国際海上物品運送法(昭和三十二年法律第百七十二号)
Act on the International Carriage of Goods by Sea(Act No. 172 of 1957)
最終更新:平成三十年法律第二十九号
Last Version: Act No. 29 of 2018
目次
履歴
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令和4年11月18日
- 最終更新:平成三十年法律第二十九号
- 翻訳日:令和4年2月28日
- 辞書バージョン:14.0
国際海上物品運送法
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Act on the International Carriage of Goods by Sea
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昭和三十二年六月十三日法律第百七十二号
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Act No. 172 of June 13, 1957
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(適用範囲)
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(Scope of Application)
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第一条この法律(第十六条を除く。)の規定は船舶による物品運送で船積港又は陸揚港が本邦外にあるものに、同条の規定は運送人及びその被用者の不法行為による損害賠償の責任に適用する。
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Article 1The provisions of this Act (excluding Article 16) apply to the carriage of goods by ships with a port of loading or port of discharge that is outside Japan, and the provisions of Article 16 apply to the liability of a carrier and its employees to compensate for damage in tort.
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(定義)
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(Definitions)
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第二条この法律において「船舶」とは、商法(明治三十二年法律第四十八号)第六百八十四条に規定する船舶をいう。
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Article 2(1)The term "ship" as used in this Act means a ship provided for in Article 684 of the Commercial Code (Act No. 48 of 1899).
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(運送品に関する注意義務)
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(Duty of Care for Goods)
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第三条運送人は、自己又はその使用する者が運送品の受取、船積、積付、運送、保管、荷揚及び引渡につき注意を怠つたことにより生じた運送品の滅失、損傷又は延着について、損害賠償の責を負う。
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Article 3(1)A carrier is liable for damages for loss of, damage to, or delay in delivery of the goods which resulted from the failure of the carrier or a servant of the carrier to exercise care in receiving, loading, stowing, carrying, storing, discharging, or delivering goods.
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(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply to damage arising from an act performed by a master, crew member, pilot, or other servant of a carrier in navigating or handling a ship, or from a fire on a ship (other than a fire that the carrier intended to occur or a fire occurring due to the carrier's negligence).
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(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a carrier is released from the liability referred to in the preceding Article if it proves that any of the following facts were present or occurred and that the damage arising in connection with the goods is what would normally arise from this;provided, however, that this does not apply if it is proved that the damage could have been avoided if the carrier had exercised the care referred to in the preceding Article, but that it did not do so:
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一海上その他可航水域に特有の危険
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(i)an inherent danger at sea or in other navigable waters;
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二天災
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(ii)a natural disaster;
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三戦争、暴動又は内乱
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(iii)a war, riot, or insurrection;
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四海賊行為その他これに準ずる行為
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(iv)an act of piracy or any other equivalent act;
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五裁判上の差押、検疫上の制限その他公権力による処分
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(v)a judicial seizure, quarantine restrictions, or any other disposition based on public authority;
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六荷送人若しくは運送品の所有者又はその使用する者の行為
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(vi)an act by the shipper, the owner of the goods, or a servant of one of them;
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七同盟罷業、怠業、作業所閉鎖その他の争議行為
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(vii)a strike, lockout, shutdown, or any other such labor dispute action;
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八海上における人命若しくは財産の救助行為又はそのためにする離路若しくはその他の正当な理由に基く離路
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(viii)an act of rescue at sea involving human life or property, a deviation from course for that purpose, or a deviation from course based on any other such justifiable grounds;
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九運送品の特殊な性質又は隠れた欠陥
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(ix)a special characteristic of or hidden defect in the goods;
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十運送品の荷造又は記号の表示の不完全
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(x)a deficiency in the goods' packaging or in the presentation of the goods' marks; and
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十一起重機その他これに準ずる施設の隠れた欠陥
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(xi)hidden defects in a crane or any other equivalent equipment.
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(3)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude the application of Article 760 of the Commercial Code.
