商法(明治三十二年法律第四十八号)
Commercial Code(Act No. 48 of 1899)
最終更新:平成三十年法律第二十九号
Last Version: Act No. 29 of 2018
目次
履歴
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令和5年4月17日
- 最終更新:平成三十年法律第二十九号
- 翻訳日:令和4年2月28日
- 辞書バージョン:14.0
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平成28年10月14日
- 最終更新:
- 翻訳日:平成27年3月4日
- 辞書バージョン:9.0
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平成25年10月22日
- 最終更新:平成二十年法律第五十七号
- 翻訳日:平成21年9月8日
- 辞書バージョン:3.0
商法
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Commercial Code
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明治三十二年三月九日法律第四十八号
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Act No. 48 of March 9, 1899
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第一編 総則
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Part I General Provisions
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第一章 通則(第一条―第三条)
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Chapter I General Rules(Article 1 to Article 3)
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第二章 商人(第四条―第七条)
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Chapter II Merchants(Article 4 to Article 7)
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第三章 商業登記(第八条―第十条)
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Chapter III Commercial Registration(Article 8 to Article 10)
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第四章 商号(第十一条―第十八条の二)
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Chapter IV Trade Names(Article 11 to Article 18-2)
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第五章 商業帳簿(第十九条)
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Chapter V Commercial Books(Article 19)
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第六章 商業使用人(第二十条―第二十六条)
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Chapter VI Mercantile Employees(Article 20 to Article 26)
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第七章 代理商(第二十七条―第五百条)
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Chapter VII Commercial Agents(Article 27 to Article 500)
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第二編 商行為
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Part II Commercial Transactions
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第一章 総則(第五百一条―第五百二十三条)
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Chapter I General Provisions(Article 501 to Article 523)
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第二章 売買(第五百二十四条―第五百二十八条)
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Chapter II Sales Transactions(Article 524 to Article 528)
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第三章 交互計算(第五百二十九条―第五百三十四条)
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Chapter III Open Accounts(Article 529 to Article 534)
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第四章 匿名組合(第五百三十五条―第五百四十二条)
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Chapter IV Silent Partnerships(Article 535 to Article 542)
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第五章 仲立営業(第五百四十三条―第五百五十条)
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Chapter V Brokerage Business(Article 543 to Article 550)
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第六章 問屋営業(第五百五十一条―第五百五十八条)
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Chapter VI Business of Commission Merchants(Article 551 to Article 558)
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第七章 運送取扱営業(第五百五十九条―第五百六十八条)
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Chapter VII Freight Forwarding Business(Article 559 to Article 568)
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第八章 運送営業
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Chapter VIII Transportation Business
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第一節 総則(第五百六十九条)
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Section 1 General Provisions(Article 569)
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第二節 物品運送(第五百七十条―第五百八十八条)
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Section 2 Freight Transportation(Article 570 to Article 588)
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第三節 旅客運送(第五百八十九条―第五百九十四条)
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Section 3 Passenger Transportation(Article 589 to Article 594)
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第九章 寄託
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Chapter IX Bailment
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第一節 総則(第五百九十五条―第五百九十八条)
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Section 1 General Provisions(Article 595 to Article 598)
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第二節 倉庫営業(第五百九十九条―第六百八十三条)
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Section 2 Warehouse Business(Article 599 to Article 683)
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第三編 海商
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Part III Maritime Commerce
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第一章 船舶
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Chapter I Ships
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第一節 総則(第六百八十四条・第六百八十五条)
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Section 1 General Provisions(Articles 684 and 685)
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第二節 船舶の所有
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Section 2 Ownership of Ships
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第一款 総則(第六百八十六条―第六百九十一条)
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Subsection 1 General Provisions(Articles 686 to 691)
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第二款 船舶の共有(第六百九十二条―第七百条)
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Subsection 2 Co-ownership of Ships(Articles 692 to 700)
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第三節 船舶賃貸借(第七百一条―第七百三条)
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Section 3 Ship Leasing(Articles 701 to 703)
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第四節 定期傭船(第七百四条―第七百七条)
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Section 4 Time Charter(Articles 704 to 707)
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第二章 船長(第七百八条―第七百三十六条)
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Chapter II Ships' Master(Article 708 to Article 736)
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第三章 海上物品運送に関する特則
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Chapter III Special Provisions on Marine Transportation of Goods
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第一節 個品運送(第七百三十七条―第七百四十七条)
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Section 1 Carriage of Goods In General Ship(Articles 737 to 747)
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第二節 航海傭船(第七百四十八条―第七百五十六条)
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Section 2 Voyage Charter(Article 748 to Article 756)
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第三節 船荷証券等(第七百五十七条―第七百六十九条)
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Section 3 Bills of Lading(Article 757 to Article 769)
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第四節 海上運送状(第七百七十条―第七百八十七条)
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Section 4 Sea Waybills(Article 770 to Article 787)
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第四章 船舶の衝突(第七百八十八条―第七百九十一条)
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Chapter IV Collision of Ships(Article 788 to Article 791)
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第五章 海難救助(第七百九十二条―第八百七条)
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Chapter V Marine Salvage(Article 792 to Article 807)
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第六章 共同海損(第八百八条―第八百十四条)
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Chapter VI General Average(Articles 808 to 814)
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第七章 海上保険(第八百十五条―第八百四十一条)
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Chapter VII Marine Insurance(Article 815 to Article 841)
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第八章 船舶先取特権及び船舶抵当権(第八百四十二条―第八百五十条)
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Chapter VIII Statutory Liens on Ships and Mortgages on Ships(Article 842 to Article 850)
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第一編 総則
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Part I General Provisions
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第一章 通則
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Chapter I General Rules
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(趣旨等)
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(Purpose)
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第一条商人の営業、商行為その他商事については、他の法律に特別の定めがあるものを除くほか、この法律の定めるところによる。
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Article 1(1)The business of merchants, commercial transactions, and other commercial matters are governed by the provisions of this Code, except as otherwise provided by other laws.
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(2)A commercial matter not provided for in this Code is governed by commercial custom, and if there is no commercial custom, it is governed by the provisions of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896).
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(公法人の商行為)
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(Commercial Transactions by Public Corporations)
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第二条公法人が行う商行為については、法令に別段の定めがある場合を除き、この法律の定めるところによる。
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Article 2Commercial transactions conducted by public corporations are governed by the provisions of this Code, except as otherwise provided for by laws and regulations.
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(一方的商行為)
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(Transactions Constituting Commercial Transactions for One Party)
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第三条当事者の一方のために商行為となる行為については、この法律をその双方に適用する。
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Article 3(1)If an act constitutes a commercial transaction for one of the parties, this Code applies to both parties.
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第二章 商人
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Chapter II Merchants
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(定義)
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(Definitions)
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第四条この法律において「商人」とは、自己の名をもって商行為をすることを業とする者をいう。
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Article 4(1)The term "merchant" as used in this Code means a person in the business of conducting commercial transactions in its own name.
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(未成年者登記)
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(Commercial Registration of Minors)
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第五条未成年者が前条の営業を行うときは、その登記をしなければならない。
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Article 5If a minor carries out a business referred to in the preceding Article, this must be registered.
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(後見人登記)
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(Commercial Registration of Guardians)
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第六条後見人が被後見人のために第四条の営業を行うときは、その登記をしなければならない。
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Article 6(1)If a guardian carries out a business referred to in Article 4 on behalf of a ward, this must be registered.
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(小商人)
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(Small-Scale Merchants)
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第七条第五条、前条、次章、第十一条第二項、第十五条第二項、第十七条第二項前段、第五章及び第二十二条の規定は、小商人(商人のうち、法務省令で定めるその営業のために使用する財産の価額が法務省令で定める金額を超えないものをいう。)については、適用しない。
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Article 7The provisions of Article 5, the preceding Article, the following Chapter, Article 11, paragraph (2), Article 15, paragraph (2), the first sentence of Article 17, paragraph (2), Chapter V, and Article 22 do not apply to a small-scale merchant (meaning a merchant with an asset value as provided by the Ministry of Justice Order that does not exceed the amount prescribed by the Ministry of Justice Order, for assets that the merchant uses for its business).
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第三章 商業登記
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Chapter III Commercial Registration
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(通則)
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(General Rules)
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第八条この編の規定により登記すべき事項は、当事者の申請により、商業登記法(昭和三十八年法律第百二十五号)の定めるところに従い、商業登記簿にこれを登記する。
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Article 8The information that must be registered pursuant to the provisions of this Part is registered in the commercial register at the application of the party concerned, pursuant to the provisions of the Commercial Registration Act (Act No. 125 of 1963).
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(登記の効力)
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(Effect of Registration)
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第九条この編の規定により登記すべき事項は、登記の後でなければ、これをもって善意の第三者に対抗することができない。登記の後であっても、第三者が正当な事由によってその登記があることを知らなかったときは、同様とする。
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Article 9(1)Information that must be registered pursuant to the provisions of this Part may not be asserted against a third party in good faith until after the registration. The same applies after the registration if a third party had a legitimate reason for not knowing that the information was registered.
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(変更の登記及び消滅の登記)
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(Registration of Changes and Lapses)
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第十条この編の規定により登記した事項に変更が生じ、又はその事項が消滅したときは、当事者は、遅滞なく、変更の登記又は消滅の登記をしなければならない。
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Article 10If information registered pursuant to the provisions of this Part changes or ceases to be applicable, the relevant party must register the change or lapse without delay.
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第四章 商号
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Chapter IV Trade Names
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(商号の選定)
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(Selection of Trade Name)
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第十一条商人(会社及び外国会社を除く。以下この編において同じ。)は、その氏、氏名その他の名称をもってその商号とすることができる。
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Article 11(1)A merchant (other than a company or foreign company; hereinafter the same applies in this Part) may use the merchant's surname, full name, or any other name as a trade name.
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(他の商人と誤認させる名称等の使用の禁止)
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(Prohibition on Use of Names Causing Misconception That Merchant Is Another Merchant)
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第十二条何人も、不正の目的をもって、他の商人であると誤認されるおそれのある名称又は商号を使用してはならない。
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Article 12(1)It is prohibited for any person to use, with a wrongful purpose, a name or trade name that could give rise to the misconception that the person is another merchant.
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(2)A merchant whose business interests have been or are likely to be infringed upon by the use of a name or trade name that violates the provisions of the preceding paragraph may demand that the person infringing or likely to infringe upon those business interests discontinue or refrain from the infringement.
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(過料)
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(Civil Fines)
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第十三条前条第一項の規定に違反した者は、百万円以下の過料に処する。
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Article 13A person violating the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is subject to a civil fine of not more than one million yen.
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(自己の商号の使用を他人に許諾した商人の責任)
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(Liability of Merchant Permitting Others to Use Its Trade Name)
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第十四条自己の商号を使用して営業又は事業を行うことを他人に許諾した商人は、当該商人が当該営業を行うものと誤認して当該他人と取引をした者に対し、当該他人と連帯して、当該取引によって生じた債務を弁済する責任を負う。
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Article 14A merchant that permits another person to carry on a business or engage in operations using the merchant's trade name is jointly and severally liable, together with that other person, to a party that has dealings with the other person based on the misconception that the merchant is the one carrying on the business, for performance of the obligations arising from those dealings.
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(商号の譲渡)
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(Transfer of Trade Names)
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第十五条商人の商号は、営業とともにする場合又は営業を廃止する場合に限り、譲渡することができる。
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Article 15(1)A merchant may transfer its trade name, but only if it transfers this together with its business or if it discontinues its business.
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(営業譲渡人の競業の禁止)
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(Non-Competition by Transferor of Business)
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第十六条営業を譲渡した商人(以下この章において「譲渡人」という。)は、当事者の別段の意思表示がない限り、同一の市町村(特別区を含むものとし、地方自治法(昭和二十二年法律第六十七号)第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市にあっては、区又は総合区。以下同じ。)の区域内及びこれに隣接する市町村の区域内においては、その営業を譲渡した日から二十年間は、同一の営業を行ってはならない。
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Article 16(1)Unless the parties manifest a different intention, a merchant that transfers business (hereinafter referred to as the "transferor" in this Chapter) must not engage in the same line of business within the limits of the same city, town, or village (including within the limits of the same special ward; or within the limits of the same ward or administratively consolidated ward, as it concerns designated cities referred to in Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947); the same applies hereinafter), or within the limits of a neighboring city, town, or village, for 20 years after the day of the business transfer.
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(譲渡人の商号を使用した譲受人の責任等)
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(Liability of Transferee Using Transferor's Trade Name)
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第十七条営業を譲り受けた商人(以下この章において「譲受人」という。)が譲渡人の商号を引き続き使用する場合には、その譲受人も、譲渡人の営業によって生じた債務を弁済する責任を負う。
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Article 17(1)If a merchant to which business is transferred (hereinafter referred to as the "transferee" in this Chapter) continues to use the trade name of the transferor, the transferee is also liable for performance of obligations arising from the business of the transferor.
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(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if, without delay after the business transfer, the transferee makes a registration indicating that the transferee is not liable for performance of the transferor's obligations. If the transferee and transferor notify third parties of this without delay after the business transfer, the same applies with respect to a third party that has been so notified.
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(3)If the transferee is liable for performance of the transferor's obligations pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the transferor's liability to an obligee that fails to demand performance or give advance notice of its claim within the two years after the business transfer date is extinguished once those two years have passed.
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(譲受人による債務の引受け)
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(Assumption of Obligations by Transferee)
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第十八条譲受人が譲渡人の商号を引き続き使用しない場合においても、譲渡人の営業によって生じた債務を引き受ける旨の広告をしたときは、譲渡人の債権者は、その譲受人に対して弁済の請求をすることができる。
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Article 18(1)Even if a transferee does not continue to use the trade name of the transferor, if the transferee advertises that it will assume the obligations arising from the business of the transferor, the obligees of the transferor may demand that the transferee perform those obligations.
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(2)If the transferee is liable for performance of the transferor's obligations pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the transferor's liability to an obligee that fails to demand performance of the obligations or give advance notice of its claim within the two years after the day that the transferor advertises as referred to in that paragraph is extinguished once those two years have passed.
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(詐害営業譲渡に係る譲受人に対する債務の履行の請求)
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(Demand for Transferee Involved in Fraudulent Business Transfer to Perform Obligations)
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第十八条の二譲渡人が譲受人に承継されない債務の債権者(以下この条において「残存債権者」という。)を害することを知って営業を譲渡した場合には、残存債権者は、その譲受人に対して、承継した財産の価額を限度として、当該債務の履行を請求することができる。ただし、その譲受人が営業の譲渡の効力が生じた時において残存債権者を害することを知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
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Article 18-2(1)If a transferor transfers business knowing that this will harm the obligee of an obligation not assumed by the transferee (hereinafter referred to as a "person that remains the obligee" of the transferor in this Article), the person that remains the obligee of the transferor may demand that the transferee perform that obligation, up to the value of the assets to which the transferee has succeeded;provided, however, that this does not apply if the transferee, at the time the business transfer becomes effective, is unaware that the transfer will harm the persons that remain the obligees of the transferor.
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(2)If a transferee is liable to perform the obligations referred to in the preceding paragraph pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph, its liability towards a person that remains the obligee of the transferor but that fails to demand performance of the obligation or give advance notice of its claim within the two years after the day on which it learns that the transferor has transferred the business with the knowledge that it harms the persons that remain its obligees is extinguished once those two years have passed. The same applies once ten years have passed since the day on which the business transfer becomes effective.
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第五章 商業帳簿
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Chapter V Commercial Books
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第六章 商業使用人
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Chapter VI Mercantile Employees
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(支配人)
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(Managers)
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第二十条商人は、支配人を選任し、その営業所において、その営業を行わせることができる。
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Article 20A merchant may appoint a manager and have that manager carry out its business at its place of business.
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(支配人の代理権)
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(Manager's Authority to Act as Agent)
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第二十一条支配人は、商人に代わってその営業に関する一切の裁判上又は裁判外の行為をする権限を有する。
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Article 21(1)A manager has the authority to engage in all acts in and out of court on behalf of the merchant in connection with the merchant's business.
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(支配人の登記)
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(Registration of Managers)
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第二十二条商人が支配人を選任したときは、その登記をしなければならない。支配人の代理権の消滅についても、同様とする。
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Article 22If a merchant appoints a manager, this must be registered. The same applies if a manager ceases to have the authority to act as the merchant's agent.
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(支配人の競業の禁止)
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(Non-Competition by Managers)
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第二十三条支配人は、商人の許可を受けなければ、次に掲げる行為をしてはならない。
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Article 23(1)A manager must not engage in any of the following conduct without the permission of the merchant:
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一自ら営業を行うこと。
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(i)carrying on an independent business;
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二自己又は第三者のためにその商人の営業の部類に属する取引をすること。
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(ii)conducting a transaction that is in the merchant's line of business for the benefit of the manager or a third party;
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三他の商人又は会社若しくは外国会社の使用人となること。
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(iii)becoming the employee of another merchant or of a company or foreign company;
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四会社の取締役、執行役又は業務を執行する社員となること。
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(iv)becoming the director, executive officer, or executive managing member of a company.
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(2)If a manager has engaged in the conduct set forth in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph in violation of the provisions of that paragraph, the amount of profit that the manager or third party has earned as a result of the conduct is presumed to be the amount of damage that the merchant has incurred.
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(表見支配人)
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(Apparent Manager)
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第二十四条商人の営業所の営業の主任者であることを示す名称を付した使用人は、当該営業所の営業に関し、一切の裁判外の行為をする権限を有するものとみなす。ただし、相手方が悪意であったときは、この限りでない。
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Article 24An employee with a title indicating that employee to be responsible for operations at a merchant's place of business is deemed to have the authority to engage in all acts out of court in connection with the operations of that place of business;provided, however, that this does not apply if the other party knows this not to be the case.
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(ある種類又は特定の事項の委任を受けた使用人)
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(Employees Delegated with Performing Functions of a Certain Type or with Performing Specific Functions)
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第二十五条商人の営業に関するある種類又は特定の事項の委任を受けた使用人は、当該事項に関する一切の裁判外の行為をする権限を有する。
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Article 25(1)An employee that is delegated with performing functions of a certain type, or with performing specific functions, that are connected with the merchant's business has the authority to engage in all acts out of court in connection with those functions.
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(物品の販売等を目的とする店舗の使用人)
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(Employees of Stores at Which It Is Intended That Goods Will Be Sold)
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第二十六条物品の販売等(販売、賃貸その他これらに類する行為をいう。以下この条において同じ。)を目的とする店舗の使用人は、その店舗に在る物品の販売等をする権限を有するものとみなす。ただし、相手方が悪意であったときは、この限りでない。
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Article 26The employee of a store at which it is intended that goods will be sold or otherwise transferred (meaning sold, rented out, or subject to any other similar action; hereinafter the same applies in this Article) is deemed to have the authority to sell or otherwise transfer the goods located in the store;provided, however, that this does not apply if the other party knows this not to be the case.
