Article 8(1)Even where a request for an administrative review of the original administrative disposition may be made pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations, this does not preclude the immediate filing of an action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition; provided, however, that this does not apply if there are provisions in any law that no action for the revocation of an original administrative disposition may be filed until an administrative determination is made in response to a request for an administrative review of the original administrative disposition.

(2)Even in the case referred to in the proviso to the preceding paragraph, if the case falls under any of the following items, an action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition may be filed without obtaining an administrative determination:

(3)In the case referred to in the main clause of paragraph (1), if a request for an administrative review of the original administrative disposition has already been made, the court may suspend litigation proceedings until an administrative determination is made in response to the request for the administrative review (in cases where no administrative determination is made after a period of three months has elapsed from the day on which the request for the administrative review was made, until that period expires).

Article 9(1)An action for the revocation of an original administrative disposition and an action for the revocation of an administrative determination (hereinafter referred to as "actions for the revocation of administrative dispositions") may be filed only by a person who has legal interest to seek the revocation of the original administrative disposition or of the administrative determination (including a person who has legal interest to be recovered by revoking the original administrative disposition or administrative determination even after it has lost its effect due to the expiration of a certain period or for other reasons).

(2)When judging whether or not any person, other than the person to whom an original administrative disposition or administrative determination is addressed, has the legal interest prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the court is not to rely only on the language of the provisions of the laws and regulations which give a basis for the original administrative disposition or administrative determination, but is to consider the purport and objectives of the laws and regulations as well as the content and nature of the interest that should be taken into consideration in making the original administrative disposition.In this case, when considering the purport and objectives of those laws and regulations, the court is take into consideration the purport and objectives of any related laws and regulations which share the objective in common with those laws and regulations, and when considering the content and nature of that interest, the court is to take into consideration the content and nature of the interest that would be harmed if the original administrative disposition or administrative determination were made in violation of the laws and regulations which give a basis therefor, as well as in what manner and to what extent that interest would be harmed.

Article 10(1)In an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition, the plaintiff may not seek revocation on the grounds of breach of law which is irrelevant to their interest.

(2)Where both an action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition and an action for the revocation of an administrative determination that has dismissed a request for an administrative review of the original administrative disposition may be filed, it may not be allowed to seek the revocation of the original administrative disposition on the grounds of illegality thereof in an action for the revocation of an administrative determination.

Article 11(1)Where an administrative authority that has made an original administrative disposition or administrative determination (in cases where the power of the administrative authority that made the original administrative disposition or administrative determination has later been succeeded to by another administrative authority, that other administrative authority; the same applies hereinafter) is affiliated with the State or a public entity, any action for the revocation of that administrative disposition must be filed against the person specified in each of the following items according to the categories of actions listed in the respective items:

(2)Where an administrative authority that has made the original administrative disposition or administrative determination is not affiliated with the State or any public entity, any action for the revocation of that administrative disposition must be filed against the administrative authority.

(3)Where neither the State nor any public entity or administrative authority can be identified as the party to be sued under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, any action for the revocation of an administrative disposition must be filed against the State or public entity in which the affairs pertaining to the original administrative disposition or administrative determination are vested.

(4)When filing an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition against the State or a public entity pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph, the administrative authority specified in each of the following items according to the categories of actions listed in the respective items is to be stated in a complaint, in addition to the matters to be stated under the provisions on civil actions:

(5)Where an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition is filed against the State or a public entity pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (3), the defendant must clearly indicate to the court, without delay, the administrative authority specified in each of the following items according to the categories of actions listed in the respective items.

(6)An administrative authority that has made an original administrative disposition or administrative determination has the power to conduct any and all acts in court in an action filed against the State or the public entity under the provisions of paragraph (1) with regard to the original administrative disposition or administrative determination.

Article 12(1)An action for the revocation of an administrative disposition is subject to the jurisdiction of the court that has jurisdiction over the location of the general venue of the defendant or the court that has jurisdiction over the location of the administrative authority that has made the original administrative disposition or administrative determination.

(2)An action for the revocation of administrative dispositions pertaining to condemnation of land or establishment of a mining right or any other original administrative disposition or administrative determination pertaining to real property or a particular place may also be filed with the court that has jurisdiction over the location of the real property or place.