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(航海に堪える能力に関する注意義務)
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(Duty of Care for Seaworthiness)
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第五条運送人は、発航の当時次に掲げる事項を欠いたことにより生じた運送品の滅失、損傷又は延着について、損害賠償の責任を負う。ただし、運送人が自己及びその使用する者がその当時当該事項について注意を怠らなかつたことを証明したときは、この限りでない。
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Article 5A carrier is liable for damages for loss of, damage to, or delay in delivery of the goods arising from the following things being insufficient at the time of the ship's departure;provided, however, that this does not apply if the carrier proves that it and its servant did not fail to exercise care with regard to those things at that time:
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一船舶を航海に堪える状態に置くこと。
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(i)making the ship seaworthy;
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二船員の乗組み、船舶の艤装及び需品の補給を適切に行うこと。
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(ii)properly manning, equipping, and supplying the ship; and
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三船倉、冷蔵室その他運送品を積み込む場所を運送品の受入れ、運送及び保存に適する状態に置くこと。
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(iii)making the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe to receive, carry, and preserve the goods.
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(危険物の処分)
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(Handling of Dangerous Goods)
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第六条引火性、爆発性その他の危険性を有する運送品で、船積みの際運送人、船長及び運送人の代理人がその性質を知らなかつたものは、いつでも、陸揚げし、破壊し、又は無害にすることができる。
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Article 6(1)Goods that have flammable, explosive, or other such dangerous properties of which the carrier, master, and carrier's agents were unaware at the time of loading may be discharged, destroyed, or rendered innocuous at any time.
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(荷受人等の通知義務)
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(Consignee's Obligation to Notify)
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第七条荷受人又は船荷証券所持人は、運送品の一部滅失又は損傷があつたときは、受取の際運送人に対しその滅失又は損傷の概況につき書面による通知を発しなければならない。ただし、その滅失又は損傷が直ちに発見することができないものであるときは、受取の日から三日以内にその通知を発すれば足りる。
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Article 7(1)If goods are partially lost or damaged, the consignee or the holder of the bill of lading must issue a written notice to the carrier concerning the general nature of the loss or damage at the time of receipt;provided, however, that if the loss or damage is something that it is not possible to immediately discover, it is sufficient for the consignee or holder to issue that notice within three days from the date of receipt.
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(損害賠償の額)
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(Amount of Compensation for Loss or Damage)
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第八条運送品に関する損害賠償の額は、荷揚げされるべき地及び時における運送品の市場価格(取引所の相場がある物品については、その相場)によつて定める。ただし、市場価格がないときは、その地及び時における同種類で同一の品質の物品の正常な価格によつて定める。
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Article 8(1)The amount of damages in connection with goods is determined by the market price of the goods (or by the quotations for them on an exchange, if applicable) at the place and time at which the goods should be discharged;provided, however, that if there is no market price, the amount of compensation is determined by the normal price of goods of the same kind and quality at that place and time.
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(2)The provisions of Article 576, paragraph (2) of the Commercial Code apply mutatis mutandis to the case referred to in the preceding paragraph.
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(責任の限度)
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(Liability Limits)
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第九条運送品に関する運送人の責任は、次に掲げる金額のうちいずれか多い金額を限度とする。
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Article 9(1)A carrier's liability for goods is limited to the larger of the following amounts:
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一滅失、損傷又は延着に係る運送品の包又は単位の数に一計算単位の六百六十六・六七倍を乗じて得た金額
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(i)the amount arrived at when the number of packages or units of goods that have been lost or damaged or that have arrived late is multiplied by 666.67 units of account; or
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二前号の運送品の総重量について一キログラムにつき一計算単位の二倍を乗じて得た金額
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(ii)the amount arrived at when the gross weight of the goods referred to in the preceding item is multiplied by two units of account, per kilogram.
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(3)To apply the provisions of paragraph (1) when goods are carried using a container, pallet, or similar article of transport (hereinafter referred to as "article of transport" in this paragraph), the number of articles of transport is deemed to be the number of packages or units of the goods, unless the number of packages or units of the goods or the volume or weight of the goods is enumerated in a bill of lading or sea waybill.
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(4)If, pursuant to the provisions of Article 16, paragraph (3), a carrier's employee's liability arising in connection with the goods is reduced to the extent that the carrier's liability is reduced pursuant to the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (1) of that Article, and the carrier's employee has paid compensation for the damage, the carrier's liability arising in connection with the goods under the preceding three paragraphs is further reduced by up to the amount of money that the carrier's employee has paid as compensation.
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(7)In the case referred to in paragraph (5), if the shipper intentionally notifies the carrier of a value that is significantly lower than the real value of the goods, the value of which the shipper has notified the carrier is deemed to be the value of the goods as it concerns damage arising in connection with the goods.
