないとき、又は目の見えないときは、公判調書の朗読を求めることができる。
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Article 49The accused, when he/she has no counsel, may inspect the trial records pursuant to the Rules of Court.When the accused is unable to read or see, he/she may request the trial records to be read out aloud.
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第五十条公判調書が次回の公判期日までに整理されなかつたときは、裁判所書記は、検察官、被告人又は弁護人の請求により、次回の公判期日において又はその期日までに、前回の公判期日における証人の供述の要旨を告げなければならない。この場合において、請求をした検察官、被告人又は弁護人が証人の供述の要旨の正確性につき異議を申し立てたときは、その旨を調書に記載しなければならない。
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Article 50(1)When the trial records have not been completed by the time of the next trial date, the court clerk shall, upon the request of a public prosecutor, the accused or counsel, give either on or before the next trial date, a summary of the statements given by the witnesses in the last trial.In this case, when the public prosecutor, the accused or the counsel who has made the request raises an objection to the accuracy of the summary of the statements, such objection shall be recorded in the trial records.
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(2)When the trial records of a trial without the appearance of the accused and counsel have not been completed before the next trial date, the court clerk shall inform, either on or before the next trial date, the accused or the counsel who has appeared of important matters relating to the trial held on the previous trial date.
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第五十一条検察官、被告人又は弁護人は、公判調書の記載の正確性につき異議を申し立てることができる。異議の申立があつたときは、その旨を調書に記載しなければならない。
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Article 51(1)A public prosecutor, the accused or counsel may raise an objection to the accuracy of the trial records.When such an objection is raised, it shall be so recorded in the trial records.
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(2)The objection prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be raised, at the latest, within 14 days after the last trial date of that instance; provided, however, that with regard to the trial record for the trial date on which the judgment is pronounced, the objection may be raised within 14 days after completion of the trial records.
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第五十二条公判期日における訴訟手続で公判調書に記載されたものは、公判調書のみによつてこれを証明することができる。
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Article 52The court proceedings on the trial dates recorded in the trial records shall be proved only by the trial records.
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第五十三条何人も、被告事件の終結後、訴訟記録を閲覧することができる。但し、訴訟記録の保存又は裁判所若しくは検察庁の事務に支障のあるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 53(1)Any person may inspect the case records after conclusion of the case; provided, however, that this shall not apply when such inspection interferes with the preservation of the case records or the business of the court or the public prosecutors office.
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(2)Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, only persons concerned in the case or a person who has justifiable reason and has been specially granted permission by the custodian may inspect the case records in which a prohibition has been imposed on the oral arguments being made open to the public or on the case records being inspected owing to the inappropriateness of inspection by the public.
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第五十三条の二訴訟に関する書類及び押収物については、行政機関の保有する情報の公開に関する法律(平成十一年法律第四十二号)の規定は、適用しない。
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Article 53-2The provisions of the Act on Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs (Act No. 42 of 1999) shall not apply to documents relating to trials and seized articles.
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第五十四条書類の送達については、裁判所の規則に特別の定のある場合を除いては、民事訴訟に関する法令の規定(公示送達に関する規定を除く。)を準用する。
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Article 54Except as otherwise provided for by the Rules of Court, the provisions of laws and regulations concerning civil procedure (excluding the provisions concerning service by public notification) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the service of documents.
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第七章 期間
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Chapter VII Periods
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第五十五条期間の計算については、時で計算するものは、即時からこれを起算し、日、月又は年で計算するものは、初日を算入しない。但し、時効期間の初日は、時間を論じないで一日としてこれを計算する。
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Article 55(1)In the calculation of periods, those that are calculated by hours shall begin to run immediately, and those that are calculated by days, months or years shall not include the first day; provided, however, that the first day of a period of prescription shall be included as one day irrespective of the hours of that day.
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3期間の末日が日曜日、土曜日、国民の祝日に関する法律(昭和二十三年法律第百七十八号)に規定する休日、一月二日、一月三日又は十二月二十九日から十二月三十一日までの日に当たるときは、これを期間に算入しない。ただし、時効期間については、この限りでない。
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(3)When the last day of a period falls on a Sunday, Saturday, a national holiday prescribed in the Act Concerning National Holidays (Act No. 178 of 1948), January 2nd, January 3rd or December 29th - 3lst, it shall not be included in the period; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the period of prescription.
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第五十六条法定の期間は、裁判所の規則の定めるところにより、訴訟行為をすべき者の住居又は事務所の所在地と裁判所又は検察庁の所在地との距離及び交通通信の便否に従い、これを延長することができる。
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Article 56(1)A period specified by act may be extended pursuant to the Rules of Court in consideration of the distance between the place where the residence or the office of the person who is to undertake a procedural action is located and the place where the court or the public prosecutors office is located, and the inconvenience of transportation and communication facilities.
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第八章 被告人の召喚、勾引及び勾留
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Chapter VIII Summons, Subpoena and Detention of the Accused
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第五十七条裁判所は、裁判所の規則で定める相当の猶予期間を置いて、被告人を召喚することができる。
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Article 57The court may, setting the reasonable period of suspension prescribed in the Rules of Court, summon the accused.
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第五十八条裁判所は、次の場合には、被告人を勾引することができる。
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Article 58The court may subpoena the accused when:
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一被告人が定まつた住居を有しないとき。
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(i)The accused has no fixed residence;
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二被告人が、正当な理由がなく、召喚に応じないとき、又は応じないおそれがあるとき。
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(ii)The accused disobeys the summons without justifiable reason, or poses a risk that he/she would do so.
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第五十九条勾引した被告人は、裁判所に引致した時から二十四時間以内にこれを釈放しなければならない。但し、その時間内に勾留状が発せられたときは、この限りでない。
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Article 59The subpoenaed accused shall be released within twenty-four hours from the time when he/she was brought to the court; provided, however, that this shall not apply when a detention warrant is issued within the prescribed time.
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第六十条裁判所は、被告人が罪を犯したことを疑うに足りる相当な理由がある場合で、左の各号の一にあたるときは、これを勾留することができる。
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Article 60(1)The court may detain the accused when there is probable cause to suspect that he/she has committed a crime and when:
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一被告人が定まつた住居を有しないとき。
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(i)The accused has no fixed residence;
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二被告人が罪証を隠滅すると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるとき。
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(ii)There is probable cause to suspect that he/she may conceal or destroy evidence;
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三被告人が逃亡し又は逃亡すると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるとき。
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(iii)The accused has fled or there is probable cause to suspect that he/she may flee.
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(2)The period of detention shall be two months from the date of institution of prosecution.In cases where it is especially necessary to continue the detention, the period may, by a ruling with a specific reason, be extended for additional one-month periods; provided, however, that the extension shall only be allowed once, except as otherwise prescribed in item (i), (iii), (iv) or (vi) of Article 89.
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3三十万円(刑法、暴力行為等処罰に関する法律(大正十五年法律第六十号)及び経済関係罰則の整備に関する法律(昭和十九年法律第四号)の罪以外の罪については、当分の間、二万円)以下の罰金、拘留又は科料に当たる事件については、被告人が定まつた住居を有しない場合に限り、第一項の規定を適用する。
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(3)With regard to cases which shall be punished with a fine of not more than 300,000 yen (with regard to crimes other than those under the Penal Code, the Act on Punishment of Physical Violence and Others (Act No. 60 of 1925), and the Act on Penal Provisions related to Economic Activities (Act No. 4 of 1944), 20,000 yen for the time being), a misdemeanor detention or petty fine, the provision of paragraph (1) of this Article shall apply only when the accused has no fixed residence.
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第六十一条被告人の勾留は、被告人に対し被告事件を告げこれに関する陳述を聴いた後でなければ、これをすることができない。但し、被告人が逃亡した場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 61The accused may not be detained unless he/she has been informed of the case and a statement has been taken from him/her; provided, however, that this shall not apply when he/she has fled.
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第六十二条被告人の召喚、勾引又は勾留は、召喚状、勾引状又は勾留状を発してこれをしなければならない。
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Article 62The summons, subpoena or detention of the accused shall not be executed without the issuance of a summons, subpoena or detention warrant.
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第六十三条召喚状には、被告人の氏名及び住居、罪名、出頭すべき年月日時及び場所並びに正当な理由がなく出頭しないときは勾引状を発することがある旨その他裁判所の規則で定める事項を記載し、裁判長又は受命裁判官が、これに記名押印しなければならない。
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Article 63A summons shall contain the name and residence of the accused, the crime, the date, time and location of appearance, a statement that a subpoena may be issued when he/she does not appear without justifiable reason, and other matters prescribed in the Rules of Court; and the presiding judge or the commissioned judge shall affix his/her name and seal to it.
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第六十四条勾引状又は勾留状には、被告人の氏名及び住居、罪名、公訴事実の要旨、引致すべき場所又は勾留すべき監獄、有効期間及びその期間経過後は執行に着手することができず令状はこれを返還しなければならない旨並びに発付の年月日その他裁判所の規則で定める事項を記載し、裁判長又は受命裁判官が、これに記名押印しなければならない。
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Article 64(1)A subpoena or detention warrant shall contain the name and residence of the accused, the crime, a summary of the charged facts, the place where the accused is to be brought or the prison where he/she is to be detained, the valid period and a statement that after expiry of the valid period the subpoena or detention warrant shall not be executed but shall be returned, the date of issue, and other matters prescribed in the Court Rules; and the presiding judge or the commissioned judge shall affix his/her name and seal to it.
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第六十五条召喚状は、これを送達する。
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Article 65(1)A summons shall be served.
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(2)When the accused has submitted a document stating that he/she will appear on the trial date, or when the court has orally instructed the accused in court to appear on the next trial date, it shall have the same effect as a summons being served.When the court has orally instructed the accused, it shall be so recorded in the trial records.
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第六十六条裁判所は、被告人の現在地の地方裁判所、家庭裁判所又は簡易裁判所の裁判官に被告人の勾引を嘱託することができる。
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Article 66(1)The court may delegate a judge of the district court, family court or summary court of the present place of the accused to subpoena him/her.
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第六十七条前条の場合には、嘱託によつて勾引状を発した裁判官は、被告人を引致した時から二十四時間以内にその人違でないかどうかを取り調べなければならない。
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Article 67(1)In the case of the preceding Article, the judge who has issued a subpoena through delegation shall, within twenty-four hours from the time the accused is brought before him/her, examine his/her identity.
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第六十八条裁判所は、必要があるときは、指定の場所に被告人の出頭又は同行を命ずることができる。被告人が正当な理由がなくこれに応じないときは、その場所に勾引することができる。この場合には、第五十九条の期間は、被告人をその場所に引致した時からこれを起算する。
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Article 68The court may, when it believes it to be necessary, order the accused to appear or to be accompanied to a designated place.When the accused disobeys the order without justifiable reason, the court may subpoena him/her to that place.In such case, calculation of the period prescribed in Article 59 shall begin from the time when the accused was brought to the place.
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第六十九条裁判長は、急速を要する場合には、第五十七条乃至第六十二条、第六十五条、第六十六条及び前条に規定する処分をし、又は合議体の構成員にこれをさせることができる。
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Article 69The presiding judge may, in a case requiring urgency, take the measures prescribed in Articles 57 to 62, Articles 65 and 66 and the preceding Article, or commission such measures to the judge of a collegiate panel.
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第七十条勾引状又は勾留状は、検察官の指揮によつて、検察事務官又は司法警察職員がこれを執行する。但し、急速を要する場合には、裁判長、受命裁判官又は地方裁判所、家庭裁判所若しくは簡易裁判所の裁判官は、その執行を指揮することができる。
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Article 70(1)A subpoena or detention warrant shall, under the direction of a public prosecutor, be executed by a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official; provided, however, that in a case requiring urgency, the presiding judge, a commissioned judge or a judge of a district court, family court or summary court may direct its execution.
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第七十一条検察事務官又は司法警察職員は、必要があるときは、管轄区域外で、勾引状若しくは勾留状を執行し、又はその地の検察事務官若しくは司法警察職員にその執行を求めることができる。
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Article 71A public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police officer may, when he/she believes it to be necessary, execute the subpoena or detention warrant outside of his/her jurisdiction, or request a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police officer in the jurisdiction to execute it.
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第七十二条被告人の現在地が判らないときは、裁判長は、検事長にその捜査及び勾引状又は勾留状の執行を嘱託することができる。
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Article 72(1)When the present place of the accused is unknown, the presiding judge may delegate investigation of the accused and execution of the subpoena or detention warrant to the Superintending Prosecutor.
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第七十三条勾引状を執行するには、これを被告人に示した上、できる限り速やかに且つ直接、指定された裁判所その他の場所に引致しなければならない。第六十六条第四項の勾引状については、これを発した裁判官に引致しなければならない。
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Article 73(1)In the execution of the subpoena, the subpoena shall be shown to the accused, and the accused shall be brought to the court or the designated place directly and as soon as possible.With regard to execution of the subpoena prescribed in paragraph (4) of Article 66, the accused shall be brought to the judge who issued it.
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(3)When the subpoena or detention warrant cannot be shown to the accused because it is not in the executing officer's possession, and when there is urgent need, the warrant may, notwithstanding the preceding two paragraphs, be executed after giving the accused a summary of the charged facts and informing him/her that the warrant has been issued; provided, however, that the warrant shall be shown as soon as possible after that.
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第七十四条勾引状又は勾留状の執行を受けた被告人を護送する場合において必要があるときは、仮に最寄の監獄にこれを留置することができる。
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Article 74When it is necessary to escort the accused under execution of a subpoena or detention warrant, the accused may be detained temporarily in the nearest prison.
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第七十五条勾引状の執行を受けた被告人を引致した場合において必要があるときは、これを監獄に留置することができる。
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Article 75When it is necessary to bring the accused to the court or designated place under execution of a detention warrant, the accused may be detained in a prison.
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第七十六条被告人を勾引したときは、直ちに被告人に対し、公訴事実の要旨及び弁護人を選任することができる旨並びに貧困その他の事由により自ら弁護人を選任することができないときは弁護人の選任を請求することができる旨を告げなければならない。但し、被告人に弁護人があるときは、公訴事実の要旨を告げれば足りる。
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Article 76(1)When the accused has been subpoenaed, the accused shall immediately be notified of a summary of the charged facts, that he/she has the right to appoint counsel, and that, when he/she is unable to appoint counsel him/herself because of indigence or other reasons, he/she is entitled to request the court to appoint counsel instead; provided, however, that when counsel has been appointed for the accused, only a summary of the charged facts need be given.
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第七十七条逮捕又は勾引に引き続き勾留する場合を除いて被告人を勾留するには、被告人に対し、弁護人を選任することができる旨及び貧困その他の事由により自ら弁護人を選任することができないときは弁護人の選任を請求することができる旨を告げなければならない。但し、被告人に弁護人があるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 77(1)When the accused is to be detained, except when detained just after being arrested or subpoenaed, the accused shall immediately be notified that he/she is entitled to appoint counsel and that, when he/she is unable to appoint counsel him/herself because of indigence or other reasons, he/she is entitled to request the court to appoint counsel instead; provided, however, that this shall not apply when counsel has been appointed for the accused.
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(2)In cases of the proviso of Article 61, immediately after detention of the accused, the accused shall be given a summary of the charged facts in addition to the matters prescribed in the preceding paragraph; provided, however, that when counsel has been appointed for the accused, only a summary of the charged facts need be given.
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第七十八条勾引又は勾留された被告人は、裁判所又は監獄の長若しくはその代理者に弁護士、弁護士法人又は弁護士会を指定して弁護人の選任を申し出ることができる。ただし、被告人に弁護人があるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 78(1)The accused under subpoena or detention may make a request to the court, the prison warden or his/her deputy for appointment of counsel, specifying an attorney, legal professional corporation or bar association; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the accused already has counsel.
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(2)The court, the prison warden or his/her deputy requested by the accused as prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall immediately notify the attorney, legal professional corporation or bar association specified by the accused of the request.When the accused has specified two or more attorneys, legal professional corporations or bar associations and made the request as so prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the court, the prison warden or his/her deputy need only notify one of them.
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第七十九条被告人を勾留したときは、直ちに弁護人にその旨を通知しなければならない。被告人に弁護人がないときは、被告人の法定代理人、保佐人、配偶者、直系の親族及び兄弟姉妹のうち被告人の指定する者一人にその旨を通知しなければならない。
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Article 79When the accused has been detained, his or her counsel shall be notified immediately.When no counsel has been appointed for the accused, notification shall be given to the person who has been specified by the accused from among his/her legal representative, curator, spouse, lineal relatives and siblings.
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第八十条勾留されている被告人は、第三十九条第一項に規定する者以外の者と、法令の範囲内で、接見し、又は書類若しくは物の授受をすることができる。勾引状により監獄に留置されている被告人も、同様である。
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Article 80The accused under detention may, subject to relevant laws and regulations, have an interview with, or send to or receive documents or articles from persons other than those prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 39.The same shall apply to an accused who is detained in a prison by a subpoena.
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第八十一条裁判所は、逃亡し又は罪証を隠滅すると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるときは、検察官の請求により又は職権で、勾留されている被告人と第三十九条第一項に規定する者以外の者との接見を禁じ、又はこれと授受すべき書類その他の物を検閲し、その授受を禁じ、若しくはこれを差し押えることができる。但し、糧食の授受を禁じ、又はこれを差し押えることはできない。
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Article 81The court may, when there is probable cause to suspect that the accused under detention may flee or conceal or destroy evidence, upon the request of a public prosecutor or ex officio, prohibit the accused from having an interview with persons other than those prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 39, or censor the documents or articles sent or received by the accused, prohibit the sending or receiving of them or seize them; provided, however, that food may not be subject to the prohibition on sending or receiving or seizure.
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第八十二条勾留されている被告人は、裁判所に勾留の理由の開示を請求することができる。
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Article 82(1)The accused under detention may request the court to disclose the grounds for detention.
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第八十三条勾留の理由の開示は、公開の法廷でこれをしなければならない。
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Article 83(1)The grounds for detention shall be disclosed in an open court.
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(3)The court may not be convened without the presence of the accused and his/her counsel; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the accused him/herself cannot attend the court because of illness or other unavoidable reasons and he/she has no objection, or when the accused has no objection to his/her counsel not appearing.
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第八十四条法廷においては、裁判長は、勾留の理由を告げなければならない。
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Article 84(1)The presiding judge shall give the grounds for detention in court.
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第八十五条勾留の理由の開示は、合議体の構成員にこれをさせることができる。
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Article 85A judge of a collegiate panel may be commissioned to disclose the grounds for detention.
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第八十六条同一の勾留について第八十二条の請求が二以上ある場合には、勾留の理由の開示は、最初の請求についてこれを行う。その他の請求は、勾留の理由の開示が終つた後、決定でこれを却下しなければならない。
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Article 86When more than one request prescribed in Article 82 has been made with respect to the same detention, the grounds for detention shall be disclosed with regard to the first request.The other requests shall be dismissed by a ruling after disclosure of the grounds for detention.
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第八十七条勾留の理由又は勾留の必要がなくなつたときは、裁判所は、検察官、勾留されている被告人若しくはその弁護人、法定代理人、保佐人、配偶者、直系の親族若しくは兄弟姉妹の請求により、又は職権で、決定を以て勾留を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 87(1)When the grounds or necessity of detention no longer exist, the court shall, upon the request of a public prosecutor, the accused under detention, his/her counsel, legal representative, curator, spouse, lineal relative or sibling or ex officio, rescind the detention by a ruling.
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第八十八条勾留されている被告人又はその弁護人、法定代理人、保佐人、配偶者、直系の親族若しくは兄弟姉妹は、保釈の請求をすることができる。
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Article 88(1)The accused under detention or his/her counsel, legal representative, curator, spouse, lineal relative or sibling may request bail.
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第八十九条保釈の請求があつたときは、左の場合を除いては、これを許さなければならない。
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Article 89The request for bail shall be granted, except when:
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一被告人が死刑又は無期若しくは短期一年以上の懲役若しくは禁錮に当たる罪を犯したものであるとき。
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(i)The accused has allegedly committed a crime which is punishable by the death penalty, life imprisonment with or without work or a sentence of imprisonment with or without work whose minimum term of imprisonment is one year or more;
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二被告人が前に死刑又は無期若しくは長期十年を超える懲役若しくは禁錮にあたる罪につき有罪の宣告を受けたことがあるとき。
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(ii)The accused was previously found guilty of a crime punishable by the death penalty, life imprisonment with or without work or a sentence of imprisonment with or without work whose maximum term of imprisonment was in excess of ten years;
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三被告人が常習として長期三年以上の懲役又は禁錮にあたる罪を犯したものであるとき。
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(iii)The accused allegedly habitually committed a crime punishable by imprisonment with or without work whose maximum term of imprisonment was in excess of three years;
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四被告人が罪証を隠滅すると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるとき。
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(iv)There is probable cause to suspect that the accused may conceal or destroy evidence;
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五被告人が、被害者その他事件の審判に必要な知識を有すると認められる者若しくはその親族の身体若しくは財産に害を加え又はこれらの者を畏怖させる行為をすると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるとき。
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(v)There is probable cause to suspect that the accused may harm or threaten the body or property of the victim or any other person who is deemed to have essential knowledge for the trial of the case or the relatives of such persons;
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六被告人の氏名又は住居が判らないとき。
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(vi)The name or residence of the accused is unknown.
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第九十条裁判所は、適当と認めるときは、職権で保釈を許すことができる。
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Article 90The court may, when it finds it appropriate, grant bail ex officio.
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第九十一条勾留による拘禁が不当に長くなつたときは、裁判所は、第八十八条に規定する者の請求により、又は職権で、決定を以て勾留を取り消し、又は保釈を許さなければならない。
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Article 91(1)When the confinement of detention has been unduly long, the court shall, upon the request of the person prescribed in Article 88 or ex officio, rescind the detention or grant bail by a ruling.
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第九十二条裁判所は、保釈を許す決定又は保釈の請求を却下する決定をするには、検察官の意見を聴かなければならない。
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Article 92(1)The court shall, when making a ruling to grant or dismiss bail, hear the opinion of the public prosecutor.
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第九十三条保釈を許す場合には、保証金額を定めなければならない。
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Article 93(1)The court shall, when granting bail, set the amount of the bail bond.
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第九十四条保釈を許す決定は、保証金の納付があつた後でなければ、これを執行することができない。
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Article 94(1)The ruling of release on bail shall not be executed before payment of the bail bond.
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第九十五条裁判所は、適当と認めるときは、決定で、勾留されている被告人を親族、保護団体その他の者に委託し、又は被告人の住居を制限して、勾留の執行を停止することができる。
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Article 95The court may, when it believes it to be appropriate, entrust the accused under detention to a relative, shelter organization or other person or specify the residence of the accused, and suspend the execution of detention by a ruling.
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第九十六条裁判所は、左の各号の一にあたる場合には、検察官の請求により、又は職権で、決定を以て保釈又は勾留の執行停止を取り消すことができる。
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Article 96(1)The court may, upon the request of a public prosecutor or ex officio, rescind the bail or suspension of the execution of detention by a ruling when:
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一被告人が、召喚を受け正当な理由がなく出頭しないとき。
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(i)The accused has been summoned but does not appear without justifiable reason;
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二被告人が逃亡し又は逃亡すると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるとき。
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(ii)The accused has fled or there is probable cause to suspect that he/she may flee;
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三被告人が罪証を隠滅し又は罪証を隠滅すると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるとき。
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(iii)The accused has concealed or destroyed evidence or there is probable cause to suspect that the accused may conceal or destroy evidence;
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四被告人が、被害者その他事件の審判に必要な知識を有すると認められる者若しくはその親族の身体若しくは財産に害を加え若しくは加えようとし、又はこれらの者を畏怖させる行為をしたとき。
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(iv)The accused has harmed or tried to harm the body or property of the victim, any other person who is deemed to have essential knowledge for the trial of the case or the relatives of such persons or has threatened them; or
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五被告人が住居の制限その他裁判所の定めた条件に違反したとき。
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(v)The accused has violated the conditions set by the court such as the specification of the residence.
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(3)When the accused on bail has been found guilty and the judgment has become final and binding, and he/she has subsequently been summoned for its execution but does not appear in court without justifiable reason or flees, the court shall, upon the request of a public prosecutor, sequester the whole or part of the bail bond by a ruling.