(3)An action for the revocation of an administrative disposition may also be filed with the court that has jurisdiction over the location of the lower administrative organ that has handled the case regarding the original administrative disposition or administrative determination.

(4)An action for the revocation of an administrative disposition against the State or an incorporated administrative agency prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies (Act No. 103 of 1999) or any of the juridical persons listed in the appended table may also be filed with the district court that has jurisdiction over the location of the high court that has jurisdiction over the location of the plaintiff's general venue (hereinafter referred to as a "specified court with jurisdiction" in the following paragraph).

(5)Where an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition set forth in the preceding paragraph is filed with a specified court with jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph while an action for the judicial review of an administrative disposition is pending at another court with regard to another original administrative disposition or administrative determination that was made based on the de facto or de jure same cause as that of the former, the specified court with jurisdiction may, upon petition or by its own authority, transfer the whole or part of the action to that other court or any of the courts specified in paragraph (1) through paragraph (3), when it finds it appropriate while taking into consideration the address or location of each party, the address of each witness to be examined, the points at issue or evidence common to both cases, and other circumstances concerned.

Article 13Where an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition and an action pertaining to a claim that falls under any of the following items (hereinafter referred to as a "related claim") are pending before different courts, the court before which the action pertaining to a related claim is pending may, upon petition or by its own authority, transfer the action to the other court before which the action for the revocation of the administrative disposition is pending, when it finds it appropriate; provided, however, that this does not apply where either the action for the revocation of the administrative disposition or the action pertaining to a related claim is pending before a high court:

Article 14(1)No action for the revocation of an administrative disposition may be filed when a period of six months has elapsed from the day on which the person who seeks revocation became aware of the fact that the original administrative disposition or administrative determination was made; provided, however, that this does not apply if there are reasonable grounds for failing to meet that time limit.

(2)No action for the revocation of an administrative disposition may be filed when a period of one year has elapsed from the date of the original administrative disposition or administrative determination; provided, however, that this does not apply if there are reasonable grounds for failing to meet that time limit.

(3)If a request for administrative review is made with regard to an original administrative disposition or administrative determination in cases where a request for administrative review may be made or where an administrative authority has mistakenly informed that a request for administrative review may be made, the person who has made the request, notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, may not file an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition when a period of six months has elapsed from the day on which the person became aware of the fact that an administrative determination was made in response to their request for an administrative review or when a period of one year has elapsed from the date of the administrative determination; provided, however, that this does not apply if there are reasonable grounds for failing to meet that time limit.

Article 15(1)When a plaintiff has, unintentionally or without gross negligence, sued a wrong person in an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition, the court may, upon the petition of the plaintiff, by an order, permit the plaintiff to change the defendant.

(2)An order set forth in the preceding paragraph is to be made in writing, and the authenticated copy thereof is to be served upon a new defendant.

(3)When an order set forth in paragraph (1) is made, it is deemed, with regard to compliance with the statute of limitations for filing an action, that an action against a new defendant was filed at the time of the filing of the initial action.

(4)When an order set forth in paragraph (1) is made, it is to be deemed that the action against the initial defendant has been withdrawn.

(5)No appeal may be entered against an order set forth in paragraph (1).

(6)An immediate appeal may be filed against an order to dismiss without prejudice a petition set forth in paragraph (1).

(7)When a court has made an order set forth in paragraph (1) in an appellate instance, the court must transfer the action to the court with jurisdiction.

Article 16(1)An action for the revocation of an administrative disposition may be joined with an action pertaining to a related claim.

(2)In the case of the joinder of actions under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if the court of first instance of the action for the revocation of an administrative disposition is a high court, it must obtain consent from the defendant in the action pertaining to a related claim. If the defendant has presented oral arguments on the merits or made statements in preparatory proceedings without making any objection, that defendant is deemed to have consented to the joinder of actions.

Article 17(1)Two or more persons may sue or be sued as coparties only in cases where claims made by or against those persons are a claim for the revocation of an original administrative disposition or administrative determination and its related claim.

(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis.