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第七章 代理商
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Chapter VII Commercial Agents
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(通知義務)
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(Duty of Notice)
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第二十七条代理商(商人のためにその平常の営業の部類に属する取引の代理又は媒介をする者で、その商人の使用人でないものをいう。以下この章において同じ。)は、取引の代理又は媒介をしたときは、遅滞なく、商人に対して、その旨の通知を発しなければならない。
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Article 27Having acted as agent or intermediary in a transaction, a commercial agent (meaning a person that is not the employee of a merchant but that acts on behalf of the merchant as the agent or intermediary in a transaction that is in the merchant's ordinary line of business; hereinafter the same applies in this Chapter) must issue notice of this to the merchant without delay.
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(代理商の競業の禁止)
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(Non-Competition by Commercial Agents)
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第二十八条代理商は、商人の許可を受けなければ、次に掲げる行為をしてはならない。
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Article 28(1)A commercial agent must not engage in any of the following conduct without the permission of the merchant:
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一自己又は第三者のためにその商人の営業の部類に属する取引をすること。
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(i)conducting a transaction that is in the merchant's line of business for the benefit of the agent or a third party;
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二その商人の営業と同種の事業を行う会社の取締役、執行役又は業務を執行する社員となること。
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(ii)becoming the director, executive officer, or executive managing member of a company that carries on the same kind of business as the merchant.
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(2)If a commercial agent has engaged in the conduct set forth in item (i) of the preceding paragraph in violation of the provisions of that paragraph, the amount of profit that the agent or third party has earned as a result of the conduct is presumed to be the amount of damage that the merchant has incurred.
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(通知を受ける権限)
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(Authority to Receive Notice)
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第二十九条物品の販売又はその媒介の委託を受けた代理商は、第五百二十六条第二項の通知その他売買に関する通知を受ける権限を有する。
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Article 29A commercial agent entrusted with the sale of goods or the role of intermediary for their sale has the authority to receive a notice as referred to in Article 526, paragraph (2) or any other notice regarding the sale.
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(契約の解除)
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(Contract Termination)
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第三十条商人及び代理商は、契約の期間を定めなかったときは、二箇月前までに予告し、その契約を解除することができる。
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Article 30(1)If a merchant and a commercial agent do not fix the term of a contract, either may terminate that contract with two months' advance notice.
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(代理商の留置権)
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(Commercial Agent's Right of Retention)
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第三十一条代理商は、取引の代理又は媒介をしたことによって生じた債権の弁済期が到来しているときは、その弁済を受けるまでは、商人のために当該代理商が占有する物又は有価証券を留置することができる。ただし、当事者が別段の意思表示をしたときは、この限りでない。
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Article 31If performance is due on a claim arising from a commercial agent's actions as an agent or intermediary in a transaction, the agent may retain property or negotiable instruments of value that the agent is holding for the merchant until the claim is satisfied;provided, however, that this does not apply if the parties have manifested a different intention.
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第二編 商行為
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Part II Commercial Transactions
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第一章 総則
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Chapter I General Provisions
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(絶対的商行為)
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(Transactions Absolutely Regarded as Commercial Transactions Due to Their Nature)
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第五百一条次に掲げる行為は、商行為とする。
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Article 501The following actions are commercial transactions:
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一利益を得て譲渡する意思をもってする動産、不動産若しくは有価証券の有償取得又はその取得したものの譲渡を目的とする行為
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(i)an action through which a person seeks to acquire for value a movable, real property, or a negotiable instrument of value from whose transfer the person wishes to profit, or an action through which a person seeks to transfer an object so acquired;
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二他人から取得する動産又は有価証券の供給契約及びその履行のためにする有償取得を目的とする行為
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(ii)an action through which a person seeks to make an acquisition for value in order to form and perform on a contract to supply a movable or negotiable instrument of value acquired from another person;
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三取引所においてする取引
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(iii)a transaction conducted on an exchange;
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四手形その他の商業証券に関する行為
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(iv)an action involving a bill, note, or other commercial instrument.
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(営業的商行為)
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(Transactions Regarded as Commercial Transactions If Conducted as Business)
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第五百二条次に掲げる行為は、営業としてするときは、商行為とする。ただし、専ら賃金を得る目的で物を製造し、又は労務に従事する者の行為は、この限りでない。
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Article 502The following actions are commercial transactions only if they are taken as a part of business;provided, however, that this does not apply if the action is taken by a person that manufactures a product or engages in labor for the sole purpose of earning wages:
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一賃貸する意思をもってする動産若しくは不動産の有償取得若しくは賃借又はその取得し若しくは賃借したものの賃貸を目的とする行為
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(i)an action through which a first person seeks to acquire for value or rent from a second person a movable or real property from whose rental to a third person the first person wishes to profit, or an action through which one person seeks to rent to another person property so acquired or rented;
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二他人のためにする製造又は加工に関する行為
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(ii)an action relating to manufacturing or processing undertaken for another person's benefit;
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三電気又はガスの供給に関する行為
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(iii)an action relating to the supplying of electricity or gas;
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四運送に関する行為
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(iv)an action relating to transportation;
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五作業又は労務の請負
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(v)undertaking a contract for work or labor;
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六出版、印刷又は撮影に関する行為
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(vi)an action relating to publishing, printing, photography, or filming;
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七客の来集を目的とする場屋における取引
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(vii)a transaction at an establishment at which it is intended for customers to gather;
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八両替その他の銀行取引
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(viii)exchanging money or making another banking transaction;
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九保険
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(ix)providing insurance;
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十寄託の引受け
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(x)undertaking a deposit;
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十一仲立ち又は取次ぎに関する行為
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(xi)an action relating to brokerage or intermediation;
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十二商行為の代理の引受け
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(xii)undertaking the role of agent for a commercial transaction;
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十三信託の引受け
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(xiii)undertaking a trust.
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(附属的商行為)
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(Auxiliary Commercial Transactions)
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第五百三条商人がその営業のためにする行為は、商行為とする。
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Article 503(1)An action taken by a merchant for the benefit of its business is a commercial transaction.
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(商行為の代理)
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(Acting as Agent in Commercial Transactions)
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第五百四条商行為の代理人が本人のためにすることを示さないでこれをした場合であっても、その行為は、本人に対してその効力を生ずる。ただし、相手方が、代理人が本人のためにすることを知らなかったときは、代理人に対して履行の請求をすることを妨げない。
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Article 504Even if the agent for a commercial transaction conducts the transaction without representing that it is doing so on behalf of the principal, the actions of the agent bind the principal;provided, however, that if the other party does not know that the agent is conducting the transaction on behalf of the principal, these provisions do not preclude the other party from demanding that the agent perform the obligations arising from the transaction.
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(商行為の委任)
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(Entrustment of Commercial Transactions)
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第五百五条商行為の受任者は、委任の本旨に反しない範囲内において、委任を受けていない行為をすることができる。
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Article 505A person entrusted with conducting a commercial transaction may take actions that the person is not entrusted with taking, to the extent that this does not conflict with the main purpose of the entrustment.
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(商行為の委任による代理権の消滅事由の特例)
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(Special Provisions on Reasons for Lapse of a Person's Authority to Act as Agent Due to Entrustment of Commercial Transactions)
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第五百六条商行為の委任による代理権は、本人の死亡によっては、消滅しない。
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Article 506A person's authority to act as the agent of a principal based on that person's entrustment with conducting a commercial transaction does not lapse upon the death of the principal.
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(隔地者間における契約の申込み)
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(Offers to Contract between Merchants at a Distance)
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第五百八条商人である隔地者の間において承諾の期間を定めないで契約の申込みを受けた者が相当の期間内に承諾の通知を発しなかったときは、その申込みは、その効力を失う。
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Article 508(1)If merchants are at a distance from each other and the party receiving an offer to contract not specifying a period for acceptance does not issue notice of its acceptance within a reasonable period of time, the offer ceases to be valid.
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(2)The provisions of Article 524 of the Civil Code apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
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(契約の申込みを受けた者の諾否通知義務)
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(Duty of Party Receiving Offer to Contract to Give Notice of Acceptance or Refusal)
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第五百九条商人が平常取引をする者からその営業の部類に属する契約の申込みを受けたときは、遅滞なく、契約の申込みに対する諾否の通知を発しなければならない。
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Article 509(1)If a merchant receives an offer to contract that is in its line of business from a person with which it has regular dealings, the merchant must issue notice of its acceptance or refusal of the offer to contract without delay.
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(契約の申込みを受けた者の物品保管義務)
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(Duty of the Party Receiving Offer to Contract to Take Custody of Goods)
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第五百十条商人がその営業の部類に属する契約の申込みを受けた場合において、その申込みとともに受け取った物品があるときは、その申込みを拒絶したときであっても、申込者の費用をもってその物品を保管しなければならない。ただし、その物品の価額がその費用を償うのに足りないとき、又は商人がその保管によって損害を受けるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 510If, along with the offer that a merchant receives for a contract that is in its line of business, the merchant also receives goods, it must store those goods at the expense of the offeror, even if it refuses the offer;provided, however, that this does not apply if the value of the goods is insufficient to compensate for the costs of the storage, or if the merchant will incur damage from the storage.
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(多数当事者間の債務の連帯)
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(Joint and Several Liability for Obligations Among Multiple Parties)
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第五百十一条数人の者がその一人又は全員のために商行為となる行為によって債務を負担したときは、その債務は、各自が連帯して負担する。
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Article 511(1)When two or more persons assume an obligation by way of an action that constitutes a commercial transaction for any one or all of them, they assume that obligation jointly and severally.
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(2)If there is a guarantor and an obligation arises from a commercial transaction by the principal obligor or the guarantee constitutes a commercial transaction, the principal obligor and the guarantor assume the obligation jointly and severally, even if they have assumed the obligation by way of separate actions.
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(報酬請求権)
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(Claim to Remuneration)
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第五百十二条商人がその営業の範囲内において他人のために行為をしたときは、相当な報酬を請求することができる。
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Article 512When a merchant takes an action for another person that is within the scope of the merchant's business, it may claim reasonable remuneration.
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(利息請求権)
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(Claim to Interest)
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第五百十三条商人間において金銭の消費貸借をしたときは、貸主は、法定利息を請求することができる。
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Article 513(1)If money is lent between merchants, the lender may claim statutory interest.
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(契約による質物の処分の禁止の適用除外)
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(Exemptions from the Prohibition on the Use or Disposal of Things Pledged by Contract)
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第五百十五条民法第三百四十九条の規定は、商行為によって生じた債権を担保するために設定した質権については、適用しない。
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Article 515The provisions of Article 349 of the Civil Code do not apply to a pledge created to secure an obligation arising from a commercial transaction.
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(債務の履行の場所)
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(Place for Performance of Obligations)
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第五百十六条商行為によって生じた債務の履行をすべき場所がその行為の性質又は当事者の意思表示によって定まらないときは、特定物の引渡しはその行為の時にその物が存在した場所において、その他の債務の履行は債権者の現在の営業所(営業所がない場合にあっては、その住所)において、それぞれしなければならない。
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Article 516If the place where an obligation arising from a commercial transaction is to be performed cannot be specified owing to the nature of the transaction or the manifestation of the intentions of the parties, the delivery of a specific thing must be effected at the place where the thing is at the time of the transaction, and any other obligation must be performed at the current place of business of the obligee (or at the obligee's domicile, if the obligee has no place of business).
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(商人間の留置権)
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(Right of Retention Between Merchants)
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第五百二十一条商人間においてその双方のために商行為となる行為によって生じた債権が弁済期にあるときは、債権者は、その債権の弁済を受けるまで、その債務者との間における商行為によって自己の占有に属した債務者の所有する物又は有価証券を留置することができる。ただし、当事者の別段の意思表示があるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 521If performance is due on a claim arising between merchants from an action that constitutes a commercial transaction for both parties, the obligee may retain an object or negotiable instrument of value belonging to the obligor that the obligee has gained possession of in the commercial transaction with the obligor, until the claim is satisfied;provided, however, that this does not apply if the parties have manifested a different intention.
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第二章 売買
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Chapter II Sales Transactions
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(売主による目的物の供託及び競売)
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(Depositing and Auctioning Off of Object of Sale by Seller)
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第五百二十四条商人間の売買において、買主がその目的物の受領を拒み、又はこれを受領することができないときは、売主は、その物を供託し、又は相当の期間を定めて催告をした後に競売に付することができる。この場合において、売主がその物を供託し、又は競売に付したときは、遅滞なく、買主に対してその旨の通知を発しなければならない。
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Article 524(1)If, in a sales transaction between merchants, the buyer refuses to receive or is unable to receive the object of the sale, the seller may deposit the object or put it up for auction after demanding that the buyer receive the object within a reasonable period of time. In such a case, once the seller deposits the object or puts it up for auction, the seller must issue notice of this to the buyer without delay.
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(3)If a seller puts the object of a sales transaction up for auction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the seller must deposit the proceeds of the auction;provided, however, that this does not preclude the seller from allocating all or part of the proceeds to cover the purchase price.
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(定期売買の履行遅滞による解除)
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(Cancellation Due to Delays in Performance in Sales Transactions in Which Time Is of the Essence)
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第五百二十五条商人間の売買において、売買の性質又は当事者の意思表示により、特定の日時又は一定の期間内に履行をしなければ契約をした目的を達することができない場合において、当事者の一方が履行をしないでその時期を経過したときは、相手方は、直ちにその履行の請求をした場合を除き、契約の解除をしたものとみなす。
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Article 525In a sales transaction between merchants in which, due to the nature of the sale or the manifestation of intention of the parties, the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved unless the obligation is performed at a specified date and time or within a fixed period of time, if one of the parties fails to perform the obligation before the date and time or period passes, the other party is deemed to cancel the contract unless it immediately demands that the non-performing party perform the obligation.
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(買主による目的物の検査及び通知)
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(Inspection of Property by Buyer; Notice of Defects)
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第五百二十六条商人間の売買において、買主は、その売買の目的物を受領したときは、遅滞なく、その物を検査しなければならない。
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Article 526(1)In a sales transaction between merchants, upon receiving the object of the sales transaction the buyer must inspect it without delay.
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(2)In a case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the buyer, as a result of the inspection under the provisions of that paragraph, discovers that the object of the sales transaction does not conform to the terms and conditions of the contract in terms of its type, quality, or quantity, the buyer may not use that nonconformity as grounds to demand a cure of the breach, demand a reduction of the price, file a claim for damages, or cancel the contract, unless the buyer immediately issues notice of the nonconformity to the seller. The same applies if it is impossible to immediately discover that the object of a sales transaction does not conform to the terms and conditions of the contract with in terms of its type or quality, when the buyer discovers that nonconformity within six months.
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(買主による目的物の保管及び供託)
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(Storage and Depositing of Object of Sale by Buyer)
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第五百二十七条前条第一項に規定する場合においては、買主は、契約の解除をしたときであっても、売主の費用をもって売買の目的物を保管し、又は供託しなければならない。ただし、その物について滅失又は損傷のおそれがあるときは、裁判所の許可を得てその物を競売に付し、かつ、その代価を保管し、又は供託しなければならない。
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Article 527(1)In a case prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the buyer must store or deposit the object of the sales transaction at the expense of the seller, even if the buyer cancels the contract;provided, however, that if the object is likely to be lost or damaged, the buyer must put it up for auction with the permission of the court and store or deposit the proceeds from the auction.
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第三章 交互計算
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Chapter III Open Accounts
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(交互計算)
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(Open Accounts)
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第五百二十九条交互計算は、商人間又は商人と商人でない者との間で平常取引をする場合において、一定の期間内の取引から生ずる債権及び債務の総額について相殺をし、その残額の支払をすることを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
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Article 529When merchants, or a merchant and a person that is not a merchant, have regular dealings, an open account becomes effective by virtue of their agreeing to set off the total amounts of claims and obligations arising from their dealings during a fixed period of time and to pay the balance.
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(商業証券に係る債権債務に関する特則)
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(Special Provisions on Claims and Obligations Arising from Commercial Instruments)
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第五百三十条手形その他の商業証券から生じた債権及び債務を交互計算に組み入れた場合において、その商業証券の債務者が弁済をしないときは、当事者は、その債務に関する項目を交互計算から除外することができる。
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Article 530If claims and obligations arising from bills and notes and other commercial instruments are included in an open account, and the obligor of a commercial instrument does not perform its obligation, the parties may exclude the item that concerns that obligation from the open account.
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(交互計算の期間)
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(Open Account Terms)
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第五百三十一条当事者が相殺をすべき期間を定めなかったときは、その期間は、六箇月とする。
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Article 531If the parties do not specify a term during which a set-off must be made, the term is six months.
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(交互計算の承認)
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(Acknowledgment of Open Accounts)
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第五百三十二条当事者は、債権及び債務の各項目を記載した計算書の承認をしたときは、当該各項目について異議を述べることができない。ただし、当該計算書の記載に錯誤又は脱漏があったときは、この限りでない。
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Article 532Once a party acknowledges an account statement showing each of the items under claims and obligations, it may not object to those items;provided, however, that this does not apply if an entry in the account statement contained a mistake or omission.
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(残額についての利息請求権等)
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(Claim to Interest on Balances)
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第五百三十三条相殺によって生じた残額については、債権者は、計算の閉鎖の日以後の法定利息を請求することができる。
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Article 533(1)An obligee may claim statutory interest on the balance after set-off beginning on the date of the closing of the account.
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(交互計算の解除)
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(Termination of Open Accounts)
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第五百三十四条各当事者は、いつでも交互計算の解除をすることができる。この場合において、交互計算の解除をしたときは、直ちに、計算を閉鎖して、残額の支払を請求することができる。
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Article 534Either of the parties to an open account may terminate the account at any time. In such a case, the party terminating the open account may immediately close the account and demand payment of the balance.
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第四章 匿名組合
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Chapter IV Silent Partnerships
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(匿名組合契約)
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(Silent Partnership Agreements)
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第五百三十五条匿名組合契約は、当事者の一方が相手方の営業のために出資をし、その営業から生ずる利益を分配することを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
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Article 535A silent partnership agreement becomes effective by virtue of a first party promising to make a contribution to a second party's business, and the second party promising to distribute profits arising from its business to the first party.
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(匿名組合員の出資及び権利義務)
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(Silent Partners' Contributions, Rights, and Obligations)
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第五百三十六条匿名組合員の出資は、営業者の財産に属する。
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Article 536(1)A silent partner's contribution is part of the assets of the proprietor.
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(自己の氏名等の使用を許諾した匿名組合員の責任)
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(Liability of Silent Partners Permitting Use of Their Own Names)
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第五百三十七条匿名組合員は、自己の氏若しくは氏名を営業者の商号中に用いること又は自己の商号を営業者の商号として使用することを許諾したときは、その使用以後に生じた債務については、営業者と連帯してこれを弁済する責任を負う。
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Article 537If a silent partner permits the use of their own surname or full name in the trade name of the proprietor or permits the use of its own trade name in the trade name of the proprietor, the partner is liable, jointly and severally with the proprietor, for any obligations arising once the name is in use.
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(利益の配当の制限)
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(Restriction on Dividends of Profits)
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第五百三十八条出資が損失によって減少したときは、その損失をてん補した後でなければ、匿名組合員は、利益の配当を請求することができない。
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Article 538If a contribution decreases due to a loss, a silent partner may not claim a dividend of profits until after compensating for the loss.