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第九十七条上訴の提起期間内の事件でまだ上訴の提起がないものについて、勾留の期間を更新し、勾留を取り消し、又は保釈若しくは勾留の執行停止をし、若しくはこれを取り消すべき場合には、原裁判所が、その決定をしなければならない。
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Article 97(1)With respect to a case where the time limit for instituting an appeal has not yet expired and an appeal has not yet been instituted, the rulings to renew the period of detention, suspend bail or the execution of detention, and rescind bail or the suspension of execution of detention shall be made by the original court.
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第九十八条保釈若しくは勾留の執行停止を取り消す決定があつたとき、又は勾留の執行停止の期間が満了したときは、検察事務官、司法警察職員又は監獄官吏は、検察官の指揮により、勾留状の謄本及び保釈若しくは勾留の執行停止を取り消す決定の謄本又は期間を指定した勾留の執行停止の決定の謄本を被告人に示してこれを収監しなければならない。
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Article 98(1)When the ruling to rescind bail or the suspension of execution of detention has been made, or when the term of suspension of detention has expired, a public prosecutor's assistant officer, judicial police official or prison official shall, under the direction of a public prosecutor, imprison the accused after showing him/her a transcript of the detention warrant and a transcript of the written ruling rescinding bail or the suspension of execution of detention or a transcript of the written ruling on suspension for a designated term of execution of detention.
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(2)When the person is unable to show the documents in the preceding paragraph to the accused because he/she does not have the documents in his/her possession and when there is urgent need, he/she may, notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, under the direction of a public prosecutor, imprison the accused immediately after notifying the accused that the ruling to grant bail or to suspend the execution of detention has been rescinded, or that the term of suspension of execution of detention has expired; provided, however, that the documents shall be shown to the accused as soon as possible.
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第九章 押収及び捜索
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Chapter IX Search and Seizure
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第九十九条裁判所は、必要があるときは、証拠物又は没収すべき物と思料するものを差し押えることができる。但し、特別の定のある場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 99(1)The court may, when it believes it to be necessary, seize articles of evidence or articles which are considered to require confiscation; provided, however, that this shall not apply when otherwise so provided.
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第百条裁判所は、被告人から発し、又は被告人に対して発した郵便物又は電信に関する書類で通信事務を取り扱う官署その他の者が保管し、又は所持するものを差し押え、又は提出させることができる。
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Article 100(1)The court may seize or order submission of postal items or telegram documents sent to or by the accused which are retained or possessed by a public agency of communications or other persons.
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(2)The postal items or telegram documents sent to or by the accused which are retained or possessed by a public agency of communications or other persons but are not subject to the preceding paragraph may be seized or ordered for submission only when they are reasonably supposed to be related to the case.
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第百一条被告人その他の者が遺留した物又は所有者、所持者若しくは保管者が任意に提出した物は、これを領置することができる。
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Article 101Articles which the accused or another person has left behind or which the owner, possessor or custodian has submitted voluntarily may be retained.
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第百二条裁判所は、必要があるときは、被告人の身体、物又は住居その他の場所に就き、捜索をすることができる。
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Article 102(1)The court may, when it is necessary, search the body, articles, residence or any other place of the accused.
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第百三条公務員又は公務員であつた者が保管し、又は所持する物について、本人又は当該公務所から職務上の秘密に関するものであることを申し立てたときは、当該監督官庁の承諾がなければ、押収をすることはできない。但し、当該監督官庁は、国の重大な利益を害する場合を除いては、承諾を拒むことができない。
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Article 103Articles retained or possessed by a public officer or ex-public officer may not be seized without the consent of his/her supervisory public agency, when he/she or the public agency asserts that the articles pertain to official confidential information; provided, however, that the supervisory public agency may not refuse consent except where the seizure may harm important national interests.
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第百四条左に掲げる者が前条の申立をしたときは、第一号に掲げる者についてはその院、第二号に掲げる者については内閣の承諾がなければ、押収をすることはできない。
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Article 104(1)When the person prescribed in the following items makes an assertion as prescribed in the preceding Article, the articles may not be seized without the consent of the House with regard to the person prescribed in item (i), or the consent of the Cabinet with regard to the person prescribed in item (ii).
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一衆議院若しくは参議院の議員又はその職に在つた者
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(i)A Member or ex-Member of the House of Representatives or the House of Councillors
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二内閣総理大臣その他の国務大臣又はその職に在つた者
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(ii)The Prime Minister, other Ministers of State or ex-Ministers of State.
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第百五条医師、歯科医師、助産師、看護師、弁護士(外国法事務弁護士を含む。)、弁理士、公証人、宗教の職に在る者又はこれらの職に在つた者は、業務上委託を受けたため、保管し、又は所持する物で他人の秘密に関するものについては、押収を拒むことができる。但し、本人が承諾した場合、押収の拒絶が被告人のためのみにする権利の濫用と認められる場合(被告人が本人である場合を除く。)その他裁判所の規則で定める事由がある場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 105A physician, dentist, midwife, nurse, attorney (including a foreign lawyer registered in Japan), patent attorney, notary public or a person engaged in a religious occupation, or any other person who was formerly engaged in any of these professions, may refuse the seizure of articles containing the confidential information of others which he/she has been entrusted with and retains or possesses in the course of his/her duties; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the person in question has given consent, when the refusal is deemed to be an abuse of rights wholly for the interests of the accused (unless the person is the accused), or where there exist other circumstances provided for by the Rules of Court.
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第百六条公判廷外における差押又は捜索は、差押状又は捜索状を発してこれをしなければならない。
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Article 106Search or seizure outside the court shall be executed on issuance of a search warrant or seizure warrant.
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第百七条差押状又は捜索状には、被告人の氏名、罪名、差し押えるべき物又は捜索すべき場所、身体若しくは物、有効期間及びその期間経過後は執行に着手することができず令状はこれを返還しなければならない旨並びに発付の年月日その他裁判所の規則で定める事項を記載し、裁判長が、これに記名押印しなければならない。
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Article 107(1)The search warrant or seizure warrant shall contain the name of the accused, the crime, the articles to be seized or the place, body or articles to be searched, the valid period and a statement that search or seizure shall not be executed and the warrant shall be returned after expiry of the period, the date of issue, and other matters prescribed in the Rules of Court; and the presiding judge shall affix his/her name and seal to it.
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第百八条差押状又は捜索状は、検察官の指揮によつて、検察事務官又は司法警察職員がこれを執行する。但し、裁判所が被告人の保護のため必要があると認めるときは、裁判長は、裁判所書記又は司法警察職員にその執行を命ずることができる。
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Article 108(1)The search warrant or seizure warrant shall, under the direction of a public prosecutor, be executed by a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official; provided, however, that when the court finds it necessary for protection of the accused, the presiding judge may order a court clerk or a judicial police official to execute it.
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第百九条検察事務官又は裁判所書記は、差押状又は捜索状の執行について必要があるときは、司法警察職員に補助を求めることができる。
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Article 109The public prosecutor's assistant officer or court clerk may, when it is necessary to execute a search warrant or seizure warrant, request a judicial police official for assistance.
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第百十条差押状又は捜索状は、処分を受ける者にこれを示さなければならない。
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Article 110The search warrant or seizure warrant shall be shown to the person who is to undergo the measure.
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第百十一条差押状又は捜索状の執行については、錠をはずし、封を開き、その他必要な処分をすることができる。公判廷で差押又は捜索をする場合も、同様である。
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Article 111(1)In the execution of a search warrant or seizure warrant, such necessary measures as unlocking or unsealing may be taken.The same shall apply to search and seizure in court.
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第百十二条差押状又は捜索状の執行中は、何人に対しても、許可を得ないでその場所に出入することを禁止することができる。
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Article 112(1)Any person, who lacks permission from the executing officer, may be prohibited from entering the place under execution during execution of the search warrant or seizure warrant.
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第百十三条検察官、被告人又は弁護人は、差押状又は捜索状の執行に立ち会うことができる。但し、身体の拘束を受けている被告人は、この限りでない。
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Article 113(1)The public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel may attend the execution of a search warrant or seizure warrant; provided, however, that this shall not apply to an accused in custody.
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(2)The executing officer of the search warrant or seizure warrant shall, in advance, notify the persons who may attend pursuant to the preceding paragraph of the date, time and location of execution of the warrant; provided, however, that this shall not apply when such persons declare in advance their intent of not attending the execution, or in a case requiring urgency.
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第百十四条公務所内で差押状又は捜索状の執行をするときは、その長又はこれに代るべき者に通知してその処分に立ち会わせなければならない。
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Article 114(1)In executing a search warrant or seizure warrant in a public office, the executing officer shall notify the head of the office or his/her deputy of the execution, and have him/her attend it.
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(2)Except for the cases provided in the preceding paragraph, in executing the search warrant or seizure warrant in the residence of a person, or on the premises, in a building or a vessel guarded by a person, the executing officer shall have the head of the household, the guard or his/her deputy attend its execution.When such person is unable to do so, the executing officer shall have a neighbor or an official of the local government attend the execution.
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第百十五条女子の身体について捜索状の執行をする場合には、成年の女子をこれに立ち会わせなければならない。但し、急速を要する場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 115In executing a search warrant on the body of a female, the executing officer shall have a female adult attend the execution; provided, however, that this shall not apply in a case requiring urgency.
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第百十六条日出前、日没後には、令状に夜間でも執行することができる旨の記載がなければ、差押状又は捜索状の執行のため、人の住居又は人の看守する邸宅、建造物若しくは船舶内に入ることはできない。
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Article 116(1)The executing officer shall not enter the residence of a person, or premises, building or vessel guarded by a person to execute a search warrant or seizure warrant before sunrise or after sunset unless the warrant contains a written statement that execution during the night is permitted.
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第百十七条左の場所で差押状又は捜索状の執行をするについては、前条第一項に規定する制限によることを要しない。
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Article 117The execution of a search warrant or seizure warrant need not be restricted as prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article in the following places:
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一賭博、富くじ又は風俗を害する行為に常用されるものと認められる場所
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(i)Places considered to be habitually used for gambling, private lotteries or acts prejudicial to public morals;
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二旅館、飲食店その他夜間でも公衆が出入することができる場所。但し、公開した時間内に限る。
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(ii)Hotels, restaurants or other places where the public are able to enter and leave at night; provided, however, that this shall apply only to search and seizure executed during the hours when the places are open to the public.
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第百十八条差押状又は捜索状の執行を中止する場合において必要があるときは、執行が終るまでその場所を閉鎖し、又は看守者を置くことができる。
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Article 118The executing officer may, when it is necessary in suspending execution of the search warrant or seizure warrant, close up the place under execution or put the place under guard until execution has been completed.
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第百十九条捜索をした場合において証拠物又は没収すべきものがないときは、捜索を受けた者の請求により、その旨の証明書を交付しなければならない。
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Article 119When no article of evidence or article requiring confiscation has been found in a search, the executing officer shall, upon the request of the person who is undergoing the search, issue a certificate certifying as such.
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第百二十条押収をした場合には、その目録を作り、所有者、所持者若しくは保管者又はこれらの者に代るべき者に、これを交付しなければならない。
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Article 120When articles have been seized, the executing officer shall make an inventory and deliver it to the owner, possessor, custodian of the articles or his/her deputy.
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第百二十一条運搬又は保管に不便な押収物については、看守者を置き、又は所有者その他の者に、その承諾を得て、これを保管させることができる。
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Article 121(1)Seized articles which are inconvenient for transportation or retention may be put under guard or the owner or another person, after giving consent, may be made to retain them.
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第百二十二条没収することができる押収物で滅失若しくは破損の虞があるもの又は保管に不便なものについては、これを売却してその代価を保管することができる。
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Article 122Seized articles which may be confiscated, and for which there is the fear that they may be easily lost or damaged or articles, which are inconvenient for retention, may be sold and their proceeds may be retained.
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第百二十三条押収物で留置の必要がないものは、被告事件の終結を待たないで、決定でこれを還付しなければならない。
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Article 123(1)Seized articles which do not necessitate custody shall, notwithstanding the conclusion of the case, be returned by a ruling.
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第百二十四条押収した贓物で留置の必要がないものは、被害者に還付すべき理由が明らかなときに限り、被告事件の終結を待たないで、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人の意見を聴き、決定でこれを被害者に還付しなければならない。
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Article 124(1)Seized property which has been obtained through a crime against property and which does not need to be placed in custody shall, only when the reason necessitating return to the victim is clear, notwithstanding the conclusion of the case and after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel, be returned to the victim by a ruling.
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第百二十五条押収又は捜索は、合議体の構成員にこれをさせ、又はこれをすべき地の地方裁判所、家庭裁判所若しくは簡易裁判所の裁判官にこれを嘱託することができる。
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Article 125(1)Search or seizure may be commissioned to a judge of a collegiate panel, or may be delegated to a judge of the district court, family court or summary court in the district where the search or seizure is to be executed.
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第百二十六条検察事務官又は司法警察職員は、勾引状又は勾留状を執行する場合において必要があるときは、人の住居又は人の看守する邸宅、建造物若しくは船舶内に入り、被告人の捜索をすることができる。この場合には、捜索状は、これを必要としない。
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Article 126The public prosecutor's assistant officer or judicial police official may, when it is necessary to execute a subpoena or detention warrant, enter the residence of a person, or premises, building or vessel guarded by a person and search there for the accused.In such case, a search warrant need not be in his/her possession.
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第百二十七条第百十一条、第百十二条、第百十四条及び第百十八条の規定は、前条の規定により検察事務官又は司法警察職員がする捜索についてこれを準用する。但し、急速を要する場合は、第百十四条第二項の規定によることを要しない。
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Article 127The provisions of Articles 111, 112, 114 and 118 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the search by a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official as prescribed in the preceding Article; provided, however, that in a case requiring urgency, the search need not be in accordance with paragraph (2) of Article 114.
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第十章 検証
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Chapter X Inspection
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第百二十八条裁判所は、事実発見のため必要があるときは、検証することができる。
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Article 128The court may, when it is necessary for fact-finding, conduct an inspection.
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第百二十九条検証については、身体の検査、死体の解剖、墳墓の発掘、物の破壊その他必要な処分をすることができる。
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Article 129The court may conduct a body search, autopsy, grave excavation, destruction of objects and other necessary measures in the inspection.
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第百三十条日出前、日没後には、住居主若しくは看守者又はこれらの者に代るべき者の承諾がなければ、検証のため、人の住居又は人の看守する邸宅、建造物若しくは船舶内に入ることはできない。但し、日出後では検証の目的を達することができない虞がある場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 130(1)The court shall not enter the residence of a person, or premises, building or vessel guarded by a person for inspection before sunrise or after sunset without the consent of the head of the household, the guard or his/her deputy; provided, however, that this shall not apply when there is the fear that an inspection after sunrise may not fulfill the purpose of inspection.
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第百三十一条身体の検査については、これを受ける者の性別、健康状態その他の事情を考慮した上、特にその方法に注意し、その者の名誉を害しないように注意しなければならない。
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Article 131(1)A body search, taking into account the sex, physical condition and other circumstances of the person undergoing it, shall be executed with due care given especially to the manner of the search, so as not to harm the honor of the person being searched.
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第百三十二条裁判所は、身体の検査のため、被告人以外の者を裁判所又は指定の場所に召喚することができる。
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Article 132The court may summon a person other than the accused to the court or a designated place for a body search.
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第百三十三条前条の規定により召喚を受けた者が正当な理由がなく出頭しないときは、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処し、かつ、出頭しないために生じた費用の賠償を命ずることができる。
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Article 133(1)When the person who was summoned in accordance with the provision of the preceding Article does not appear without justifiable reason, the court may punish him/her by a ruling of a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen and order him/her to compensate for the expenses caused by the absence.
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第百三十四条第百三十二条の規定により召喚を受け正当な理由がなく出頭しない者は、十万円以下の罰金又は拘留に処する。
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Article 134(1)Any person who has been summoned in accordance with the provision of Article 132 but does not appear without justifiable reason shall be punished by a fine of not more than 100,000 yen or a misdemeanor detention.
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第百三十五条第百三十二条の規定による召喚に応じない者は、更にこれを召喚し、又はこれを勾引することができる。
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Article 135When any person disobeys the summons prescribed in the provision of Article 132, the court may re-summon or subpoena him/her.
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第百三十六条第六十二条、第六十三条及び第六十五条の規定は、第百三十二条及び前条の規定による召喚について、第六十二条、第六十四条、第六十六条、第六十七条、第七十条、第七十一条及び第七十三条第一項の規定は、前条の規定による勾引についてこれを準用する。
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Article 136The provisions of Articles 62, 63 and 65 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the summons prescribed in the provisions of Article 132 and the preceding Article, and the provisions of Articles 62, 64, 66, 67, 70, 71 and paragraph (1) of Article 73 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the subpoena prescribed in the preceding Article.
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第百三十七条被告人又は被告人以外の者が正当な理由がなく身体の検査を拒んだときは、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処し、かつ、その拒絶により生じた費用の賠償を命ずることができる。
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Article 137(1)When the accused or a person other than the accused refuses a body search without justifiable reason, the court may punish him/her by a ruling of a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen and order him/her to compensate for the expenses caused by the refusal.
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第百三十八条正当な理由がなく身体の検査を拒んだ者は、十万円以下の罰金又は拘留に処する。
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Article 138(1)Any person who refuses a body search without justifiable reason shall be punished by a fine of not more than 100,000 yen or a misdemeanor detention.
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第百三十九条裁判所は、身体の検査を拒む者を過料に処し、又はこれに刑を科しても、その効果がないと認めるときは、そのまま、身体の検査を行うことができる。
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Article 139The court may, when it deems that a civil fine or criminal punishment has no effect on the person refusing the body search, execute the search compulsorily.
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第百四十条裁判所は、第百三十七条の規定により過料を科し、又は前条の規定により身体の検査をするにあたつては、あらかじめ、検察官の意見を聴き、且つ、身体の検査を受ける者の異議の理由を知るため適当な努力をしなければならない。
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Article 140The court shall, when it is going to punish a person by a civil fine in accordance with Article 137, or execute a body search in accordance with the preceding Article, hear the opinion of the public prosecutor in advance, and endeavor fully to ascertain the reason for the objection of the person to undergo a body search.
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第百四十一条検証をするについて必要があるときは、司法警察職員に補助をさせることができる。
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Article 141The court may, when it is necessary for the search, have a judicial police official assist.
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第百四十二条第百十二条乃至第百十四条、第百十八条及び第百二十五条の規定は、検証についてこれを準用する。
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Article 142Articles 112 to 114, 118 and 125 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the search.
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第十一章 証人尋問
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Chapter XI Examination of Witnesses
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第百四十三条裁判所は、この法律に特別の定のある場合を除いては、何人でも証人としてこれを尋問することができる。
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Article 143The court may, except as otherwise provided in this Code, examine any person as a witness.
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第百四十四条公務員又は公務員であつた者が知り得た事実について、本人又は当該公務所から職務上の秘密に関するものであることを申し立てたときは、当該監督官庁の承諾がなければ証人としてこれを尋問することはできない。但し、当該監督官庁は、国の重大な利益を害する場合を除いては、承諾を拒むことができない。
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Article 144The court shall not examine, without the consent of the supervisory public agency, a public officer or ex-public officer on matters which he/she has come to know, when the officer or the public office asserts that the knowledge of the public officer or ex-public officer pertains to official confidential information; provided, however, that the supervisory public agency may not refuse to give consent except where such examination may harm important national interests.
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第百四十五条左に掲げる者が前条の申立をしたときは、第一号に掲げる者についてはその院、第二号に掲げる者については内閣の承諾がなければ、証人としてこれを尋問することはできない。
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Article 145(1)When the person prescribed in the following items asserts as prescribed in the preceding Article, the court may not examine him/her as a witness without the consent of the House with regard to the person prescribed in item (i), or the consent of the Cabinet with regard to the person prescribed in item (ii).
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一衆議院若しくは参議院の議員又はその職に在つた者
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(i)A Member or ex-Member of the House of Representatives or the House of Councillors
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二内閣総理大臣その他の国務大臣又はその職に在つた者
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(ii)The Prime Minister, other Ministers of State or ex-Ministers of State.
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第百四十六条何人も、自己が刑事訴追を受け、又は有罪判決を受ける虞のある証言を拒むことができる。
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Article 146Any person may refuse to give testimony when there is the fear that such testimony may result in his/her criminal prosecution or conviction.
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第百四十七条何人も、左に掲げる者が刑事訴追を受け、又は有罪判決を受ける虞のある証言を拒むことができる。
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Article 147Any person may refuse to give testimony when there is the fear that such testimony may result in criminal prosecution or conviction against:
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一自己の配偶者、三親等内の血族若しくは二親等内の姻族又は自己とこれらの親族関係があつた者
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(i)His/her spouse, blood relatives within the third degree of kinship or relatives by affinity within the second degree of kinship or a person who formerly had such relative relationships with him/her;
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二自己の後見人、後見監督人又は保佐人
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(ii)His/her guardian, the supervisor of his/her guardian or a curator
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三自己を後見人、後見監督人又は保佐人とする者
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(iii)A person for whom he/she is a guardian, supervisor of a guardian or a curator
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第百四十八条共犯又は共同被告人の一人又は数人に対し前条の関係がある者でも、他の共犯又は共同被告人のみに関する事項については、証言を拒むことはできない。
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Article 148A person who has the relationship prescribed in the preceding Article with one or more of the accomplices or co-defendants may not refuse to give testimony on matters relating only to the other accomplices or co-defendants.
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第百四十九条医師、歯科医師、助産師、看護師、弁護士(外国法事務弁護士を含む。)、弁理士、公証人、宗教の職に在る者又はこれらの職に在つた者は、業務上委託を受けたため知り得た事実で他人の秘密に関するものについては、証言を拒むことができる。但し、本人が承諾した場合、証言の拒絶が被告人のためのみにする権利の濫用と認められる場合(被告人が本人である場合を除く。)その他裁判所の規則で定める事由がある場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 149A physician, dentist, midwife, nurse, attorney (including a foreign lawyer registered in Japan), patent attorney, notary public or a person engaged in a religious occupation, or any other person who was formerly engaged in any of these professions may refuse to give testimony on matters pertaining to the confidential information of others which he/she came to know through entrusted professional conduct; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the person in question has given consent, when the refusal is deemed to be an abuse of rights wholly for the interests of the accused (unless the person is the accused), or where there exist other circumstances provided for by the Rules of Court.
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第百五十条召喚を受けた証人が正当な理由がなく出頭しないときは、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処し、かつ、出頭しないために生じた費用の賠償を命ずることができる。
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Article 150(1)When the summoned witness does not appear without justifiable reason, the court may punish him/her by a ruling of a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen and order him/her to compensate for the expenses caused by the absence.
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第百五十一条証人として召喚を受け正当な理由がなく出頭しない者は、十万円以下の罰金又は拘留に処する。
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Article 151(1)Any person summoned as a witness who does not appear without justifiable reason shall be punished by a fine of not more than 100,000 yen or a misdemeanor detention.
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第百五十二条召喚に応じない証人に対しては、更にこれを召喚し、又はこれを勾引することができる。
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Article 152When the witness fails to obey the summons, the court may re-summon or subpoena him/her.
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第百五十三条第六十二条、第六十三条及び第六十五条の規定は、証人の召喚について、第六十二条、第六十四条、第六十六条、第六十七条、第七十条、第七十一条及び第七十三条第一項の規定は、証人の勾引についてこれを準用する。
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Article 153The provisions of Articles 62, 63 and 65 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the summons of a witness. The provisions of Articles 62, 64, 66, 67, 70, 71 and paragraph (1) of Article 73 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the subpoena of a witness.
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第百五十三条の二勾引状の執行を受けた証人を護送する場合又は引致した場合において必要があるときは、一時最寄の警察署その他の適当な場所にこれを留置することができる。
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Article 153-2When it is necessary to escort or bring a witness to the designated place on execution of a subpoena, the court may temporarily detain him/her at the nearest police station or any other appropriate place.
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第百五十四条証人には、この法律に特別の定のある場合を除いて、宣誓をさせなければならない。
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Article 154The court shall, except as otherwise provided in this Code, have a witness swear an oath.
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第百五十五条宣誓の趣旨を理解することができない者は、宣誓をさせないで、これを尋問しなければならない。
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Article 155(1)The court shall, with regard to a witness unable to understand the meaning of an oath, examine him/her without the oath.
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第百五十六条証人には、その実験した事実により推測した事項を供述させることができる。
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Article 156(1)The court may have a witness testify on matters inferred from the things which he/she has actually experienced.
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第百五十七条検察官、被告人又は弁護人は、証人の尋問に立ち会うことができる。
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Article 157(1)The public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel may attend the examination of a witness.