Article 18A third party, until the conclusion of the oral argument of an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition, may file an additional action pertaining to a related claim against either of the parties to the action for revocation, by joining these actions.In this case, if the action for the revocation of that administrative disposition is pending before a high court, the provisions of Article 16, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis.

Article 19(1)A plaintiff, until the conclusion of the oral argument of an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition, may file an additional action pertaining to a related claim, by joining these actions.In this case, if the action for the revocation of that administrative disposition is pending before a high court, the provisions of Article 16, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis.

(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition from being governed by the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (Act No. 109 of 1996).

Article 20When filing an action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition by joining it, pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, with an action for the revocation of an administrative determination that has dismissed a request for an administrative review of the original administrative disposition, it is not be required to obtain consent from the defendant in the action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 16, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the second sentence of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, and when an action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition is thus filed, it is deemed, with regard to compliance with the statute of limitations for filing an action, to have been filed at the time of the filing of the action for the revocation of an administrative determination.

Article 21(1)When the court finds it appropriate to amend the claim that is subject matter of an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition, to a claim for compensation for damages or any other claim against the State or a public entity in which the affairs pertaining to the original administrative disposition or administrative determination are vested, the court may, until the conclusion of the oral argument, upon the petition of the plaintiff, by an order, permit that amendment of the claim, unless there is any change to the basis for the claim.

(2)The provisions of Article 15, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to an order set forth in the preceding paragraph.

(3)The court, when making an order to permit amendment of a claim pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), must hear opinions in advance from the parties and the defendant in an action pertaining to a claim for compensation for damages or any other claim.

(4)An immediate appeal may be filed against an order to permit amendment of a claim.

(5)No appeal may be entered against an order not to permit amendment of a claim.

Article 22(1)If the outcome of an action would prejudice a right of any third party, the court may, upon the petition of a party or the third party or by its own authority, by an order, have the third party intervene in the action.

(2)The court, when making an order set forth in the preceding paragraph, must hear opinions in advance from the parties and the third party.

(3)A third party who has filed a petition set forth in paragraph (1) may file an immediate appeal against an order to dismiss the petition without prejudice.

(4)The provisions of Article 40, paragraph (1) through paragraph (3) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to a third party who has intervened in an action pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1).

(5)Where a third party has filed a petition for intervention pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the provisions of Article 45, paragraph (3) and paragraph (4) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis.

Article 23(1)When the court finds it necessary to have an administrative authority other than the one that has made an original administrative disposition or administrative determination intervene in an action, the court may, upon the petition of a party or that other administrative authority or by the court's own authority, by an order, have the administrative authority intervene in the action.

(2)The court, when making an order set forth in the preceding paragraph, must hear opinions in advance from the parties and the administrative authority.

(3)The provisions of Article 45, paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to an administrative authority which has intervened in an action pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1).

Article 23-2(1)The court, when it finds it necessary in order to clarify the matters related to the action, may make the following dispositions:

(2)When an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition is filed after an administrative determination is made in response to a request for administrative review of an original administrative disposition, the court may make the following dispositions:

Article 24The court, when it finds it necessary, may examine evidence by its own authority; provided, however, that the court must hear opinions from the parties with regard to the results of the examination of evidence.

Article 25(1)The filing of an action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition does not preclude the effect of the original administrative disposition, the execution of the original administrative disposition or the continuation of any subsequent procedure.

(2)Where an action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition is filed, if there is an urgent necessity in order to avoid any serious damage that would be caused by the original administrative disposition, the execution of the original administrative disposition or the continuation of any subsequent procedure, the court may, upon petition, by an order, stay the whole or part of the effect of the original administrative disposition, the execution of the original administrative disposition or the continuation of any subsequent procedure (hereinafter referred to as "stay of execution"); provided, however, that the court may not stay the effect of an original administrative disposition if the purpose can be achieved by staying the execution of the original administrative disposition or staying the continuation of any subsequent procedure.

(3)When judging whether or not any serious damage would be caused as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the court is to consider the degree of difficulty in recovering from the damage and to take into consideration the nature and extent of the damage as well as the content and nature of the original administrative disposition.

(4)Stay of execution may not be allowed when it is likely to seriously affect public welfare or when the action on the merits seems groundless.