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(貸借対照表の閲覧等並びに業務及び財産状況に関する検査)
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(Inspecting Balance Sheets; Checking on State of Business and Assets)
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第五百三十九条匿名組合員は、営業年度の終了時において、営業者の営業時間内に、次に掲げる請求をし、又は営業者の業務及び財産の状況を検査することができる。
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Article 539(1)At the end of the business year, during the business hours of the proprietor, a silent partner may make the following requests and check on the state of the proprietor's business and assets:
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一営業者の貸借対照表が書面をもって作成されているときは、当該書面の閲覧又は謄写の請求
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(i)if the proprietor's balance sheet is prepared in the form of a paper document, a request to inspect or copy that document;
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二営業者の貸借対照表が電磁的記録(電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られる記録であって、電子計算機による情報処理の用に供されるもので法務省令で定めるものをいう。)をもって作成されているときは、当該電磁的記録に記録された事項を法務省令で定める方法により表示したものの閲覧又は謄写の請求
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(ii)if the proprietor's balance sheet is prepared in the form of an electronic or magnetic record (meaning a record used in computerized data processing as provided for by the Ministry of Justice Order, which is created in electronic form, magnetic form, or any other form that cannot be perceived by the human senses), a request to inspect or copy something that has been made to show the information recorded in the electronic or magnetic record, in the manner that the Ministry of Justice Order prescribes.
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(匿名組合契約の解除)
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(Termination of Silent Partnership Agreements)
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第五百四十条匿名組合契約で匿名組合の存続期間を定めなかったとき、又はある当事者の終身の間匿名組合が存続すべきことを定めたときは、各当事者は、営業年度の終了時において、契約の解除をすることができる。ただし、六箇月前にその予告をしなければならない。
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Article 540(1)If a silent partnership agreement does not specify the duration of the silent partnership or if it provides that the silent partnership is to continue to exist for the life of either party, either party may terminate the agreement at the end of a business year;provided, however, that the party terminating the agreement must give six months' advance notice.
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(匿名組合契約の終了事由)
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(Circumstances That End Silent Partnership Agreements)
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第五百四十一条前条の場合のほか、匿名組合契約は、次に掲げる事由によって終了する。
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Article 541Other than in cases as referred to in the preceding Article, a silent partnership agreement ends as a result of the following circumstances:
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一匿名組合の目的である事業の成功又はその成功の不能
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(i)the successful completion of the business that is the objective of the silent partnership, or the impossibility of its successful completion;
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二営業者の死亡又は営業者が後見開始の審判を受けたこと。
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(ii)the death of the proprietor or the proprietor's becoming subject to a ruling for the commencement of guardianship;
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三営業者又は匿名組合員が破産手続開始の決定を受けたこと。
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(iii)the proprietor's or silent partner's becoming subject to an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings.
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(匿名組合契約の終了に伴う出資の価額の返還)
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(Return of Value of Contribution at the End of Silent Partnership Agreement)
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第五百四十二条匿名組合契約が終了したときは、営業者は、匿名組合員にその出資の価額を返還しなければならない。ただし、出資が損失によって減少したときは、その残額を返還すれば足りる。
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Article 542Once a silent partnership agreement has ended, the proprietor must return the value of the contribution to the silent partner;provided, however, that if the contribution has decreased due to a loss, it is sufficient for the proprietor to return the remaining value.
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第五章 仲立営業
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Chapter V Brokerage Business
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(定義)
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(Definition)
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第五百四十三条この章において「仲立人」とは、他人間の商行為の媒介をすることを業とする者をいう。
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Article 543The term "broker" as used in this Chapter means a person in the business of brokering commercial transactions between other persons.
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(当事者のために給付を受けることの制限)
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(Restriction on Receiving Performance on Behalf of Parties)
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第五百四十四条仲立人は、その媒介により成立させた行為について、当事者のために支払その他の給付を受けることができない。ただし、当事者の別段の意思表示又は別段の慣習があるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 544A broker may not receive a payment or other such performance on a party's behalf for an act that the broker has formed and effected through its brokerage;provided, however, that this does not apply if a party manifests a different intention or if custom dictates otherwise.
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(見本保管義務)
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(Obligation to Retain Samples)
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第五百四十五条仲立人がその媒介に係る行為について見本を受け取ったときは、その行為が完了するまで、これを保管しなければならない。
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Article 545If a broker receives a sample in connection with an act that is subject to the brokerage, the broker must retain the sample until the act is completed.
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(結約書の交付義務等)
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(Obligation to Deliver Transaction Brokerage Notice)
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第五百四十六条当事者間において媒介に係る行為が成立したときは、仲立人は、遅滞なく、次に掲げる事項を記載した書面(以下この章において「結約書」という。)を作成し、かつ、署名し、又は記名押印した後、これを各当事者に交付しなければならない。
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Article 546(1)Once an act subject to brokerage is formed and effected between the parties, the broker, without delay, must prepare documents containing the following information (hereinafter referred to as "transaction brokerage notice" in this Chapter), and deliver those notices to the parties after affixing the broker's signature or name and seal to them:
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一各当事者の氏名又は名称
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(i)the name of each party; and
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二当該行為の年月日及びその要領
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(ii)the date and an outline of the act.
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(帳簿記載義務等)
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(Obligation to Keep Books)
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第五百四十七条仲立人は、その帳簿に前条第一項各号に掲げる事項を記載しなければならない。
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Article 547(1)A broker must enter the information set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article in its books.
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(当事者の氏名等を相手方に示さない場合)
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(Cases in Which Broker May Not Disclose Party's Name to Other Party)
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第五百四十八条当事者がその氏名又は名称を相手方に示してはならない旨を仲立人に命じたときは、仲立人は、結約書及び前条第二項の謄本にその氏名又は名称を記載することができない。
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Article 548If a party orders a broker not to disclose its name to the other party, the broker may not enter that party's name in the transaction brokerage notice or in the certified copy referred to in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article.
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(仲立人の報酬)
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(Broker's Remuneration)
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第五百五十条仲立人は、第五百四十六条の手続を終了した後でなければ、報酬を請求することができない。
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Article 550(1)A broker may not claim remuneration until completing the process referred to in Article 546.
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第六章 問屋営業
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Chapter VI Business of Commission Merchants
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(定義)
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(Definition)
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第五百五十一条この章において「問屋」とは、自己の名をもって他人のために物品の販売又は買入れをすることを業とする者をいう。
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Article 551The term "commission merchant" as used in this Chapter means a person in the business of selling or purchasing goods in its own name on behalf of another person.
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(問屋の権利義務)
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(Rights and Obligations of Commission Merchants)
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第五百五十二条問屋は、他人のためにした販売又は買入れにより、相手方に対して、自ら権利を取得し、義務を負う。
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Article 552(1)A commission merchant acquires rights against and bears obligations toward the other party personally by reason of a sale or purchase that the commission merchant makes on behalf of another person.
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(問屋の担保責任)
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(Commission Merchant's Warranty)
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第五百五十三条問屋は、委託者のためにした販売又は買入れにつき相手方がその債務を履行しないときに、自らその履行をする責任を負う。ただし、当事者の別段の意思表示又は別段の慣習があるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 553A commission merchant is personally liable for performance if the other party fails to perform an obligation in a sale or purchase that the merchant has made on a consignor's behalf;provided, however, that this does not apply if the consignor manifests a different intention or if custom dictates otherwise.
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(問屋が委託者の指定した金額との差額を負担する場合の販売又は買入れの効力)
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(Effect of Sale or Purchase if Commission Merchant Bears Difference in Prices from Amount Designated by Consigner)
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第五百五十四条問屋が委託者の指定した金額より低い価格で販売をし、又は高い価格で買入れをした場合において、自らその差額を負担するときは、その販売又は買入れは、委託者に対してその効力を生ずる。
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Article 554If a commission merchant sells goods at a price lower than that designated by the consignor or purchases goods at a price higher than that designated by the consignor but the merchant personally bears the difference, the sale or purchase is valid for the consignor.
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(介入権)
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(Right of Intervention)
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第五百五十五条問屋は、取引所の相場がある物品の販売又は買入れの委託を受けたときは、自ら買主又は売主となることができる。この場合において、売買の代価は、問屋が買主又は売主となったことの通知を発した時における取引所の相場によって定める。
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Article 555(1)When a commission merchant is entrusted to sell or purchase goods for which there is a quotation on an exchange, the merchant may personally stand as the purchaser or seller.In this case, the sale or purchase price is determined by the quotation on the exchange at the time the commission merchant issues notice that it will stand as the purchaser or seller.
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(問屋が買い入れた物品の供託及び競売)
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(Deposit and Auction of Goods Purchased by Commission Merchant)
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第五百五十六条問屋が買入れの委託を受けた場合において、委託者が買い入れた物品の受領を拒み、又はこれを受領することができないときは、第五百二十四条の規定を準用する。
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Article 556The provisions of Article 524 apply mutatis mutandis if a commission merchant is entrusted with purchasing goods but the consignor refuses or is unable to receive the goods that the merchant has purchased.
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(代理商に関する規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Commercial Agent)
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第五百五十七条第二十七条及び第三十一条の規定は、問屋について準用する。
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Article 557The provisions of Article 27 and Article 31 apply mutatis mutandis to commission merchants.
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(準問屋)
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(Constructive Commercial Merchants)
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第五百五十八条この章の規定は、自己の名をもって他人のために販売又は買入れ以外の行為をすることを業とする者について準用する。
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Article 558The provisions of this Chapter apply mutatis mutandis to a person in the business of undertaking acts other than selling or purchasing goods in its own name on behalf of another person.
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第七章 運送取扱営業
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Chapter VII Freight Forwarding Business
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(定義等)
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(Definitions)
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第五百五十九条この章において「運送取扱人」とは、自己の名をもって物品運送の取次ぎをすることを業とする者をいう。
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Article 559(1)The term "freight forwarder" as used in this Chapter means a person in the business of commissioning the transportation of goods in its own name.
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(運送取扱人の責任)
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(Liability of Freight Forwarders)
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第五百六十条運送取扱人は、運送品の受取から荷受人への引渡しまでの間にその運送品が滅失し若しくは損傷し、若しくはその滅失若しくは損傷の原因が生じ、又は運送品が延着したときは、これによって生じた損害を賠償する責任を負う。ただし、運送取扱人がその運送品の受取、保管及び引渡し、運送人の選択その他の運送の取次ぎについて注意を怠らなかったことを証明したときは、この限りでない。
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Article 560If, between the receipt of goods and their delivery to the consignee, those goods are lost or damaged or something occurs that causes them to be lost or damaged, or if their arrival is delayed, a freight forwarder is liable to compensate for the resulting loss or damage;provided, however, that this does not apply if a freight forwarder proves that it did not neglect to exercise due care in performing acts in commissioning the transportation, such as the receipt, storage, or delivery of the goods, or the choice of carrier.
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(運送取扱人の報酬)
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(Remuneration for Freight Forwarders)
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第五百六十一条運送取扱人は、運送品を運送人に引き渡したときは、直ちにその報酬を請求することができる。
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Article 561(1)A freight forwarder may claim remuneration immediately upon delivery of the goods to a carrier.
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(運送取扱人の留置権)
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(Freight Forwarder's Right of Retention)
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第五百六十二条運送取扱人は、運送品に関して受け取るべき報酬、付随の費用及び運送賃その他の立替金についてのみ、その弁済を受けるまで、その運送品を留置することができる。
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Article 562A freight forwarder may retain goods only against the remuneration, ancillary costs, and freight charges and other such money advanced which are receivable for the goods, until the freight forwarder is paid for these in full.
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(介入権)
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(Right of Intervention)
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第五百六十三条運送取扱人は、自ら運送をすることができる。この場合において、運送取扱人は、運送人と同一の権利義務を有する。
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Article 563(1)A freight forwarder may transport goods personally.In this case, the freight forwarder has the same rights and obligations as a carrier.
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(物品運送に関する規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Transportation of Goods)
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第五百六十四条第五百七十二条、第五百七十七条、第五百七十九条(第三項を除く。)、第五百八十一条、第五百八十五条、第五百八十六条、第五百八十七条(第五百七十七条及び第五百八十五条の規定の準用に係る部分に限る。)及び第五百八十八条の規定は、運送取扱営業について準用する。この場合において、第五百七十九条第二項中「前の運送人」とあるのは「前の運送取扱人又は運送人」と、第五百八十五条第一項中「運送品の引渡し」とあるのは「荷受人に対する運送品の引渡し」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 564The provisions of Article 572, Article 577, Article 579 (excluding paragraph (3)), Article 581, Article 585, Article 586, Article 587 (limited to the parts concerning the application mutatis mutandis of the provisions of Article 577 and 585), and Article 588 apply mutatis mutandis to the freight forwarding business.In this case, the term "preceding carrier" in Article 579, paragraph (2) is deemed to be replaced with "preceding freight forwarder or carrier," and the phrase "goods are delivered" in Article 585, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "goods are delivered to the consignee.".
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第八章 運送営業
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Chapter VIII Transportation Business
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第一節 総則
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Section 1 General Provisions
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一運送人陸上運送、海上運送又は航空運送の引受けをすることを業とする者をいう。
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(i)carrier:a person in the business of undertaking land transportation, marine transportation or air transportation;
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二陸上運送陸上における物品又は旅客の運送をいう。
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(ii)land transportation:transportation of goods or passengers on land;
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三海上運送第六百八十四条に規定する船舶(第七百四十七条に規定する非航海船を含む。)による物品又は旅客の運送をいう。
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(iii)marine transportation:transportation of goods or passengers by ships prescribed in Article 684 (including non-seagoing vessels prescribed in Article 747); and
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四航空運送航空法(昭和二十七年法律第二百三十一号)第二条第一項に規定する航空機による物品又は旅客の運送をいう。
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(iv)air transportation:transportation of goods or passengers by aircraft prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Civil Aeronautics Act (Act No. 231 of 1952).
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第二節 物品運送
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Section 2 Freight Transportation
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(物品運送契約)
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(Freight Transportation Contract)
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第五百七十条物品運送契約は、運送人が荷送人からある物品を受け取りこれを運送して荷受人に引き渡すことを約し、荷送人がその結果に対してその運送賃を支払うことを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
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Article 570A freight transportation contract becomes effective by virtue of a carrier promising to receive goods from a shipper and deliver them to a consignee, and the shipper promising to pay freight charges for that outcome.
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(送り状の交付義務等)
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(Obligation to Issue Invoice)
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第五百七十一条荷送人は、運送人の請求により、次に掲げる事項を記載した書面(次項において「送り状」という。)を交付しなければならない。
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Article 571(1)A shipper must issue a document containing the following information (referred to as an "invoice" in the following paragraph) at the request of a carrier:
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一運送品の種類
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(i)the type of the goods;
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二運送品の容積若しくは重量又は包若しくは個品の数及び運送品の記号
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(ii)the volume or weight of the goods or the number of packages or items, and the marks of the goods;
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三荷造りの種類
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(iii)the type of packaging;
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四荷送人及び荷受人の氏名又は名称
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(iv)the names of the shipper and consignee; and
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五発送地及び到達地
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(v)the place of shipment and the destination.
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(2)In lieu of issuing an invoice, the shipper referred to in the preceding paragraph may provide the information that is required to be contained in an invoice by electronic or magnetic means (meaning a means of using an electronic data processing system, or of otherwise employing information and communications technology, which is specified by Ministry of Justice Order; the same applies hereinafter), with the carrier's consent, pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order.In this case, the shipper is deemed to have issued an invoice.
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(危険物に関する通知義務)
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(Obligation to Give Notice of Dangerous Goods)
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第五百七十二条荷送人は、運送品が引火性、爆発性その他の危険性を有するものであるときは、その引渡しの前に、運送人に対し、その旨及び当該運送品の品名、性質その他の当該運送品の安全な運送に必要な情報を通知しなければならない。
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Article 572If the goods to be transported are goods of an inflammable, explosive or otherwise dangerous nature, a shipper, before delivering them, must notify a carrier of this fact and of the information necessary for their safe transportation, including the product name and nature of the goods.
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(運送賃)
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(Freight Charges)
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第五百七十三条運送賃は、到達地における運送品の引渡しと同時に、支払わなければならない。
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Article 573(1)Freight charges must be paid at the time the goods are delivered at the destination.
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(運送人の留置権)
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(Carrier's Right of Retention)
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第五百七十四条運送人は、運送品に関して受け取るべき運送賃、付随の費用及び立替金(以下この節において「運送賃等」という。)についてのみ、その弁済を受けるまで、その運送品を留置することができる。
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Article 574A carrier may retain goods only against the freight charges, ancillary costs, and money advanced receivable for the goods (hereinafter referred to as "freight charges and other receivables" in this Section), until the carrier is paid for these in full.
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(運送人の責任)
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(Liability of Carrier)
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第五百七十五条運送人は、運送品の受取から引渡しまでの間にその運送品が滅失し若しくは損傷し、若しくはその滅失若しくは損傷の原因が生じ、又は運送品が延着したときは、これによって生じた損害を賠償する責任を負う。ただし、運送人がその運送品の受取、運送、保管及び引渡しについて注意を怠らなかったことを証明したときは、この限りでない。
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Article 575If, between the receipt of goods and their delivery, those goods are lost or damaged or something occurs that causes them to be lost or damaged, or if their arrival is delayed, a carrier is liable to compensate for the resulting loss or damage;provided, however, that this does not apply if a carrier proves that it did not neglect to exercise due care in the receipt, transportation, storage, or delivery of the goods.
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(損害賠償の額)
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(Amount of Damage)
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第五百七十六条運送品の滅失又は損傷の場合における損害賠償の額は、その引渡しがされるべき地及び時における運送品の市場価格(取引所の相場がある物品については、その相場)によって定める。ただし、市場価格がないときは、その地及び時における同種類で同一の品質の物品の正常な価格によって定める。
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Article 576(1)The amount of damages in the event of loss of or damage to goods is determined by the market price of the goods (or by quotations on an exchange, for goods for which this is applicable) at the place and time at which the goods are to be delivered;provided, however, that if there is no market price, this is determined by the normal price of goods of the same type and with the same quality at that place and time.
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(高価品の特則)
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(Special Provisions for Valuables)
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第五百七十七条貨幣、有価証券その他の高価品については、荷送人が運送を委託するに当たりその種類及び価額を通知した場合を除き、運送人は、その滅失、損傷又は延着について損害賠償の責任を負わない。
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Article 577(1)A carrier is not liable for damages for loss of, damage to, or delayed arrival of cash, negotiable instruments, or other valuables, unless the shipper notifies the carrier of the type and value of the items in entrusting the carrier with transporting them.
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一物品運送契約の締結の当時、運送品が高価品であることを運送人が知っていたとき。
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(i)if the carrier knew that the goods were valuables when concluding the freight transportation contract; or
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二運送人の故意又は重大な過失によって高価品の滅失、損傷又は延着が生じたとき。
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(ii)if the loss of, damage to, or delay in the arrival of valuables arises at the carrier's intention or due to the carrier's gross negligence.