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(2)The date, time and location of the witness examination shall be notified in advance to those who are entitled to attend the examination in accordance with the preceding paragraph; provided, however, that this shall not apply when any of these persons declares in advance to the court their intent of not attending.
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第百五十七条の二裁判所は、証人を尋問する場合において、証人の年齢、心身の状態その他の事情を考慮し、証人が著しく不安又は緊張を覚えるおそれがあると認めるときは、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人の意見を聴き、その不安又は緊張を緩和するのに適当であり、かつ、裁判官若しくは訴訟関係人の尋問若しくは証人の供述を妨げ、又はその供述の内容に不当な影響を与えるおそれがないと認める者を、その証人の供述中、証人に付き添わせることができる。
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Article 157-2(1)In the examination of a witness the court may, after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel, when, taking into account the witness's age, mental or physical condition or other circumstances, the witness is likely to feel extreme anxiety or tension, have the witness accompanied during the testimony of the witness by those who are appropriate in easing the witness's anxiety or tension, and are unlikely to disturb examination by a judge or persons concerned in the case or the testimony of the witness, and are unlikely to unduly influence the contents of the testimony.
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(2)The person accompanying the witness in accordance with the preceding paragraph shall not behave in any manner, during the testimony of the witness, which may disturb examination by a judge or persons concerned in the case or the testimony of the witness, or which may unduly influence the contents of the testimony.
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第百五十七条の三裁判所は、証人を尋問する場合において、犯罪の性質、証人の年齢、心身の状態、被告人との関係その他の事情により、証人が被告人の面前(次条第一項に規定する方法による場合を含む。)において供述するときは圧迫を受け精神の平穏を著しく害されるおそれがあると認める場合であつて、相当と認めるときは、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人の意見を聴き、被告人とその証人との間で、一方から又は相互に相手の状態を認識することができないようにするための措置を採ることができる。ただし、被告人から証人の状態を認識することができないようにするための措置については、弁護人が出頭している場合に限り、採ることができる。
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Article 157-3(1)In the examination of a witness the court may, after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel, when, taking into account the nature of the crime, the witness's age, mental or physical condition, relationship with the accused or other circumstances that the witness is likely to feel pressure and his/her peace of mind is likely to be seriously harmed while testifying in the presence of the accused (including cases with the method provided in paragraph (1) of the following Article) and when the court believes it to be appropriate, take measures so that the accused and the witness cannot discern the state of the other either from one side or from both sides; provided, however, that measures to make it impossible for the accused to discern the state of the witness may only be taken when counsel is present.
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(2)In the examination of a witness, the court may, after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel, when it believes it to be appropriate, taking into account the nature of the crime, the witness's age, mental or physical condition or effects upon his/her honor or other circumstances, take measures so that the spectators and the witness cannot discern the state of the other.
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第百五十七条の四裁判所は、次に掲げる者を証人として尋問する場合において、相当と認めるときは、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人の意見を聴き、裁判官及び訴訟関係人が証人を尋問するために在席する場所以外の場所(これらの者が在席する場所と同一の構内に限る。)にその証人を在席させ、映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によつて、尋問することができる。
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Article 157-4(1)In the examination of a witness prescribed in the following items, the court may, when it believes it to be appropriate, after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel, have the witness be present in a place other than the place where the judge and other persons concerned in the case are present for examination of the witness (limited to the same premises), and examine the witness in a way using devices that allow recognition of the state of the other and communication by transmission of visual images and sound:
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一刑法第百七十六条から第百七十八条まで、第百八十一条、第二百二十五条(わいせつ又は結婚の目的に係る部分に限る。以下この号において同じ。)、第二百二十七条第一項(第二百二十五条の罪を犯した者を幇助する目的に係る部分に限る。)若しくは第三項(わいせつの目的に係る部分に限る。)若しくは第二百四十一条前段の罪又はこれらの罪の未遂罪の被害者
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(i)The victim of the crimes or attempts of the crimes provided for in Articles 176 to 178, 181, 225 (limited to cases with the purpose of indecency or marriage; the same shall apply in this item hereinafter), paragraph (1) (limited to cases with the purpose of accessory to the person who commits the crime provided for in Article 225) or paragraph (3) (limited to cases with the purpose of indecency) of Article 227, or the first sentence of Article 241 of Penal Code.
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二児童福祉法(昭和二十二年法律第百六十四号)第六十条第一項の罪若しくは同法第三十四条第一項第九号に係る同法第六十条第二項の罪又は児童買春、児童ポルノに係る行為等の処罰及び児童の保護等に関する法律(平成十一年法律第五十二号)第四条から第八条までの罪の被害者
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(ii)The victim of the crimes provided for in paragraph (1) of Article 60 or in paragraph (2) pertaining to item (ix) of paragraph (1) of Article 34 of the Child Welfare Act (Act No. 164, 1947), or Articles 4 to 8 of the Act on Punishing Activities Relating to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and the Protection of Children (Act No. 512, 1999).
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三前二号に掲げる者のほか、犯罪の性質、証人の年齢、心身の状態、被告人との関係その他の事情により、裁判官及び訴訟関係人が証人を尋問するために在席する場所において供述するときは圧迫を受け精神の平穏を著しく害されるおそれがあると認められる者
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(iii)In addition to those prescribed in the preceding two items, a person who, taking into account the nature of the crime, his/her age, mental or physical condition, the relationship with the accused or other circumstances, is likely to feel pressure and whose peace of mind would be seriously harmed while testifying at the place where the judge and persons concerned in the case are present for examination of the witness.
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(2)In the examination of a witness with the measure prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the court may, when it is supposed that the witness will be requested to testify on the same facts again in another criminal procedure, after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel and with the consent of the witness, record the examination, the testimony and the circumstances of the witness on a recording medium (which is able to record images and sound simultaneously; the same shall apply hereinafter).
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第百五十八条裁判所は、証人の重要性、年齢、職業、健康状態その他の事情と事案の軽重とを考慮した上、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人の意見を聴き、必要と認めるときは、裁判所外にこれを召喚し、又はその現在場所でこれを尋問することができる。
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Article 158(1)The court may, after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel, and when the court believes it to be necessary, taking into account the importance of the witness, his/her age, occupation, physical condition and other circumstances and the gravity of the case, summon a witness for examination to a place outside of the court or examine him/her at his/her present place.
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第百五十九条裁判所は、検察官、被告人又は弁護人が前条の証人尋問に立ち会わなかつたときは、立ち会わなかつた者に、証人の供述の内容を知る機会を与えなければならない。
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Article 159(1)The court shall, when the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel was absent from the examination prescribed in the preceding Article, give him/her an opportunity to know of the contents of the testimony of the witness.
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第百六十条証人が正当な理由がなく宣誓又は証言を拒んだときは、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処し、かつ、その拒絶により生じた費用の賠償を命ずることができる。
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Article 160(1)When a witness refuses to swear an oath or testify without justifiable reason, the court may punish him/her by a ruling of a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen and order him/her to compensate for the expenses caused by his/her refusal.
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第百六十一条正当な理由がなく宣誓又は証言を拒んだ者は、十万円以下の罰金又は拘留に処する。
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Article 161(1)Any person who refuses to swear an oath or testify without justifiable reason shall be punished by a fine of not more than 100,000 yen or a misdemeanor detention.
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第百六十二条裁判所は、必要があるときは、決定で指定の場所に証人の同行を命ずることができる。証人が正当な理由がなく同行に応じないときは、これを勾引することができる。
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Article 162The court may, when it is necessary, order the witness to be accompanied to a designated place by a ruling.When he/she disobeys the order without justifiable reason, the court may subpoena him/her.
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第百六十三条裁判所外で証人を尋問すべきときは、合議体の構成員にこれをさせ、又は証人の現在地の地方裁判所、家庭裁判所若しくは簡易裁判所の裁判官にこれを嘱託することができる。
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Article 163(1)When a witness is to be examined outside the court, the court may commission a judge of a collegiate panel to examine him/her, or delegate examination to a judge of the district court, family court or summary court of the present place of the accused.
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第百六十四条証人は、旅費、日当及び宿泊料を請求することができる。但し、正当な理由がなく宣誓又は証言を拒んだ者は、この限りでない。
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Article 164(1)A witness may request travel expenses, a daily allowance and accommodation charges; provided, however, that this shall not apply when he/she refuses to swear an oath or testify without justifiable reason.
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第十二章 鑑定
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Chapter XII Expert Evidence
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第百六十五条裁判所は、学識経験のある者に鑑定を命ずることができる。
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Article 165The court may order expert examination from a person with relevant knowledge and experience.
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第百六十六条鑑定人には、宣誓をさせなければならない。
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Article 166The court shall have an expert witness swear an oath.
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第百六十七条被告人の心神又は身体に関する鑑定をさせるについて必要があるときは、裁判所は、期間を定め、病院その他の相当な場所に被告人を留置することができる。
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Article 167(1)When it is necessary to have the expert witness examine the mental or physical condition of the accused, the court may, determining a period, detain the accused in a hospital or any other appropriate place.
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第百六十七条の二勾留中の被告人に対し鑑定留置状が執行されたときは、被告人が留置されている間、勾留は、その執行を停止されたものとする。
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Article 167-2(1)When a detention warrant for expert examination is executed against an accused under detention, the execution of detention shall be deemed to be suspended while he/she is under detention for expert examination.
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第百六十八条鑑定人は、鑑定について必要がある場合には、裁判所の許可を受けて、人の住居若しくは人の看守する邸宅、建造物若しくは船舶内に入り、身体を検査し、死体を解剖し、墳墓を発掘し、又は物を破壊することができる。
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Article 168(1)The expert witness may, upon the permission of the court, when it is necessary for expert examination, enter the residence of a person, or premises, building or vessel guarded by a person, or conduct a body search, perform an autopsy, excavate a grave or destroy objects.
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(2)The court shall, when it gives permission as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, issue a written permit which contains the name of the accused, the crime, and the place to be entered, the body to be searched, the corpse to be autopsied, the tomb to be excavated, the object to be destroyed and the name of the expert witness and other matters provided for by the Rules of Court.
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第百六十九条裁判所は、合議体の構成員に鑑定について必要な処分をさせることができる。但し、第百六十七条第一項に規定する処分については、この限りでない。
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Article 169The court may have a judge of a collegiate panel take necessary dispositions for expert examination; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the disposition provided for in paragraph (1) of Article 167.
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第百七十条検察官及び弁護人は、鑑定に立ち会うことができる。この場合には、第百五十七条第二項の規定を準用する。
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Article 170The public prosecutor or counsel may attend the expert examination.In this case, the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 157 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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第百七十一条前章の規定は、勾引に関する規定を除いて、鑑定についてこれを準用する。
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Article 171The provisions of the preceding Chapter, except those pertaining to a subpoena, shall apply mutatis mutandis to expert evidence.
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第百七十二条身体の検査を受ける者が、鑑定人の第百六十八条第一項の規定によつてする身体の検査を拒んだ場合には、鑑定人は、裁判官にその者の身体の検査を請求することができる。
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Article 172(1)When a person who is to undergo a body search refuses the body search of an expert witness prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 168, the expert witness may request a judge for the body search.
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第百七十三条鑑定人は、旅費、日当及び宿泊料の外、鑑定料を請求し、及び鑑定に必要な費用の支払又は償還を受けることができる。
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Article 173(1)The expert witness may request expert examination fees in addition to travel expenses, a daily allowance and accommodation charges, and receive payment or reimbursement of the expenses necessary for expert examination.
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第百七十四条特別の知識によつて知り得た過去の事実に関する尋問については、この章の規定によらないで、前章の規定を適用する。
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Article 174With regard to examination pertaining to past facts which have come to be known through special knowledge, the provisions of the preceding Chapter shall apply instead of the provisions of this Chapter.
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第十三章 通訳及び翻訳
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Chapter XIII Interpretation and Translation
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第百七十五条国語に通じない者に陳述をさせる場合には、通訳人に通訳をさせなければならない。
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Article 175When the court has a person who is not proficient in the national language make a statement, it shall have an interpreter interpret it.
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第百七十六条耳の聞えない者又は口のきけない者に陳述をさせる場合には、通訳人に通訳をさせることができる。
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Article 176When the court has a person who is unable to hear or speak make a statement, it may have an interpreter interpret it.
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第百七十七条国語でない文字又は符号は、これを翻訳させることができる。
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Article 177The court may have letters or marks written in languages other than the national language translated.
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第百七十八条前章の規定は、通訳及び翻訳についてこれを準用する。
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Article 178The provisions of the preceding Chapter shall apply mutatis mutandis to interpretation and translation.
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第十四章 証拠保全
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Chapter XIV Preservation of Evidence
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第百七十九条被告人、被疑者又は弁護人は、あらかじめ証拠を保全しておかなければその証拠を使用することが困難な事情があるときは、第一回の公判期日前に限り、裁判官に押収、捜索、検証、証人の尋問又は鑑定の処分を請求することができる。
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Article 179(1)The accused, suspect, or his/her counsel may, only before the first trial date, and when there are circumstances which suggest that it will be difficult to use the evidence unless it is preserved in advance, request a judge for a disposition on seizure, search, inspection, witness examination or expert examination.
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第百八十条検察官及び弁護人は、裁判所において、前条第一項の処分に関する書類及び証拠物を閲覧し、且つ謄写することができる。但し、弁護人が証拠物の謄写をするについては、裁判官の許可を受けなければならない。
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Article 180(1)The public prosecutor and the counsel may inspect and copy the documents and articles of evidence pertaining to the dispositions prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article in court; provided, however, that counsel shall receive permission from the judge to copy the articles of evidence.
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第十五章 訴訟費用
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Chapter XV Court Costs
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第百八十一条刑の言渡をしたときは、被告人に訴訟費用の全部又は一部を負担させなければならない。但し、被告人が貧困のため訴訟費用を納付することのできないことが明らかであるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 181(1)When the court renders punishment, it shall have the accused bear all or part of the court costs; provided, however, that this shall not apply when it is clear that the accused can not afford the court costs because of indigence.
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(3)When only a public prosecutor has filed an appeal and the appeal has been dismissed or withdrawn, the court may not have the accused bear the court costs in the appellate procedure; provided, however, that this shall not apply to costs which have arisen from a cause imputable to the accused him/herself.
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第百八十二条共犯の訴訟費用は、共犯人に、連帯して、これを負担させることができる。
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Article 182The court may have the court costs of co-defendants be borne by the co-defendants jointly and severally.
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第百八十三条告訴、告発又は請求により公訴の提起があつた事件について被告人が無罪又は免訴の裁判を受けた場合において、告訴人、告発人又は請求人に故意又は重大な過失があつたときは、その者に訴訟費用を負担させることができる。
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Article 183When the accused has been rendered an acquittal or a dismissal in cases where the prosecution arose from a complaint, accusation or claim and when there was intent or gross negligence on the part of the person filing the complaint, accusation or claim, the court may have the person who filed it bear the court costs.
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第百八十四条検察官以外の者が上訴又は再審若しくは正式裁判の請求を取り下げた場合には、その者に上訴、再審又は正式裁判に関する費用を負担させることができる。
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Article 184When a person other than a public prosecutor withdraws an appeal, retrial or a claim for a formal trial, the court may have him/her bear the court costs of the appeal, retrial or claim for a formal trial.
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第百八十五条裁判によつて訴訟手続が終了する場合において、被告人に訴訟費用を負担させるときは、職権でその裁判をしなければならない。この裁判に対しては、本案の裁判について上訴があつたときに限り、不服を申し立てることができる。
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Article 185When the court proceeding is concluded by a judgment and the court costs are to be borne by the accused, the court shall make the judgment ex officio.An appeal against this judgment shall only be made in the case of an appeal against a judgment of merit.
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第百八十六条裁判によつて訴訟手続が終了する場合において、被告人以外の者に訴訟費用を負担させるときは、職権で別にその決定をしなければならない。この決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
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Article 186When the court proceeding is concluded by a judgment and the court costs are to be borne by a person other than the accused, the court shall make a ruling ex officio and separately.An immediate appeal against this ruling may be filed.
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第百八十七条裁判によらないで訴訟手続が終了する場合において、訴訟費用を負担させるときは、最終に事件の係属した裁判所が、職権でその決定をしなければならない。この決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
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Article 187When the court proceeding is concluded without a judgment and the court costs are to be borne, the ruling shall be made ex officio by the court where the case was last pending.An immediate appeal against this ruling may be filed.
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第百八十八条訴訟費用の負担を命ずる裁判にその額を表示しないときは、執行の指揮をすべき検察官が、これを算定する。
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Article 188When the court does not indicate the amount of the costs in the judgment ordering the bearing of court costs, the public prosecutor who is to direct execution of the judgment shall calculate it.
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第十六章 費用の補償
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Chapter XVI Compensation of Costs
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第百八十八条の二無罪の判決が確定したときは、国は、当該事件の被告人であつた者に対し、その裁判に要した費用の補償をする。ただし、被告人であつた者の責めに帰すべき事由によつて生じた費用については、補償をしないことができる。
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Article 188-2(1)When an acquittal becomes final and binding, the State shall compensate the person who was the accused of the case for the expenses which were needed for the trial; provided, however, that the State shall not be required to compensate expenses which arose from a cause imputable to the person who was the accused.
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(2)When it is deemed that the person who was the accused made a false confession or fabricated other evidence of guilt for the purpose of misleading the investigation or the trial, which subsequently led to prosecution being instituted against him/her, the State shall not be required to compensate all or part of the expenses prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
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第百八十八条の三前条第一項の補償は、被告人であつた者の請求により、無罪の判決をした裁判所が、決定をもつてこれを行う。
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Article 188-3(1)The compensation prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall, upon the request of the person who was the accused, be made by a ruling of the court which rendered the acquittal.
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第百八十八条の四検察官のみが上訴をした場合において、上訴が棄却され又は取り下げられて当該上訴に係る原裁判が確定したときは、これによつて無罪の判決が確定した場合を除き、国は、当該事件の被告人又は被告人であつた者に対し、上訴によりその審級において生じた費用の補償をする。ただし、被告人又は被告人であつた者の責めに帰すべき事由によつて生じた費用については、補償をしないことができる。
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Article 188-4When only a public prosecutor has filed an appeal and the appeal has been dismissed or withdrawn and the original judgment becomes final and binding, except when an acquittal becomes final and binding by a dismissal or withdrawal, the State shall compensate the accused or the person who was the accused of the case for the expenses caused by the appeal in the court of instance; provided, however, that the State shall not be required to compensate the accused or the person who was the accused for expenses which have arisen from a cause imputable to him/herself.
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第百八十八条の五前条の補償は、被告人又は被告人であつた者の請求により、当該上訴裁判所であつた最高裁判所又は高等裁判所が、決定をもつてこれを行う。
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Article 188-5(1)The compensation prescribed in the preceding Article shall, upon the request of the accused or the person who was the accused, be made by a ruling of the Supreme Court or of the high court as the appellate court of that case.
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第百八十八条の六第百八十八条の二第一項又は第百八十八条の四の規定により補償される費用の範囲は、被告人若しくは被告人であつた者又はそれらの者の弁護人であつた者が公判準備及び公判期日に出頭するに要した旅費、日当及び宿泊料並びに弁護人であつた者に対する報酬に限るものとし、その額に関しては、刑事訴訟費用に関する法律の規定中、被告人又は被告人であつた者については証人、弁護人であつた者については弁護人に関する規定を準用する。
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Article 188-6(1)The scope of the expenses to be compensated as prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 188-2 or Article 188-4 shall be limited to the travel expenses, daily allowance and accommodation charges which were necessary for the accused or the person who was the accused or his/her counsel to appear for trial preparation or for the trial date and remuneration for the person who was the counsel, and, with regard to the amount, the provisions in the Act on Criminal Court Costs pertaining to a witness shall apply mutatis mutandis to the accused or the person who was the accused, and the provisions pertaining to the counsel shall apply mutatis mutandis to the person who was the counsel.
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(2)When two or more counsels have appeared for the trial preparation or trial date, the court may, taking into account the nature of the case, the proceedings of the trial and other circumstances, limit the travel expenses, daily allowance and accommodation charges to be paid to the person who was the counsel as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, to expenses paid to the chief counsel and some of the other counsels.
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第百八十八条の七補償の請求その他補償に関する手続、補償と他の法律による損害賠償との関係、補償を受ける権利の譲渡又は差押え及び被告人又は被告人であつた者の相続人に対する補償については、この法律に特別の定めがある場合のほか、刑事補償法(昭和二十五年法律第一号)第一条に規定する補償の例による。
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Article 188-7Requests and other procedures concerning compensation, the correlation between compensation and compensation for damages provided for by other acts, the assignment or the civil seizure of the obligation-right of compensation; and compensation towards the heirs of the accused or the person who was the accused shall be governed by Article 1 of the Criminal Compensation Act (Act No. l, 1950), except as otherwise provided by this Code.
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第二編 第一審
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Part II First Instance
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第一章 捜査
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Chapter I Inquiry and Investigation
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第百八十九条警察官は、それぞれ、他の法律又は国家公安委員会若しくは都道府県公安委員会の定めるところにより、司法警察職員として職務を行う。
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Article 189(1)A police official shall perform his/her duties as a judicial police official pursuant to the provisions of other acts, or pursuant to the regulations of the National Public Safety Commission or Prefectural Public Safety Commission.
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第百九十条森林、鉄道その他特別の事項について司法警察職員として職務を行うべき者及びその職務の範囲は、別に法律でこれを定める。
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Article 190Those who are to exercise the functions of a judicial police official with regard to forestry, railways or other special matters, and the scope of their functions shall be provided by other acts.
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第百九十一条検察官は、必要と認めるときは、自ら犯罪を捜査することができる。
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Article 191(1)A public prosecutor may, if he/she deems it necessary, investigate an offense him/herself.
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第百九十二条検察官と都道府県公安委員会及び司法警察職員とは、捜査に関し、互に協力しなければならない。
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Article 192There shall be mutual cooperation and coordination on the part of public prosecutors and the Prefectural Public Safety Commission and judicial police officials regarding the investigation.
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第百九十三条検察官は、その管轄区域により、司法警察職員に対し、その捜査に関し、必要な一般的指示をすることができる。この場合における指示は、捜査を適正にし、その他公訴の遂行を全うするために必要な事項に関する一般的な準則を定めることによつて行うものとする。
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Article 193(1)A public prosecutor may, within his/her jurisdiction, give necessary general instructions to judicial police officials regarding their investigation.Such instructions shall be given by setting forth general standards for a fair investigation and other matters necessary for the fulfillment of prosecution.
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第百九十四条検事総長、検事長又は検事正は、司法警察職員が正当な理由がなく検察官の指示又は指揮に従わない場合において必要と認めるときは、警察官たる司法警察職員については、国家公安委員会又は都道府県公安委員会に、警察官たる者以外の司法警察職員については、その者を懲戒し又は罷免する権限を有する者に、それぞれ懲戒又は罷免の訴追をすることができる。
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Article 194(1)The Prosecutor-General, Superintending Prosecutor of the High Public Prosecutors Office or Chief of the District Public Prosecutors Office may, when he/she deems it necessary in cases where judicial police officials fail to follow the instructions and orders of public prosecutors without justifiable grounds, file charges for disciplinary action against them or for their removal, either with the National Public Safety Commission or Prefectural Public Safety Commission in the case of judicial police officials who are police officials, or with the person who has the authority of disciplinary action or removal where they are judicial police officials other than police officials.
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(2)The National Public Safety Commission, the Prefectural Public Safety Commission, or the person who has the authority to institute disciplinary action or remove judicial police officials other than police officials shall, when it deems the charges given in the preceding paragraph to be well-founded, take disciplinary action against the persons charged or remove them, as prescribed by other acts.
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第百九十五条検察官及び検察事務官は、捜査のため必要があるときは、管轄区域外で職務を行うことができる。
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Article 195A public prosecutor and public prosecutor's assistant officer may, when it is necessary for the investigation, execute their duties outside their jurisdiction.
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第百九十六条検察官、検察事務官及び司法警察職員並びに弁護人その他職務上捜査に関係のある者は、被疑者その他の者の名誉を害しないように注意し、且つ、捜査の妨げとならないように注意しなければならない。
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Article 196A public prosecutor, public prosecutor's assistant officer, judicial police official, defense counsel and any other persons whose duties are related to the criminal investigation are required to take due care not to harm the reputation of the suspect or other persons, and due care not to interfere with administration of the criminal investigation.