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(損害賠償の額及び責任の限度の特例)
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(Special Provisions on the Amount of Compensation and Liability Limits)
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第十条運送人は、運送品に関する損害が、自己の故意により、又は損害の発生のおそれがあることを認識しながらした自己の無謀な行為により生じたものであるときは、第八条及び前条第一項から第四項までの規定にかかわらず、一切の損害を賠償する責任を負う。
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Article 10Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 8 and paragraphs (1) through (4) of the preceding Article, if the damage arising in connection with the goods is something that the carrier caused intentionally or if it is due to a reckless act that the carrier took with the knowledge that damage could result, the carrier is liable to provide compensation for all damage.
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(特約禁止)
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(Prohibition of Special Agreements)
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第十一条第三条から第五条まで若しくは第七条から前条まで又は商法第五百八十五条、第七百五十九条若しくは第七百六十条の規定に反する特約で、荷送人、荷受人又は船荷証券所持人に不利益なものは、無効とする。運送品の保険契約によつて生ずる権利を運送人に譲渡する契約その他これに類似する契約も、同様とする。
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Article 11(1)Any special agreement that is incompatible with the provisions of Articles 3 through 5 or Article 7 through the preceding Article of this Act or the provisions of Article 585, 759, or 760 of the Commercial Code, and disadvantageous to a shipper, consignee, or the holder of a bill of lading is void. The same applies to a contract that transfers rights arising under an insurance policy for goods to a carrier, or any similar contract.
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(特約禁止の特例)
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(Special Provisions on the Prohibition of Special Agreements)
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第十二条前条第一項の規定は、船舶の全部又は一部を運送契約の目的とする場合には、適用しない。ただし、運送人と船荷証券所持人との関係については、この限りでない。
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Article 12The provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article do not apply if all or part of a ship is the subject matter of a contract of carriage;provided, however, that this does not apply as it concerns the relationship between a carrier and the holder of a bill of lading.
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Article 13The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to carriage of goods in connection with which it is found to be appropriate to release the carrier from liability for the goods or to reduce the carrier's liability for the goods, due to the special nature or condition of the goods or the special circumstances under which the goods are carried.
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(2)If a special agreement referred to in Article 11, paragraph (1) has been made with regard to the carriage referred to in the preceding paragraph but that agreement does not appear on the bill of lading, the carrier may not assert that agreement against the holder of the bill of lading. The same applies to carriage of goods loaded on the deck if this does not appear on the bill of lading.
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(商法の適用)
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(Application of the Commercial Code)
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第十五条第一条の運送には、商法第五百七十五条、第五百七十六条、第五百八十四条、第五百八十七条、第五百八十八条、第七百三十九条第一項(同法第七百五十六条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)及び第二項、第七百五十六条第二項並びに第七百六十九条の規定を除き、同法第二編第八章第二節及び第三編第三章の規定を適用する。
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Article 15Except for the provisions of Article 575 of the Commercial Code and of Article 576, Article 584, Article 587, Article 588, Article 739, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 756, paragraph (1) of that Code) and paragraph (2), Article 756, paragraph (2), and Article 769 of that Code, the provisions of Part II, Chapter VIII, Section 2, and Part III, Chapter III of the Commercial Code apply to the carriage of goods referred to in Article 1.
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(運送人等の不法行為責任)
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(Tort Liability of Carriers)
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Article 16(1)The provisions of Article 3, paragraph (2), Article 6, paragraph (4), and Articles 8 through 10 of this Act and Articles 577 and 585 of the Commercial Code apply mutatis mutandis to the liability of a carrier toward a shipper, consignee, or the holder of a bill of lading to compensate for damage in tort arising in connection with goods. In such a case, the term "the preceding paragraph" in Article 3, paragraph (2) is deemed to be replaced with "the main clause of Article 715, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896) and Article 690 of the Commercial Code (including cases in which the ship lessee is deemed to have the same rights and obligations as the shipowner pursuant to the provisions of Article 703, paragraph (1) of the Commercial Code)".
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(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply to the liability of a carrier toward a consignee if the carrier undertakes carriage of goods from a shipper, notwithstanding that the consignee has previously refused to allow the goods to be carried based on the shipper's entrustment to another person.
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(3)If a carrier is granted release from or reduction of liability arising in connection with goods pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the carrier's employee is also granted release from or reduction of the liability that employee has to the shipper, consignee, or holder of the bill of lading to compensate for damage in tort arising in connection with the goods, to the extent of the release from or reduction of the carrier's liability.