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(複合運送人の責任)
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(Liability of Multimodal Transport Operators)
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第五百七十八条陸上運送、海上運送又は航空運送のうち二以上の運送を一の契約で引き受けた場合における運送品の滅失等(運送品の滅失、損傷又は延着をいう。以下この節において同じ。)についての運送人の損害賠償の責任は、それぞれの運送においてその運送品の滅失等の原因が生じた場合に当該運送ごとに適用されることとなる我が国の法令又は我が国が締結した条約の規定に従う。
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Article 578(1)The liability of a carrier to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss, damage, or delay (meaning loss of, damage to, or delay in the arrival of the goods; hereinafter the same applies in this Section) if it has undertaken two or more modes of transportation from among land transportation, marine transportation, and air transportation under a single contract is to be governed by the provisions of Japanese laws and regulations or treaties which Japan has signed that are to be applied to each mode of transportation if the thing that causes the loss, damage, or delay occurs during that mode of transportation.
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(相次運送人の権利義務)
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(Rights and Obligations of Successive Carriers)
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第五百七十九条数人の運送人が相次いで陸上運送をするときは、後の運送人は、前の運送人に代わってその権利を行使する義務を負う。
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Article 579(1)If two or more carriers transport goods or passengers over land in succession, the second or subsequent carrier bears the obligation to exercise the rights of the previous carrier on its behalf.
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(荷送人による運送の中止等の請求)
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(Shipper's Request for Discontinuation of Transportation)
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第五百八十条荷送人は、運送人に対し、運送の中止、荷受人の変更その他の処分を請求することができる。この場合において、運送人は、既にした運送の割合に応じた運送賃、付随の費用、立替金及びその処分によって生じた費用の弁済を請求することができる。
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Article 580A shipper may request a carrier to take measures such as discontinuing transportation or changing the consignee.In this case, a carrier may demand payment of freight charges, ancillary costs, money advanced, and costs incurred for the measures, in proportion to the transportation already completed.
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(荷受人の権利義務等)
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(Rights and Obligations of Consignees)
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第五百八十一条荷受人は、運送品が到達地に到着し、又は運送品の全部が滅失したときは、物品運送契約によって生じた荷送人の権利と同一の権利を取得する。
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Article 581(1)Once the goods arrive at the destination, or if all of the goods are lost, the consignee acquires the same rights as those of the shipper that have arisen based on a freight transportation contract.
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(運送品の供託及び競売)
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(Depositing and Auctioning of Goods)
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第五百八十二条運送人は、荷受人を確知することができないときは、運送品を供託することができる。
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Article 582(1)A carrier may deposit goods with an official depository if the carrier is unable to ascertain the identity of the consignee.
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(4)If a carrier puts goods up for auction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the carrier must deposit the proceeds from the auction with an official depository;provided, however, that this does not preclude the carrier from allocating all or part of the proceeds to cover the freight charges and other receivables.
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Article 583The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis if a consignee refuses to receive or is unable to receive goods.In this case, the phrase "if the carrier demands that" in paragraph (2) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "if the carrier demands that the consignee receive goods within a reasonable period of time, and after the expiration of that period "; and the term "shipper" in paragraph (5) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "shipper and consignee".
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(運送人の責任の消滅)
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(Extinguishment of Carrier's Liability)
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第五百八十四条運送品の損傷又は一部滅失についての運送人の責任は、荷受人が異議をとどめないで運送品を受け取ったときは、消滅する。ただし、運送品に直ちに発見することができない損傷又は一部滅失があった場合において、荷受人が引渡しの日から二週間以内に運送人に対してその旨の通知を発したときは、この限りでない。
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Article 584(1)A carrier ceases to be liable for damage or partial loss of goods if the consignee receives the goods without raising any objection;provided, however, that this does not apply if the goods have incurred damage or a partial loss that cannot be immediately discovered, and the consignee notifies the carrier of this within two weeks from the date of delivery.
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(3)If a carrier entrusts a third party with transportation, and a consignee issues notice to the carrier as referred to in the proviso to paragraph (1) within the period referred to in the proviso to that paragraph, the period referred to in the proviso to that paragraph concerning a third party's liability to the carrier is deemed to have been extended to the final day in the two-week period that begins on the day on which the carrier received the notice.
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(3)If a carrier entrusts a third party with transportation, and the carrier provides compensation for loss or damage or has had a claim filed against it with the courts within the period referred to in paragraph (1), the period referred to in that paragraph concerning a third party's liability to the carrier is deemed to have been extended to the final day in the three-month period that begins on the day on which the carrier provided the compensation or had the claim filed against it.
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(運送人の債権の消滅時効)
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(Extinctive Prescription for Claims of Carrier)
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第五百八十六条運送人の荷送人又は荷受人に対する債権は、これを行使することができる時から一年間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。
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Article 586A claim held by a carrier against a shipper or consignee is extinguished by prescription if the carrier does not exercise it during the one-year period that begins once the carrier has the right to exercise it.
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(運送人の不法行為責任)
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(Tort Liability of Carriers)
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第五百八十七条第五百七十六条、第五百七十七条、第五百八十四条及び第五百八十五条の規定は、運送品の滅失等についての運送人の荷送人又は荷受人に対する不法行為による損害賠償の責任について準用する。ただし、荷受人があらかじめ荷送人の委託による運送を拒んでいたにもかかわらず荷送人から運送を引き受けた運送人の荷受人に対する責任については、この限りでない。
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Article 587The provisions of Articles 576, 577, 584, and 585 apply mutatis mutandis to the liability of a carrier toward a shipper or consignee to compensate for damage in tort arising as a result of loss, damage, or delay;provided, however, that this does not apply to a carrier's liability to a consignee if the carrier undertakes transportation from the shipper even though the consignee had previously refused to have the goods transported through entrustment by the shipper.
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(運送人の被用者の不法行為責任)
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(Tort Liability of Carrier's Employees)
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第五百八十八条前条の規定により運送品の滅失等についての運送人の損害賠償の責任が免除され、又は軽減される場合には、その責任が免除され、又は軽減される限度において、その運送品の滅失等についての運送人の被用者の荷送人又は荷受人に対する不法行為による損害賠償の責任も、免除され、又は軽減される。
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Article 588(1)If, pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, a carrier is subject to a release from or reduction in the liability to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss, damage, or delay, the carrier's employees are also subject to a release from or reduction in their liability to a shipper or consignee to compensate for damage in tort arising as a result of that loss, damage, or delay, to the extent of the carrier's release from or reduction in liability.
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第三節 旅客運送
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Section 3 Passenger Transportation
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(旅客運送契約)
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(Passenger Transportation Contracts)
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第五百八十九条旅客運送契約は、運送人が旅客を運送することを約し、相手方がその結果に対してその運送賃を支払うことを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
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Article 589A passenger transportation contract becomes effective by virtue of a carrier promising to transport a passenger, and the other party promising to pay freight charges for that outcome.
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(運送人の責任)
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(Carrier Liability)
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第五百九十条運送人は、旅客が運送のために受けた損害を賠償する責任を負う。ただし、運送人が運送に関し注意を怠らなかったことを証明したときは、この限りでない。
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Article 590A carrier is liable to compensate for loss or damage a passenger incurs due to transportation;provided, however, that this does not apply if the carrier proves that it did not neglect to exercise due care in transporting the passenger.
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(特約禁止)
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(Prohibition of Special Agreements)
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第五百九十一条旅客の生命又は身体の侵害による運送人の損害賠償の責任(運送の遅延を主たる原因とするものを除く。)を免除し、又は軽減する特約は、無効とする。
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Article 591(1)Any special agreement that makes the carrier subject to a release from or reduction in the liability to compensate for loss or damage to the life or person of a passenger (excluding the liability to compensate for loss or damage mainly arising from a delay in transportation) is void.
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一大規模な火災、震災その他の災害が発生し、又は発生するおそれがある場合において運送を行うとき。
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(i)if a carrier transports a passenger in the event or likely event of a large-scale fire, earthquake, or other such disaster; or
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二運送に伴い通常生ずる振動その他の事情により生命又は身体に重大な危険が及ぶおそれがある者の運送を行うとき。
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(ii)if a carrier transports a passenger whose life or person is likely to be placed in material danger due to the vibrations normally occasioned by transportation or other such circumstances.
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(引渡しを受けた手荷物に関する運送人の責任等)
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(Carrier Liability for Baggage Handed Over to It)
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第五百九十二条運送人は、旅客から引渡しを受けた手荷物については、運送賃を請求しないときであっても、物品運送契約における運送人と同一の責任を負う。
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Article 592(1)A carrier has the same liability as a carrier that is under a freight transportation contract with regard to the baggage that passengers have handed over to the carrier, even if the carrier does not claim any special freight charges for it.
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(3)If a passenger does not seek to have the baggage prescribed in paragraph (1) handed over within one week from the day on which the baggage arrives at the destination, a carrier may deposit the baggage with an official depositary or may put it up for auction after issuing a notice for the passenger to seek to have it handed over within a reasonable period of time.In this case, once the carrier deposits the baggage with an official depository or puts it up for auction, the carrier must notify the passenger of this without delay.
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(引渡しを受けていない手荷物に関する運送人の責任等)
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(Carrier Liability for Baggage Not Handed Over to It)
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第五百九十三条運送人は、旅客から引渡しを受けていない手荷物(身の回り品を含む。)の滅失又は損傷については、故意又は過失がある場合を除き、損害賠償の責任を負わない。
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Article 593(1)A carrier is not liable to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss or damage to the baggage that a passenger has not handed over to the carrier (including a passenger's personal belongings), unless the carrier has intentionally or negligently caused the loss or damage.
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2第五百七十六条第一項及び第三項、第五百八十四条第一項、第五百八十五条第一項及び第二項、第五百八十七条(第五百七十六条第一項及び第三項、第五百八十四条第一項並びに第五百八十五条第一項及び第二項の規定の準用に係る部分に限る。)並びに第五百八十八条の規定は、運送人が前項に規定する手荷物の滅失又は損傷に係る損害賠償の責任を負う場合について準用する。この場合において、第五百七十六条第一項中「その引渡しがされるべき」とあるのは「その運送が終了すべき」と、第五百八十四条第一項中「荷受人が異議をとどめないで運送品を受け取った」とあるのは「旅客が運送の終了の時までに異議をとどめなかった」と、「荷受人が引渡しの日」とあるのは「旅客が運送の終了の日」と、第五百八十五条第一項中「運送品の引渡しがされた日(運送品の全部滅失の場合にあっては、その引渡しがされるべき日)」とあるのは「運送の終了の日」と読み替えるものとする。
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(2)The provisions of Article 576, paragraphs (1) and (3), Article 584, paragraph (1), Article 585, paragraphs (1) and (2), Article 587 (limited to the parts concerning the application mutatis mutandis of the provisions of Article 576, paragraphs (1) and (3), Article 584, paragraph (1), and Article 585, paragraphs (1) and (2)), and Article 588 apply mutatis mutandis if a carrier is liable to compensate for loss or damage that arises as a result of loss or damage to baggage as prescribed in the preceding paragraph.In this case: in Article 576, paragraph (1), the phrase "the goods should have been delivered" is deemed to be replaced with "the transportation should have been completed"; in Article 584, paragraph (1), the phrase "the consignee receives the goods without raising any objection" is deemed to be replaced with "the passenger has not raised any objection by the time of completion of transportation", and the phrase "the consignee notifies the carrier of this within two weeks from the date of delivery " is deemed to be replaced with "the passenger notifies the carrier of this within two weeks from the date of completion of transportation"; and in Article 585, paragraph (1), the phrase "the day on which the goods are delivered (or, in the event of a total loss of goods, the day on which the goods should have been delivered)" is deemed to be replaced with "the day of completion of transportation".
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(運送人の債権の消滅時効)
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(Extinctive Prescription of Carriers' Claims)
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第五百九十四条第五百八十六条の規定は、旅客運送について準用する。
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Article 594The provisions of Article 586 apply mutatis mutandis to passenger transportation.
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第九章 寄託
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Chapter IX Bailment
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第一節 総則
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Section 1 General Provisions
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(受寄者の注意義務)
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(Bailees' Duty of Care)
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第五百九十五条商人がその営業の範囲内において寄託を受けた場合には、報酬を受けないときであっても、善良な管理者の注意をもって、寄託物を保管しなければならない。
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Article 595If a merchant receives goods under bailment within the scope of its business, the merchant must store the bailed goods with the due care of a prudent manager even if it does not receive remuneration.
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(場屋営業者の責任)
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(Liability of Establishment's Proprietor)
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第五百九十六条旅館、飲食店、浴場その他の客の来集を目的とする場屋における取引をすることを業とする者(以下この節において「場屋営業者」という。)は、客から寄託を受けた物品の滅失又は損傷については、不可抗力によるものであったことを証明しなければ、損害賠償の責任を免れることができない。
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Article 596(1)If a person in the business of conducting transactions at a hotel, food and beverage establishment, bathhouse, or other such establishment at which it is intended for customers to gather (hereinafter referred to as an "establishment's proprietor" in this Section) receives goods under bailment from a customer, the establishment's proprietor is not entitled to be released from the liability to compensate the customer for loss or damage arising as a result of loss or damage to the bailed goods unless it proves that the loss or damage is due to force majeure.
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(高価品の特則)
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(Special Provisions for Valuables)
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第五百九十七条貨幣、有価証券その他の高価品については、客がその種類及び価額を通知してこれを場屋営業者に寄託した場合を除き、場屋営業者は、その滅失は損傷によって生じた損害を賠償する責任を負わない。
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Article 597An establishment's proprietor is not liable to compensate for loss or damage to cash, negotiable instruments, or other valuables, unless a customer notifies the establishment's proprietor of the type and value of the items while making the bailment.
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(場屋営業者の責任に係る債権の消滅時効)
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(Extinctive Prescription of Claims Involving Liability of Establishment's Proprietor)
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第五百九十八条前二条の場屋営業者の責任に係る債権は、場屋営業者が寄託を受けた物品を返還し、又は客が場屋の中に携帯した物品を持ち去った時(物品の全部滅失の場合にあっては、客が場屋を去った時)から一年間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。
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Article 598(1)A claim involving the liability of an establishment's proprietor as referred to in the preceding two Articles is extinguished by prescription if the customer does not exercise it during the one-year period after the establishment's proprietor returns the bailed goods or the customer leaves with the goods that they carried into the establishment (or, in the event of a total loss of goods, after the customer leaves the establishment).
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第二節 倉庫営業
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Section 2 Warehousing Business
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(定義)
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(Definition)
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第五百九十九条この節において「倉庫営業者」とは、他人のために物品を倉庫に保管することを業とする者をいう。
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Article 599The term "warehouse" as used in this Section means a person engaged in the business of storing goods at a warehouse facility on behalf of another person.
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(倉荷証券の交付義務)
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(Obligation to Issue Warehouse Receipt)
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第六百条倉庫営業者は、寄託者の請求により、寄託物の倉荷証券を交付しなければならない。
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Article 600A warehouse must issue a warehouse receipt for bailed goods at the request of the bailor.
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(倉荷証券の記載事項)
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(Information Contained in Warehouse Receipt)
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第六百一条倉荷証券には、次に掲げる事項及びその番号を記載し、倉庫営業者がこれに署名し、又は記名押印しなければならない。
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Article 601A warehouse receipt must contain the following information as well as its number, and bear the signature or the name and seal of a warehouse:
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一寄託物の種類、品質及び数量並びにその荷造りの種類、個数及び記号
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(i)the type, quality, and quantity of the bailed goods, the type of packaging, the number of packages, and the marks;
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二寄託者の氏名又は名称
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(ii)the name of the bailor;
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三保管場所
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(iii)the place of storage;
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四保管料
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(iv)the storage fees;
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五保管期間を定めたときは、その期間
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(v)the storage period, if specified;
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六寄託物を保険に付したときは、保険金額、保険期間及び保険者の氏名又は名称
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(vi)the insured amount, the insurance period, and the name of the insurer, if the bailed goods are covered by insurance; and
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七作成地及び作成の年月日
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(vii)the place and date of preparation of the receipt.
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(帳簿記載義務)
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(Obligation to Keep Books)
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第六百二条倉庫営業者は、倉荷証券を寄託者に交付したときは、その帳簿に次に掲げる事項を記載しなければならない。
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Article 602If a warehouse issues a warehouse receipt to a bailor, the warehouse must enter the following information in its books:
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一前条第一号、第二号及び第四号から第六号までに掲げる事項
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(i)the information set forth in item (i), item (ii), and items (iv) through (vi) of the preceding Article; and
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二倉荷証券の番号及び作成の年月日
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(ii)the number assigned to the warehouse receipt and the date of its preparation.
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(寄託物の分割請求)
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(Request to Divide Bailed Goods)
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第六百三条倉荷証券の所持人は、倉庫営業者に対し、寄託物の分割及びその各部分に対する倉荷証券の交付を請求することができる。この場合において、所持人は、その所持する倉荷証券を倉庫営業者に返還しなければならない。
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Article 603(1)The holder of a warehouse receipt may request a warehouse to divide the bailed goods and issue new warehouse receipts for each of the portions of the goods.In this case, the holder must return the initial warehouse receipt to the warehouse.
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(倉荷証券の不実記載)
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(False Entry in Warehouse Receipts)
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第六百四条倉庫営業者は、倉荷証券の記載が事実と異なることをもって善意の所持人に対抗することができない。
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Article 604A warehouse may not assert the falsity of the information entered in a warehouse receipt against a holder in good faith.
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(寄託物に関する処分)
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(Disposition of Bailed Goods)
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第六百五条倉荷証券が作成されたときは、寄託物に関する処分は、倉荷証券によってしなければならない。
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Article 605If a warehouse receipt has been prepared, its holder must use it to dispose of the bailed goods.
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(倉荷証券の譲渡又は質入れ)
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(Negotiation or Pledging of Warehouse Receipts)
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第六百六条倉荷証券は、記名式であるときであっても、裏書によって、譲渡し、又は質権の目的とすることができる。ただし、倉荷証券に裏書を禁止する旨を記載したときは、この限りでない。
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Article 606Even if a warehouse receipt is issued to a named person, it may be negotiated or pledged by means of indorsement;provided, however, that this does not apply if the receipt indicates that its indorsement is prohibited.
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(倉荷証券の引渡しの効力)
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(Effect of Delivery of Warehouse Receipts)
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第六百七条倉荷証券により寄託物を受け取ることができる者に倉荷証券を引き渡したときは、その引渡しは、寄託物について行使する権利の取得に関しては、寄託物の引渡しと同一の効力を有する。
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Article 607If a warehouse receipt is delivered to a person who is entitled to use it to collect bailed goods, its delivery has the same effect as the delivery of the bailed goods as it concerns the acquisition of rights that are exercised in connection with the bailed goods.
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(倉荷証券の再交付)
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(Reissuance of Warehouse Receipts)
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第六百八条倉荷証券の所持人は、その倉荷証券を喪失したときは、 を供して、その再交付を請求することができる。この場合において、倉庫営業者は、その旨を帳簿に記載しなければならない。
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Article 608If the holder of a warehouse receipt loses that warehouse receipt, they may provide reasonable security and request a reissuance.In this case, the warehouse must make an entry of this in its books.