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第百九十七条捜査については、その目的を達するため必要な取調をすることができる。但し、強制の処分は、この法律に特別の定のある場合でなければ、これをすることができない。
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Article 197(1)With regard to investigation, such examination as is necessary to achieve its objective may be conducted; provided, however, that compulsory dispositions shall not be applied unless special provisions have been established in this Code.
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第百九十八条検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察職員は、犯罪の捜査をするについて必要があるときは、被疑者の出頭を求め、これを取り調べることができる。但し、被疑者は、逮捕又は勾留されている場合を除いては、出頭を拒み、又は出頭後、何時でも退去することができる。
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Article 198(1)A public prosecutor, public prosecutor's assistant officer or judicial police official may ask any suspect to appear in their offices and interrogate him/her if it is necessary for the investigation of a crime; provided, however, that the suspect may, except in cases where he/she is under arrest or under detention, refuse to appear or after he/she has appeared, may withdraw at any time.
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第百九十九条検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察職員は、被疑者が罪を犯したことを疑うに足りる相当な理由があるときは、裁判官のあらかじめ発する逮捕状により、これを逮捕することができる。ただし、三十万円(刑法、暴力行為等処罰に関する法律及び経済関係罰則の整備に関する法律の罪以外の罪については、当分の間、二万円)以下の罰金、拘留又は科料に当たる罪については、被疑者が定まつた住居を有しない場合又は正当な理由がなく前条の規定による出頭の求めに応じない場合に限る。
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Article 199(1)When there exists sufficient probable cause to suspect that an offense has been committed by a suspect, a public prosecutor, public prosecutor's assistant officer or judicial police official may arrest him/her upon an arrest warrant issued in advance by a judge; provided, however, that with respect to offenses punishable with a fine not exceeding 300,000 yen (20,000 yen as a temporary measure for offenses other than those prescribed in the Penal Code, the Act on Punishment of Physical Violence and Others and the Act on Penal Provisions related to Economic Activities), misdemeanor imprisonment without work or a petty fine, the suspect may only be arrested in cases where the suspect has no fixed dwelling or where he/she fails, without justifiable grounds, to make the appearance provided for in the preceding Article.
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(2)In cases where a judge deems that there exists sufficient probable cause to suspect that the suspect has committed an offense, he/she shall issue the arrest warrant set forth in the preceding paragraph, upon the request of a public prosecutor or a judicial police officer (in the case of a judicial police officer who is a police official, only a person designated by the National Public Safety Commission or the Prefectural Public Safety Commission and who ranks as equal to or above chief inspector; the same shall apply hereinafter in this Article); provided, however, that this shall not apply in cases where the judge deems that there is clearly no necessity to arrest the suspect.
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第二百条逮捕状には、被疑者の氏名及び住居、罪名、被疑事実の要旨、引致すべき官公署その他の場所、有効期間及びその期間経過後は逮捕をすることができず令状はこれを返還しなければならない旨並びに発付の年月日その他裁判所の規則で定める事項を記載し、裁判官が、これに記名押印しなければならない。
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Article 200(1)An arrest warrant shall contain the name and residence of the suspect, the charged offense, a gist of the alleged facts of the crime, the public office or other place where the suspect is to be brought, the valid period and a statement that after expiry of the valid period the arrest warrant shall not be executed but shall be returned, the date of issue, and other matters as prescribed in the Rules of Court; and the judge shall affix his/her name and seal to it.
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第二百一条逮捕状により被疑者を逮捕するには、逮捕状を被疑者に示さなければならない。
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Article 201(1)When a suspect is arrested upon an arrest warrant, the arrest warrant shall be shown to the suspect.
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第二百二条検察事務官又は司法巡査が逮捕状により被疑者を逮捕したときは、直ちに、検察事務官はこれを検察官に、司法巡査はこれを司法警察員に引致しなければならない。
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Article 202When a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police constable has arrested a suspect upon an arrest warrant, the former shall immediately bring the suspect to a public prosecutor and the latter to a judicial police officer.
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第二百三条司法警察員は、逮捕状により被疑者を逮捕したとき、又は逮捕状により逮捕された被疑者を受け取つたときは、直ちに犯罪事実の要旨及び弁護人を選任することができる旨を告げた上、弁解の機会を与え、留置の必要がないと思料するときは直ちにこれを釈放し、留置の必要があると思料するときは被疑者が身体を拘束された時から四十八時間以内に書類及び証拠物とともにこれを検察官に送致する手続をしなければならない。
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Article 203(1)When a judicial police officer has arrested a suspect upon an arrest warrant or has received a suspect who was arrested upon an arrest warrant, he/she shall immediately inform the suspect of the essential facts of the suspected crime and the fact that the suspect may appoint defense counsel and then, giving the suspect an opportunity for explanation, he/she shall immediately release the suspect when he/she believes that it is not necessary to detain the suspect, or shall carry out the procedure of referring the suspect together with the documents and articles of evidence to a public prosecutor within 48 hours of the suspect being placed under physical restraint when he/she believes that it is necessary to detain the suspect.
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(3)When the judicial police officer informs the suspect of the fact that the suspect may appoint defense counsel in accordance with the provision of paragraph (1) for the case provided for in paragraph (1) of Article 37-2, the judicial police officer shall also enlighten the suspect that, in cases where a request for further detention of the suspect is made, the suspect may request the judge to appoint defense counsel when the suspect is unable to appoint defense counsel him/herself because of indigence or other reasons and that when requesting the judge for appointment of defense counsel the suspect must submit a report of financial resources; or if the suspect's resources are equal to or above the base amount, the suspect must have first requested a bar association (the bar association to which the request of paragraph (1) of Article 31-2 in accordance with paragraph (2) of Article 37-3 is to be made) to appoint defense counsel.
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第二百四条検察官は、逮捕状により被疑者を逮捕したとき、又は逮捕状により逮捕された被疑者(前条の規定により送致された被疑者を除く。)を受け取つたときは、直ちに犯罪事実の要旨及び弁護人を選任することができる旨を告げた上、弁解の機会を与え、留置の必要がないと思料するときは直ちにこれを釈放し、留置の必要があると思料するときは被疑者が身体を拘束された時から四十八時間以内に裁判官に被疑者の勾留を請求しなければならない。但し、その時間の制限内に公訴を提起したときは、勾留の請求をすることを要しない。
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Article 204(1)When a public prosecutor has arrested a suspect upon an arrest warrant or has received a suspect who was arrested upon an arrest warrant (excluding such suspect as is referred in accordance with the preceding Article), he/she shall immediately inform the suspect of the essential facts of the suspected crime and the fact that the suspect may appoint defense counsel and then, giving the suspect an opportunity for explanation, he/she shall immediately release the suspect when he/she believes that it is not necessary to detain the suspect, or shall request a judge to detain the suspect within 48 hours of the suspect being placed under physical restraint when he/she believes that it is necessary to detain the suspect; provided, however, that when the public prosecutor has instituted prosecution during the time limitation, he/she shall not be required to request detention.
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(2)When the public prosecutor informs the suspect of the fact that the suspect may appoint defense counsel in accordance with the provision of the preceding paragraph for the case provided for in paragraph (1) of Article 37-2, he/she shall also enlighten the suspect that, in cases where a request for further detention of the suspect is made, the suspect may request the judge to appoint defense counsel when the suspect is unable to appoint defense counsel him/herself because of indigence or other reasons and that when requesting the judge for appointment of defense counsel the suspect must submit a report of financial resources; or if the suspect's resources are equal to or above the base amount, the suspect must have first requested a bar association (the bar association to which the request of paragraph (1) of Article 31-2 in accordance with paragraph (2) of Article 37-3 is to be made) to appoint defense counsel.
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第二百五条検察官は、第二百三条の規定により送致された被疑者を受け取つたときは、弁解の機会を与え、留置の必要がないと思料するときは直ちにこれを釈放し、留置の必要があると思料するときは被疑者を受け取つた時から二十四時間以内に裁判官に被疑者の勾留を請求しなければならない。
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Article 205(1)When a public prosecutor has received a suspect referred pursuant to the provision of Article 203, he/she shall give the suspect an opportunity for explanation and shall immediately release the suspect when he/she believes that it is not necessary to detain the suspect, or shall request a judge to detain the suspect within 24 hours of receiving the suspect when he/she believes that it is necessary to detain the suspect.
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(5)The provision of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where the public prosecutor gives an opportunity for explanation to a suspect who has been arrested regarding a case other than the case provided for in paragraph (1) of Article 37-2 and was referred regarding a case provided for in the same paragraph in accordance with the provision of Article 203; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the suspect already has defense counsel.
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第二百六条検察官又は司法警察員がやむを得ない事情によつて前三条の時間の制限に従うことができなかつたときは、検察官は、裁判官にその事由を疎明して、被疑者の勾留を請求することができる。
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Article 206(1)When unavoidable circumstances prevent a public prosecutor or a judicial police officer from complying with the time limitations set forth in the preceding three Articles, a public prosecutor may, showing prima facie evidence, request a judge to detain the suspect.
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第二百七条前三条の規定による勾留の請求を受けた裁判官は、その処分に関し裁判所又は裁判長と同一の権限を有する。但し、保釈については、この限りでない。
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Article 207(1)The judge who has been requested detention pursuant to the provision of the preceding three Articles shall have the same authority as a court or a presiding judge regarding the disposition thereof; provided, however, that this shall not apply to bail.
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(2)When informing the suspect of the alleged facts of the crime in a case provided for in paragraph (1) of Article 37-2, the judge set forth in the preceding paragraph shall inform the suspect that the suspect may appoint defense counsel and that, when the suspect is unable to appoint defense counsel him/herself because of indigence or other reasons, he/she may request that defense counsel be appointed for him/her; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the suspect already has defense counsel.
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(3)When a judge informs the suspect of the fact that the suspect may request that defense counsel be appointed for him/her in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, he/she shall also enlighten the suspect of the fact that the suspect must submit a report of financial resources when requesting that defense counsel be appointed; or if the suspect's resources are equal to or are above the base amount, the suspect must have first requested a bar association (the bar association to which the request of paragraph (1) of Article 31-2 in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 37-3 is to be made) to appoint defense counsel.
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(4)When a judge has received the request for detention set forth in paragraph (1), he/she shall promptly issue a detention warrant; provided, however, that when the judge deems that there are no grounds for detention or when a detention warrant cannot be issued pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, he/she shall immediately order the release of the suspect without issuing a detention warrant.
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第二百八条前条の規定により被疑者を勾留した事件につき、勾留の請求をした日から十日以内に公訴を提起しないときは、検察官は、直ちに被疑者を釈放しなければならない。
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Article 208(1)When a public prosecutor has not instituted prosecution against a suspect regarding a case in which the suspect was detained pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article within ten days of the request for detention, he/she shall immediately release the suspect.
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第二百八条の二裁判官は、刑法第二編第二章乃至第四章又は第八章の罪にあたる事件については、検察官の請求により、前条第二項の規定により延長された期間を更に延長することができる。この期間の延長は、通じて五日を超えることができない。
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Article 208-2A judge may, upon the request of a public prosecutor, further extend the period extended pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article with regard to cases involving crimes provided for in Part II, Chapters II to IV or VIII of the Penal Code.The total period of such extensions shall not exceed five days.
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第二百九条第七十四条、第七十五条及び第七十八条の規定は、逮捕状による逮捕についてこれを準用する。
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Article 209The provisions of Articles 74, 75 and 78 shall apply mutatis mutandis to an arrest upon an arrest warrant.
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第二百十条検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察職員は、死刑又は無期若しくは長期三年以上の懲役若しくは禁錮にあたる罪を犯したことを疑うに足りる充分な理由がある場合で、急速を要し、裁判官の逮捕状を求めることができないときは、その理由を告げて被疑者を逮捕することができる。この場合には、直ちに裁判官の逮捕状を求める手続をしなければならない。逮捕状が発せられないときは、直ちに被疑者を釈放しなければならない。
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Article 210(1)When there are sufficient grounds to suspect the commission of an offense punishable by death, or life imprisonment with or without work or for a maximum period of three years or more, and in addition, because of urgency an arrest warrant from a judge cannot be obtained, a public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official may arrest the suspect after notifying the suspect of the reasons therefor.In such cases, the procedure of obtaining an arrest warrant from a judge shall be taken immediately.Where an arrest warrant is not issued, the suspect shall be released immediately.
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第二百十一条前条の規定により被疑者が逮捕された場合には、第百九十九条の規定により被疑者が逮捕された場合に関する規定を準用する。
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Article 211When the suspect has been arrested pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article, the provisions for cases where the suspect is arrested pursuant to the provision of Article 199 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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第二百十二条現に罪を行い、又は現に罪を行い終つた者を現行犯人とする。
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Article 212(1)A person who is in the very act of committing or has just committed an offense is a flagrant offender.
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一犯人として追呼されているとき。
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(i)A person being engaged in fresh pursuit;
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二贓物又は明らかに犯罪の用に供したと思われる兇器その他の物を所持しているとき。
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(ii)A person carrying with him/her goods obtained through an offense against property or a dangerous weapon or other things which are manifestly believed to have been used in the commission of a criminal act;
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三身体又は被服に犯罪の顕著な証跡があるとき。
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(iii)A person with visible traces of the offense on his/her body;
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四誰何されて逃走しようとするとき。
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(iv)A person who attempts to run away when challenged.
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第二百十三条現行犯人は、何人でも、逮捕状なくしてこれを逮捕することができる。
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Article 213Any person may arrest a flagrant offender without an arrest warrant.
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第二百十四条検察官、検察事務官及び司法警察職員以外の者は、現行犯人を逮捕したときは、直ちにこれを地方検察庁若しくは区検察庁の検察官又は司法警察職員に引き渡さなければならない。
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Article 214When any person other than a public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official has arrested a flagrant offender, the arrester shall immediately deliver him/her to a public prosecutor of a district or local public prosecutors office or to a judicial police official.
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第二百十五条司法巡査は、現行犯人を受け取つたときは、速やかにこれを司法警察員に引致しなければならない。
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Article 215(1)When a judicial police constable has received a flagrant offender, the judicial police constable shall promptly bring him/her to a judicial police officer.
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第二百十六条現行犯人が逮捕された場合には、第百九十九条の規定により被疑者が逮捕された場合に関する規定を準用する。
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Article 216The provisions with regard to a case where a suspect has been arrested pursuant to the provision of Article 199 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a case where a flagrant offender has been arrested.
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第二百十七条三十万円(刑法、暴力行為等処罰に関する法律及び経済関係罰則の整備に関する法律の罪以外の罪については、当分の間、二万円)以下の罰金、拘留又は科料に当たる罪の現行犯については、犯人の住居若しくは氏名が明らかでない場合又は犯人が逃亡するおそれがある場合に限り、第二百十三条から前条までの規定を適用する。
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Article 217The provisions of Articles 213 to 216 shall apply only when the residence or name of the offender is unknown or when the offender poses a risk of flight with regard to a flagrant offender punishable with a fine of not more than 300,000 yen (20,000 yen, for the time being for offenses other than those violating the Penal Code, the Act on Punishment of Physical Violence and Others and the Act on Penal Provisions related to Economic Activities), misdemeanor imprisonment without work or a petty fine.
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第二百十八条検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察職員は、犯罪の捜査をするについて必要があるときは、裁判官の発する令状により、差押、捜索又は検証をすることができる。この場合において身体の検査は、身体検査令状によらなければならない。
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Article 218(1)A public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official may, if necessary for investigation of an offense, conduct search, seizure or inspection upon a warrant issued by a judge.In such cases, the inspection and examination of a person shall be conducted upon a warrant for physical examination.
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(4)When a public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police officer requests a warrant for physical examination, he/she shall indicate the reason for the necessity of the examination, the sex and physical condition of the person to be examined and other matters as provided in the Rules of Court.
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第二百十九条前条の令状には、被疑者若しくは被告人の氏名、罪名、差し押えるべき物、捜索すべき場所、身体若しくは物、検証すべき場所若しくは物又は検査すべき身体及び身体の検査に関する条件、有効期間及びその期間経過後は差押、捜索又は検証に着手することができず令状はこれを返還しなければならない旨並びに発付の年月日その他裁判所の規則で定める事項を記載し、裁判官が、これに記名押印しなければならない。
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Article 219(1)The warrant set forth in the preceding Article, shall contain the name of the suspect or accused, the charged offense, the articles to be seized or the place, body or articles to be searched, the place or articles to be inspected, the person to be inspected and examined and conditions regarding the inspection and examination, the valid period, a statement to the effect that the search, seizure or inspection of evidence shall not be commenced in any way after the lapse of such period and that in such case the warrant shall be returned to the court, the date of issue, and other matters as prescribed in the Rules of Court; and the judge shall affix his/her name and seal to it.
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第二百二十条検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察職員は、第百九十九条の規定により被疑者を逮捕する場合又は現行犯人を逮捕する場合において必要があるときは、左の処分をすることができる。第二百十条の規定により被疑者を逮捕する場合において必要があるときも、同様である。
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Article 220(1)When a public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official arrests a suspect pursuant to the provision of Article 199 or arrests a flagrant offender, he/she may, if necessary, take the following measures.The same shall apply, if necessary, to cases where the suspect is arrested pursuant to the provision of Article 210:
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一人の住居又は人の看守する邸宅、建造物若しくは船舶内に入り被疑者の捜索をすること。
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(i)Entry into the residence of another person, or the premises, buildings or vessels guarded by another person to search for the suspect;
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二逮捕の現場で差押、捜索又は検証をすること。
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(ii)Search, seizure or inspection on the spot at the arrest.
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(4)The provisions of item (ii) of paragraph (1) and the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official executes a subpoena or detention warrant.The provision of item (i) of paragraph (1) shall also apply mutatis mutandis to cases where the subpoena or detention warrant issued against a suspect is executed.
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第二百二十一条検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察職員は、被疑者その他の者が遺留した物又は所有者、所持者若しくは保管者が任意に提出した物は、これを領置することができる。
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Article 221A public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official may retain articles which have been left behind by a suspect or other persons, or those which have been voluntarily produced by their owner, possessor or custodian.
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第二百二十二条第九十九条、第百条、第百二条乃至第百五条、第百十条乃至第百十二条、第百十四条、第百十五条及び第百十八条乃至第百二十四条の規定は、検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察職員が第二百十八条、第二百二十条及び前条の規定によつてする押収又は捜索について、第百十条、第百十二条、第百十四条、第百十八条、第百二十九条、第百三十一条及び第百三十七条乃至第百四十条の規定は、検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察職員が第二百十八条又は第二百二十条の規定によつてする検証についてこれを準用する。但し、司法巡査は、第百二十二条乃至第百二十四条に規定する処分をすることができない。
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Article 222(1)The provisions of Articles 99, 100, 102 to 105, 110 to 112, 114, 115 and 118 to 124 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the search and seizure conducted by a public prosecutor, public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official pursuant to the provisions of Articles 218, 220 and 221. The provisions of Articles 110, 112, 114, 118, 129, 131 and 137 to 140 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the inspection conducted by a public prosecutor, public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official pursuant to the provisions of Article 218 or 220; provided, however, that the dispositions prescribed in Articles 122 to 124 shall not be executed by a judicial constable.
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(4)A public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official shall not enter, before sunrise or after sunset, the residence of a person, or premises, buildings or vessel guarded by a person for the purpose of inspection pursuant to the provisions of Article 218, unless the warrant contains a written statement that inspection during the night is permitted; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the places prescribed in Article 117.
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第二百二十二条の二通信の当事者のいずれの同意も得ないで電気通信の傍受を行う強制の処分については、別に法律で定めるところによる。
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Article 222-2Compulsory measures for the interception of electronic communications without the consent of either party shall be executed based upon other acts.
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第二百二十三条検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察職員は、犯罪の捜査をするについて必要があるときは、被疑者以外の者の出頭を求め、これを取り調べ、又はこれに鑑定、通訳若しくは翻訳を嘱託することができる。
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Article 223(1)A public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official may ask any person other than the suspect to appear in their office, interrogate him/her or request him/her to appraise, translate or interpret if it is necessary for the investigation of a crime.
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第二百二十四条前条第一項の規定により鑑定を嘱託する場合において第百六十七条第一項に規定する処分を必要とするときは、検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察員は、裁判官にその処分を請求しなければならない。
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Article 224(1)When the measures prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 167 are necessary in cases where a request is made for expert examination pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, a public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official shall request a judge for the measures mentioned above.
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第二百二十五条第二百二十三条第一項の規定による鑑定の嘱託を受けた者は、裁判官の許可を受けて、第百六十八条第一項に規定する処分をすることができる。
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Article 225(1)A person who has been requested to form an appraisal pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 223 may carry out the measures prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 168 with the permission of the judge.
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第二百二十六条犯罪の捜査に欠くことのできない知識を有すると明らかに認められる者が、第二百二十三条第一項の規定による取調に対して、出頭又は供述を拒んだ場合には、第一回の公判期日前に限り、検察官は、裁判官にその者の証人尋問を請求することができる。
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Article 226Where a person who apparently possesses information essential to the investigation of a crime refuses to appear or make a statement voluntarily at the interrogation pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 223, a public prosecutor may, only before the first trial date, request a judge to examine him/her as a witness.
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第二百二十七条第二百二十三条第一項の規定による検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察職員の取調べに際して任意の供述をした者が、公判期日においては前にした供述と異なる供述をするおそれがあり、かつ、その者の供述が犯罪の証明に欠くことができないと認められる場合には、第一回の公判期日前に限り、検察官は、裁判官にその者の証人尋問を請求することができる。
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Article 227(1)When a person who has made a voluntary statement to a public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 223 is likely to make a statement at trial that differs from the previous statement and the statement of the person is deemed essential to prove a fact constituting the crime, the public prosecutor may request the judge to examine the witness, only before the first trial date.
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第二百二十八条前二条の請求を受けた裁判官は、証人の尋問に関し、裁判所又は裁判長と同一の権限を有する。
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Article 228(1)A judge who receives the request set forth in the preceding two Articles shall have the same authority as a court or a presiding judge.
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第二百二十九条変死者又は変死の疑のある死体があるときは、その所在地を管轄する地方検察庁又は区検察庁の検察官は、検視をしなければならない。
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Article 229(1)When a person who died an unnatural death or the body of a person who is suspected to have died an unnatural death has been found, a public prosecutor of a district or local public prosecutors office, which has jurisdiction over the place where the body was found, shall perform a postmortem inspection.
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第二百三十条犯罪により害を被つた者は、告訴をすることができる。
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Article 230A person who has been injured by an offense may file a complaint.
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第二百三十一条被害者の法定代理人は、独立して告訴をすることができる。
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Article 231(1)A statutory representative of a victim may file a complaint independently.
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第二百三十二条被害者の法定代理人が被疑者であるとき、被疑者の配偶者であるとき、又は被疑者の四親等内の血族若しくは三親等内の姻族であるときは、被害者の親族は、独立して告訴をすることができる。
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Article 232Where the statutory representative of a victim is the suspect, the spouse of the suspect, a relative by blood within the fourth degree of kinship or a relative by affinity within the third degree of kinship of the suspect, then a relative of the victim may file a complaint independently.
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第二百三十三条死者の名誉を毀損した罪については、死者の親族又は子孫は、告訴をすることができる。
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Article 233(1)With respect to the offense of defamation of a deceased person, his/her relatives or descendants may file a complaint.
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第二百三十四条親告罪について告訴をすることができる者がない場合には、検察官は、利害関係人の申立により告訴をすることができる者を指定することができる。
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Article 234Where there is no person who can file a complaint with regard to an offense prosecutable upon a complaint, a public prosecutor may, upon the application of an interested person, designate a person who can file a complaint.
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第二百三十五条親告罪の告訴は、犯人を知つた日から六箇月を経過したときは、これをすることができない。ただし、次に掲げる告訴については、この限りでない。
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Article 235(1)With respect to an offense prosecutable upon a complaint, no complaint shall be made after the lapse of six months from the day on which the complainant knew the offender; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the following:
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一刑法第百七十六条から第百七十八条まで、第二百二十五条若しくは第二百二十七条第一項(第二百二十五条の罪を犯した者を幇助する目的に係る部分に限る。)若しくは第三項の罪又はこれらの罪に係る未遂罪につき行う告訴
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(i)A complaint concerning the offenses proscribed in Articles 176 to 178, 225 or paragraph (1) of Article 227 (limited to offenses committed for the purpose of assisting the person who committed the offense of Article 225) or paragraph (3) of the Penal Code, or a complaint to be made with regard to attempts of these offenses;
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二刑法第二百三十二条第二項の規定により外国の代表者が行う告訴及び日本国に派遣された外国の使節に対する同法第二百三十条又は第二百三十一条の罪につきその使節が行う告訴
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(ii)A complaint to be made by the representative of a foreign power pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of Article 232 of the Penal Code or a complaint to be made with regard to an offense against a foreign mission sent to Japan as prescribed in Article 230 or 231 of the Penal Code, by such mission.