(5)An order set forth in paragraph (2) is made based on a prima facie showing.

(6)An order set forth in paragraph (2) may be made without oral argument; provided, however, that the court must hear opinions in advance from the parties before making the order.

(7)An immediate appeal may be filed against an order on a petition set forth in paragraph (2).

(8)An immediate appeal against an order set forth in paragraph (2) does not have the effect of staying the execution of the order.

Article 26(1)If, after an order of stay of execution has become final and binding, the reasons for stay of execution have ceased to exist or the circumstances have otherwise changed, the court may, upon the petition of the party subject to stay of execution, by an order, revoke the order of stay of execution.

(2)The provisions of paragraph (5) thorough paragraph (8) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to an order on a petition set forth in the preceding paragraph and any objection against that order.

Article 27(1)Where a petition set forth in Article 25, paragraph (2) is filed, the Prime Minister may make an objection to the petition to the court. An objection may also be made after an order of stay of execution is made.

(2)An objection set forth in the preceding paragraph must be accompanied by the reasons therefor.

(3)As for the reasons for an objection set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Prime Minister is to explain the circumstances where public welfare is likely to be seriously affected unless the effect of the original administrative disposition is maintained, the original administrative disposition is executed or any subsequent procedure is continued.

(4)When an objection set forth in paragraph (1) is made, the court may not order stay of execution, and if the court has already made an order of stay of execution, it must revoke the order.

(5)An objection set forth in the second sentence of paragraph (1) must be made to the court that has made the order of stay of execution; provided, however, that when an appeal against the order is pending before a court in charge of the appeal, that objection must be made to the court in charge of the appeal.

(6)Except where it is unavoidable, the Prime Minister may not make an objection set forth in paragraph (1), and if the Prime Minister has made an objection, the Prime Minister must report it to the Diet at the next ordinary session.

Article 28The court with jurisdiction over a petition for a stay of execution or for the revocation of an order of stay of execution is the court before which the action on the merits is pending.

Article 29The provisions of the preceding four Articles apply mutatis mutandis to the matters concerning stay of execution in cases where an action for the revocation of an administrative determination is filed.

Article 30The court may revoke an original administrative disposition made by an administrative authority at its discretion only in cases where the disposition has been made beyond the bounds of the agency's discretionary power or through an abuse of that power.

Article 31(1)In an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition, the court may dismiss a claim with prejudice on the merits in cases where the original administrative disposition or administrative determination is illegal but the revocation thereof is likely to seriously affect public welfare, if the court, having considered the extent of any possible damage to be suffered by the plaintiff, the extent and method of compensation for or prevention of that damage and all other circumstances concerned, finds that the revocation of the original administrative disposition or administrative determination is not in line with public welfare. In this case, the court must declare the illegality of the original administrative disposition or administrative determination in the main text of the judgment of dismissal.

(2)The court, when it finds it appropriate, may declare the illegality of an original administrative disposition or administrative determination by a judgment before making a final judgment.

(3)The court may cite a judgment set forth in the preceding paragraph when stating the facts and reasons in a final judgment.

Article 32(1)A judgment to revoke an original administrative disposition or administrative determination may also be effective against a third party.

(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to an order of stay of execution or an order to revoke an order of stay of execution.

Article 33(1)A judgment to revoke an original administrative disposition or administrative determination is binding on the administrative authority that has made the original administrative disposition or administrative determination and any other relevant administrative authority with regard to the case.

(2)When a judgment is made to revoke an original administrative disposition that has dismissed an application with or without prejudice or to revoke an administrative determination that has dismissed a request for administrative review with or without prejudice, the administrative authority that has made the original administrative disposition or administrative determination must, according to the purport of the judgment, make another original administrative disposition on the application or another administrative determination on the request for administrative review.

(3)The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis where an original administrative disposition made based on an application or an administrative determination upholding a request for administrative review is revoked by a judgment by reason of an illegal procedural defect.

(4)The provisions of paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to an order of stay of execution.

Article 34(1)Where a third party whose right is prejudiced by a judgment to revoke an original administrative disposition or administrative determination has failed to intervene in the action due to any grounds not attributable to that person and therefore failed to advance any allegation or evidence that should have affected a judgment, that person may file an action for retrial to enter an appeal against a final judgment that has become final and binding on the grounds of that failure.