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(寄託物の点検等)
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(Inspection of Bailed Goods)
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第六百九条寄託者又は倉荷証券の所持人は、倉庫営業者の営業時間内は、いつでも、寄託物の点検若しくはその見本の提供を求め、又はその保存に必要な処分をすることができる。
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Article 609At any time during a warehouse's business hours, the bailor or the holder of a warehouse receipt may ask to inspect bailed goods or to be provided with samples of them, and may take the necessary measures to preserve them.
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(倉庫営業者の責任)
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(Warehouse Liability)
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第六百十条倉庫営業者は、寄託物の保管に関し注意を怠らなかったことを証明しなければ、その滅失又又は損傷につき損害賠償の責任を免れることができない。
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Article 610A warehouse is not entitled to be released from the liability to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss or damage to bailed goods, unless it proves that it did not neglect to exercise due care in storing the goods.
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(保管料等の支払時期)
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(Timing for Payment of Storage Fees and Other Monies)
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第六百十一条倉庫営業者は、寄託物の出庫の時以後でなければ、保管料及び立替金その他寄託物に関する費用(第六百十六条第一項において「保管料等」という。)の支払を請求することができない。ただし、寄託物の一部を出庫するときは、出庫の割合に応じて、その支払を請求することができる。
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Article 611A warehouse may not request payment of storage fees, money advanced, and other such costs associated with the bailed goods (referred to as "storage fees and other monies" in Article 616, paragraph (1)) until at least the time at which the bailed goods leave the warehouse facility;provided, however, that if some of the bailed goods leave the warehouse facility, the warehouse may request payment in proportion to the goods that have left it.
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(寄託物の返還の制限)
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(Restrictions on Return of Bailed Goods)
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第六百十二条当事者が寄託物の保管期間を定めなかったときは、倉庫営業者は、寄託物の入庫の日から六箇月を経過した後でなければ、その返還をすることができない。ただし、やむを得ない事由があるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 612If the parties do not specify a storage period, the warehouse may not return the bailed goods until after six months have passed since the day on which the bailed goods were placed in the warehouse facility;provided, however, that this does not apply if there are compelling reasons.
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(倉荷証券が作成された場合における寄託物の返還請求)
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(Demanding Return of Bailed Goods If Warehouse Receipt Has Been Prepared)
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第六百十三条倉荷証券が作成されたときは、これと引換えでなければ、寄託物の返還を請求することができない。
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Article 613If a warehouse receipt has been prepared, a person may not demand the return of the bailed goods other than in exchange for the receipt.
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(倉荷証券を質入れした場合における寄託物の一部の返還請求)
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(Demanding Partial Return of Bailed Goods If Warehouse Receipt Has Been Pledged)
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第六百十四条倉荷証券を質権の目的とした場合において、質権者の承諾があるときは、寄託者は、当該質権の被担保債権の弁済期前であっても、寄託物の一部の返還を請求することができる。この場合において、倉庫営業者は、返還した寄託物の種類、品質及び数量を倉荷証券に記載し、かつ、その旨を帳簿に記載しなければならない。
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Article 614If a warehouse receipt is pledged, the bailor, with the pledgee's consent, may demand the return of part of the bailed goods even before the claim secured by the pledge becomes due.In this case, the warehouse must enter the type, quality, and quantity of the returned part of the bailed goods on the warehouse receipt, and make an entry of this in its books.
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(寄託物の供託及び競売)
|
(Depositing and Auctioning of Bailed Goods)
|
第六百十五条第五百二十四条第一項及び第二項の規定は、寄託者又は倉荷証券の所持人が寄託物の受領を拒み、又はこれを受領することができない場合について準用する。
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Article 615The provisions of Article 524, paragraphs (1) and (2) apply mutatis mutandis if the bailor or the holder of a warehouse receipt refuses to receive or is unable to receive the bailed goods.
|
(倉庫営業者の責任の消滅)
|
(Extinguishment of Warehouse's Liability)
|
第六百十六条寄託物の損傷又は一部滅失についての倉庫営業者の責任は、寄託者又は倉荷証券の所持人が異議をとどめないで寄託物を受け取り、かつ、保管料等を支払ったときは、消滅する。ただし、寄託物に直ちに発見することができない損傷又は一部滅失があった場合において、寄託者又は倉荷証券の所持人が引渡しの日から二週間以内に倉庫営業者に対してその旨の通知を発したときは、この限りでない。
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Article 616(1)A warehouse ceases to be liable for damage or partial loss of bailed goods if the bailor or the holder of a warehouse receipt receives the bailed goods without raising any objection and pays the storage fees and other monies;provided, however, that this does not apply if the bailed goods contain any damage or partial loss that cannot be immediately discovered and the bailor or the holder of the warehouse receipt issues notice of this to the warehouse within two weeks from the date of delivery.
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(倉庫営業者の責任に係る債権の消滅時効)
|
(Extinctive Prescription of Claims Involving Warehouse's Liability)
|
第六百十七条寄託物の滅失又は損傷についての倉庫営業者の責任に係る債権は、寄託物の出庫の日から一年間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。
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Article 617(1)A claim involving the liability of a warehouse arising from loss or damage to bailed goods is extinguished by prescription if it is not exercised within one year after the date of the removal of the bailed goods from the warehouse facility.
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(2)In the event of a total loss of bailed goods, the period referred to in the preceding paragraph is counted from the day on which the warehouse issued notice of the loss to the holder of the warehouse receipt (or to the bailor if no warehouse receipt is prepared or the holder of the warehouse receipt is unknown).
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第三編 海商
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Part III Maritime Commerce
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第一章 船舶
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Chapter I Ships
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第一節 総則
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Section 1 General Provisions
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(定義)
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(Definition)
|
第六百八十四条この編(第七百四十七条を除く。)において「船舶」とは、商行為をする目的で航海の用に供する船舶(端舟その他ろかいのみをもって運転し、又は主としてろかいをもって運転する舟を除く。)をいう。
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Article 684The term "ship" as used in this Part (excluding Article 747) means a ship that is used in a voyage at sea for the purpose of conducting a commercial act (excluding a ship's tender or a boat steered solely or mainly using oars or paddles).
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(従物の推定等)
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(Presumption of Accessories)
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第六百八十五条船舶の属具目録に記載した物は、その従物と推定する。
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Article 685The objects entered in a ship's inventory of equipment are presumed to be accessories of the ship.
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第二節 船舶の所有
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Section 2 Ownership of Ships
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第一款 総則
|
Subsection 1 General Provisions
|
(船舶の登記等)
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(Registration of Ship)
|
第六百八十六条船舶所有者は、船舶法(明治三十二年法律第四十六号)の定めるところに従い、登記をし、かつ、船舶国籍証書の交付を受けなければならない。
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Article 686(1)A shipowner must register their ship and obtain a certificate of the vessel's nationality pursuant to the provisions of the Ship Act (Act No. 46 of 1899).
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(船舶所有権の移転の対抗要件)
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(Requirements for Perfection of Transfer of Ownership of Ship)
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第六百八十七条船舶所有権の移転は、その登記をし、かつ、船舶国籍証書に記載しなければ、第三者に対抗することができない。
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Article 687The transfer of ownership of a ship may not be asserted against a third party unless it is registered and entered in the certificate of the vessel's nationality.
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(航海中の船舶を譲渡した場合の損益の帰属)
|
(Attribution of Profit and Loss in Case of Transfer of Ship at Sea)
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第六百八十八条航海中の船舶を譲渡したときは、その航海によって生ずる損益は、譲受人に帰属する。
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Article 688If a ship is transferred while it is at sea, profits and losses arising from the voyage are attributed to the transferee.
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(航海中の船舶に対する差押え等の制限)
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(Restriction on Seizure of Ships at Sea)
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第六百八十九条差押え及び仮差押えの執行(仮差押えの登記をする方法によるものを除く。)は、航海中の船舶(停泊中のものを除く。)に対してはすることができない。
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Article 689It is not permissible to carry out a seizure or provisional seizure (other than a provisional seizure by means of registration) of a ship that is at sea (excluding a ship that is at anchor).
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(船舶所有者の責任)
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(Liability of Shipowner)
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第六百九十条船舶所有者は、船長その他の船員がその職務を行うについて故意又は過失によって他人に加えた損害を賠償する責任を負う。
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Article 690A shipowner is liable to compensate for loss or damage that the mariners of the ship, including the master, cause to others intentionally or negligently in the course of performing their duties.
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(社員の持分の売渡しの請求)
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(Demanding That Members Sell Their Shares)
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第六百九十一条持分会社の業務を執行する社員の持分の移転により当該持分会社の所有する船舶が日本の国籍を喪失することとなるときは、他の業務を執行する社員は、相当の対価でその持分を売り渡すことを請求することができる。
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Article 691If a ship owned by a membership company would lose Japanese nationality due to the transfer of the share of a member in charge of executing its business, another member in charge of executing its business may demand that the member in question sell that share to the other member at a reasonable price.
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第二款 船舶の共有
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Subsection 2 Co-ownership of Ships
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(共有に係る船舶の利用)
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(Use of Ships in Co-ownership)
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第六百九十二条船舶共有者の間においては、船舶の利用に関する事項は、各船舶共有者の持分の価格に従い、その過半数で決する。
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Article 692The particulars of the use of a ship are determined among the part owners of the ship by majority, in accordance with the value of the part owners' shares.
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(船舶共有者の持分買取請求)
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(Requesting to Be Bought Out of One's Share as Part Owner of Ship)
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第六百九十四条船舶共有者が次に掲げる事項を決定したときは、その決定について異議のある船舶共有者は、他の船舶共有者に対し、相当の対価で自己の持分を買い取ることを請求することができる。
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Article 694(1)When the part owners of a ship make a decision on the following matters, a part owner objecting to the decision may demand that the other part owners buy out the objecting part owner's share at a reasonable price:
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一新たな航海(船舶共有者の間で予定されていなかったものに限る。)をすること。
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(i)to embark on a new voyage (limited to one that has not been planned among the part owners of the ship); or
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二船舶の大修繕をすること。
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(ii)to make a major repair to the ship.
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(2)A part owner of a ship seeking to make a demand under the provisions of the preceding paragraph must issue notice of this to the other part owners or the ship's husband within three days from the date of the decision referred to in that paragraph (in the case of a part owner who has not participated in the decision-making process, the day on which the part owner is notified of the decision).
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(船舶共有者の第三者に対する責任)
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(Liability of Part Owners of Ship to Third Parties)
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第六百九十五条船舶共有者は、その持分の価格に応じ、船舶の利用について生じた債務を弁済する責任を負う。
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Article 695The part owners of a ship are liable to perform the obligations arising from the use of the ship in proportion to the value of their shares.
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(持分の譲渡)
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(Transfer of Shares)
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第六百九十六条船舶共有者の間に組合契約があるときであっても、各船舶共有者(船舶管理人であるものを除く。)は、他の船舶共有者の承諾を得ないで、その持分の全部又は一部を他人に譲渡することができる。
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Article 696(1)Even if the part owners of a ship have a partnership agreement, each part owner (excluding one that is the ship's husband) may transfer that part owner's share in whole or in part to another person without the consent of the other part owners.
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(船舶管理人)
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(Ship's Husband)
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第六百九十七条船舶共有者は、船舶管理人を選任しなければならない。
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Article 697(1)The part owners of a ship must appoint a ship's husband.
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(船舶管理人の代理権)
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(Ship's Husband's Authority to Act as Agent)
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第六百九十八条船舶管理人は、次に掲げる行為を除き、船舶共有者に代わって船舶の利用に関する一切の裁判上又は裁判外の行為をする権限を有する。
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Article 698(1)A ship's husband has the authority to perform any and all acts in and out of court on behalf of the part owners of the ship in connection with the use of the ship, except for those set forth in the following:
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一船舶を賃貸し、又はこれについて抵当権を設定すること。
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(i)leasing the ship or mortgaging the ship;
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二船舶を保険に付すること。
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(ii)buying insurance for the ship;
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三新たな航海(船舶共有者の間で予定されていなかったものに限る。)をすること。
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(iii)embarking on a new voyage (limited to one that has not been planned among the part owners of the ship);
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四船舶の大修繕をすること。
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(iv)making a major repair to the ship; and
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五借財をすること。
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(v)borrowing money.
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(船舶管理人の義務)
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(Liability of Ship's Husband)
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第六百九十九条船舶管理人は、その職務に関する帳簿を備え、船舶の利用に関する一切の事項を記載しなければならない。
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Article 699(1)A ship's husband must keep books concerning their duties and enter in them all information concerning the use of the ship.
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(船舶共有者の持分の売渡しの請求等)
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(Demanding That Part Owners of Ship Sell Their Shares)
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第七百条船舶共有者の持分の移転又は国籍の喪失により船舶が日本の国籍を喪失することとなるときは、他の船舶共有者は、相当の対価でその持分を売り渡すことを請求し、又は競売に付することができる。
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Article 700If a ship would lose Japanese nationality due to the transfer of the share of a part owner of the ship or due to a part owner's loss of Japanese nationality, another part owner may demand that the part owner in question sell their share to the other part owner at a reasonable price or put the share up for auction.
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第三節 船舶賃貸借
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Section 3 Ship Leasing
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(船舶賃貸借の対抗力)
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(Validity of Ship Leasing Against Third Parties)
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第七百一条船舶の賃貸借は、これを登記したときは、その後その船舶について物権を取得した者に対しても、その効力を生ずる。
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Article 701After the leasing of a ship is registered, it is also valid against a person that later acquires a real right over the ship.
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(船舶の賃借人による修繕)
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(Repairs by Ship's Lessee)
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第七百二条船舶の賃借人であって商行為をする目的でその船舶を航海の用に供しているものは、その船舶を受け取った後にこれに生じた損傷があるときは、その利用に必要な修繕をする義務を負う。ただし、その損傷が賃貸人の責めに帰すべき事由によるものであるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 702A lessee of a ship that uses that ship in a voyage at sea for the purpose of conducting commercial acts bears the obligation to make the repairs needed to enable the use of the ship if the ship incurs any damage after the lessee receives it;provided, however, that this does not apply if the cause of the damage is attributable to the lessor.
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(船舶の賃借人の権利義務等)
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(Rights and Obligations of Ship's Lessee)
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第七百三条前条に規定する船舶の賃借人は、その船舶の利用に関する事項については、第三者に対して、船舶所有者と同一の権利義務を有する。
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Article 703(1)A lessee of a ship has the same rights and obligations as the shipowner toward third parties as it concerns particulars related to the use of the ship.
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(2)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, any statutory lien arising from the use of the ship is also valid against the shipowner;provided, however, that this does not apply if the holder of the statutory lien knows that the manner in which the ship is used by the ship's lessee is in violation of the contract with the shipowner.
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第四節 定期傭船
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Section 4 Time Charter
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(定期傭船契約)
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(Time Charter Contract)
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第七百四条定期傭船契約は、当事者の一方が艤装した船舶に船員を乗り組ませて当該船舶を一定の期間相手方の利用に供することを約し、相手方がこれに対してその傭船料を支払うことを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。
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Article 704A time charter contract becomes effective by virtue of one party promising to man and equip a ship and to allow the other party to use the ship for a specified period, and the other party promising to pay the hire.
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(定期傭船者による指示)
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(Instructions by Time Charterer)
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第七百五条定期傭船者は、船長に対し、航路の決定その他の船舶の利用に関し必要な事項を指示することができる。ただし、発航前の検査その他の航海の安全に関する事項については、この限りでない。
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Article 705A time charterer may give instructions to the master concerning decisions on the ship's route and on other such necessary particulars related to the use of the ship;provided, however, that this does not apply to pre-departure inspections and other such particulars relevant to the safety of the voyage.
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(費用の負担)
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(Bearing of Costs)
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第七百六条船舶の燃料、水先料、入港料その他船舶の利用に関する通常の費用は、定期傭船者の負担とする。
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Article 706Fuel costs, pilotage charges, harbor charges, and any other ordinary costs incurred in connection with the use of a ship are borne by the time charterer.
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(運送及び船舶賃貸借に関する規定の準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Transportation and Ship Leasing)
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第七百七条第五百七十二条、第七百三十九条第一項並びに第七百四十条第一項及び第三項の規定は定期傭船契約に係る船舶により物品を運送する場合について、第七百三条第二項の規定は定期傭船者の船舶の利用について生ずる先取特権について、それぞれ準用する。この場合において、第七百三十九条第一項中「発航の当時」とあるのは、「各航海に係る発航の当時」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 707The provisions of Article 572, Article 739, paragraph (1), and Article 740, paragraphs (1) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis when goods are transported by a ship under a time charter contract, and the provisions of Article 703, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a statutory lien arising from the use of a ship by a time charterer.In this case, the phrase "at the time of departure of the ship" in Article 739, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "at the time of departure of the ship for each voyage".
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第二章 船長
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Chapter II Ships' Master
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(船長の代理権)
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(Master's Authority to Act as Agent)
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第七百八条船長は、船籍港外においては、次に掲げる行為を除き、船舶所有者に代わって航海のために必要な一切の裁判上又は裁判外の行為をする権限を有する。
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Article 708(1)Outside the port of registration, the master has the authority to perform any and all acts in and out of court as are necessary for a voyage on behalf of the shipowner, except for the following acts:
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一船舶について抵当権を設定すること。
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(i)mortgaging the ship; and
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二借財をすること。
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(ii)borrowing money.
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(船長による職務代行者の選任)
|
(Appointment of Proxy by Master)
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第七百九条船長は、やむを得ない事由により自ら船舶を指揮することができない場合には、法令に別段の定めがあるときを除き、自己に代わって船長の職務を行うべき者を選任することができる。この場合において、船長は、船舶所有者に対してその選任についての責任を負う。
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Article 709If the master is unable to command the ship due to a compelling reason, the master may appoint another person to perform the master's duties, unless otherwise provided for by laws and regulations.In this case, the master is responsible to the shipowner for the appointment.
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(属具目録の備置き)
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(Keeping of Equipment Inventory)
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第七百十条船長は、属具目録を船内に備え置かなければならない。
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Article 710The master must keep the equipment inventory on board the ship.
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(船長による積荷の処分)
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(Handling of Cargo by Master)
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第七百十一条船長は、航海中に積荷の利害関係人の利益のため必要があるときは、利害関係人に代わり、最もその利益に適合する方法によって、その積荷の処分をしなければならない。
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Article 711(1)While a ship is at sea, the master must handle cargo on behalf of persons with an interest in the cargo in a way that is in their best interests, when it is necessary to do so in order to benefit their interests.
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(2)If a person with an interest in cargo incurs an obligation in connection with that cargo due to the handling referred to in the preceding paragraph, the interested person may be released from the liability for that obligation by transferring its rights in the cargo to the obligee;provided, however, that this does not apply if there is negligence on the part of the interested person.
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(航海継続のための積荷の使用)
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(Using Cargo to Continue Voyage)
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第七百十二条船長は、航海を継続するため必要があるときは、積荷を航海の用に供に供することができる。
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Article 712(1)The master may use the cargo for a voyage if this is necessary in order to continue the voyage.
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(船長の責任)
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(Liability of Master)
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第七百十三条船長は、海員がその職務を行うについて故意又は過失によって他人に加えた損害を賠償する責任を負う。ただし、船長が海員の監督について注意を怠らなかったことを証明したときは、この限りでない。
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Article 713The master is liable to compensate for loss or damage that the crew members cause to others intentionally or negligently in the course of performing their duties;provided, however, that this does not apply if the master proves that the master did not neglect to exercise due care in supervision of the crew members.