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(2)A complaint in the case prescribed in the proviso to Article 229 of the Penal Code shall not be valid unless it is made within six months from the day on which a decision declaring the marriage void or annulling it became final.
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第二百三十六条告訴をすることができる者が数人ある場合には、一人の期間の徒過は、他の者に対しその効力を及ぼさない。
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Article 236Where there are two or more persons entitled to file a complaint, failure by one of them to observe the period for complaint shall not affect the others.
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第二百三十七条告訴は、公訴の提起があるまでこれを取り消すことができる。
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Article 237(1)A complaint may be withdrawn at any time before the institution of prosecution.
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第二百三十八条親告罪について共犯の一人又は数人に対してした告訴又はその取消は、他の共犯に対しても、その効力を生ずる。
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Article 238(1)A complaint made against one or more accomplices in an offense prosecutable upon a complaint or the withdrawal thereof shall have effect with respect to the other accomplices.
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第二百三十九条何人でも、犯罪があると思料するときは、告発をすることができる。
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Article 239(1)Any person who believes that an offense has been committed may file an accusation.
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第二百四十条告訴は、代理人によりこれをすることができる。告訴の取消についても、同様である。
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Article 240A complaint may be made by a representative.The same shall apply to the withdrawal of a complaint.
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第二百四十一条告訴又は告発は、書面又は口頭で検察官又は司法警察員にこれをしなければならない。
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Article 241(1)A complaint or an accusation shall be filed with a public prosecutor or a judicial police official in writing or orally.
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第二百四十二条司法警察員は、告訴又は告発を受けたときは、速やかにこれに関する書類及び証拠物を検察官に送付しなければならない。
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Article 242A judicial police official shall, when they have received a complaint or accusation, send the document and articles of evidence regarding the complaint or the accusation to a public prosecutor immediately.
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第二百四十三条前二条の規定は、告訴又は告発の取消についてこれを準用する。
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Article 243The provision of the preceding two Articles shall apply mutatis mutandis to the withdrawal of a complaint or accusation.
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Article 244A complaint or withdrawal thereof to be made by the representative of a foreign country pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 232 may be filed with the Minister for Foreign Affairs notwithstanding the provisions of Article 241 and the preceding Article.The same shall apply to a complaint or withdrawal thereof regarding an offense against a foreign mission sent to Japan as prescribed in Article 230 or 231 of the Penal Code, to be made by such mission.
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第二百四十五条第二百四十一条及び第二百四十二条の規定は、自首についてこれを準用する。
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Article 245The provisions of Article 241 and 242 shall apply mutatis mutandis to surrender.
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第二百四十六条司法警察員は、犯罪の捜査をしたときは、この法律に特別の定のある場合を除いては、速やかに書類及び証拠物とともに事件を検察官に送致しなければならない。但し、検察官が指定した事件については、この限りでない。
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Article 246Except as otherwise provided in this Code, the judicial police official shall, when he/she has conducted the investigation of an offense, send the case together with the documents and articles of evidence to a public prosecutor promptly; provided, however, that this shall not apply to cases which have been specially designated by a public prosecutor.
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第二章 公訴
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Chapter II Prosecution
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第二百四十七条公訴は、検察官がこれを行う。
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Article 247Prosecution shall be instituted by a public prosecutor.
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第二百四十八条犯人の性格、年齢及び境遇、犯罪の軽重及び情状並びに犯罪後の情況により訴追を必要としないときは、公訴を提起しないことができる。
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Article 248Where prosecution is deemed unnecessary owing to the character, age, environment, gravity of the offense, circumstances or situation after the offense, prosecution need not be instituted.
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第二百四十九条公訴は、検察官の指定した被告人以外の者にその効力を及ぼさない。
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Article 249Prosecution shall not take effect against a person other than the accused specified by a public prosecutor.
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第二百五十条時効は、次に掲げる期間を経過することによつて完成する。
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Article 250The statute of limitations shall be completed upon the lapse of:
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一死刑に当たる罪については二十五年
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(i)25 years for offenses punishable with death;
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二無期の懲役又は禁錮に当たる罪については十五年
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(ii)15 years for offenses punishable with life imprisonment with or without work;
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三長期十五年以上の懲役又は禁錮に当たる罪については十年
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(iii)10 years for offenses punishable with imprisonment with or without work for a long term of 15 years or more.
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四長期十五年未満の懲役又は禁錮に当たる罪については七年
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(iv)7 years for offenses punishable with imprisonment with or without work for a long term of less than 15 years;
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五長期十年未満の懲役又は禁錮に当たる罪については五年
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(v)5 years for offenses punishable with imprisonment with or without work for a long term of less than 10 years;
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六長期五年未満の懲役若しくは禁錮又は罰金に当たる罪については三年
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(vi)3 years for offenses punishable with imprisonment with or without work for a long term of less than 5 years or with a fine;
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七拘留又は科料に当たる罪については一年
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(vii)1 year for offenses punishable with misdemeanor imprisonment without work or with a petty fine.
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第二百五十一条二以上の主刑を併科し、又は二以上の主刑中その一を科すべき罪については、その重い刑に従つて、前条の規定を適用する。
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Article 251Regarding offenses punishable by concurrent imposition of two or more principal punishments or by the imposition of one of two or more principal punishments, the provisions of the preceding Article shall apply with reference to the heaviest punishment.
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第二百五十二条刑法により刑を加重し、又は減軽すべき場合には、加重し、又は減軽しない刑に従つて、第二百五十条の規定を適用する。
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Article 252When a punishment is to be aggravated or reduced pursuant to the Penal Code, the provision of Article 250 shall apply with reference to the punishment which has not been aggravated or reduced.
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第二百五十三条時効は、犯罪行為が終つた時から進行する。
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Article 253(1)The statute of limitations shall commence to run at the time when the criminal act has ceased.
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第二百五十四条時効は、当該事件についてした公訴の提起によつてその進行を停止し、管轄違又は公訴棄却の裁判が確定した時からその進行を始める。
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Article 254(1)The statute of limitations shall cease to run on the institution of prosecution against the case concerned, and shall begin to run when a decision notifying jurisdictional incompetence or dismissing the prosecution has become final.
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第二百五十五条犯人が国外にいる場合又は犯人が逃げ隠れているため有効に起訴状の謄本の送達若しくは略式命令の告知ができなかつた場合には、時効は、その国外にいる期間又は逃げ隠れている期間その進行を停止する。
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Article 255(1)Where the offender is outside Japan or he/she conceals him/herself so that it is impossible to serve a transcript of the charging sheet or notification of the summary order, the statute of limitations shall be suspended during the period when the offender is outside Japan or conceals him/herself.
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第二百五十六条公訴の提起は、起訴状を提出してこれをしなければならない。
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Article 256(1)Prosecution shall be instituted by submitting the charging sheet to the court.
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一被告人の氏名その他被告人を特定するに足りる事項
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(i)The name of the accused and other matters necessary to specify the accused;
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二公訴事実
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(ii)The charged facts;
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三罪名
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(iii)The charged offense.
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(4)The charged offense shall be described with applicable penal statutes; provided, however, that errors in the enumeration of such statutes shall not affect the validity of institution of prosecution as long as there is no fear that they may create any substantial disadvantage to the defense of the accused.
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第二百五十七条公訴は、第一審の判決があるまでこれを取り消すことができる。
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Article 257Prosecution may be withdrawn up until the judgment of the first instance is rendered.
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第二百五十八条検察官は、事件がその所属検察庁の対応する裁判所の管轄に属しないものと思料するときは、書類及び証拠物とともにその事件を管轄裁判所に対応する検察庁の検察官に送致しなければならない。
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Article 258Where a public prosecutor considers that the case does not come within the jurisdiction of the court corresponding to the public prosecutors office, such case shall be sent to a public prosecutor of the public prosecutors office corresponding to the competent court together with the documents and articles of evidence.
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第二百五十九条検察官は、事件につき公訴を提起しない処分をした場合において、被疑者の請求があるときは、速やかにその旨をこれに告げなければならない。
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Article 259Where a public prosecutor has made a disposition not to institute prosecution, the public prosecutor shall promptly notify the suspect of such upon his/her request.
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第二百六十条検察官は、告訴、告発又は請求のあつた事件について、公訴を提起し、又はこれを提起しない処分をしたときは、速やかにその旨を告訴人、告発人又は請求人に通知しなければならない。公訴を取り消し、又は事件を他の検察庁の検察官に送致したときも、同様である。
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Article 260Where a public prosecutor has instituted prosecution or made a disposition not to institute prosecution regarding a case with respect to which a complaint, accusation or claim has been filed, the public prosecutor shall notify the person who filed the complaint, accusation or claim promptly.This shall also apply to cases where a public prosecutor has withdrawn the prosecution or has sent the case to a public prosecutor of another public prosecutors office.
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第二百六十一条検察官は、告訴、告発又は請求のあつた事件について公訴を提起しない処分をした場合において、告訴人、告発人又は請求人の請求があるときは、速やかに告訴人、告発人又は請求人にその理由を告げなければならない。
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Article 261Where a public prosecutor has made a disposition not to institute prosecution regarding a case with respect to which a complaint, accusation or claim has been filed, the public prosecutor shall promptly notify the reason for the disposition upon the request of the person who filed the complaint, accusation or claim.
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第二百六十二条刑法第百九十三条から第百九十六条まで又は破壊活動防止法(昭和二十七年法律第二百四十号)第四十五条若しくは無差別大量殺人行為を行った団体の規制に関する法律(平成十一年法律第百四十七号)第四十二条若しくは第四十三条の罪について告訴又は告発をした者は、検察官の公訴を提起しない処分に不服があるときは、その検察官所属の検察庁の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に事件を裁判所の審判に付することを請求することができる。
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Article 262(1)Where a person who has filed a complaint or accusation regarding an offense set forth in Articles 193 to 196 of the Penal Code, Article 45 of the Subversive Activities Prevention Act (Act No. 240 of 1952), or Article 42 or 43 of the Act on Regulation of Organizations Which Have Committed Indiscriminate Mass Murder (Act No.147 of 1999) is dissatisfied with the disposition not to institute prosecution made by a public prosecutor, the complainant or accuser may request the district court which has jurisdiction over the location of the public prosecutors office to which that public prosecutor belongs to commit the case to a court for trial.
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第二百六十三条前条第一項の請求は、第二百六十六条の決定があるまでこれを取り下げることができる。
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Article 263(1)The request set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article may be withdrawn up until the decision set forth in Article 266 is rendered.
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第二百六十四条検察官は、第二百六十二条第一項の請求を理由があるものと認めるときは、公訴を提起しなければならない。
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Article 264The public prosecutor shall institute prosecution when he/she considers the request set forth in paragraph (1) of Article 262 to be reasonable.
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第二百六十五条第二百六十二条第一項の請求についての審理及び裁判は、合議体でこれをしなければならない。
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Article 265(1)A trial and decision regarding the request set forth in paragraph (1) of Article 262 shall be conducted and rendered by a collegiate panel.
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第二百六十六条裁判所は、第二百六十二条第一項の請求を受けたときは、左の区別に従い、決定をしなければならない。
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Article 266A court shall render a ruling according to the following classifications when it receives a claim set forth in Article 266;
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一請求が法令上の方式に違反し、若しくは請求権の消滅後にされたものであるとき、又は請求が理由のないときは、請求を棄却する。
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(i)Where the claim has been made contrary to the form provided in laws and regulations, or has been made after loss of the right to the claim or is groundless, it shall be dismissed.
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二請求が理由のあるときは、事件を管轄地方裁判所の審判に付する。
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(ii)Where the request is well-grounded, the case shall be committed to the competent district court for trial.
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第二百六十七条前条第二号の決定があつたときは、その事件について公訴の提起があつたものとみなす。
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Article 267Where the decision set forth in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article has been rendered, prosecution regarding the case shall be deemed to have been instituted.
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第二百六十七条の二裁判所は、第二百六十六条第二号の決定をした場合において、同一の事件について、検察審査会法(昭和二十三年法律第百四十七号)第二条第一項第一号に規定する審査を行う検察審査会又は同法第四十一条の六第一項の起訴議決をした検察審査会(同法第四十一条の九第一項の規定により公訴の提起及びその維持に当たる者が指定された後は、その者)があるときは、これに当該決定をした旨を通知しなければならない。
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Article 267-2Where a court has rendered the decision set forth in item (ii) of Article 266, notice to this effect shall be given to the Committee for Inquest of Prosecution which is to conduct the inquest prescribed in item (i) of paragraph (1) of Article 2 of the Act on Committee for Inquest of Prosecution (Act No.147 of 1948) or the Committee for Inquest of Prosecution which made the decision for institution of prosecution under paragraph (1) of Article 41-6 of the same Act (after appointment of a person who is to be responsible for institution and maintenance of prosecution, to such person), where there exists such a Committee.
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第二百六十八条裁判所は、第二百六十六条第二号の規定により事件がその裁判所の審判に付されたときは、その事件について公訴の維持にあたる者を弁護士の中から指定しなければならない。
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Article 268(1)Where a case has been committed to trial pursuant to the provision of item (ii) of Article 266, the court shall appoint one attorney who shall maintain the prosecution of such case from among the attorneys.
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(2)The attorney appointed as prescribed in the preceding Article shall exercise the same function as a public prosecutor in order to maintain the prosecution until the decision has become final and binding; provided, however, that with regard to issuing orders to a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official for investigation the appointed attorney shall do so by commissioning a public prosecutor.
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第二百六十九条裁判所は、第二百六十二条第一項の請求を棄却する場合又はその請求の取下があつた場合には、決定で、請求者に、その請求に関する手続によつて生じた費用の全部又は一部の賠償を命ずることができる。この決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
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Article 269The court may, where the request set forth in paragraph (1) of Article 262 is dismissed or withdrawn, order the person who made the request to compensate the whole or part of the costs arising from the procedures regarding the request on a ruling.An immediate appeal may be filed against such ruling.
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第二百七十条検察官は、公訴の提起後は、訴訟に関する書類及び証拠物を閲覧し、且つ謄写することができる。
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Article 270(1)A public prosecutor may inspect and copy the documents and articles of evidence regarding the case after prosecution has been instituted.
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第三章 公判
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Chapter III Public Trial
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第一節 公判準備及び公判手続
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Section 1 Trial Preparation and Trial Procedure
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第二百七十一条裁判所は、公訴の提起があったときは、遅滞なく起訴状の謄本を被告人に送達しなければならない。
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Article 271(1)The court shall, when prosecution has been instituted, serve a transcript of the charging sheet on the accused without delay.
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第二百七十二条裁判所は、公訴の提起があつたときは、遅滞なく被告人に対し、弁護人を選任することができる旨及び貧困その他の事由により弁護人を選任することができないときは弁護人の選任を請求することができる旨を知らせなければならない。但し、被告人に弁護人があるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 272(1)The court shall, when prosecution has been instituted, inform the accused without delay that the accused may appoint defense counsel and that when the accused is unable to appoint counsel him/herself because of indigence or other reasons, he/she may request the court to appoint defense counsel for him/her; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the accused already has counsel.
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(2)The court shall, when notifying the accused that he/she may appoint counsel pursuant to the preceding paragraph, inform the accused that he/she must submit a report of financial resources, or if the resources of the accused are equal to or exceed the base amount, the accused must have first appointed defense counsel from a bar association (the bar association to which the request under paragraph (1) of Article 31-2 in accordance with paragraph (1) of Article 36-3 paragraph (1) is to be made) except in cases where an attorney is required under this Code.
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第二百七十三条裁判長は、公判期日を定めなければならない。
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Article 273(1)The presiding judge shall set the trial dates.
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第二百七十四条裁判所の構内にいる被告人に対し公判期日を通知したときは、召喚状の送達があつた場合と同一の効果を有する。
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Article 274When the trial dates are notified to an accused who is within the court precincts, this notification shall have the same effect as a summons having been served.
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第二百七十五条第一回の公判期日と被告人に対する召喚状の送達との間には、裁判所の規則で定める猶予期間を置かなければならない。
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Article 275A period of suspension shall be specified in the Rules of Court between the first trial date and service of the writ of summons on the accused.
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第二百七十六条裁判所は、検察官、被告人若しくは弁護人の請求により又は職権で、公判期日を変更することができる。
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Article 276(1)The court may change the trial dates, upon the request of the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel, or ex officio.
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第二百七十七条裁判所がその権限を濫用して公判期日を変更したときは、訴訟関係人は、最高裁判所の規則又は訓令の定めるところにより、司法行政監督上の措置を求めることができる。
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Article 277When a court has changed a trial date in abuse of its powers, the persons concerned in the case may request the taking of judicial administrative measures pursuant to the Rules or the Instructions of Court.
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第二百七十八条公判期日に召喚を受けた者が病気その他の事由によって出頭することができないときは、裁判所の規則の定めるところにより、医師の診断書その他の資料を提出しなければならない。
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Article 278When a person who has been summoned to the trial cannot appear at the trial because of illness or other reasons, he/she shall submit to the court a medical certificate or other materials pursuant to the Rules of Court.
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第二百七十九条裁判所は、検察官、被告人若しくは弁護人の請求により又は職権で、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
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Article 279The court may, upon the request of the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel, or ex officio, ask public offices or public or private organizations for reports on matters necessary for the trial.
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第二百八十条公訴の提起があつた後第一回の公判期日までは、勾留に関する処分は、裁判官がこれを行う。
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Article 280(1)From the institution of prosecution to the first trial date, the judge shall take charge of the disposition concerning detention.
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(2)When a suspect who has been arrested pursuant to Article 199 or 210, or has been arrested as a flagrant offender and has not yet been detained is prosecuted during the time limitations prescribed in Articles 204 and 205, the judge shall immediately notify the accused of the facts charged, hear his/her statement, and, unless issuing a detention warrant, shall order release of the accused immediately.
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第二百八十一条証人については、裁判所は、第百五十八条に掲げる事項を考慮した上、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人の意見を聴き必要と認めるときに限り、公判期日外においてこれを尋問することができる。
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Article 281When the court deems it necessary after considering the matters prescribed in Article 158 and hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel, the court may examine the witness on a day other than the trial date.
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第二百八十一条の二裁判所は、公判期日外における証人尋問に被告人が立ち会つた場合において、証人が被告人の面前(第百五十七条の三第一項に規定する措置を採る場合及び第百五十七条の四第一項に規定する方法による場合を含む。)においては圧迫を受け充分な供述をすることができないと認めるときは、弁護人が立ち会つている場合に限り、検察官及び弁護人の意見を聴き、その証人の供述中被告人を退席させることができる。この場合には、供述終了後被告人に証言の要旨を告知し、その証人を尋問する機会を与えなければならない。
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Article 281-2The court may, upon hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel, when there is the fear that the witness may feel pressure and will be unable to give sufficient testimony in the presence of the accused (including cases with the measure prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 157-3 or the method prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 157-4), and when his/her counsel is present, dismiss the accused during examination of the witness on a day other than the trial date.In this case, the court shall give the accused a summary of the testimony after the witness has testified, and give the accused an opportunity to examine the witness.
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第二百八十一条の三弁護人は、検察官において被告事件の審理の準備のために閲覧又は謄写の機会を与えた証拠に係る複製等(複製その他証拠の全部又は一部をそのまま記録した物及び書面をいう。以下同じ。)を適正に管理し、その保管をみだりに他人にゆだねてはならない。
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Article 281-3The defense counsel shall appropriately keep safe custody of the copies of evidence (copies and materials which accurately record all or part of the evidence), which the public prosecutor has been given the opportunity to inspect or copy for the preparation of the trial, and may not entrust custody to others without reason.
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第二百八十一条の四被告人若しくは弁護人(第四百四十条に規定する弁護人を含む。)又はこれらであつた者は、検察官において被告事件の審理の準備のために閲覧又は謄写の機会を与えた証拠に係る複製等を、次に掲げる手続又はその準備に使用する目的以外の目的で、人に交付し、又は提示し、若しくは電気通信回線を通じて提供してはならない。
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Article 281-4(1)The accused and his/her counsel (including the counsel provided for in Article 440) or those who were formerly in such position shall not deliver, present or send by telecommunication lines to others copies and other materials which the public prosecutor was given the opportunity to inspect or copy unless for the intention of use in the following procedures or for the preparation thereof:
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一当該被告事件の審理その他の当該被告事件に係る裁判のための審理
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(i)Proceedings of the case charged to the court or other proceedings for a trial related to the case charged to the court
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二当該被告事件に関する次に掲げる手続
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(ii)The following procedures related to the case charged to the court
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イ第一編第十六章の規定による費用の補償の手続
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(a)Procedures for the compensation of expenses provided in Book I, Chapter XVI
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ロ第三百四十九条第一項の請求があつた場合の手続
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(b)A hearing on the request of paragraph (1) of Article 349
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ハ第三百五十条の請求があつた場合の手続
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(c)Procedures for the request of Article 350
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ニ上訴権回復の請求の手続
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(d)Procedures for demand for recovery of the right of appeal
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ホ再審の請求の手続
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(e)Procedures for a retrial
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ヘ非常上告の手続
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(f)Procedures for an extraordinary appeal to the court of last resort
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ト第五百条第一項の申立ての手続
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(g)Procedures for the petition in paragraph (1) of Article 500
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チ第五百二条の申立ての手続
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(h)Procedures for the filing of the objection in Article 502
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リ刑事補償法の規定による補償の請求の手続
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(i)Procedures for application of the Criminal Compensation Act
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(2)When taking measures for violation of the provisions in the preceding paragraph, the court shall consider the contents of the copies and other materials, the intent and mode of the violation, whether or not the honor, privacy or the affairs of the related persons have been violated, whether or not the copies and other materials have been examined in the trial, the method of examination and any other related matters taking into account the right to defense of the accused.
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第二百八十一条の五被告人又は被告人であつた者が、検察官において被告事件の審理の準備のために閲覧又は謄写の機会を与えた証拠に係る複製等を、前条第一項各号に掲げる手続又はその準備に使用する目的以外の目的で、人に交付し、又は提示し、若しくは電気通信回線を通じて提供したときは、一年以下の懲役又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する。
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Article 281-5(1)An accused or a person who was formerly an accused, who delivers, presents or sends by telecommunication lines to others copies and other materials which the public prosecutor was given the opportunity to inspect or copy for a purpose other than for use in the procedures or trial preparations prescribed in the items of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than a year or a fine of not more than 500,000 yen.
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(2)The same shall apply when a counsel (including the counsel provided for in Article 440, hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) or a person who was formerly a counsel delivers, presents or sends by telecommunication lines to others for the purpose of property profits or other profits, copies and other materials which the public prosecutor was given the opportunity to inspect or copy.
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第二百八十一条の六裁判所は、審理に二日以上を要する事件については、できる限り、連日開廷し、継続して審理を行わなければならない。
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Article 281-6(1)The court shall, insofar as possible, hold the trial on successive days in cases which require several days for the proceedings.
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第二百八十二条公判期日における取調は、公判廷でこれを行う。
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Article 282(1)Examinations in the trial are to be conducted in open court.
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第二百八十三条被告人が法人である場合には、代理人を出頭させることができる。
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Article 283When the accused is a juridical person, it may have a representative appear at the trial.
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第二百八十四条五十万円(刑法、暴力行為等処罰に関する法律及び経済関係罰則の整備に関する法律の罪以外の罪については、当分の間、五万円)以下の罰金又は科料に当たる事件については、被告人は、公判期日に出頭することを要しない。ただし、被告人は、代理人を出頭させることができる。
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Article 284The accused shall not be required to appear at the trial in cases which are punishable with a fine of no more than 500,000 yen (50,000 yen for the time being in cases other than violation of the Penal Code, the Act on Punishment of Physical Violence and Others and the Act on Penal Provisions related to Economic Activities) or with a minor fine; provided, however, that the accused may have a representative appear at the trial.
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第二百八十五条拘留にあたる事件の被告人は、判決の宣告をする場合には、公判期日に出頭しなければならない。その他の場合には、裁判所は、被告人の出頭がその権利の保護のため重要でないと認めるときは、被告人に対し公判期日に出頭しないことを許すことができる。
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Article 285(1)The accused shall appear at the trial on the date when the judgment is to be pronounced for cases in which misdemeanor imprisonment without work is applicable.The court may permit the accused not to appear on the other trial dates when the court deems that the attendance of the accused is not important for defense of his/her rights.