(2)An action set forth in the preceding paragraph must be filed within 30 days from the day on which the third party became aware of the final and binding judgment.

(3)The period set forth in the preceding paragraph may not be an unextendable period.

(4)No action set forth in paragraph (1) may be filed when a period of one year has elapsed from the day on which the judgment became final and binding.

Article 35A final and binding judicial decision on the burden of court costs in an action wherein an administrative authority affiliated with the State or a public entity stands as a party or intervener is effective against or in the interest of the State or the public entity with which the administrative authority is affiliated.

Article 36An action for the declaration of nullity, etc. of an original administrative disposition or administrative determination may be filed only by a person who is likely to suffer damage from that original administrative disposition or any disposition following that administrative determination or any other person who has legal interest to seek the declaration of nullity, etc. of the original administrative disposition or administrative determination, where the person is unable to achieve the purpose by filing an action concerning the existing legal relationship which is based on the existence or non-existence of or validity or invalidity of the original administrative disposition or administrative determination.

Article 37An action for the declaration of illegality of inaction may be filed only by a person who has filed an application for an original administrative disposition or administrative determination.

Article 37-2(1)In the case set forth in Article 3, paragraph (6), item (i), a mandamus action may be filed only when any serious damage is likely to be caused if a certain original administrative disposition is not made and there are no other appropriate means to avoid that damage.

(2)When judging whether or not any serious damage would be caused as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the court is to consider the degree of difficulty in recovering from the damage and to take into consideration the nature and extent of the damage as well as the content and nature of the original administrative disposition.

(3)A mandamus action set forth in paragraph (1) may be filed only by a person who has legal interest to seek an order to the effect that an administrative authority should make a certain original administrative disposition.

(4)The provisions of Article 9, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis with regard to the judging of whether or not there is legal interest prescribed in the preceding paragraph.

(5)Where a mandamus action satisfies the requirements prescribed in paragraph (1) and paragraph (3), if it is found that the provisions of the laws and regulations which give a basis for an original administrative disposition pertaining to a mandamus action clearly show that the administrative authority should make the original administrative disposition, or it is found that the administrative authority's inaction to make the original administrative disposition goes beyond the bounds of the agency's discretionary power or constitutes an abuse of that power, the court makes a judgment to order that the administrative authority should make the original administrative disposition.

Article 37-3(1)In the case set forth in Article 3, paragraph (6), item (ii), a mandamus action may be filed only when any of the requirements listed in the following items is satisfied:

(2)A mandamus action set forth in the preceding paragraph may be filed only by a person who has filed an application or made a request for administrative review under the laws and regulations prescribed in each item of that paragraph.

(3)A mandamus action set forth in paragraph (1) must be filed by joining with it each of the actions specified in the following items according to the categories of cases listed in the respective items.In this case, if there are special provisions in any other law with regard to the jurisdiction over a suit pertaining to each of the actions specified in those items, those special provisions govern the jurisdiction over the suit pertaining to the mandamus action, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 12 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 38, paragraph (1):

(4)Oral arguments and judicial decisions in a mandamus action and the action specified in each item of the preceding paragraph, which are filed and joined pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph, must not be made separately.

(5)Where a mandamus action satisfies the requirements prescribed in paragraph (1) to paragraph (3), if it is found that the claim pertaining to the action specified in each item of paragraph (3) is well-grounded, and it is also found that the provisions of the laws and regulations which give a basis for an original administrative disposition or administrative determination pertaining to a mandamus action clearly show that the administrative authority should make the original administrative disposition or administrative determination, or it is found that the administrative authority's inaction to make the original administrative disposition or administrative determination goes beyond the bounds of the authority's discretionary power or constitutes an abuse of that power, the court makes a judgment to order that the administrative authority should make the original administrative disposition or administrative determination pertaining to the mandamus action.

(6)Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (4), when the court finds, in consideration of the developments in proceedings and other circumstances, that it will contribute to more expeditious settlement of the dispute to make a final judgment only with regard to the action specified in each item of paragraph (3), the court may make a final judgment only with regard to that action.In this case, when the court has made a final judgment only with regard to that action, it may, until litigation proceedings for that action are completed, suspend litigation proceedings for a mandamus action, hearing opinions from the parties.