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(船長の報告義務)
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(Master's Duty to Report)
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第七百十四条船長は、遅滞なく、航海に関する重要な事項を船舶所有者に報告しなければならない。
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Article 714The master must report material information about a voyage to the shipowner without delay.
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(船長の解任)
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(Dismissal of Master)
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第七百十五条船舶所有者は、いつでも、船長を解任することができる。
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Article 715(1)A shipowner may dismiss the master at any time.
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第三章 海上物品運送に関する特則
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Chapter III Special Provisions on Marine Transportation of Goods
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第一節 個品運送
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Section 1 Carriage of Goods In General Ship
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(運送品の船積み等)
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(Loading of Goods)
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第七百三十七条運送人は、個品運送契約(個々の運送品を目的とする運送契約をいう。以下この節において同じ。)に基づいて荷送人から運送品を受け取ったときは、その船積み及び積付けをしなければならない。
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Article 737(1)Once a carrier receives goods from a shipper based on a contract for the carriage of goods in a general ship (meaning a transportation contract intended for individual packages of goods; hereinafter the same applies in this Section), the carrier must load the goods onto the ship and stow them.
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(船長に対する必要書類の交付)
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(Delivery of Necessary Documents to Master)
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第七百三十八条荷送人は、船積期間内に、運送に必要な書類を船長に交付しなければならない。
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Article 738A shipper must deliver the documents necessary for transportation to the master within the loading period.
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(航海に堪える能力に関する注意義務)
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(Duty of Care for Seaworthiness)
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第七百三十九条運送人は、発航の当時次に掲げる事項を欠いたことにより生じた運送品の滅失、損傷又は延着について、損害賠償の責任を負う。ただし、運送人がその当時当該事項について注意を怠らなかったことを証明したときは、この限りでない。
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Article 739(1)A carrier is liable to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss of, damage to, or delay in the arrival of goods which is caused by the following things having been done insufficiently as of the time of the ship's departure;provided, however, that this does not apply if the carrier proves that it did not neglect to exercise due care in doing those things as of that time:
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一船舶を航海に堪える状態に置くこと。
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(i)making the ship seaworthy;
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二船員の乗組み、船舶の艤装及び需品の補給を適切に行うこと。
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(ii)properly manning, equipping, and supplying the ship; and
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三船倉、冷蔵室その他運送品を積み込む場所を運送品の受入れ、運送及び保存に適する状態に置くこと。
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(iii)making the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their receipt, carriage and preservation.
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(違法な船積品の陸揚げ等)
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(Discharge of Illegal Goods Loaded Onto Ship)
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第七百四十条法令に違反して又は個品運送契約によらないで船積みがされた運送品については、運送人は、いつでも、これを陸揚げすることができ、船舶又は積荷に危害を及ぼすおそれがあるときは、これを放棄することができる。
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Article 740(1)A carrier, at any time, may discharge goods that have been loaded onto the ship in violation of laws and regulations or not in accordance with a contract for the carriage of goods in a general ship, and may abandon these goods if they are likely to harm the ship or other cargo.
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(荷受人の運送賃支払義務等)
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(Consignee's Obligation to Pay Freight Charges)
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第七百四十一条荷受人は、運送品を受け取ったときは、個品運送契約又は船荷証券の趣旨に従い、運送人に対し、次に掲げる金額の合計額(以下この節において「運送賃等」という。)を支払う義務を負う。
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Article 741(1)Once a consignee receives goods, the consignee bears the obligation to pay the total sum of the following amounts (hereinafter referred to as the "freight charges and other receivables" in this Section) to the carrier, in accordance with the purport of the contract for the carriage of goods in a general ship or bill of lading:
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一運送賃、付随の費用及び立替金の額
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(i)the amount of freight charges, ancillary costs, and money advanced; and
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二運送品の価格に応じて支払うべき救助料の額及び共同海損の分担額
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(ii)the amount of salvage charges and the amount of general average contribution payable in proportion to the value of the goods.
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(運送品の競売)
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(Auction of Goods)
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第七百四十二条運送人は、荷受人に運送品を引き渡した後においても、運送賃等の支払を受けるため、その運送品を競売に付することができる。ただし、第三者がその占有を取得したときは、この限りでない。
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Article 742Even after a carrier delivers goods to a consignee, the carrier may put the goods up for auction in order to receive payment for the freight charges and other receivables;provided, however, that this does not apply if a third party acquires possession of the goods.
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(荷送人による発航前の解除)
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(Cancellation of Contract by Shipper Before Departure of Ship)
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第七百四十三条発航前においては、荷送人は、運送賃の全額を支払って個品運送契約の解除をすることができる。ただし、個品運送契約の解除によって運送人に生ずる損害の額が運送賃の全額を下回るときは、その損害を賠償すれば足りる。
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Article 743(1)Before the departure of a ship, a shipper may cancel a contract for the carriage of goods in a general ship by paying the full amount of freight charges;provided, however, that if the amount of damage caused to a carrier due to the cancellation of a contract for the carriage of goods in a general ship falls below the full amount of freight charges, it is sufficient for the shipper to compensate for that damage.
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(荷送人による発航後の解除)
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(Cancellation of Contract by Shipper After Departure of Ship)
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第七百四十五条発航後においては、荷送人は、他の荷送人及び傭船者の全員の同意を得、かつ、運送賃等及び運送品の陸揚げによって生ずべき損害の額の合計額を支払い、又は相当の担保を供しなければ、個品運送契約の解除をすることができない。
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Article 745After the departure of a ship, a shipper may not cancel a contract for the carriage of goods in a general ship unless the shipper obtains consent from all other shippers and the charterer, and either pays the total sum of the amount of freight charges and other receivables and the amount of damage that will arise from the discharge of goods or provides reasonable security.
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(積荷を航海の用に供した場合の運送賃)
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(Freight Charges If Cargo Is Used for Voyage)
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第七百四十六条運送人は、船長が第七百十二条第一項の規定により積荷を航海の用に供したときにおいても、運送賃の全額を請求することができる。
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Article 746A carrier may claim the full amount of freight charges even if the master uses cargo for the voyage pursuant to the provisions of Article 712, paragraph (1).
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(非航海船による物品運送への準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis to Freight Transportation by Non-Seagoing Vessels)
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第七百四十七条この節の規定は、商行為をする目的で専ら湖川、港湾その他の海以外の水域において航行の用に供する船舶(端舟その他ろかいのみをもって運転し、又は主としてろかいをもって運転する舟を除く。以下この編において「非航海船」という。)によって物品を運送する場合について準用する。
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Article 747The provisions of this Section apply to transportation of goods by ships used exclusively for navigation in water areas other than seas, such as lakes, rivers, ports, and harbors, for the purpose of conducting commercial acts (excluding a ship's tender or a boat steered solely or mainly using oars or paddles; hereinafter referred to as "non-seagoing vessels" in this Part).
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第二節 航海傭船
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Section 2 Voyage Charter
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(運送品の船積み)
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(Loading of Goods)
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第七百四十八条航海傭船契約(船舶の全部又は一部を目的とする運送契約をいう。以下この節において同じ。)に基づいて運送品の船積みのために必要な準備を完了したときは、船長は、遅滞なく、傭船者に対してその旨の通知を発しなければならない。
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Article 748(1)Once the preparations necessary for loading goods onto a ship have been completed based on a voyage charter contract (meaning a transportation contract that covers the whole or part of a ship; hereinafter the same applies in this Section), the master must issue notice of this to the charterer without delay.
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(2)If the period of loading is specified but the time of its commencement is not specified in a voyage charter contract, that period is counted from the day on which the notice referred to in the preceding paragraph is issued.In this case, the period of loading does not include any period during which the loading of goods is impeded due to force majeure.
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(第三者による船積み)
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(Loading by Third Party)
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第七百四十九条船長は、第三者から運送品を受け取るべき場合において、その第三者を確知することができないとき、又はその第三者が運送品の船積みをしないときは、直ちに傭船者に対してその旨の通知を発しなければならない。
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Article 749(1)If the master is to receive goods from a third party but the identity of the third party cannot be ascertained or the third party does not load goods onto the ship, the master must immediately issue notice of this to the charterer.
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(傭船者による発航の請求)
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(Request for Departure of Ship by Charterer)
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第七百五十条傭船者は、運送品の全部の船積みをしていないときであっても、船長に対し、発航の請求をすることができる。
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Article 750(1)A charterer may lodge a request with the master for the ship to depart even if the charterer has not loaded all of the goods onto the ship.
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(2)If a charterer lodges a request as referred to in the preceding paragraph, the charterer bears the duty to pay the carrier the full amount of freight charges and any costs arising from the fact that not all of the goods are loaded onto the ship, and must provide reasonable security for the payment of these costs if requested to do so by the carrier.
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(船長の発航権)
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(Master's Right to Depart)
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第七百五十一条船長は、船積期間が経過した後は、傭船者が運送品の全部の船積みをしていないときであっても、直ちに発航することができる。この場合においては、前条第二項の規定を準用する。
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Article 751After the loading period has passed, the master may immediately cause the ship to depart even if the charterer has not loaded all of the goods onto the ship.In this case, the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis.
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(運送品の陸揚げ)
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(Discharge of Goods)
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第七百五十二条運送品の陸揚げのために必要な準備を完了したときは、船長は、遅滞なく、荷受人に対してその旨の通知を発しなければならない。
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Article 752(1)Once the preparations necessary for discharging goods from a ship have been completed, the master must notify the consignee of this without delay.
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(2)If a voyage charter contract prescribes a discharge period but does not prescribe the time of its commencement, the discharge period is counted from the time at which the consignee is notified as referred to in the preceding paragraph.In this case, the discharge period does not include any period during which the discharge of goods is impeded due to force majeure.
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(全部航海傭船契約の傭船者による発航前の解除)
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(Cancellation of Full Charter Contract by Charterer Before Departure of Ship)
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第七百五十三条発航前においては、全部航海傭船契約(船舶の全部を目的とする航海傭船契約をいう。以下この節において同じ。)の傭船者は、運送賃の全額及び滞船料を支払って全部航海傭船契約の解除をすることができる。ただし、全部航海傭船契約の解除によって運送人に生ずる損害の額が運送賃の全額及び滞船料を下回るときは、その損害を賠償すれば足りる。
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Article 753(1)Before the departure of a ship, a charterer under a full charter contract (meaning a voyage charter contract that covers the whole of a ship; hereinafter the same applies in this Section) may cancel the full charter contract by paying the full amount of freight charges and the charterage;provided, however, that if the amount of damage caused to a carrier due to the cancellation of a full charter contract falls below the full amount of freight charges and the charterage, it is sufficient for the charterer to compensate for the damage.
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(全部航海傭船契約の傭船者による発航後の解除)
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(Cancellation of Full Charter Contract by Charterer after Departure of Ship)
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第七百五十四条発航後においては、全部航海傭船契約の傭船者は、第七百四十五条に規定する合計額及び滞船料を支払い、又は相当の担保を供しなければ、全部航海傭船契約の解除をすることができない。
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Article 754After the departure of a ship, a charterer under a full charter contract may not cancel the full charter contract unless the charterer pays the total sum prescribed in Article 745 and the charterage or provides reasonable security.
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(一部航海傭船契約の解除への準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis to Cancellation of Partial Charter Contract)
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第七百五十五条第七百四十三条、第七百四十五条及び第七百五十三条第三項の規定は、船舶の一部を目的とする航海傭船契約の解除について準用する。この場合において、第七百四十三条第一項中「全額」とあるのは「全額及び滞船料」と、第七百四十五条中「合計額」とあるのは「合計額並びに滞船料」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 755The provisions of Article 743, Article 745, and Article 753, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the termination of a charter contract for chartering part of a ship.In this case, the phrase "full amount of freight charges" in Article 743, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "full amount of freight charges and the charterage", and the phrase "total sum of..." in Article 745 is deemed to be replaced with "total sum of... and the charterage".
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(個品運送契約に関する規定の準用等)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Contracts for Carriage of Goods in General Ships)
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第七百五十六条第七百三十八条から第七百四十二条まで(第七百三十九条第二項を除く。)、第七百四十四条、第七百四十六条及び第七百四十七条の規定は、航海傭船契約について準用する。この場合において、第七百四十一条第一項中「金額」とあるのは「金額及び滞船料」と、第七百四十四条中「前条」とあるのは「第七百五十三条第一項又は第七百五十五条において準用する前条」と、第七百四十七条中「この節」とあるのは「次節」と読み替えるものとする。
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Article 756(1)The provisions of Articles 738 through 742 (excluding Article 739, paragraph (2)), 744, 746. And 747 apply mutatis mutandis to a voyage charter contract. In this case, the term "amounts" in Article 741, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "amounts and the charterage", the phrase "the preceding Article" in Article 744 is deemed to be replaced with "the preceding Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 753, paragraph (1) or Article 755", and the phrase "this Section" in Article 747 is deemed to be replaced with "the following Section".
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(2)A carrier may not assert against the holder of a bill of lading any special agreement under which a carrier is subject to a release from or reduction in the liability to compensate for loss or damage under the provisions of Article 739, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph.
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第三節 船荷証券等
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Section 3 Bills of Lading
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(船荷証券の交付義務)
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(Obligation to Issue Bill of Lading)
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第七百五十七条運送人又は船長は、荷送人又は傭船者の請求により、運送品の船積み後遅滞なく、船積みがあった旨を記載した船荷証券(以下この節において「船積船荷証券」という。)の一通又は数通を交付しなければならない。運送品の船積み前においても、その受取後は、荷送人又は傭船者の請求により、受取があった旨を記載した船荷証券(以下この節において「受取船荷証券」という。)の一通又は数通を交付しなければならない。
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Article 757(1)At the request of a shipper or charterer, a carrier or master, without delay after the loading of goods, must issue one or more copies of a bill of lading stating that the goods have been loaded (hereinafter referred to as a "bill of lading for loaded goods" in this Section). Even before the loading of goods, at the request of a shipper or charterer, a carrier or master, after receiving the goods, must issue one or more copies of bill of lading stating that the goods have been received (hereinafter referred to as a "bill of lading for goods received" in this Section).
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(船荷証券の記載事項)
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(Information Contained in Bill of Lading)
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第七百五十八条船荷証券には、次に掲げる事項(受取船荷証券にあっては、第七号及び第八号に掲げる事項を除く。)を記載し、運送人又は船長がこれに署名し、又は記名押印しなければならない。
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Article 758(1)A bill of lading must contain the following information (excluding, for a bill of lading for goods received, the information set forth in items (vii) and (viii)), and bear the signature or the name and seal of the carrier or master:
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一運送品の種類
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(i)the type of goods;
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二運送品の容積若しくは重量又は包若しくは個品の数及び運送品の記号
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(ii)the volume or weight of the goods or the number of packages or items, and the marks of the goods;
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三外部から認められる運送品の状態
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(iii)how the goods appear from the outside;
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四荷送人又は傭船者の氏名又は名称
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(iv)the name of the shipper or charterer;
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五荷受人の氏名又は名称
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(v)the name of the consignee;
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六運送人の氏名又は名称
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(vi)the name of the carrier;
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七船舶の名称
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(vii)the name of the ship;
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八船積港及び船積みの年月日
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(viii)the port and date of loading;
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九陸揚港
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(ix)the port of discharge;
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十運送賃
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(x)the freight charges;
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十一数通の船荷証券を作成したときは、その数
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(xi)the number of copies of the bill of lading there are, if more than one has been prepared; and
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十二作成地及び作成の年月日
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(xii)the place and date of preparation of its preparation.
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(2)If a request is made to issue a bill of lading for loaded goods in exchange for a bill of lading for goods received, a carrier or master, in lieu of preparing a bill of lading for loaded goods, may enter an indication in the bill of lading for goods received that goods have been loaded, and affix their signature or name and seal to it.In this case, the information set forth in items (vii) and (viii) of the preceding paragraph must be entered in the bill of lading for goods received.
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(荷送人又は傭船者の通知)
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(Notice by Shipper or Charterer)
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第七百五十九条前条第一項第一号及び第二号に掲げる事項は、その事項につき荷送人又は傭船者の書面又は電磁的方法による通知があったときは、その通知に従って記載しなければならない。
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Article 759(1)If the shipper or charterer has notified the relevant person of the information set forth in paragraph (1), items (i) and (ii) of the preceding Article in writing or by electronic or magnetic means, that information must be entered in the bill of lading according to that notice.
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(2)The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the notice referred to in that paragraph is incorrect, or if there is no appropriate way to confirm the correctness of the notice. The same applies if the marks of the goods have not been made on the goods or their containers or packages in a way that will keep them legible up until the end of the voyage.
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(船荷証券の不実記載)
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(False Entry in Bill of Lading)
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第七百六十条運送人は、船荷証券の記載が事実と異なることをもって善意の所持人に対抗することができない。
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Article 760A carrier may not assert the falsity of the information entered in a bill of lading against a holder in good faith.
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(運送品に関する処分)
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(Disposition of Goods)
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第七百六十一条船荷証券が作成されたときは、運送品に関する処分は、船荷証券によってしなければならない。
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Article 761If a bill of lading has been prepared, its holder must use it to dispose of the goods.
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(船荷証券の譲渡又は質入れ)
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(Negotiation or Pledging of Bills of Lading)
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第七百六十二条船荷証券は、記名式であるときであっても、裏書によって、譲渡し、又は質権の目的とすることができる。ただし、船荷証券に裏書を禁止する旨を記載したときは、この限りでない。
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Article 762Even if a bill of lading is issued to a named person, it may be negotiated or pledged by means of indorsement;provided, however, that this does not apply if the bill of lading indicates that its indorsement is prohibited.
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(船荷証券の引渡しの効力)
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(Effect of Delivery of Bills of Lading)
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第七百六十三条船荷証券により運送品を受け取ることができる者に船荷証券を引き渡したときは、その引渡しは、運送品について行使する権利の取得に関しては、運送品の引渡しと同一の効力を有する。
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Article 763If a bill of lading is delivered to a person who is entitled to use it to collect the goods, its delivery has the same effect as the delivery of the goods as it concerns the acquisition of rights that are exercised in connection with the goods.
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(運送品の引渡請求)
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(Demanding Delivery of Goods)
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第七百六十四条船荷証券が作成されたときは、これと引換えでなければ、運送品の引渡しを請求することができない。
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Article 764If a bill of lading has been prepared, a person may not demand the delivery of goods other than in exchange for the bill of lading.
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(数通の船荷証券を作成した場合における運送品の引渡し)
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(Delivering Goods When Multiple Copies of Bill of Lading Have Been Prepared)
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第七百六十五条陸揚港においては、運送人は、数通の船荷証券のうち一通の所持人が運送品の引渡しを請求したときであっても、その引渡しを拒むことができない。
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Article 765(1)At the port of discharge, the carrier may not refuse to deliver goods even if the holder of only one of multiple copies of the bill of lading demands delivery.