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(4)If the carrier's liability arising in connection with goods is reduced pursuant to Article 9, paragraphs (1) through (3) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (1) of this Article), the provisions of Article 9, paragraph (4) apply mutatis mutandis to the liability of a carrier's employee that arises in connection with goods when the carrier has provided compensation for the damage.
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(郵便物の運送)
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(Carriage of Postal Items)
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第十七条この法律は、郵便物の運送には、適用しない。
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Article 17This Act does not apply to carriage of postal items.
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附 則
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Supplementary Provisions
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(効力を生ずる日=昭和三三年一月一日)
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(Effective date: January 1, 1958)
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2この法律は、この法律の施行前に締結された運送契約には、適用しない。
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(2)This Act does not apply to a contract of carriage concluded before this Act comes into effect.
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附 則〔昭和五十年十二月二十七日法律第九十四号〕〔抄〕
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Supplementary Provisions[Act No. 94 of December 27, 1975 Extract][Extract]
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(施行期日等)
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(Effective date)
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1この法律は、海上航行船舶の所有者の責任の制限に関する国際条約が日本国について効力を生ずる日から施行する。
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(1)This Act comes into effect on the date on which the International Convention relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-going Ships takes effect in Japan.
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(効力を生ずる日=昭和五一年九月一日)
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(Effective date: September 1, 1976)
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2この法律は、この法律の施行前に発生した事故により生じた損害に基づく債権については適用せず、この法律の施行前に生じた債権及びこの法律の施行前に発生した事故によりこの法律の施行後に生じた損害に基づく債権については、なお従前の例による。
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(2)This Act does not apply to claims based on the damage arising from an accident that has occurred before this Act comes into effect, and prior laws continue to govern claims arising before this Act comes into effect and claims based on damage that arises after this Act comes into effect from an accident that has occurred before this Act comes into effect.
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附 則〔平成四年六月三日法律第六十九号〕
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Supplementary Provisions[Act No. 69 of June 3, 1992]
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(効力を生ずる日=平成五年六月一日)
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(Effective date: June 1, 1993)
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2この法律の施行前に締結された運送契約並びにその契約に係る運送品に関する運送人及びその使用する者の不法行為による損害賠償の責任に関しては、なお従前の例による。
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(2)Prior laws continue to govern contracts of carriage concluded before this Act comes into effect and the liability of carriers and their servants to compensate for damage in tort arising in connection with goods under those contracts of carriage.
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附 則〔平成三十年五月二十五日法律第二十九号〕〔抄〕
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Supplementary Provisions[Act No. 29 of May 25, 2018 Extract][Extract]
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(施行期日)
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(Effective date)
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第一条この法律は、公布の日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行する。ただし、附則第五十条及び第五十二条の規定は、公布の日から施行する。
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Article 1This Act comes into effect on the day specified by Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding one year from the date of promulgation;provided, however, that the provisions of Articles 50 and 52 of the Supplementary Provisions come into effect on the date of promulgation.
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(船舶先取特権に関する経過措置)
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(Transitional Measures Concerning Statutory Liens on Ships)
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第十六条施行日前に船舶(製造中の船舶を含む。)、その属具及び受領していない運送賃に関し国税徴収法(昭和三十四年法律第百四十七号)第二条第十二号に規定する強制換価手続、再生手続、更生手続又は特別清算手続が開始された場合における旧商法第八百四十二条の先取特権又は第二条の規定による改正前の国際海上物品運送法第十九条第一項の先取特権の効力及び順位については、なお従前の例による。
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Article 16Prior laws continue to govern the effects and order of priority of the statutory liens referred to in Article 842 of the former Commercial Code or the statutory liens referred to in Article 19, paragraph (1) of the Act on International Carriage of Goods by Sea prior to amendment by Article 2 in cases in which the compulsory realization procedure prescribed in Article 2, item (xii) of the National Tax Collection Act (Act No. 147 of 1959), rehabilitation proceedings, reorganization proceedings, or special liquidation proceedings commence before the effective date with regard to ships (including ships under construction) and their equipment, and freight charges yet to be received.
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(政令への委任)
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(Delegation to Cabinet Order)
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第五十二条この附則に規定するもののほか、この法律の施行に関し必要な経過措置は、政令で定める。
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Article 52Beyond what is provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, Cabinet Order prescribes necessary transitional measures relevant to this Act's entry into force.
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