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2長期3年以下の懲役若しくは禁錮又は五十万円(刑法、暴力行為等処罰に関する法律及び経済関係罰則の整備に関する法律の罪以外の罪については、当分の間、5万円)を超える罰金に当たる事件の被告人は、第二百九十一条の手続をする場合及び判決の宣告をする場合には、公判期日に出頭しなければならない。その他の場合には、前項後段の例による。
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(2)The accused shall appear at the trial in cases where he/she is liable for punishment of imprisonment with or without work for not more than three years or a fine of more than 500,000 yen (50,000 yen for the time being in cases other than violation of the Penal Code, the Act on Punishment of Physical Violence and Others and the Act on Penal Provisions related to Economic Activities) during the proceedings prescribed in Article 291 and the sentencing.The other trial dates are to be governed by the second sentence of the preceding paragraph.
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第二百八十六条前三条に規定する場合の外、被告人が公判期日に出頭しないときは、開廷することはできない。
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Article 286The trial may not, except in the cases prescribed in the preceding three Articles, be convened when the accused does not appear at the trial.
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第二百八十六条の二被告人が出頭しなければ開廷することができない場合において、勾留されている被告人が、公判期日に召喚を受け、正当な理由がなく出頭を拒否し、刑事施設職員による引致を著しく困難にしたときは、裁判所は、被告人が出頭しないでも、その期日の公判手続を行うことができる。
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Article 286-2When the court cannot be convened without the appearance of the accused, and the accused, who is under detention has been summoned to the trial but refuses to appear without justifiable reason, and it is extremely difficult for the officials of the penal institution to bring the accused to the court, the court may commence the proceedings of the trial without the appearance of the accused.
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第二百八十七条公判廷においては、被告人の身体を拘束してはならない。但し、被告人が暴力を振い又は逃亡を企てた場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 287(1)The accused shall not be subject to restraints during the trial; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the accused employs violence or attempts to escape.
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第二百八十八条被告人は、裁判長の許可がなければ、退廷することができない。
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Article 288(1)The accused may not leave the court without the permission of the presiding judge.
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第二百八十九条死刑又は無期若しくは長期三年を超える懲役若しくは禁錮にあたる事件を審理する場合には、弁護人がなければ開廷することはできない。
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Article 289(1)When the case is punishable with the death penalty, life imprisonment, or imprisonment with or without work for more than three years, the trial may not be convened without the attendance of counsel.
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第二百九十条第三十七条各号の場合に弁護人が出頭しないときは、裁判所は、職権で弁護人を附することができる。
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Article 290When the counsel does not appear at the trial in the cases prescribed in the items of Article 37, the court may, ex officio, appoint counsel for the accused.
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第二百九十一条検察官は、まず、起訴状を朗読しなければならない。
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Article 291(1)The public prosecutor shall first read out the charging sheet.
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(2)The presiding judge shall, after the charging sheet has been read out, notify the accused that he/she may remain silent at all times or may refuse to answer particular questions, and other necessary matters provided for in the Rules of Court to protect the rights of the accused, and shall afford the accused and his/her counsel an opportunity to make a statement concerning the case.
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第二百九十一条の二被告人が、前条第2項の手続に際し、起訴状に記載された訴因について有罪である旨を陳述したときは、裁判所は、検察官、被告人及び弁護人の意見を聴き、有罪である旨の陳述のあつた訴因に限り、簡易公判手続によつて審判をする旨の決定をすることができる。但し、死刑又は無期若しくは短期一年以上の懲役若しくは禁錮にあたる事件については、この限りでない。
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Article 291-2When the accused has entered a guilty plea for the charging sheet during the proceedings prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, the court may, upon hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor, the accused and his/her counsel, rule to try the case by a summary criminal trial only with regard to the counts for which the accused has entered a guilty plea; provided, however, that this shall not apply to cases punishable with the death penalty, life imprisonment or imprisonment with or without work for not less than one year.
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第二百九十一条の三裁判所は、前条の決定があつた事件が簡易公判手続によることができないものであり、又はこれによることが相当でないものであると認めるときは、その決定を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 291-3The court shall, when the ruling of the preceding Article has been made for a case but the court finds it impossible or inappropriate for the case to be tried by a summary criminal trial, rescind that ruling.
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第二百九十二条証拠調は、第二百九十一条の手続が終つた後、これを行う。
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Article 292Evidence shall be examined after the proceeding prescribed in Article 291.
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第二百九十二条の二裁判所は、被害者又はその法定代理人(被害者が死亡した場合においては、その配偶者、直系の親族又は兄弟姉妹。以下この条において「被害者等」という。)から、被害に関する心情その他の被告事件に関する意見の陳述の申出があるときは、公判期日において、その意見を陳述させるものとする。
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Article 292-2(1)The court shall, when the victim or his/her legal representative, (the victim's spouse, lineal relative, brother or sister in cases where the victim has died, hereinafter referred to as "victim and others" in this Article) requests to state an opinion such as their sentiments, have the victim and others state their opinions at the trial.
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第二百九十三条証拠調が終つた後、検察官は、事実及び法律の適用について意見を陳述しなければならない。
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Article 293(1)After the examination of evidence, the public prosecutor shall state his/her opinion on the finding of facts and the application of law.
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第二百九十四条公判期日における訴訟の指揮は、裁判長がこれを行う。
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Article 294The presiding judge shall have control over the trial proceedings during the trial.
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第二百九十五条裁判長は、訴訟関係人のする尋問又は陳述が既にした尋問若しくは陳述と重複するとき、又は事件に関係のない事項にわたるときその他相当でないときは、訴訟関係人の本質的な権利を害しない限り、これを制限することができる。訴訟関係人の被告人に対する供述を求める行為についても同様である。
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Article 295(1)The presiding judge may limit any questions or statements by persons concerned with the trial when their questions or statements overlap with previous questions or statements, are irrelevant to the case, or are otherwise inappropriate, insofar as this does not violate the essential rights of those persons.The same shall apply when the accused is questioned by persons concerned in the trial.
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2裁判長は、証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人を尋問する場合において、証人、鑑定人、通訳人若しくは翻訳人若しくはこれらの親族の身体若しくは財産に害を加え又はこれらの者を畏怖させ若しくは困惑させる行為がなされるおそれがあり、これらの者の住居、勤務先その他その通常所在する場所が特定される事項が明らかにされたならば証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人が十分な供述をすることができないと認めるときは、当該事項についての尋問を制限することができる。ただし、検察官のする尋問を制限することにより犯罪の証明に重大な支障を生ずるおそれがあるとき、又は被告人若しくは弁護人のする尋問を制限することにより被告人の防御に実質的な不利益を生ずるおそれがあるときは、この限りでない。
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(2)When examining a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter or a translator, if the presiding judge finds that there is a risk that the body or property of these persons or their relatives may be harmed, threatened or confused and that the witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator will not be able to give full testimony if his/her address or work place or other matters specifying the ordinary whereabouts of these persons are disclosed, the presiding judge may place limitations on questions concerning these matters; provided, however, that this shall not apply when limitations on the public prosecutor's examination may interfere considerably with proving the case, or when limitations on the examination by the accused or his/her counsel may substantially harm the defense of the accused.
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第二百九十六条証拠調のはじめに、検察官は、証拠により証明すべき事実を明らかにしなければならない。但し、証拠とすることができず、又は証拠としてその取調を請求する意思のない資料に基いて、裁判所に事件について偏見又は予断を生ぜしめる虞のある事項を述べることはできない。
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Article 296At the beginning of the examination of evidence, the public prosecutor shall state the facts that he/she intends to prove through evidence; provided, however, that he/she may not make any statements from which prejudice or a preconception of the case is likely to arise based on materials which are not qualified for evidence or which are not intended to be requested for examination in the court.
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第二百九十七条裁判所は、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人の意見を聴き、証拠調の範囲、順序及び方法を定めることができる。
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Article 297(1)The court may, upon hearing the opinion of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel, determine the scope, order and method of the examination of evidence.
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第二百九十八条検察官、被告人又は弁護人は、証拠調を請求することができる。
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Article 298(1)The public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel may request examination of evidence.
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第二百九十九条検察官、被告人又は弁護人が証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人の尋問を請求するについては、あらかじめ、相手方に対し、その氏名及び住居を知る機会を与えなければならない。証拠書類又は証拠物の取調を請求するについては、あらかじめ、相手方にこれを閲覧する機会を与えなければならない。但し、相手方に異議のないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 299(1)When requesting examination of a witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator, the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel shall give his/her opponent an opportunity to know the name and address of that person in advance.When requesting examination of documentary or material evidence, the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel shall give his/her opponent an opportunity to inspect the evidence in advance; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the opponent has no objection.
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第二百九十九条の二検察官又は弁護人は、前条第1項の規定により証人、鑑定人、通訳人若しくは翻訳人の氏名及び住居を知る機会を与え又は証拠書類若しくは証拠物を閲覧する機会を与えるに当たり、証人、鑑定人、通訳人若しくは翻訳人若しくは証拠書類若しくは証拠物にその氏名が記載されている者若しくはこれらの親族の身体若しくは財産に害を加え又はこれらの者を畏怖させ若しくは困惑させる行為がなされるおそれがあると認めるときは、相手方に対し、その旨を告げ、これらの者の住居、勤務先その他その通常所在する場所が特定される事項が、犯罪の証明若しくは犯罪の捜査又は被告人の防御に関し必要がある場合を除き、関係者(被告人を含む。)に知られないようにすることできる。
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Article 299-2When they providing the opportunity to know the name and address of a witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator, or the opportunity to inspect documentary or material evidence, pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the public prosecutor and the counsel may when they find a risk of physical or property harm, threat or confusion to the witness, expert witness, interpreter, translator, those whose names appear on the documentary or material evidence, or relatives of such persons, notify the opponent of such risk and request particular care to be taken so that the address, work place and ordinary whereabouts of these persons are not disclosed to those concerned (including the accused), unless such matters are necessary for proof of the offense or the criminal investigation, or for the defense of the accused.
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第三百条第三百二十一条第一項第二号後段の規定により証拠とすることができる書面については、検察官は、必ずその取調を請求しなければならない。
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Article 300The public prosecutor shall request the examination of documents admissible pursuant to the provision of the latter part of item (ii) of Article 321, paragraph (1).
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第三百一条第三百二十二条及び第三百二十四条第一項の規定により証拠とすることができる被告人の供述が自白である場合には、犯罪事実に関する他の証拠が取り調べられた後でなければ、その取調を請求することはできない。
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Article 301When the statement of the accused admissible pursuant to the provisions of Article 322 and Article 324, paragraph (1) is a confession, its examination may not be requested until after the other evidence for fact finding constituting the offense has been examined.
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第三百二条第三百二十一条乃至第三百二十三条又は第三百二十六条の規定により証拠とすることができる書面が捜査記録の一部であるときは、検察官は、できる限り他の部分と分離してその取調を請求しなければならない。
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Article 302When the documents admissible pursuant to the provisions of Article 321 to 323 or Article 326 are part of the investigation records, the public prosecutor shall, insofar as possible have them separated from the other records, and request examination.
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第三百三条公判準備においてした証人その他の者の尋問、検証、押収及び捜索の結果を記載した書面並びに押収した物については、裁判所は、公判期日において証拠書類又は証拠物としてこれを取り調べなければならない。
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Article 303The court shall examine documents which contain the results of the examination of witnesses or other persons, results of inspections, search or seizure, and objects seized in the course of trial preparation as documentary or material evidence at the trial.
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第三百四条証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人は、裁判長又は陪席の裁判官が、まず、これを尋問する。
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Article 304(1)The witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator shall first be examined by the presiding judge or an associate judge.
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(2)The public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel may, by notifying the presiding judge, examine the witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator after the examination prescribed in the preceding paragraph.In this case, when the examination of the witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator pertains to the request of the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel, the one who made the request shall examine them first.
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第三百四条の二裁判所は、証人を尋問する場合において、証人が被告人の面前(第百五十七条の三第一項に規定する措置を採る場合及び第百五十七条の四第一項に規定する方法による場合を含む。)においては圧迫を受け充分な供述をすることができないと認めるときは、弁護人が出頭している場合に限り、検察官及び弁護人の意見を聴き、その証人の供述中被告人を退廷させることができる。この場合には、供述終了後被告人を入廷させ、これに証言の要旨を告知し、その証人を尋問する機会を与えなければならない。
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Article 304-2The court may, when examining a witness and finding that the witness is unable to testify sufficiently owing to the pressure of being in the presence of the accused (including cases where the measures prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 157-3 or paragraph (1) of Article 157-4 are taken) have the accused leave the courtroom during the testimony of the witness after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the counsel, only when counsel is present.After the witness has testified, the court shall let the accused enter the courtroom, give the accused a summary of the testimony and give him/her the opportunity to examine the witness.
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第三百五条検察官、被告人又は弁護人の請求により、証拠書類の取調をするについては、裁判長は、その取調を請求した者にこれを朗読させなければならない。但し、裁判長は、自らこれを朗読し、又は陪席の裁判官若しくは裁判所書記にこれを朗読させることができる。
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Article 305(1)When examining documentary evidence upon the request of the public prosecutor, the accused or the counsel, the presiding judge shall order the person who has made the request to read the documents out loud; provided, however, that the presiding judge may read them out himself/herself, or have an associate judge or court clerk do so.
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(3)When examining a written statement, part of which contains a recording medium pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) of Article 157-4, the medium shall be played in lieu of being read out as prescribed in the preceding paragraph (2); provided, however, that the presiding judge may, when he/she finds it appropriate after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused, or his/her counsel, order the party who has requested the examination of that written statement, an associate judge or court clerk to state the contents of the document, or may state the contents himself/herself, instead of playing the recording medium.
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(4)The court may, when playing the medium prescribed in paragraph (3) of Article 157-4 under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and when finding it necessary, take the measures prescribed in Article 157-3 after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel.
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第三百六条検察官、被告人又は弁護人の請求により、証拠物の取調をするについては、裁判長は、請求をした者をしてこれを示させなければならない。但し、裁判長は、自らこれを示し、又は陪席の裁判官若しくは裁判所書記にこれを示させることができる。
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Article 306(1)When examining material evidence upon the request of the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel, the presiding judge shall order the party who has made that request to display it; provided, however, that the presiding judge may display the evidence by himself/herself, or order an associate judge or court clerk to do.
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第三百七条証拠物中書面の意義が証拠となるものの取調をするについては、前条の規定による外、第三百五条の規定による。
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Article 307Material evidence whose purport serves as evidence shall be examined pursuant to the preceding Article and Article 305.
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第三百七条の二第二百九十一条の二の決定があつた事件については、第二百九十六条、第二百九十七条、第三百条乃至第三百二条及び第三百四条乃至前条の規定は、これを適用せず、証拠調は、公判期日において、適当と認める方法でこれを行うことができる。
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Article 307-2The provisions of Articles 296, 297, 300 to 302, and 304 to the preceding Article shall not apply to cases in which the ruling prescribed in Article 291-2 has been made, and the evidence may be examined by an appropriate method at the trial.
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第三百八条裁判所は、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人に対し、証拠の証明力を争うために必要とする適当な機会を与えなければならない。
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Article 308The court shall provide sufficient opportunity for the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel to challenge the probative value of the evidence.
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第三百九条検察官、被告人又は弁護人は、証拠調に関し異議を申し立てることができる。
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Article 309(1)The public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel may raise objections regarding the examination of evidence.
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第三百十条証拠調を終つた証拠書類又は証拠物は、遅滞なくこれを裁判所に提出しなければならない。但し、裁判所の許可を得たときは、原本に代え、その謄本を提出することができる。
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Article 310Documentary or material evidence shall be submitted to the court without delay after its examination; provided, however, that a transcript may be submitted instead of the original with the permission of the court.
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第三百十一条被告人は、終始沈黙し、又は個々の質問に対し、供述を拒むことができる。
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Article 311(1)The accused may remain silent at all times or may refuse to answer particular questions.
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第三百十二条裁判所は、検察官の請求があるときは、公訴事実の同一性を害しない限度において、起訴状に記載された訴因又は罰条の追加、撤回又は変更を許さなければならない。
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Article 312(1)The court shall, upon the public prosecutor's request, allow the addition, withdrawal or alteration of the counts or applicable penal statutes in the charging sheet so far as this does not modify the identity of the charged facts.
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(4)The court shall, when it deems the addition or alteration in the count or the applicable penal statute may cause substantial disadvantage to the defense of the accused, rule to suspend the trial for a period necessary for the accused to prepare for a sufficient defense, upon the request of the accused or his/her counsel.
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第三百十三条裁判所は、適当と認めるときは、検察官、被告人若しくは弁護人の請求により又は職権で、決定を以て、弁論を分離し若しくは併合し、又は終結した弁論を再開することができる。
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Article 313(1)The court may, when it deems it appropriate, upon the request of the public prosecutor, the accused, his/her counsel or ex officio, rule to separate or consolidate the proceedings, or reopen proceedings which have been concluded.
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第三百十四条被告人が心神喪失の状態に在るときは、検察官及び弁護人の意見を聴き、決定で、その状態の続いている間公判手続を停止しなければならない。但し、無罪、免訴、刑の免除又は公訴棄却の裁判をすべきことが明らかな場合には、被告人の出頭を待たないで、直ちにその裁判をすることができる。
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Article 314(1)When the accused is in a state of insanity, the proceedings shall be suspended while the accused is in such state, after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the counsel; provided, however, that when the court clearly finds that the accused is not guilty or that the case should be a dismissal for judicial bar, remission of punishment or dismissal of prosecution, the court may immediately render these judgments without the appearance of the accused.
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(2)When the accused is unable to appear at the trial due to illness, the proceedings shall, upon hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the counsel, be ruled to be suspended until it becomes possible for the accused to appear.; provided, however, that this shall not apply when a representative appears pursuant to the provisions of Articles 284 and 285.
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第三百十五条開廷後裁判官がかわつたときは、公判手続を更新しなければならない。但し、判決の宣告をする場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 315When one of the judges has been changed after the trial has been convened, the court proceedings shall be renewed; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the court pronounces a judgment.
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第三百十五条の二第二百九十一条の二の決定が取り消されたときは、公判手続を更新しなければならない。但し、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人に異議がないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 315-2When the ruling prescribed in Article 291-2 has been rescinded, the proceeding shall be renewed; provided, however, that this shall not apply when there is no objection from the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel.
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第三百十六条地方裁判所又は家庭裁判所において一人の裁判官のした訴訟手続は、被告事件が合議体で審判すべきものであつた場合にも、その効力を失わない。
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Article 316The proceedings conducted by a single judge of a district court or a family court shall remain in force, even if the case should have been tried by a collegiate panel.
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第一節の二 争点及び証拠の整理手続
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Section 1-2 Proceeding for Arranging Issues and Evidence
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第一款 公判前整理手続
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Subsection 1 Pretrial Arrangement Proceeding
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第一目 通則
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Division 1 General Rules
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第三百十六条の二裁判所は、充実した公判の審理を継続的、計画的かつ迅速に行うため必要があると認めるときは、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人の意見を聴いて、第一回公判期日前に、決定で、事件の争点及び証拠を整理するための公判準備として、事件を公判前整理手続に付することができる。
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Article 316-2(1)When the court deems it necessary to conduct productive proceedings of a trial consecutively, systematically and speedily, the court may, after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel and prior to the first trial date, order on a ruling that the case be subject to a pretrial arrangement proceeding as trial preparation for arrangement of the issues and evidence of the case.
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第三百十六条の三裁判所は、充実した公判の審理を継続的、計画的かつ迅速に行うことができるよう、公判前整理手続において、十分な準備が行われるようにするとともに、できる限り早期にこれを終結させるように努めなければならない。
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Article 316-3(1)The court shall endeavor to ensure sufficient preparation in the pretrial arrangement proceeding and, insofar as possible, have speedy conclusion of the proceeding in order to conduct productive proceedings of the trial consecutively, systematically and speedily.
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(2)In the pretrial arrangement proceeding, the persons concerned in the case shall cooperate with one another in order to have productive proceedings which are conducted consecutively, systematically and speedily and they shall also cooperate with the court willingly in the conduct of the proceeding.
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第三百十六条の四公判前整理手続においては、被告人に弁護人がなければその手続を行うことができない。
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Article 316-4(1)The pretrial arrangement proceeding may not be conducted when there is no counsel for the accused.
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第三百十六条の五公判前整理手続においては、次に掲げる事項を行うことができる。
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Article 316-5In the pretrial arrangement proceeding, the following actions may be taken.
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一訴因又は罰条を明確にさせること。
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(i)Clarification of the counts or applicable penal statutes
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二訴因又は罰条の追加、撤回又は変更を許すこと。
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(ii)Permission for addition, revocation or alteration of the counts or applicable penal statutes
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三公判期日においてすることを予定している主張を明らかにさせて事件の争点を整理すること。
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(iii)Arrangement of the issues of the case by having the allegation, which is planned to be given on the trial date, disclosed
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四証拠調べの請求をさせること。
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(iv)Having a request for examination of evidence made
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五前号の請求に係る証拠について、その立証趣旨、尋問事項等を明らかにさせること。
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(v)Disclosure of the facts to be proved, the matters to be examined and other matters relating to the evidence requested pursuant to the provision of the preceding item
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六証拠調べの請求に関する意見(証拠書類について第三百二十六条の同意をするかどうかの意見を含む。)を確かめること。
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(vi)Confirmation of the opinion concerning the request for examination of evidence (including whether or not to give the consent prescribed in Article 326 for the documentary evidence)
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七証拠調べをする決定又は証拠調べの請求を却下する決定をすること。
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(vii)Rendering of a ruling to examine the evidence or dismiss the request for examination of evidence
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八証拠調べをする決定をした証拠について、その取調べの順序及び方法を定めること。
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(viii)Decision on the order and method of examining the evidence for which a ruling for examination has been made
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九証拠調べに関する異議の申立てに対して決定をすること。
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(ix)Rendering of a ruling on the filing of an objection against the examination of evidence
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十第三目の定めるところにより証拠開示に関する裁定をすること。
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(x)Rendering of a ruling on the disclosure of evidence pursuant to the provisions of item (iii)
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十一公判期日を定め、又は変更することその他公判手続の進行上必要な事項を定めること。
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(xi)Setting or changing of the trial dates and a decision on other necessary matters for the proceedings of the trial
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第三百十六条の六裁判長は、訴訟関係人を出頭させて公判前整理手続をするときは、公判前整理手続期日を定めなければならない。
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Article 316-6(1)The presiding judge shall set the date of the pretrial arrangement proceeding when he/she is to have persons concerned in the case appear in court.
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(3)The presiding judge may change the date of the pretrial arrangement proceeding upon the request of the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel or ex officio.In this case, the presiding judge shall hear the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel in advance pursuant to the Rules of Court.
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第三百十六条の七公判前整理手続期日に検察官又は弁護人が出頭しないときは、その期日の手続を行うことができない。
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Article 316-7When the public prosecutor or the defense counsel does not appear on the date of the pretrial arrangement proceeding, the proceedings on that date may not be conducted.
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第三百十六条の八弁護人が公判前整理手続期日に出頭しないとき、又は在席しなくなつたときは、裁判長は、職権で弁護人を付さなければならない。
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Article 316-8(1)When the defense counsel does not appear on the date of the pretrial arrangement proceeding or when he/she leaves the proceeding, the presiding judge shall appoint defense counsel ex officio.
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第三百十六条の九被告人は、公判前整理手続期日に出頭することができる。
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Article 316-9(1)The accused may appear on the date of the pretrial arrangement proceeding.
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第三百十六条の十裁判所は、弁護人の陳述又は弁護人が提出する書面について被告人の意思を確かめる必要があると認めるときは、公判前整理手続期日において被告人に対し質問を発し、及び弁護人に対し被告人と連署した書面の提出を求めることができる。
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Article 316-10When the court deems it necessary to confirm the intention of the accused for a statement given by the counsel or a document to be submitted by the counsel, the court may, on the date of the pretrial arrangement proceeding, ask the accused questions and have the counsel submit a document which is signed jointly by the accused.