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(二人以上の船荷証券の所持人から請求を受けた場合の供託)
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(Depositing Goods If Delivery Is Demanded by Two or More Persons Holding Copies of Bills of Lading)
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第七百六十七条二人以上の船荷証券の所持人が運送品の引渡しを請求したときは、運送人は、その運送品を供託することができる。運送人が第七百六十五条第一項の規定により運送品の一部を引き渡した後に他の所持人が運送品の引渡しを請求したときにおけるその運送品の残部についても、同様とする。
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Article 767(1)If two or more persons holding copies of bills of lading demand the delivery of goods, the carrier may deposit the goods with an official depository. The same applies to the part of the goods that remains if the carrier delivers part of the goods pursuant to the provisions of Article 765, paragraph (1) to one of the holders and then another holder demands delivery of the goods.
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(船荷証券が作成された場合の特則)
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(Special Provisions for Cases In Which Bills of Lading Have Been Prepared)
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第七百六十八条船荷証券が作成された場合における前編第八章第二節の規定の適用については、第五百八十条中「荷送人」とあるのは、「船荷証券の所持人」とし、第五百八十一条、第五百八十二条第二項及び第五百八十七条ただし書の規定は、適用しない。
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Article 768To apply the provisions of Chapter VIII, Section 2 of the preceding Part to a case in which a bill of lading has been prepared, the term "shipper" in Article 580 is deemed to be replaced with "holder of a bill of lading" and the provisions of Article 581, Article 582, paragraph (2), and the proviso to Article 587 do not apply.
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(複合運送証券)
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(Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading)
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第七百六十九条運送人又は船長は、陸上運送及び海上運送を一の契約で引き受けたときは、荷送人の請求により、運送品の船積み後遅滞なく、船積みがあった旨を記載した複合運送証券の一通又は数通を交付しなければならない。運送品の船積み前においても、その受取後は、荷送人の請求により、受取があった旨を記載した複合運送証券の一通又は数通を交付しなければならない。
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Article 769(1)If a carrier or master undertakes land transportation and marine transportation under a single contract, they must, at the request of a shipper and without delay after the loading of goods, issue one or more copies of a multimodal transport bill of lading stating that goods have been loaded. Even before the loading of goods, at the request of a shipper, the carrier or master must, after receiving the goods, issue one or more copies of a multimodal transport bill of lading stating that the goods have been received.
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(2)The provisions of Article 757, paragraph (2), and Article 758 through the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to a multimodal transport bill of lading. In this case, the phrase "(excluding...)" in Article 758, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "(excluding...), as well as the place of shipment and the destination".
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第四節 海上運送状
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Section 4 Sea Waybills
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Article 770(1)At the request of a shipper or charterer, a carrier or master, without delay after the loading of goods, must issue one or more copies of a sea waybill stating that goods have been loaded. Even before the loading of goods, at the request of a shipper or charterer, the carrier or master, after receiving the goods, must issue one or more copies of a sea waybill stating that the goods have been received.
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一第七百五十八条第一項各号(第十一号を除く。)に掲げる事項(運送品の受取があった旨を記載した海上運送状にあっては、同項第七号及び第八号に掲げる事項を除く。)
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(i)the information set forth in the items of Article 758, paragraph (1) (excluding, in the case of a sea waybill stating that goods have been received, the information set forth in items (vii) and (viii) of that paragraph); and
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二数通の海上運送状を作成したときは、その数
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(ii)the number of copies of the sea waybill there are, if more than one has been prepared.
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(3)In lieu of issuing a sea waybill, a carrier or master as referred to in paragraph (1) may provide the shipper or charterer with the information that is required to be contained in a sea waybill by electronic or magnetic means, with the shipper's or charterer's consent and pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order. In such a case, the carrier or master is deemed to have issued a sea waybill.
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第四章 船舶の衝突
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Chapter IV Collision of Ships
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(船舶所有者間の責任の分担)
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(Sharing of Liability among Part Owners of Ship)
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第七百八十八条船舶と他の船舶との衝突(次条において「船舶の衝突」という。)に係る事故が生じた場合において、衝突したいずれの船舶についてもその船舶所有者又は船員に過失があったときは、裁判所は、これらの過失の軽重を考慮して、各船舶所有者について、その衝突による損害賠償の責任及びその額を定める。この場合において、過失の軽重を定めることができないときは、損害賠償の責任及びその額は、各船舶所有者が等しい割合で負担する。
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Article 788In the event of an accident caused by a collision of two ships (referred to as a "collision of ships" in the following Article), if there is negligence on the part of the shipowners or mariners of both ships, the court determines the liability of each shipowner to compensate for loss or damage arising from the collision and the amount of compensation in consideration of which ship was more seriously negligent. In such a case, if it is impossible to determine which ship was more seriously negligent, both shipowners are equally liable to compensate for loss or damage and bear the amount of compensation equally.
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(船舶の衝突による損害賠償請求権の消滅時効)
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(Extinctive Prescription of Claims to Compensation for Loss or Damage Arising from Collision of Ships)
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第七百八十九条船舶の衝突を原因とする不法行為による損害賠償請求権(財産権が侵害されたことによるものに限る。)は、不法行為の時から二年間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。
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Article 789A claim for compensation for loss or damage arising from a tortious act occasioned by a collision of ships (limited to one arising from violation of property rights) is extinguished by prescription if it is not exercised within two years from the time of the tortious act.
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(準衝突)
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(Constructive Collision)
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第七百九十条前二条の規定は、船舶がその航行若しくは船舶の取扱いに関する行為又は船舶に関する法令に違反する行為により他の船舶に著しく接近し、当該他の船舶又は当該他の船舶内にある人若しくは物に損害を加えた事故について準用する。
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Article 790The provisions of the preceding two Articles apply mutatis mutandis to an accident in which a ship has come extremely close to another ship due to an act relating to the former ship's navigation or handling, and has damaged the latter ship or people or objects on the latter ship.
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(非航海船との衝突等への準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis to Collisions with Non-Seagoing Vessels)
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第七百九十一条前三条の規定は、船舶と非航海船との事故について準用する。
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Article 791The provisions of the preceding three Articles apply mutatis mutandis to an accident between a ship and a non-seagoing vessel.
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第五章 海難救助
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Chapter V Marine Salvage
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(救助料の支払の請求等)
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(Demand for Payment of Salvage Charges)
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第七百九十二条船舶又は積荷その他の船舶内にある物(以下この編において「積荷等」という。)の全部又は一部が海難に遭遇した場合において、これを救助した者があるときは、その者(以下この章において「救助者」という。)は、契約に基づかないで救助したときであっても、その結果に対して救助料の支払を請求することができる。
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Article 792(1)If all or part of a ship or the cargo and other such objects on a ship (hereinafter referred to as "cargo and other such objects" in this Part) are involved in a marine accident, a person that salvages these (hereinafter referred to as a "salvor" in this Chapter) may claim reasonable salvage charges commensurate with the results of the salvage even if there is no contractual basis for the salvor to salvage them.
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(救助料の額)
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(Amount of Salvage Charges)
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第七百九十三条救助料につき特約がない場合において、その額につき争いがあるときは、裁判所は、危険の程度、救助の結果、救助のために要した労力及び費用(海洋の汚染の防止又は軽減のためのものを含む。)その他一切の事情を考慮して、これを定める。
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Article 793If there is no special agreement on salvage charges and a dispute arises over their amount, the court determines the amount of salvage charges in consideration of the degree of risk, the results of the salvage, the labor and costs incurred in the salvage (including those incurred for prevention or mitigation of marine pollution), and all other circumstances.
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(救助料の増減の請求)
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(Demand to Increase or Reduce Salvage Charges)
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第七百九十四条海難に際し契約で救助料を定めた場合において、その額が著しく不相当であるときは、当事者は、その増減を請求することができる。この場合においては、前条の規定を準用する。
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Article 794If the salvage charges for a marine accident are specified by a contract but their amount turns out to be extremely unreasonable, a party to the contract may demand an increase or reduction of that amount. The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis in such a case.
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(救助料の上限額)
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(Maximum Amount of Salvage Charges)
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第七百九十五条救助料の額は、特約がないときは、救助された物の価額(救助された積荷の運送賃の額を含む。)の合計額を超えることができない。
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Article 795Unless there is any special agreement to the contrary, the amount of salvage charges may not exceed the total value of the property salvaged (including the amount of freight charges for the cargo salvaged).
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(救助料の割合等)
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(Proportion of Salvage Charges)
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第七百九十六条数人が共同して救助した場合において、各救助者に支払うべき救助料の割合については、第七百九十三条の規定を準用する。
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Article 796(1)If two or more persons carry out a salvage, the provisions of Article 793 apply mutatis mutandis to the proportion of the salvage charges to be paid to each salvor.
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(救助料の割合の案)
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(Proposing Proportions of Salvage Charges)
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第七百九十八条船舶所有者が前条第四項の規定により救助料の割合を決定するには、航海を終了するまでにその案を作成し、これを船員に示さなければならない。
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Article 798To determine the proportions of salvage charges pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) of the preceding Article, the shipowner must prepare a proposal of the proportions and present it to the mariners by the end of the voyage.
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(救助料を請求することができない場合)
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(Cases in Which Salvage Charges May Not Be Claimed)
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第八百一条次に掲げる場合には、救助者は、救助料を請求することができない。
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Article 801In the following cases, a salvor may not claim salvage charges:
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一故意に海難を発生させたとき。
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(i)the salvor caused the marine accident intentionally; or
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二正当な事由により救助を拒まれたにもかかわらず、救助したとき。
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(ii)the salvor carries out a salvage despite having been turned away for legitimate reasons.
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(積荷等についての先取特権)
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(Statutory Lien on Cargo and Other Such Objects)
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第八百二条救助料に係る債権を有する者は、救助された積荷等について先取特権を有する。
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Article 802(1)A person that holds a claim for salvage charges holds a statutory lien on cargo and other such objects that have been salvaged.
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(救助料の支払等に係る船長の権限)
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(Master's Authority to Pay Salvage Charges)
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第八百三条救助された船舶の船長は、救助料の債務者に代わってその支払に関する一切の裁判上又は裁判外の行為をする権限を有する。
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Article 803(1)A master of a salvaged ship has the authority to perform any and all acts in and out of court in connection with the payment of salvage charges on behalf of the obligor of the salvage charges.
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(積荷等の所有者の責任)
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(Liability of Owner of Cargo and Other Such Objects)
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第八百四条積荷等の全部又は一部が救助されたときは、当該積荷等の所有者は、当該積荷等をもって救助料に係る債務を弁済する責任を負う。
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Article 804If all or part of a ship's cargo and other such objects are salvaged, their owner is liable to use them to perform obligations related to the salvage charges.
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(特別補償料)
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(Special Compensation)
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第八百五条海難に遭遇した船舶から排出された油その他の物により海洋が汚染され、当該汚染が広範囲の沿岸海域において海洋環境の保全に著しい障害を及ぼし、若しくは人の健康を害し、又はこれらの障害を及ぼすおそれがある場合において、当該船舶の救助に従事した者が当該障害の防止又は軽減のための措置をとったときは、その者(以下この条において「汚染対処船舶救助従事者」という。)は、特約があるときを除き、船舶所有者に対し、特別補償料の支払を請求することができる。
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Article 805(1)If substances such as oil discharged from a ship involved in a marine accident cause pollution of the sea, and that pollution causes considerable harm to the conservation of the marine environment in a wide range of coastal seas, harms human health, or is likely to cause such harm, and a person engaged in the salvage of that ship takes measures to prevent or mitigate the harm, the person (hereinafter referred to as a "salvor engaged in antipollution measures" in this Article) may claim payment of special compensation against the shipowner, unless there is any special agreement to the contrary.
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(3)If a salvor engaged in antipollution measures prevents or mitigates the damage prescribed in paragraph (1), the court determines the amount of special compensation, at the request of a party, within the range between an amount equivalent to the costs prescribed in the preceding paragraph and the amount calculated by adding 30 percent of that amount (or 100 percent of that amount if there are special circumstances such as that amount is extremely insufficient as compared to the results of the prevention or mitigation of the damage) to that amount.In this case, the provisions of Article 793 apply mutatis mutandis.
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(救助料に係る債権等の消滅時効)
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(Extinctive Prescription of Claims for Salvage Charges)
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第八百六条救助料又は特別補償料に係る債権は、救助の作業が終了した時から二年間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。
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Article 806A claim for salvage charges or special compensation is extinguished by prescription if it is not exercised in the two years after the salvage operations are completed.
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(非航海船の救助への準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis to Salvage of Non-Seagoing Vessels)
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第八百七条この章の規定は、非航海船又は非航海船内にある積荷その他の物を救助する場合について準用する。
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Article 807The provisions of this Chapter apply mutatis mutandis to the salvage of a non-seagoing vessel and to cargo and other objects on a non-seagoing vessel.
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第六章 共同海損
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Chapter VI General Average
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(共同海損の成立)
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(Establishment of General Average)
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第八百八条船舶及び積荷等に対する共同の危険を避けるために船舶又は積荷等について処分がされたときは、当該処分(以下この章において「共同危険回避処分」という。)によって生じた損害及び費用は、共同海損とする。
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Article 808(1)If any measures are taken to handle a ship or its cargo and other such objects in order to avoid a common danger to the ship and its cargo and other such objects, damage and costs arising from these measures (hereinafter referred to as "measures to avoid a common danger" in this Chapter) constitute a general average.
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(共同海損となる損害又は費用)
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(Damage or Costs Constituting General Average)
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第八百九条共同海損となる損害の額は、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、当該各号に定める額によって算定する。ただし、第二号及び第四号に定める額については、積荷の滅失又は損傷のために支払うことを要しなくなった一切の費用の額を控除するものとする。
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Article 809(1)The amount of damage that constitutes a general average is calculated on the basis of the amounts specified in the following items according to the categories set forth in the respective items;provided, however, that the amount of any and all costs that are no longer required to be paid because cargo has been lost or damaged are deducted from the amounts set forth in items (ii) and (iv):
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一船舶到達の地及び時における当該船舶の価格
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(i)ship:the price of the ship at the place and time of arrival;
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二積荷陸揚げの地及び時における当該積荷の価格
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(ii)cargo:the price of the cargo at the place and time of discharge;
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三積荷以外の船舶内にある物到達の地及び時における当該物の価格
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(iii)objects on the ship other than the cargo:the price of the objects at the time and place of arrival; and
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四運送賃陸揚げの地及び時において請求することができる運送賃の額
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(iv)freight charges:the amount of freight charges claimable at the place and time of discharge.
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(2)If a value that is lower than the real value of the cargo is entered in a bill of lading or any other document by which the price of the cargo can be evaluated (hereinafter referred to as a "price evaluation document" in this Chapter), the amount of damage caused to the cargo is determined on the basis of the value entered in the price valuation document. The same applies if any false entry is made in a price valuation document with regard to a particular that may affect the price of the cargo, and the value of the cargo to be evaluated on the basis of the false entry would be lower than the real value thereof.
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一次に掲げる物に加えた損害。ただし、次のハに掲げる物にあっては第五百七十七条第二項第一号に掲げる場合を、次のニに掲げる物にあっては甲板積みをする商慣習がある場合を除く。
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(i)damage caused to the following objects;provided, however, that for objects as set forth in (c) below, this excludes a case as set forth in Article 577, paragraph (2), item (i), and for objects as set forth in (d) below, this excludes cases in which it is consistent with commercial custom for those goods to be loaded above deck:
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イ船舶所有者に無断で船積みがされた積荷
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(a)cargo that has been loaded onto the ship without the permission of the shipowner;
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ロ船積みに際して故意に虚偽の申告がされた積荷
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(b)cargo for which an intentional false declaration has been made at the time of loading;
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ハ高価品である積荷であって、荷送人又は傭船者が運送を委託するに当たりその種類及び価額を通知していないもの
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(c)cargo constituting valuables, of whose type and value the shipper or charterer has not notified the carrier upon entrusting the carrier with their transportation;
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ニ甲板上の積荷
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(d)above-deck cargo; and
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ホ属具目録に記載がない属具
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(e)equipment not entered in the equipment inventory; and
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二特別補償料
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(ii)special compensation.
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(共同海損の分担額)
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(Amount of General Average Contribution)
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第八百十条共同海損は、次の各号に掲げる者(船員及び旅客を除く。)が当該各号に定める額の割合に応じて分担する。
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Article 810(1)A general average is shared among the persons set forth in the following items (excluding the mariners and passengers) in the proportions specified in those items:
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一船舶の利害関係人到達の地及び時における当該船舶の価格
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(i)persons with an interest in the ship:the price of the ship at the place and time of arrival;
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二積荷の利害関係人 次のイに掲げる額から次のロに掲げる額を控除した額
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(ii)persons with an interest in the cargo: the amount arrived at when the amount set forth in (b) below is deducted from the amount set forth in (a) below:
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イ陸揚げの地及び時における当該積荷の価格
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(a)the price of the cargo at the place and time of discharge; and
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ロ共同危険回避処分の時においてイに規定する積荷の全部が滅失したとした場合に当該積荷の利害関係人が支払うことを要しないこととなる運送賃その他の費用の額
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(b)freight charges and other such costs that persons with an interest in the cargo would not have been required to pay if all of the cargo provided for in (a) had been lost at the time of the measures to avoid a common danger;
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三積荷以外の船舶内にある物(船舶に備え付けた武器を除く。)の利害関係人到達の地及び時における当該物の価格
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(iii)persons with an interest in objects on the ship other than the cargo (excluding weapons mounted on the ship):the value of the objects at the place and time of arrival; and
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四運送人 次のイに掲げる額から次のロに掲げる額を控除した額
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(iv)the carrier: the amount arrived at when the amount set forth in (b) below is deducted from the amount set forth in (a) below:
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イ第二号ロに規定する運送賃のうち、陸揚げの地及び時において現に存する債権の額
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(a)the amount constituting the part of the claim actually existing at the place and time of discharge for the freight charges provided for in item (ii)(b); and
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ロ船員の給料その他の航海に必要な費用(共同海損となる費用を除く。)のうち、共同危険回避処分の時に船舶及び第二号イに規定する積荷の全部が滅失したとした場合に運送人が支払うことを要しないこととなる額
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(b)the amount constituting the part of the mariners' salaries and other necessary costs of the voyage (excluding costs that constitute a general average) that the carrier would not have been required to pay if the ship and all of the cargo prescribed in item (ii)(a) had been lost at the time of the measures to avoid a common danger.
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(2)If any necessary costs or beneficial costs have been paid out for a ship or its cargo and other such objects after the implementation of the measures to avoid a common danger and before the arrival of the ship or discharge of the cargo and other such objects, the amounts specified in items (i) through (iii) of the preceding paragraph for the ship the cargo and other such objects are calculated by deducting the amount of the costs that have been paid (excluding costs that constitute a general average).
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(3)If a person provided for in paragraph (1) incurs loss or damage to their property due to the measures to avoid a common danger, the amount set forth in the items of that paragraph for that person is calculated by adding the amount of the loss or damage incurred (limited, if the person pays any necessary costs or beneficial costs prescribed in the preceding paragraph for that property, to the amount paid in excess of the amount of those costs (excluding costs that constitute a general average)).