(7)A mandamus action set forth in paragraph (1) which seeks an order to the effect that an administrative authority should make a certain administrative determination may be filed only in cases where a request for an administrative review of the original administrative disposition has been made and no action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition or action for the declaration of nullity, etc. of the original administrative disposition may be filed.

Article 37-4(1)An action for an injunctive order may be filed only in cases where any serious damage is likely to be caused if a certain original administrative disposition or administrative determination is made; provided, however, that this does not apply if there are any other appropriate means to avoid that damage.

(2)When judging whether or not any serious damage would be caused as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the court is to consider the degree of difficulty in recovering from the damage and to take into consideration the nature and extent of the damage as well as the content and nature of the original administrative disposition or administrative determination.

(3)An action for an injunctive order may be filed only by a person who has legal interest to seek an order to the effect that an administrative authority should not make a certain original administrative disposition or administrative determination.

(4)The provisions of Article 9, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis with regard to the judging of whether or not there is legal interest prescribed in the preceding paragraph.

(5)Where an action for an injunctive order satisfies the requirements prescribed in paragraph (1) and paragraph (3), if it is found that the provisions of the laws and regulations which give a basis for an original administrative disposition or administrative determination pertaining to an action for an injunctive order clearly show that the administrative authority should not make the original administrative disposition or administrative determination, or it is found that the administrative authority's act to make the original administrative disposition or administrative determination goes beyond the bounds of the authority's discretionary power or constitutes an abuse of that power, the court makes a judgment to order that the administrative authority should not make the original administrative disposition or administrative determination.

Article 37-5(1)Where a mandamus action is filed, if there is an urgent necessity in order to avoid any damage that cannot be compensated, which would be caused due to an original administrative disposition or administrative determination pertaining to the mandamus action not being made, and the action on the merits seems well-grounded, the court may, upon petition, make an order to the effect that an administrative authority should make the original administrative disposition or administrative determination on a provisional basis (hereinafter referred to as a "provisional order of mandamus" in this Article).

(2)Where an action for an injunctive order is filed, if there is an urgent necessity in order to avoid any damage that cannot be compensated, which would be caused due to an original administrative disposition or administrative determination pertaining to the action for injunctive order being made, and the action on the merits seems well-grounded, the court may, upon petition, make an order to the effect that an administrative authority should not make the original administrative disposition or administrative determination on a provisional basis (hereinafter referred to as a "provisional injunctive order" in this Article).

(3)No provisional order of mandamus or provisional injunctive order may be made when that order is likely to seriously affect public welfare.

(4)The provisions of Article 25, paragraph (5) through paragraph (8), Article 26 through Article 28, and Article 33, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to the matters concerning a provisional order of mandamus or provisional injunctive order.

(5)When a provisional order of mandamus is revoked by a judicial decision on an immediate appeal set forth in Article 25, paragraph (7) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph or by an order set forth in Article 26, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph, the administrative authority must revoke the original administrative disposition or administrative determination that it has made based on the provisional order of mandamus.

Article 38(1)The provisions of Article 11 through Article 13, Article 16 through Article 19, Article 21 through Article 23, Article 24, Article 33, and Article 35 apply mutatis mutandis to actions for the judicial review of an administrative disposition which are other than actions for the revocation of an administrative disposition.

(2)The provisions of Article 10, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis where both an action for the declaration of nullity, etc. of an original administrative disposition and an action for the judicial review of an administrative disposition against an administrative determination that has dismissed a request for an administrative review of that original administrative disposition may be filed, and the provisions of Article 20 apply mutatis mutandis where an action for the declaration of nullity, etc. of an original administrative disposition may be filed by joining it with an action for the judicial review of an administrative disposition against an administrative determination that has dismissed a request for an administrative review of that original administrative disposition.

(3)The provisions of Article 23-2, Article 25 through Article 29, and Article 32, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to an action for the declaration of nullity, etc.

(4)The provisions of Article 8 and Article 10, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to an action for the declaration of illegality of inaction.