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第三百十六条の十一裁判所は、合議体の構成員に命じ、公判前整理手続(第三百十六条の五第二号、第七号、第九号及び第十号の決定を除く。)をさせることができる。この場合において、受命裁判官は、裁判所又は裁判長と同一の権限を有する。
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Article 316-11The court may (excluding the provisions of Items (ii), (vii), (ix) and (x) of Article 316-5) order a member of a collegiate panel to put the case into a pretrial arrangement proceeding.In this case, the authorized judge shall have the same authority as the court or the presiding judge.
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第三百十六条の十二公判前整理手続期日には、裁判所書記官を立ち会わせなければならない。
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Article 316-12(1)A court clerk shall attend on the date of the pretrial arrangement proceeding.
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第二目 争点及び証拠の整理
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Division 2 Arrangement of Issues and Evidence
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第三百十六条の十三検察官は、事件が公判前整理手続に付されたときは、その証明予定事実(公判期日において証拠により証明しようとする事実をいう。以下同じ。)を記載した書面を、裁判所に提出し、及び被告人又は弁護人に送付しなければならない。この場合においては、当該書面には、証拠とすることができず、又は証拠としてその取調べを請求する意思のない資料に基づいて、裁判所に事件について偏見又は予断を生じさせるおそれのある事項を記載することができない。
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Article 316-13(1)When the case is put into the pretrial arrangement proceeding, the public prosecutor shall submit documents in which the facts planned to be proved are described ( "the facts planned to be proved" means the facts which are planned to be proved by evidence at the trial; the same shall apply hereinafter) to the court and shall also send them to the accused or his/her counsel.In this case, the public prosecutor shall not describe any item that may raise prejudice or preconception of the case based on materials which are not qualified for evidence or which are not intended to be requested for examination in court, described in the documents.
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第三百十六条の十四検察官は、前条第二項の規定により取調べを請求した証拠(以下「検察官請求証拠」という。)については、速やかに、被告人又は弁護人に対し、次の各号に掲げる証拠の区分に応じ、当該各号に定める方法による開示をしなければならない。
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Article 316-14The public prosecutor shall promptly disclose the evidence which he/she has requested to be examined (hereinafter referred to as "the evidence for examination requested by the public prosecutor") to the accused or his/her counsel by the following means according to each category.
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一証拠書類又は証拠物当該証拠書類又は証拠物を閲覧する機会(弁護人に対しては、閲覧し、かつ、謄写する機会)を与えること。
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(i)In the case of documentary evidence or articles of evidence,an opportunity shall be given to inspect (inspect and copy for the defense counsel) the documentary evidence or the articles of evidence.
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二証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人その氏名及び住居を知る機会を与え、かつ、その者の供述録取書等(供述書、供述を録取した書面で供述者の署名若しくは押印のあるもの又は映像若しくは音声を記録することができる記録媒体であつて供述を記録したものをいう。以下同じ。)のうち、その者が公判期日において供述すると思料する内容が明らかになるもの(当該供述録取書等が存在しないとき、又はこれを閲覧させることが相当でないと認めるときにあつては、その者が公判期日において供述すると思料する内容の要旨を記載した書面)を閲覧する機会(弁護人に対しては、閲覧し、かつ、謄写する機会)を与えること。
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(ii)In the case of a witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator,an opportunity shall be given to know their names and addresses and to inspect (inspect and copy for the defense counsel) their recorded statement documents ( "recorded statement documents" means a written statement, or a statement which has been recorded and taken down in writing and has the signature or seal of the person making the statement or a recording medium which is able to record images or sound and on which the statement has been recorded; the same shall apply hereinafter) which reveal the contents of that which they are supposed to state at the trial (documents which contain a gist of the contents that they are supposed to state at the trial when there are no such recorded statement documents or when such materials are deemed inappropriate for inspection).
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第三百十六条の十五検察官は、前条の規定による開示をした証拠以外の証拠であつて、次の各号に掲げる証拠の類型のいずれかに該当し、かつ、特定の検察官請求証拠の証明力を判断するために重要であると認められるものについて、被告人又は弁護人から開示の請求があつた場合において、その重要性の程度その他の被告人の防御の準備のために当該開示をすることの必要性の程度並びに当該開示によつて生じるおそれのある弊害の内容及び程度を考慮し、相当と認めるときは、速やかに、同条第一号に定める方法による開示をしなければならない。この場合において、検察官は、必要と認めるときは、開示の時期若しくは方法を指定し、又は条件を付することができる。
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Article 316-15(1)With regard to evidence other than that which has been disclosed pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article, belonging to any category of evidence provided in the following items and which is deemed to be important to judge the credibility of particular evidence for examination requested by the public prosecutor, the public prosecutor shall, upon the request of disclosure by the defendant or his/her counsel, promptly disclose it by the means prescribed in item (i) of the same Article when he/she deems it appropriate considering the extent of the importance, other necessities for disclosure in order to prepare for the defense of the accused and the contents and the extent of possible harmful effects of disclosure.In this case, the public prosecutor may, when he/she deems it necessary, designate the time or method of disclosure or set appropriate conditions for disclosure.
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一証拠物
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(i)Articles of evidence
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二第三百二十一条第二項に規定する裁判所又は裁判官の検証の結果を記載した書面
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(ii)Documents describing the results of the inspection by the court or the judge prescribed in paragraph (2) of Article 321
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三第三百二十一条第三項に規定する書面又はこれに準ずる書面
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(iii)Documents prescribed in paragraph (3) of Article 321 or equivalent documents
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四第三百二十一条第四項に規定する書面又はこれに準ずる書面
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(iv)Documents prescribed in paragraph (4) of Article 321 or related documents
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五次に掲げる者の供述録取書等
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(v)Recorded statement documents of:
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イ検察官が証人として尋問を請求した者
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(a)Any person whom the public prosecutor has requested for examination as a witness
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ロ検察官が取調べを請求した供述録取書等の供述者であつて、当該供述録取書等が第三百二十六条の同意がされない場合には、検察官が証人として尋問を請求することを予定しているもの
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(b)Any person who has made a statement in the recorded statement documents, which the public prosecutor requested for examination, and whom the public prosecutor intends to request for examination as a witness if the recorded statement documents are not given the consent for examination prescribed in Article 326
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六前号に掲げるもののほか、被告人以外の者の供述録取書等であつて、検察官が特定の検察官請求証拠により直接証明しようとする事実の有無に関する供述を内容とするもの
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(vi)In addition to those provided in the preceding items, the recorded statement documents of a person other than the accused which contains a statement relating to the existence of a fact which the public prosecutor plans to prove directly by the particular evidence for examination requested by the public prosecutor
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七被告人の供述録取書等
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(vii)Recorded statement documents of the accused
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八取調べ状況の記録に関する準則に基づき、検察官、検察事務官又は司法警察職員が職務上作成することを義務付けられている書面であつて、身体の拘束を受けている者の取調べに関し、その年月日、時間、場所その他の取調べの状況を記録したもの(被告人に係るものに限る。)
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(viii)A document which a public prosecutor, an assistant officer to a prosecutor or a judicial police official is obliged to make officially in accordance with the rules relating to the interrogation records and which contains the date, time, place and other details of the interrogation of the person in custody (limited to those relating to the accused)
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一前項各号に掲げる証拠の類型及び開示の請求に係る証拠を識別するに足りる事項
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(i)A category of evidence as provided in each item of the preceding paragraph and matters to identify the evidence which he/she is requesting for disclosure;
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二事案の内容、特定の検察官請求証拠に対応する証明予定事実、開示の請求に係る証拠と当該検察官請求証拠との関係その他の事情に照らし、当該開示の請求に係る証拠が当該検察官請求証拠の証明力を判断するために重要であることその他の被告人の防御の準備のために当該開示が必要である理由
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(ii)The importance of the evidence which is requested for disclosure in judging the credibility of the evidence for examination requested by the public prosecutor and other reasons why the disclosure is necessary for preparation of the defense of the accused according to the context of the case, the facts planned to be proved by the particular evidence for examination requested by the public prosecutor, the connection between the evidence which is requested for disclosure and the evidence for examination requested by the public prosecutor and other facts.
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第三百十六条の十六被告人又は弁護人は、第三百十六条の十三第一項の書面の送付を受け、かつ、第三百十六条の十四及び前条第一項の規定による開示をすべき証拠の開示を受けたときは、検察官請求証拠について、第三百二十六条の同意をするかどうか又はその取調べの請求に関し異議がないかどうかの意見を明らかにしなければならない。
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Article 316-16(1)When the accused or his/her counsel receives the documents prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 316-13 and he/she has received the disclosure of evidence which should be disclosed pursuant to the provisions of Article 316-14 and paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, with regard to the evidence for examination requested by the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel shall clearly indicate his/her opinion on whether he/she will consent pursuant to the provision of Article 326 or whether he/she has no objection relating to the request of examination.
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第三百十六条の十七被告人又は弁護人は、第三百十六条の十三第一項の書面の送付を受け、かつ、第三百十六条の十四及び第三百十六条の十五第一項の規定による開示をすべき証拠の開示を受けた場合において、その証明予定事実その他の公判期日においてすることを予定している事実上及び法律上の主張があるときは、裁判所及び検察官に対し、これを明らかにしなければならない。この場合においては、第三百十六条の十三第一項後段の規定を準用する。
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Article 316-17(1)When the accused or his/her counsel receives the documents prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 316-13 and he/she receives the disclosure of evidence that should be disclosed pursuant to the provisions of Article 316-14 and paragraph (1) of Article 316-15 and when he/she has facts planned to be proved or other factual or legal allegations intended to be put forth at the trial, he/she shall clearly reveal them.In this case, the provision of the second sentence of paragraph (1) of Article 316-13 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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第三百十六条の十八被告人又は弁護人は、前条第二項の規定により取調べを請求した証拠については、速やかに、検察官に対し、次の各号に掲げる証拠の区分に応じ、当該各号に定める方法による開示をしなければならない。
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Article 316-18The accused or his/her counsel shall promptly disclose the evidence which he/she has requested to be examined pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article to the public prosecutor by the following means according to each category of evidence.
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一証拠書類又は証拠物当該証拠書類又は証拠物を閲覧し、かつ、謄写する機会を与えること。
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(i)In the case of documentary evidence or articles of evidence,an opportunity shall be given to inspect or copy the documentary evidence or the articles of evidence
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二証人、鑑定人、通訳人又は翻訳人その氏名及び住居を知る機会を与え、かつ、その者の供述録取書等のうち、その者が公判期日において供述すると思料する内容が明らかになるもの(当該供述録取書等が存在しないとき、又はこれを閲覧させることが相当でないと認めるときにあつては、その者が公判期日において供述すると思料する内容の要旨を記載した書面)を閲覧し、かつ、謄写する機会を与えること。
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(ii)In the case of a witness, expert witness, interpreter or translator,an opportunity shall be given to know their names and addresses and to inspect and copy their recorded statement documents which reveal the contents of that which they are supposed to state at the trial (documents which contain a gist of the contents that they are supposed to state at the trial when there are no such recorded statement documents or when such materials are deemed inappropriate for inspection)
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第三百十六条の十九検察官は、前条の規定による開示をすべき証拠の開示を受けたときは、第三百十六条の十七第二項の規定により被告人又は弁護人が取調べを請求した証拠について、第三百二十六条の同意をするかどうか又はその取調べの請求に関し異議がないかどうかの意見を明らかにしなければならない。
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Article 316-19(1)When the public prosecutor receives the disclosure of evidence which should be disclosed pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article, with regard to the evidence for examination requested by the accused or his/her counsel pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of Article 316-17, the public prosecutor shall clearly indicate his/her opinion on whether he/she will consent pursuant to the provision of Article 326 or whether he/she has no objection relating to the request for examination.
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第三百十六条の二十検察官は、第三百十六条の十四及び第三百十六条の十五第一項の規定による開示をした証拠以外の証拠であつて、第三百十六条の十七第一項の主張に関連すると認められるものについて、被告人又は弁護人から開示の請求があつた場合において、その関連性の程度その他の被告人の防御の準備のために当該開示をすることの必要性の程度並びに当該開示によつて生じるおそれのある弊害の内容及び程度を考慮し、相当と認めるときは、速やかに、第三百十六条の十四第一号に定める方法による開示をしなければならない。この場合において、検察官は、必要と認めるときは、開示の時期若しくは方法を指定し、又は条件を付することができる。
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Article 316-20(1)With regard to evidence other than that which has been disclosed pursuant to the provisions of Article 316-14 and paragraph (1) of Article 316-15 and which is deemed to be connected to the allegation prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 316-17, the public prosecutor shall, upon the request of disclosure by the defendant or his/her counsel, promptly disclose it by the means prescribed in item (i) of Article 316-14 when he/she deems it appropriate considering the extent of the connection, other necessities for disclosure in order to prepare for the defense of the accused, and the contents and the extent of possible harmful effects of disclosure.In this case, the public prosecutor may, when he/she deems it necessary, designate the time or method of disclosure or set appropriate conditions for the disclosure.
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一開示の請求に係る証拠を識別するに足りる事項
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(i)Matters to identify the evidence which he/she is requesting for disclosure;
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二第三百十六条の十七第一項の主張と開示の請求に係る証拠との関連性その他の被告人の防御の準備のために当該開示が必要である理由
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(ii)The connection between the allegation prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 316-17 and the evidence which is requested for disclosure and other reasons why the disclosure is necessary to prepare for the defense of the accused.
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第三百十六条の二十一検察官は、第三百十六条の十三から前条までに規定する手続が終わつた後、その証明予定事実を追加し又は変更する必要があると認めるときは、速やかに、その追加し又は変更すべき証明予定事実を記載した書面を、裁判所に提出し、及び被告人又は弁護人に送付しなければならない。この場合においては、第三百十六条の十三第一項後段の規定を準用する。
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Article 316-21(1)When the public prosecutor deems it necessary to add or alter the facts planned to be proved after the proceedings prescribed in Articles 316-13 to 316-20 have been completed, he/she shall promptly submit a document in which the addition or alteration in the facts to be proved are described to the court and send it to the accused or his/her counsel.In this case, the provision of the second sentence of paragraph (1) of Article 316-13 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(2)When the public prosecutor deems it necessary to add a request for examination of evidence which will be used to prove the facts planned to be proved, he/she shall promptly request examination of the evidence to be added.In this case, the provision of paragraph (3) of Article 316-13 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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第三百十六条の二十二被告人又は弁護人は、第三百十六条の十三から第三百十六条の二十までに規定する手続が終わつた後、第三百十六条の十七第一項の主張を追加し又は変更する必要があると認めるときは、速やかに、裁判所及び検察官に対し、その追加し又は変更すべき主張を明らかにしなければならない。この場合においては、第三百十六条の十三第一項後段の規定を準用する。
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Article 316-22(1)When the accused or his/her counsel deems it necessary to add or alter the allegations prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 316-17 after the proceedings prescribed in Articles 316-13 to 316-20 have been completed, he/she shall promptly notify the court and the public prosecutor of the addition or alteration in the allegations.In this case, the provision of the second sentence of paragraph (1) of Article 316-13 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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(2)When the accused or his/her counsel deems it necessary to add a request for examination of evidence which will be used to prove the facts planned to be proved, he/she shall promptly request examination of the evidence to be added.In this case, the provision of paragraph (3) of Article 316-13 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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第三百十六条の二十三第二百九十九条の二の規定は、検察官又は弁護人がこの目の規定による証拠の開示をする場合についてこれを準用する。
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Article 316-23The provision of Article 299-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases in which the public prosecutor or the defense counsel discloses evidence pursuant to the provisions of this Division.
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第三百十六条の二十四裁判所は、公判前整理手続を終了するに当たり、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人との間で、事件の争点及び証拠の整理の結果を確認しなければならない。
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Article 316-24In completing the pretrial arrangement proceeding, the court shall confirm the results of the arrangement of issues and evidence of the case with the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel.
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第三目 証拠開示に関する裁定
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Division 3 Ruling Relating to the Disclosure of Evidence
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第三百十六条の二十五裁判所は、証拠の開示の必要性の程度並びに証拠の開示によつて生じるおそれのある弊害の内容及び程度その他の事情を考慮して、必要と認めるときは、第三百十六条の十四(第三百十六条の二十一第四項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による開示をすべき証拠については検察官の請求により、第三百十六条の十八(第三百十六条の二十二第四項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による開示をすべき証拠については被告人又は弁護人の請求により、決定で、当該証拠の開示の時期若しくは方法を指定し、又は条件を付することができる。
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Article 316-25(1)When the court deems it necessary according to the degree of necessity for the disclosure of evidence, the possible harmful effects of disclosure and other factors, it may, upon the request of the public prosecutor for evidence which should be disclosed pursuant to the provision of Article 316-14 (including cases to which this provision applies mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of paragraph (4) of Article 316-21) and upon the request of the accused or his/her counsel for evidence which should be disclosed pursuant to the provision of Article 316-18 (including cases to which this provision applies mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of paragraph (4) of Article 316-21) on a ruling, designate the time or the means of the disclosure of evidence or set appropriate conditions for the disclosure.
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第三百十六条の二十六裁判所は、検察官が第三百十六条の十四若しくは第三百十六条の十五第一項(第三百十六条の二十一第四項においてこれらの規定を準用する場合を含む。)若しくは第三百十六条の二十第一項(第三百十六条の二十二第五項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による開示をすべき証拠を開示していないと認めるとき、又は被告人若しくは弁護人が第三百十六条の十八(第三百十六条の二十二第四項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による開示をすべき証拠を開示していないと認めるときは、相手方の請求により、決定で、当該証拠の開示を命じなければならない。この場合において、裁判所は、開示の時期若しくは方法を指定し、又は条件を付することができる。
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Article 316-26(1)When the court deems that the public prosecutor has not disclosed the evidence which was to be disclosed pursuant to Article 316-14, paragraph (1) of Article 316-15 (including cases in which these provisions apply mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of paragraph (4) of Article 316-21) or paragraph (1) of Article 316-20 (including cases in which this provision applies mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of paragraph (5) of Article 316-22) or that the accused or his/her counsel has not disclosed the evidence which was to be disclosed pursuant to Article 316-18 (including cases in which this provision applies mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of paragraph (4) of Article 316-22), it shall, upon the request of the opponent, order the disclosure of evidence on a ruling.In this case, the court may, on a ruling, designate the time or the means of disclosure of the evidence or set appropriate conditions for the disclosure.
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第三百十六条の二十七裁判所は、第三百十六条の二十五第一項又は前条第一項の請求について決定をするに当たり、必要があると認めるときは、検察官、被告人又は弁護人に対し、当該請求に係る証拠の提示を命ずることができる。この場合においては、裁判所は、何人にも、当該証拠の閲覧又は謄写をさせることができない。
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Article 316-27(1)When the court deems it necessary in making a ruling for the request prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 316-25 or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, it may order the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel to present the evidence which is requested.In this case, the court shall not let anyone inspect or copy the evidence.
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(2)When the court deems it necessary in making a ruling for the request made by the accused or his/her counsel prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, it may order the public prosecutor to present a list of the evidence that he/she holds which falls within the range specified by the court.In this case, the court shall not let anyone inspect or copy the list.
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(3)The provision of Article 1 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the court where the immediate appeal prescribed in the provision of paragraph (3) of Article 316-25 of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is pending and the provision of the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to the court where the immediate appeal prescribed in the provision of paragraph (3) of the same Article is pending.
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第二款 期日間整理手続
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Subsection 2 Inter-trial Arrangement Proceeding
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第三百十六条の二十八裁判所は、審理の経過にかんがみ必要と認めるときは、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人の意見を聴いて、第一回公判期日後に、決定で、事件の争点及び証拠を整理するための公判準備として、事件を期日間整理手続に付することができる。
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Article 316-28(1)When the court considers it necessary during the course of the proceedings, the court may, after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel and after the first trial date, put the case, on a ruling, into an inter-trial arrangement proceeding as preparation for the trial to arrange the issues and evidence of the case.
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(2)The provisions of the preceding Subsection (excluding the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 316-2 and paragraph (3) of Article 316-9) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the inter-trial arrangement proceeding.In this case, the evidence that the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel requested to be examined before the ruling prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to be the evidence that was requested to be investigated in the inter-trial arrangement proceeding and the words "the date of the pretrial arrangement proceeding" prescribed in Articles 316-6 to 316-10 and 316-12 shall be deemed to be "the date of the inter-trial arrangement proceeding" and the word "the records of the pretrial arrangement proceeding" prescribed in paragraph (2) of the same Article shall be deemed to be "the records of the inter-trial arrangement proceeding."
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第三款 公判手続の特例
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Subsection 3 Special Provisions for the Trial Procedure
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第三百十六条の二十九公判前整理手続又は期日間整理手続に付された事件を審理する場合には、第二百八十九条第一項に規定する事件に該当しないときであつても、弁護人がなければ開廷することはできない。
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Article 316-29When the case has been placed into a pretrial arrangement proceeding or an inter-trial arrangement proceeding, the court may not be convened without the presence of the counsel of the accused even if it is not the case prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 289.
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第三百十六条の三十公判前整理手続に付された事件については、被告人又は弁護人は、証拠により証明すべき事実その他の事実上及び法律上の主張があるときは、第二百九十六条の手続に引き続き、これを明らかにしなければならない。この場合においては、同条ただし書の規定を準用する。
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Article 316-30With regard to a case which has been placed in a pretrial arrangement proceeding, when the accused or his/her counsel has facts to be proved by evidence or any other factual or legal allegations, he/she shall clearly reveal them after the proceeding prescribed in Article 296.In this case, the proviso of the same Article shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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第三百十六条の三十一公判前整理手続に付された事件については、裁判所は、裁判所の規則の定めるところにより、前条の手続が終わつた後、公判期日において、当該公判前整理手続の結果を明らかにしなければならない。
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Article 316-31(1)With regard to a case that has gone through the pretrial arrangement proceeding, the court shall, pursuant to the Rules of Court, reveal the results of the proceeding on the trial date after the proceeding prescribed in the preceding Article.
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第三百十六条の三十二公判前整理手続又は期日間整理手続に付された事件については、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人は、第二百九十八条第一項の規定にかかわらず、やむを得ない事由によつて公判前整理手続又は期日間整理手続において請求することができなかつたものを除き、当該公判前整理手続又は期日間整理手続が終わつた後には、証拠調べを請求することができない。
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Article 316-32(1)After the end of a pretrial arrangement proceeding or an inter-trial arrangement proceeding, notwithstanding the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 298, the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel may not request examination of evidence except such evidence that was not able to be requested in the proceeding because of unavoidable reasons.
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第二節 証拠
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Section 2 Evidence
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第三百十七条事実の認定は、証拠による。
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Article 317Facts shall be found on the basis of evidence.
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第三百十八条証拠の証明力は、裁判官の自由な判断に委ねる。
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Article 318The probative value of evidence shall be left to the free discretion of the judge.
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第三百十九条強制、拷問又は脅迫による自白、不当に長く抑留又は拘禁がされた後の自白その他任意にされたものでない疑のある自白は、これを証拠とすることができない。
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Article 319(1)Confession under compulsion, torture, threat, after unduly prolonged detention or when there is doubt about it being voluntary may not be admitted as evidence.
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第三百二十条第三百二十一条乃至第三百二十八条に規定する場合を除いては、公判期日における供述に代えて書面を証拠とし、又は公判期日外における他の者の供述を内容とする供述を証拠とすることはできない。
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Article 320(1)No document nor statement of another person made outside of the trial may be used as evidence in lieu of a statement made at the trial, unless as otherwise prescribed in Articles 321 to 328.
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第三百二十一条被告人以外の者が作成した供述書又はその者の供述を録取した書面で供述者の署名若しくは押印のあるものは、次に掲げる場合に限り、これを証拠とすることができる。
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Article 321(1)A written statement made by a person other than the accused, or a written statement recording the statement of that person and with the signature or the seal affixed by that person may be used as evidence only in the following circumstances:
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一裁判官の面前(第百五十七条の四第一項に規定する方法による場合を含む。)における供述を録取した書面については、その供述者が死亡、精神若しくは身体の故障、所在不明若しくは国外にいるため公判準備若しくは公判期日において供述することができないとき、又は供述者が公判準備若しくは公判期日において前の供述と異つた供述をしたとき。
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(i)With regard to a document which contains a statement given before a judge (including the methods prescribed in Article 157-4), when the person who has made that statement is unable to testify at the trial or in the trial preparation, owing to death, mental or physical disorder, being non est or out of the country, or when the person has given testimony at the trial or trial preparation that is inconsistent with a prior statement.
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二検察官の面前における供述を録取した書面については、その供述者が死亡、精神若しくは身体の故障、所在不明若しくは国外にいるため公判準備若しくは公判期日において供述することができないとき、又は公判準備若しくは公判期日において前の供述と相反するか若しくは実質的に異つた供述をしたとき。但し、公判準備又は公判期日における供述よりも前の供述を信用すべき特別の情況の存するときに限る。
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(ii)With regard to a document which contains a statement given before a public prosecutor, when the person who has made that statement is unable to testify at the trial or in the trial preparation, owing to death, mental or physical disorder, being non est or out of the country, or when the person has given testimony at the trial or trial preparation that conflicts or substantially differs from a previous statement; provided, however, that this shall be limited to cases where the previous statement was made under circumstances that afford a statement more credible than the testimony given at the trial or in the trial preparation.
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三前二号に掲げる書面以外の書面については、供述者が死亡、精神若しくは身体の故障、所在不明又は国外にいるため公判準備又は公判期日において供述することができず、且つ、その供述が犯罪事実の存否の証明に欠くことができないものであるとき。但し、その供述が特に信用すべき情況の下にされたものであるときに限る。
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(iii)With regard to a document other than those prescribed in the preceding two items, when the person who has given the statement is unable to testify at the trial or in the trial preparation, owing to death, mental or physical disorder, being non est or out of the country, and the statement is essential to prove or disprove the facts of the crime; provided, however, that this shall be limited to cases in which the previous statement was made under circumstances that afford special credibility.
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(3)A document which contains the results of an inspection by a public prosecutor, an assistant officer of a prosecutor or a judicial police official may be used as evidence notwithstanding the provision of the first paragraph, if the inspector attends the trial as a witness and verifies upon examination the authenticity of the document that was prepared.
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第三百二十一条の二被告事件の公判準備若しくは公判期日における手続以外の刑事手続又は他の事件の刑事手続において第百五十七条の四第一項に規定する方法によりされた証人の尋問及び供述並びにその状況を記録した記録媒体がその一部とされた調書は、前条第一項の規定にかかわらず、証拠とすることができる。この場合において、裁判所は、その調書を取り調べた後、訴訟関係人に対し、その供述者を証人として尋問する機会を与えなければならない。
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Article 321-2(1)A written statement, part of which is attached with a medium that has recorded the examination, testimony or the proceedings of the examination pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 157-4 conducted during criminal proceedings other than the trial or the trial preparation or during other criminal proceedings may be used as evidence notwithstanding the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article. In this case, the court shall give the persons concernedin the case an opportunity to examine those who have made statements as witnesses, after examination of the written statement.
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(3)The statement recorded in the written statement examined pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of this Article shall be deemed to have been made at the trial of the case under public prosecution, when applying the first part of paragraph (1) of Article 295, and paragraph (1), item (i) and item (ii) of the preceding Article.
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第三百二十二条被告人が作成した供述書又は被告人の供述を録取した書面で被告人の署名若しくは押印のあるものは、その供述が被告人に不利益な事実の承認を内容とするものであるとき、又は特に信用すべき情況の下にされたものであるときに限り、これを証拠とすることができる。但し、被告人に不利益な事実の承認を内容とする書面は、その承認が自白でない場合においても、第三百十九条の規定に準じ、任意にされたものでない疑があると認めるときは、これを証拠とすることができない。
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Article 322(1)A written statement made by the accused or a written statement recording the statement of the accused and which has his/her signature and seal affixed by him/her may be used as evidence, when the statement contains an admission of a disadvantageous fact, or is made under circumstances that afford special credibility; provided, however, that even if the admission is not a confession, a document which contains an admission of a disadvantageous fact may not be used as evidence when there is doubt about it being voluntary as prescribed in Article 319.
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第三百二十三条前三条に掲げる書面以外の書面は、次に掲げるものに限り、これを証拠とすることができる。
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Article 323A document other than those prescribed in the preceding three Articles may be used as evidence if the document is:
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一戸籍謄本、公正証書謄本その他公務員(外国の公務員を含む。)がその職務上証明することができる事実についてその公務員の作成した書面
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(i)A transcript of a family register, a transcript of a notarized deed or other documents on facts which a public officer (including an officer of a foreign government) may certify and which is made by that public officer.
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二商業帳簿、航海日誌その他業務の通常の過程において作成された書面
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(ii)An account book, a log book and other documents prepared in ordinary social activities.
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三前二号に掲げるものの外特に信用すべき情況の下に作成された書面
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(iii)A document other than those prescribed in the preceding two items made under circumstances that afford special credibility.
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第三百二十四条被告人以外の者の公判準備又は公判期日における供述で被告人の供述をその内容とするものについては、第三百二十二条の規定を準用する。
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Article 324(1)With regard to the statement made by a person other than the accused at the trial or in the trial preparation and which contains the statement of the accused, the provision of Article 322 shall be applied.
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第三百二十五条裁判所は、第三百二十一条から前条までの規定により証拠とすることができる書面又は供述であつても、あらかじめ、その書面に記載された供述又は公判準備若しくは公判期日における供述の内容となつた他の者の供述が任意にされたものかどうかを調査した後でなければ、これを証拠とすることができない。
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Article 325The court may not use a document or written statement which can be used pursuant to the provision of Article 321 up to the preceding Article as evidence unless the court has examined whether the statement in the document or in the statement of other persons at the trial or in the trial preparation has been made voluntarily.
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第三百二十六条検察官及び被告人が証拠とすることに同意した書面又は供述は、その書面が作成され又は供述のされたときの情況を考慮し相当と認めるときに限り、第三百二十一条乃至前条の規定にかかわらず、これを証拠とすることができる。
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Article 326(1)A document or statement that the public prosecutor or the accused has consented for use as evidence may be used as evidence notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 321 to 325 when the court finds it appropriate considering the circumstances in which the document or statement was made.
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(2)In cases when evidence may be examined without the appearance of the accused, it shall be deemed that the accused has given the consent prescribed in the preceding paragraph when he/she does not appear at the trial; provided, however, that this shall not apply when his/her agent or his/her counsel appears at the trial.
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第三百二十七条裁判所は、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人が合意の上、文書の内容又は公判期日に出頭すれば供述することが予想されるその供述の内容を書面に記載して提出したときは、その文書又は供述すべき者を取り調べないでも、その書面を証拠とすることができる。この場合においても、その書面の証明力を争うことを妨げない。
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Article 327The court may, when the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel have agreed to write down the contents of a statement that contain the contents of a certain document or a certain statement that a witness would testify to at the trial and have submitted such written statement to the court, use it as evidence without examining the original or the witness.However, the probative value of the document may be challenged regardless.
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第三百二十八条第三百二十一条乃至第三百二十四条の規定により証拠とすることができない書面又は供述であつても、公判準備又は公判期日における被告人、証人その他の者の供述の証明力を争うためには、これを証拠とすることができる。
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Article 328A document or a statement, which cannot be used as evidence pursuant to the provisions of Articles 321 to 324 may be used to challenge the probative value of the statement of the accused, the witness or other persons at the trial or in the trial preparation.
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第三節 公判の裁判
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Section 3 Decisions in the Trial
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第三百二十九条被告事件が裁判所の管轄に属しないときは、判決で管轄違の言渡をしなければならない。但し、第二百六十六条第二号の規定により地方裁判所の審判に付された事件については、管轄違の言渡をすることはできない。
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Article 329When a court has no jurisdiction over a case under public prosecution, it shall render, by a judgment, a decision of lack of jurisdiction; provided, however, that it may not render such decision on a case which has been committed to a district court for trial pursuant to the provision of item (ii) of Article 266.
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第三百三十条高等裁判所は、その特別権限に属する事件として公訴の提起があった場合において、その事件が下級の裁判所の管轄に属するものと認めるときは、前条の規定にかかわらず、決定で管轄裁判所にこれを移送しなければならない。
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Article 330When there is an institution of prosecution for a case falling under the special jurisdiction of a high court and the high court finds the case falls under the jurisdiction of a lower court, the high court shall, on a ruling, transfer the case to the court with jurisdiction notwithstanding the provision of the preceding Article.
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第三百三十一条裁判所は、被告人の申立がなければ、土地管轄について、管轄違の言渡をすることができない。
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Article 331(1)A court shall not render a decision of lack of territorial jurisdiction without the petition of the accused.
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第三百三十二条簡易裁判所は、地方裁判所において審判するのを相当と認めるときは、決定で管轄地方裁判所にこれを移送しなければならない。
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Article 332When the summary court deems it reasonable for the case to be tried by a district court, it shall, on a ruling, transfer the case to the district court with jurisdiction.
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第三百三十三条被告事件について犯罪の証明があつたときは、第三百三十四条の場合を除いては、判決で刑の言渡をしなければならない。
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Article 333(1)When the case under public prosecution has been proven to be a crime, the court shall render punishment by a judgment, except as otherwise prescribed in Article 334.
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第三百三十四条被告事件について刑を免除するときは、判決でその旨の言渡をしなければならない。
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Article 334Exculpation of a person under public prosecution shall be rendered by a judgment.
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第三百三十五条有罪の言渡をするには、罪となるべき事実、証拠の標目及び法令の適用を示さなければならない。
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Article 335(1)When pronouncing a sentence, the court shall signify the facts constituting the crime, the list of evidence, and the application of laws and regulations.
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第三百三十六条被告事件が罪とならないとき、又は被告事件について犯罪の証明がないときは、判決で無罪の言渡をしなければならない。
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Article 336When the case under public prosecution does not constitute a crime or has not been proven to be a crime, the court shall render a not guilty verdict in the judgment.
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第三百三十七条左の場合には、判決で免訴の言渡をしなければならない。
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Article 337The court shall, by a judgment, render a dismissal for judicial bar when:
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一確定判決を経たとき。
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(i)The case has gone through a final and binding judgment;
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二犯罪後の法令により刑が廃止されたとき。
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(ii)The punishment is repealed by laws and regulations established after the crime;
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三大赦があつたとき。
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(iii)There is a general pardon;
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四時効が完成したとき。
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(iv)There is a lapse of the statue of limitations.
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第三百三十八条左の場合には、判決で公訴を棄却しなければならない。
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Article 338The court shall, by a judgment, render a dismissal of prosecution when:
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一被告人に対して裁判権を有しないとき
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(i)It has no national jurisdiction over the accused;
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二第三百四十条の規定に違反して公訴が提起されたとき。
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(ii)The prosecution has been instituted in violation of Article 340;
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三公訴の提起があつた事件について、更に同一裁判所に公訴が提起されたとき。
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(iii)There is an institution of prosecution for the same case in the same court;
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四公訴提起の手続がその規定に違反したため無効であるとき。
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(iv)The procedure of the institution of prosecution is ineffective because of violation of the provisions.
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第三百三十九条左の場合には、決定で公訴を棄却しなければならない。
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Article 339(1)The court shall, on a ruling, render a dismissal of prosecution when:
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一第二百七十一条第二項の規定により公訴の提起がその効力を失つたとき。
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(i)The institution of prosecution ceases to be effective in accordance with the provision of paragraph (2) of Article 271;
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二起訴状に記載された事実が真実であつても、何らの罪となるべき事実を包含していないとき。
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(ii)The facts written in the charging sheet, although they may be true, do not include any facts constituting a crime;
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三公訴が取り消されたとき。
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(iii)The prosecution has been revoked;
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四被告人が死亡し、又は被告人たる法人が存続しなくなつたとき。
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(iv)The accused is deceased or a juridical person which is the accused ceases to exist;
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五第十条又は第十一条の規定により審判してはならないとき。
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(v)The case may not be tried in accordance with the provision of Article 10 or 11;
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第三百四十条公訴の取消による公訴棄却の決定が確定したときは、公訴の取消後犯罪事実につきあらたに重要な証拠を発見した場合に限り、同一事件について更に公訴を提起することができる。
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Article 340When a ruling of dismissal of prosecution based on revocation of the prosecution becomes final and binding, prosecution for the same case shall not be instituted again unless there is the new discovery of an important fact.
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第三百四十一条被告人が陳述をせず、許可を受けないで退廷し、又は秩序維持のため裁判長から退廷を命ぜられたときは、その陳述を聴かないで判決をすることができる。
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Article 341When the accused does not make any statement, and he/she leaves the court without permission, or is ordered to leave the court by the presiding judge for the sake of maintenance of order, the court may render a judgment without hearing his/her statement.
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第三百四十二条判決は、公判廷において、宣告によりこれを告知する。
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Article 342The judgment shall be notified by being pronounced in open court.
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第三百四十三条禁錮以上の刑に処する判決の宣告があつたときは、保釈又は勾留の執行停止は、その効力を失う。この場合には、あらたに保釈又は勾留の執行停止の決定がないときに限り、第九十八条の規定を準用する。
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Article 343When a judgment to impose imprisonment without work or a greater punishment is pronounced, the bail or suspension of execution of detention loses its effect.In this case, only when there is no new ruling of bail or suspension of execution of detention, the provision of Article 98 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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第三百四十四条禁錮以上の刑に処する判決の宣告があつた後は、第六十条第二項但書及び第八十九条の規定は、これを適用しない。
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Article 344The provisions of the proviso to paragraph (2) of Article 60 and Article 89 shall not apply after a judgment to impose imprisonment without work or a greater punishment has been pronounced.
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第三百四十五条無罪、免訴、刑の免除、刑の執行猶予、公訴棄却(第三百三十八条第四号による場合を除く。)、罰金又は科料の裁判の告知があつたときは、勾留状は、その効力を失う。
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Article 345When there is a notification of a decision of acquittal, dismissal, exculpation, suspension of execution, dismissal of prosecution (except as otherwise prescribed in item (iv) of Article 338), a fine or petty fine, the detention warrant shall lose its effect.
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第三百四十六条押収した物について、没収の言渡がないときは、押収を解く言渡があつたものとする。
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Article 346When there is no rendition for the confiscating of seized objects, the decision to release the seizure shall be deemed to have been rendered.
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第三百四十七条押収した贓物で被害者に還付すべき理由が明らかなものは、これを被害者に還付する言渡をしなければならない。
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Article 347(1)With regard to seized property which has been obtained through a crime and of which the reason necessitating return to the victim is clear, a decision to return such property to the victim shall be rendered.
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第三百四十八条裁判所は、罰金、科料又は追徴を言い渡す場合において、判決の確定を待つてはその執行をすることができず、又はその執行をするのに著しい困難を生ずる虞があると認めるときは、検察官の請求により又は職権で、被告人に対し、仮に罰金、科料又は追徴に相当する金額を納付すべきことを命ずることができる。
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Article 348(1)When the court, in rendering a fine, petty fine or collection of a sum of equivalent value, deems that it will be impossible or difficult to execute the judgment should there be a delay until the judgment becomes final and binding, the court may, upon a request by the public prosecutor or ex officio, order the accused to provisionally pay an amount equal to the fine, petty fine or collection of sum of equivalent value.
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第三百四十九条刑の執行猶予の言渡を取り消すべき場合には、検察官は、刑の言渡を受けた者の現在地又は最後の住所地を管轄する地方裁判所、家庭裁判所又は簡易裁判所に対しその請求をしなければならない。
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Article 349(1)When a rendition to suspend an execution of punishment is to be revoked, a public prosecutor shall make a request for the revocation to the district, family or summary court which has jurisdiction over the present place or the last domicile of the person who has been sentenced to punishment.
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第三百四十九条の二前条の請求があつたときは、裁判所は、猶予の言渡を受けた者又はその代理人の意見を聴いて決定をしなければならない。
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Article 349-2(1)When the request prescribed in the preceding Article has been made, a court shall, after hearing the opinion of the person who has been rendered suspension of execution or his/her representative, make a decision.
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(2)In the case of the preceding paragraph, when the request is for the revoking of a rendition of suspending execution pursuant to the provision of item (ii) of Article 26-2 of the Penal Code and when there is a request by the person who has been rendered the suspension, the proceeding shall undergo an oral argument.
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第三百五十条刑法第五十二条の規定により刑を定むべき場合には、検察官は、その犯罪事実について最終の判決をした裁判所にその請求をしなければならない。この場合には、前条第一項及び第五項の規定を準用する。
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Article 350When a punishment is to be determined pursuant to the provision of Article 52 of the Penal Code, the public prosecutor shall request the court which rendered the final judgment to do so.In this case, the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (5) of the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis.
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第四章 即決裁判手続
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Chapter IV Speedy Trial Procedure
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第一節 即決裁判手続の申立て
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Section 1 Petition for the Speedy Trial Procedure
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第三百五十条の二検察官は、公訴を提起しようとする事件について、事案が明白であり、かつ、軽微であること、証拠調べが速やかに終わると見込まれることその他の事情を考慮し、相当と認めるときは、公訴の提起と同時に、書面により即決裁判手続の申立てをすることができる。ただし、死刑又は無期若しくは短期一年以上の懲役若しくは禁錮に当たる事件については、この限りでない。
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Article 350-2(1)When a public prosecutor deems it appropriate, considering a case in which he/she is intending to institute prosecution to be clear and minor and where the examination of evidence is expected to be completed promptly as well as other circumstances, he/she may make a petition for a speedy trial procedure in writing; provided, however, that this shall not apply to cases which are punishable by the death penalty, life imprisonment or imprisonment with or without work for not less than one year.
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(3)When a public prosecutor is confirming whether or not the suspect gives the consent prescribed in the preceding paragraph, he/she shall do so in writing.In this case, the public prosecutor shall explain, to the suspect, the facts which are necessary to make him/her understand the speedy trial procedure (including the fact that, if he/she does not have defense counsel, he/she may appoint one pursuant to the provision of the following Article) and notify him/her that he/she may be tried pursuant to the provisions of regular rules.
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第三百五十条の三前条第三項の確認を求められた被疑者が即決裁判手続によることについて同意をするかどうかを明らかにしようとする場合において、被疑者が貧困その他の事由により弁護人を選任することができないときは、裁判官は、その請求により、被疑者のため弁護人を付さなければならない。ただし、被疑者以外の者が選任した弁護人がある場合は、この限りでない。
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Article 350-3(1)When a suspect, who is asked for the confirmation prescribed in paragraph (3) of the preceding Article, is going to declare whether he/she will consent to be tried by a speedy trial procedure and when the accused is unable to appoint defense counsel because of indigence or other reasons, the judge shall appoint counsel for the accused upon his/her request; provided, however, that this shall not apply when defense counsel has been appointed by a person other than the accused.
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第二節 公判準備及び公判手続の特例
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Section 2 Special Measures for Trial Preparation and Trial Procedure
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第三百五十条の四即決裁判手続の申立てがあつた場合において、被告人に弁護人がないときは、裁判長は、できる限り速やかに、職権で弁護人を付さなければならない。
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Article 350-4When there is a petition for a speedy trial procedure and there is no defense counsel for the accused, the presiding judge shall appoint counsel ex officio as promptly as possible.
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第三百五十条の五検察官は、即決裁判手続の申立てをした事件について、被告人又は弁護人に対し、第二百九十九条第一項の規定により証拠書類を閲覧する機会その他の同項に規定する機会を与えるべき場合には、できる限り速やかに、その機会を与えなければならない。
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Article 350-5In a case in which a speedy trial procedure has been petitioned, when the public prosecutor is giving an opportunity to the accused or his/her counsel to inspect the documentary evidence or other opportunity pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 299, the public prosecutor shall give the opportunity as promptly as possible.
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第三百五十条の六裁判所は、即決裁判手続の申立てがあつた事件について、弁護人が即決裁判手続によることについてその意見を留保しているとき、又は即決裁判手続の申立てがあつた後に弁護人が選任されたときは、弁護人に対し、できる限り速やかに、即決裁判手続によることについて同意をするかどうかの確認を求めなければならない。
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Article 350-6(1)In a case in which a speedy trial procedure has been petitioned, when the defense counsel reserves giving consent for a speedy trial procedure or when he/she was appointed after the petition for the speedy trial procedure was made, the court shall ask the defense counsel for confirmation as to whether or not consent is given to the procedure as promptly as possible.
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第三百五十条の七裁判長は、即決裁判手続の申立てがあつたときは、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人の意見を聴いた上で、その申立て後(前条第一項に規定する場合においては、同項の同意があつた後)、できる限り早い時期の公判期日を定めなければならない。
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Article 350-7When a petition for the speedy trial procedure has been made, the presiding judge shall, after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel, set a trial date after the petition (after the consent prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article in the case referred to in the paragraph) which is as early as possible.
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第三百五十条の八裁判所は、即決裁判手続の申立てがあつた事件について、第二百九十一条第二項の手続に際し、被告人が起訴状に記載された訴因について有罪である旨の陳述をしたときは、次に掲げる場合を除き、即決裁判手続によつて審判をする旨の決定をしなければならない。
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Article 350-8In a case which is petitioned to be tried by a speedy trial procedure, the court shall decide, on a ruling, that the case is to be tried by a speedy trial procedure when the accused states that he/she is guilty for the count written in the charging sheet, except when:
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一第三百五十条の二第二項又は第四項の同意が撤回されたとき。
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(i)The consent prescribed in paragraph (2) or (4) of Article 350-2 has been revoked;
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二第三百五十条の六第一項に規定する場合において、同項の同意がされなかつたとき、又はその同意が撤回されたとき。
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(ii)Consent has not been given or has been revoked in the case prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 350;
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三前二号に掲げるもののほか、当該事件が即決裁判手続によることができないものであると認めるとき。
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(iii)In addition to the cases prescribed in the preceding two items, the court considers that the case cannot be tried by a speedy trial procedure;
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四当該事件が即決裁判手続によることが相当でないものであると認めるとき。
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(iv)The court considers the case inappropriate for a speedy trial procedure.
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第三百五十条の九前条の手続を行う公判期日及び即決裁判手続による公判期日については、弁護人がないときは、これを開くことができない。
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Article 350-9When there is no defense counsel, the trial for the procedure prescribed in the preceding Article and for the speedy trial procedure shall not be convened.
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第三百五十条の十第三百五十条の八の決定のための審理及び即決裁判手続による審判については、第二百八十四条、第二百八十五条、第二百九十六条、第二百九十七条、第三百条から第三百二条まで及び第三百四条から第三百七条までの規定は、これを適用しない。
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Article 350-10(1)The provisions of Articles 284, 285, 296, 297, 300 to 302 and 304 to 307 shall not apply to the proceedings for the ruling prescribed in Article 350-8 and trials undergoing the speedy trial procedure.
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第三百五十条の十一裁判所は、第三百五十条の八の決定があつた事件について、次の各号のいずれかに該当することとなつた場合には、当該決定を取り消さなければならない。
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Article 350-11(1)In cases in which the ruling of Article 350-8 has been made, the court shall revoke the ruling when:
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一判決の言渡し前に、被告人又は弁護人が即決裁判手続によることについての同意を撤回したとき。
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(i)The accused or his/her counsel revokes consent to the speedy trial procedure before the judgment;
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二判決の言渡し前に、被告人が起訴状に記載された訴因について有罪である旨の陳述を撤回したとき。
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(ii)The accused revokes the statement that he/she is guilty for the count written in the charging sheet before the judgment;
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三前二号に掲げるもののほか、当該事件が即決裁判手続によることができないものであると認めるとき。
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(iii)In addition to the cases prescribed in the preceding two items, the court considers that the case cannot be tried by a speedy trial procedure;
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四当該事件が即決裁判手続によることが相当でないものであると認めるとき。
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(iv)The court considers the case to be inappropriate for the speedy trial procedure.
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第三節 証拠の特例
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Section 3 Special Measures for Evidence
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第三百五十条の十二第三百五十条の八の決定があつた事件の証拠については、第三百二十条第一項の規定は、これを適用しない。ただし、検察官、被告人又は弁護人が証拠とすることに異議を述べたものについては、この限りでない。
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Article 350-12The provision of paragraph (1) of Article 320 shall not apply to evidence in cases for which the ruling provided by Article 350-8 has been made; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the public prosecutor, the accused or the counsel files an objection against the qualification.
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第四節 公判の裁判の特例
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Section 4 Special Measures for Decisions in the Trial
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第三百五十条の十三裁判所は、第三百五十条の八の決定があつた事件については、できる限り、即日判決の言渡しをしなければならない。
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Article 350-13With regard to cases for which the ruling provided for by Article 350-8 has been made, the court shall render a judgment, insofar as possible, within one day.
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第三百五十条の十四即決裁判手続において懲役又は禁錮の言渡しをする場合には、その刑の執行猶予の言渡しをしなければならない。
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Article 350-14When a court renders a judgment of imprisonment in a speedy trial procedure, it shall render suspension of execution of the sentence.
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