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(4)If a value that exceeds the real value of cargo is entered in a price evaluation document, a person with an interest in the cargo shares a general average in proportion to the value entered in the price evaluation document. The same applies if any false entry is made in a price valuation document with regard to a matter that may affect the price of the cargo, and the value of the cargo to be evaluated on the basis of the false entry would be higher than its real value.
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(共同海損を分担すべき者の責任)
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(Liability of Persons Required to Share General Average)
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第八百十一条前条の規定により共同海損を分担すべき者は、船舶の到達(同条第一項第二号又は第四号に掲げる者にあっては、積荷の陸揚げ)の時に現存する価額の限度においてのみ、その責任を負う。
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Article 811Persons that are required to share a general average pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article are liable to do so only up to the value that actually exists at the time of the arrival of the ship (or the time of discharge of the cargo, in the case of the person set forth in paragraph (1), item (ii) or item (iv) of that Article).
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(共同海損の分担に基づく債権の消滅時効)
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(Extinctive Prescription of Claims Based on Sharing of General Average)
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第八百十二条共同海損の分担に基づく債権は、その計算が終了した時から一年間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。
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Article 812A claim based on the sharing of a general average is extinguished by prescription if it is not exercised in the one year after its calculation is completed.
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第七章 海上保険
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Chapter VII Marine Insurance
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(定義等)
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(Definitions)
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第八百十五条この章において「海上保険契約」とは、損害保険契約のうち、保険者(営業として保険の引受けを行うものに限る。以下この章において同じ。)が航海に関する事故によって生ずることのある損害を填補することを約するものをいう。
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Article 815(1)The term "marine insurance policy" as used in this Chapter means a non-life insurance policy under which the insurer (limited to a person that underwrites insurance as a business; hereinafter the same applies in this Chapter) promises to provide compensation for loss or damage arising from an accident relating to a voyage.
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(2)Unless otherwise provided for in this Chapter, the provisions of Chapter II, Sections 1 through 4 and 6, and Chapter V of the Insurance Act (Act No. 56 of 2008) apply to marine insurance policies.
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(保険者の填補責任)
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(Insurer's Liability to Compensate)
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第八百十六条保険者は、この章又は海上保険契約に別段の定めがある場合を除き、保険の目的について、保険期間内に発生した航海に関する事故によって生じた一切の損害を填補する責任を負う。
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Article 816Unless otherwise provided for in this Chapter or in a marine insurance policy, an insurer is liable to compensate the relevant person for any and all loss or damage arising from accidents relating to voyages that occur to the insured property during the insurance period.
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(2)The provisions of Article 19 of the Insurance Act apply mutatis mutandis to the amount prescribed in the preceding paragraph.In this case, the phrase "amount of damage to be compensated for" in that Article is deemed to be replaced with "amount prescribed in Article 817, paragraph (1) of the Commercial Code (Act No. 48 of 1899)".
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(船舶保険の保険価額)
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(Insured Value Under Ship Insurance)
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第八百十八条船舶を保険の目的物とする海上保険契約(以下この章において「船舶保険契約」という。)については、保険期間の始期における当該船舶の価額を保険価額とする。
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Article 818Under a marine insurance policy that covers a ship as the insured property (hereinafter referred to as a "ship insurance policy" in this Chapter), the value of the ship at the time of commencement of the insurance period constitutes the insured value.
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(貨物保険の保険価額)
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(Insured Value Under Cargo Insurance)
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第八百十九条貨物を保険の目的物とする海上保険契約(以下この章において「貨物保険契約」という。)については、その船積みがされた地及び時における当該貨物の価額、運送賃並びに保険に関する費用の合計額を保険価額とする。
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Article 819Under a marine insurance policy that covers cargo as the insured property (hereinafter referred to as a "cargo insurance policy" in this Chapter), the total sum of the value of the cargo at the place and time of loading, the freight charges, and the costs for insurance constitutes the insured value.
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(告知義務)
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(Obligation of Disclosure)
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第八百二十条保険契約者又は被保険者になる者は、海上保険契約の締結に際し、海上保険契約により填補することとされる損害の発生の可能性(以下この章において「危険」という。)に関する重要な事項について、事実の告知をしなければならない。
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Article 820When entering into a marine insurance policy, the prospective policyholder or insured must disclose the facts of any material particulars related to the possibility that any loss or damage that would be compensated for pursuant to the marine insurance policy will occur (hereinafter referred to as the "risk" in this Chapter).
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(契約締結時に交付すべき書面の記載事項)
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(Information Contained in Documents to Be Delivered upon Conclusion of Policy)
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第八百二十一条保険者が海上保険契約を締結した場合においては、保険法第六条第一項に規定する書面には、同項各号に掲げる事項のほか、次の各号に掲げる場合の区分に応じ、当該各号に定める事項を記載しなければならない。
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Article 821If an insurer enters into a marine insurance policy, it must include the information specified in the following items for the categories set forth in those items in the document prescribed in Article 6, paragraph (1) of the Insurance Act, in addition to the information set forth in the items of that paragraph:
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一船舶保険契約を締結した場合船舶の名称、国籍、種類、船質、総トン数、建造の年及び航行区域(一の航海について船舶保険契約を締結した場合にあっては、発航港及び到達港(寄航港の定めがあるときは、その港を含む。))並びに船舶所有者の氏名又は名称
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(i)if it enters into a ship insurance policy:the name, nationality, type, materials, total tonnage, year of construction, and navigation area (if a ship insurance policy is concluded for a single voyage, the port of departure and the port of arrival (including a port of call, if any is specified) of the ship, as well as the name of the shipowner; and
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二貨物保険契約を締結した場合船舶の名称並びに貨物の発送地、船積港、陸揚港及び到達地
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(ii)if it enters into a cargo insurance policy:the name of the ship, as well as the place of shipment, the port of loading, the port of discharge, and the destination of the cargo.
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(航海の変更)
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(Change of Voyage)
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第八百二十二条保険期間の始期の到来前に航海の変更をしたときは、海上保険契約は、その効力を失う。
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Article 822(1)If there is a change to a voyage before the commencement of the insurance period, the marine insurance policy ceases to be valid.
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(2)If there is a change to a voyage during the insurance period, the insurer is not liable to compensate the relevant person for loss or damage arising from any accident that occurs after the change;provided, however, that this does not apply if the change is due to reasons not attributable to the policyholder or the insured.
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(著しい危険の増加)
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(Significant Increase of Risk)
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第八百二十三条次に掲げる場合には、保険者は、その事実が生じた時以後に発生した事故によって生じた損害を填補する責任を負わない。ただし、当該事実が当該事故の発生に影響を及ぼさなかったとき、又は保険契約者若しくは被保険者の責めに帰することができない事由によるものであるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 823In the following cases, an insurer is not liable to compensate for loss or damage arising from any accident that occurs after the relevant fact arises;provided, however, that this does not apply if the fact has no influence on the occurrence of the accident or the fact is due to reasons not attributable to the policyholder or the insured:
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一被保険者が発航又は航海の継続を怠ったとき。
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(i)the insured has neglected to cause the ship to depart or continue the voyage;
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二被保険者が航路を変更したとき。
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(ii)the insured has changed the route; or
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三前二号に掲げるもののほか、保険契約者又は被保険者が危険を著しく増加させたとき。
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(iii)beyond what is set forth in the preceding two items, the policyholder or the insured has significantly increased the risk.
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(船舶の変更)
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(Change of Ship)
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第八百二十四条貨物保険契約で定める船舶を変更したときは、保険者は、その変更以後に発生した事故によって生じた損害を填補する責任を負わない。ただし、その変更が保険契約者又は被保険者の責めに帰することができない事由によるものであるときは、この限りでない。
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Article 824If there is a change to a ship specified in a cargo insurance policy, the insurer is not liable to compensate the relevant person for loss or damage arising from any accident that occurs after the change;provided, however, that this does not apply if the change is due to reasons not attributable to the policyholder or the insured.
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(予定保険)
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(Provisional Insurance)
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第八百二十五条貨物保険契約において、保険期間、保険金額、保険の目的物、約定保険価額、保険料若しくはその支払の方法、船舶の名称又は貨物の発送地、船積港、陸揚港若しくは到達地(以下この条において「保険期間等」という。)につきその決定の方法を定めたときは、保険法第六条第一項に規定する書面には、保険期間等を記載することを要しない。
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Article 825(1)If a cargo insurance policy specifies how the insurance period, the insured amount, the insured property, the agreed insured value, the insurance premiums or the payment method thereof, the name of the ship, or the place of shipment, port of loading, port of discharge or place of arrival of the cargo (hereinafter referred to as the "details of the policy" in this Article) are decided, it is not require to include the details of the policy in the document prescribed in Article 6, paragraph (1) of the Insurance Act.
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(保険者の免責)
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(Exemption of Insurer from Liability)
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第八百二十六条保険者は、次に掲げる損害を填補する責任を負わない。ただし、第四号に掲げる損害にあっては、保険契約者又は被保険者が発航の当時同号に規定する事項について注意を怠らなかったことを証明したときは、この限りでない。
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Article 826An insurer is not liable to compensate the relevant person for the following loss or damage;provided, however, this does not apply to the loss or damage set forth in item (iv) if the policyholder or the insured proves that they did not neglect to exercise due care in satisfying the requirements prescribed in that item at the time of departure of the ship:
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一保険の目的物の性質若しくは瑕疵又はその通常の損耗によって生じた損害
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(i)loss or damage arising from the nature of or a defect in the insured property, or from ordinary wear and tear thereof;
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二保険契約者又は被保険者の故意又は重大な過失(責任保険契約にあっては、故意)によって生じた損害
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(ii)loss or damage arising at the policyholder's or insured's intention or due to that person's gross negligence (or at that person's intention, if it is a liability insurance policy);
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三戦争その他の変乱によって生じた損害
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(iii)loss or damage arising from a war or any other social disturbance;
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四船舶保険契約にあっては、発航の当時第七百三十九条第一項各号(第七百七条及び第七百五十六条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)に掲げる事項を欠いたことにより生じた損害
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(iv)in the case of a ship insurance policy, loss or damage arising from the things set forth in the items of Article 739, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 707 and Article 756, paragraph (1)) having been done insufficiently as the time of departure of the ship; and
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五貨物保険契約にあっては、貨物の荷造りの不完全によって生じた損害
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(v)in the case of a cargo insurance policy, loss or damage arising from the insufficient packaging of cargo.
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(貨物の損傷等の場合の填補責任)
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(Liability to Compensate If Cargo Is Damaged)
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第八百二十七条保険の目的物である貨物が損傷し、又はその一部が滅失して到達地に到着したときは、保険者は、第一号に掲げる額の第二号に掲げる額に対する割合を保険価額(約定保険価額があるときは、当該約定保険価額)に乗じて得た額を填補する責任を負う。
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Article 827If cargo constituting insured property arrives at the destination damaged or partially lost, the insurer is liable to compensate for the amount arrived at when the insured value (or the agreed insured value, if specified) is multiplied by the proportion of the amount set forth in item (i) to the amount set forth in item (ii):
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一当該貨物に損傷又は一部滅失がなかったとした場合の当該貨物の価額から損傷又は一部滅失後の当該貨物の価額を控除した額
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(i)the amount arrived at when the value of the cargo that has been damaged or partially lost is deducted from the value that the cargo would have if it had not been damaged or partially lost; and
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二当該貨物に損傷又は一部滅失がなかったとした場合の当該貨物の価額
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(ii)the value that the cargo would have had if it had not been damaged or partially lost.
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(不可抗力による貨物の売却の場合の填補責任)
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(Liability to Compensate If the Sale of Cargo Is Due to Force Majeure)
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第八百二十八条航海の途中において不可抗力により保険の目的物である貨物が売却されたときは、保険者は、第一号に掲げる額から第二号に掲げる額を控除した額を填補する責任を負う。
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Article 828If cargo that is the insured property is sold during a voyage due to force majeure, the insurer is liable to compensate for the amount arrived at when the amount set forth in item (ii) is deducted from the amount set forth in item (i):
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一保険価額(約定保険価額があるときは、当該約定保険価額)
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(i)the insured value (or the agreed insured value, if specified); and
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二当該貨物の売却によって得た代価から運送賃その他の費用を控除した額
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(ii)the amount arrived at when freight charges and other such costs are deducted from the proceeds obtained from the sale of the cargo.
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(告知義務違反による解除)
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(Cancellation Due to Breach of Duty to Inform)
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第八百二十九条保険者は、保険契約者又は被保険者が、危険に関する重要な事項について、故意又は重大な過失により事実の告知をせず、又は不実の告知をしたときは、海上保険契約を解除することができる。この場合においては、保険法第二十八条第二項(第一号に係る部分に限る。)及び第四項並びに第三十一条第二項(第一号に係る部分に限る。)の規定を準用する。
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Article 829An insurer may cancel a marine insurance policy if a policyholder or an insured intentionally or by gross negligence fails to inform to of the facts of material particulars relevant to risk or misinforms it of such particulars.In this case, the provisions of Article 28, paragraph (2) (limited to the part concerning item (i)) and paragraph (4), and Article 31, paragraph (2) (limited to the part concerning item (i)) of the Insurance Act apply mutatis mutandis.
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(相互保険への準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis to Mutual Insurance)
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第八百三十条この章の規定は、相互保険について準用する。ただし、その性質がこれを許さないときは、この限りでない。
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Article 830The provisions of this Chapter apply mutatis mutandis to mutual insurance;provided, however, that this does not apply if the nature of the mutual insurance does not permit their application.
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第八章 船舶先取特権及び船舶抵当権
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Chapter VIII Statutory Liens on Ships and Mortgages on Ships
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(船舶先取特権)
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(Statutory Liens on Ships)
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第八百四十二条次に掲げる債権を有する者は、船舶及びその属具について先取特権を有する。
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Article 842A person holding a claim as set forth in one of the following has a statutory lien on the ship and its equipment:
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一船舶の運航に直接関連して生じた人の生命又は身体の侵害による損害賠償請求権
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(i)a claim to compensation for loss or damage due to harm to an individual's life or person that has arisen in direct connection with the operation of the ship;
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二救助料に係る債権又は船舶の負担に属する共同海損の分担に基づく債権
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(ii)a claim for the salvage charges or a claim based on the sharing of a general average to be borne by the ship;
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三国税徴収法(昭和三十四年法律第百四十七号)若しくは国税徴収の例によって徴収することのできる請求権であって船舶の入港、港湾の利用その他船舶の航海に関して生じたもの又は水先料若しくは引き船料に係る債権
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(iii)a claim that can be collected pursuant to the National Tax Collection Act (Act No. 47 of 1959) or using procedures for collecting national taxes and that arises in connection with the ship's entry into a port or use of a port or in connection with other operation of the ship; or a claim for pilotage charges or towage charges;
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四航海を継続するために必要な費用に係る債権
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(iv)a claim for costs necessary for continuing a voyage; and
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五雇用契約によって生じた船長その他の船員の債権
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(v)a claim held by the master or a mariner arising from an employment contract.
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(船舶先取特権の順位)
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(Order of Priority of Statutory Liens on Ships)
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第八百四十三条前条各号に掲げる債権に係る先取特権(以下この章において「船舶先取特権」という。)が互いに競合する場合には、その優先権の順位は、同条各号に掲げる順序に従う。ただし、同条第二号に掲げる債権(救助料に係るものに限る。)に係る船舶先取特権は、その発生の時において既に生じている他の船舶先取特権に優先する。
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Article 843(1)If statutory liens based on claims set forth in the items of the preceding Article (hereinafter referred to as "statutory liens on a ship" in this Chapter) are in conflict with each other, the order of priority of those statutory liens follows the order set forth in the items of that Article;provided, however, that a statutory lien on a ship based on the claim set forth in item (ii) of that Article (limited to one for the salvage charges) takes precedence over any other statutory liens on the ship that have arisen earlier.
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(2)If two or more persons hold statutory liens on a ship which are of the same rank, those persons are paid in proportion to the amount of their claims;provided, however, that for claims set forth in items (ii) through (iv) of the preceding Article, if the statutory liens arise at different times, the one arising later takes precedence over one arising earlier.
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(船舶先取特権と他の先取特権との競合)
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(Conflict between Statutory Liens on Ships and Other Statutory Liens)
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第八百四十四条船舶先取特権と他の先取特権とが競合する場合には、船舶先取特権は、他の先取特権に優先する。
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Article 844If a statutory lien on a ship and any other statutory lien conflict with each other, the statutory lien on the ship takes precedence over the other statutory lien.
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(船舶先取特権と船舶の譲受人)
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(Statutory Liens on Ship and Transferee of Ship)
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第八百四十五条船舶所有者がその船舶を譲渡したときは、譲受人は、その登記をした後、船舶先取特権を有する者に対し、一定の期間内にその債権の申出をすべき旨を公告しなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、一箇月を下ることができない。
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Article 845(1)If a shipowner transfers a ship, the transferee, after registering the transfer, must issue public notice to the holders of statutory liens on the ship indicating that they must file their claims within a fixed term. In such a case, the term in question may not be made shorter than one month.
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(船舶先取特権の消滅)
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(Extinguishment of Statutory Liens on Ships)
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第八百四十六条船舶先取特権は、その発生後一年を経過したときは、消滅する。
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Article 846A statutory lien on a ship is extinguished one year's time after it arises.
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(船舶抵当権)
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(Mortgage on Ship)
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第八百四十七条登記した船舶は、抵当権の目的とすることができる。
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Article 847(1)A registered ship may be made the subject matter of a mortgage.
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3船舶の抵当権には、不動産の抵当権に関する規定を準用する。この場合において、民法第三百八十四条第一号中「抵当権を実行して競売の申立てをしないとき」とあるのは、「抵当権の実行としての競売の申立て若しくはその提供を承諾しない旨の第三取得者に対する通知をせず、又はその通知をした債権者が抵当権の実行としての競売の申立てをすることができるに至った後一週間以内にこれをしないとき」と読み替えるものとする。
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(3)Provisions concerning mortgages on real property apply mutatis mutandis to a mortgage on a ship.In this case, the phrase "if an obligee does not enforce the mortgage by filing a petition for auction within two months" in Article 384, item (i) of the Civil Code is deemed to be replaced with "if an obligee does not enforce the mortgage by filing a petition for auction or give notice to the third party acquirer that the obligee has not approved its offer within two months, or if the obligee giving that notice does not enforce the mortgage by filing a petition for auction within one week after the obligee becomes able to file it".
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(船舶抵当権と船舶先取特権等との競合)
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(Conflict between Mortgage on Ship and Statutory Lien on Ship)
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第八百四十八条船舶の抵当権と船舶先取特権とが競合する場合には、船舶先取特権は、船舶の抵当権に優先する。
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Article 848(1)If a mortgage on a ship and a statutory lien on a ship conflict with each other, the lien takes precedence over the mortgage.
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(2)If a mortgage on a ship and a statutory lien (excluding a statutory lien on a ship) conflict with each other, the mortgage is treated as being of the same rank as the first-ranked statutory lien prescribed in Article 330, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code.
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(質権設定の禁止)
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(Prohibition against Creation of Pledge)
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第八百四十九条登記した船舶は、質権の目的とすることができない。
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Article 849A registered ship may not be made the subject matter of a pledge.
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(製造中の船舶への準用)
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(Application Mutatis Mutandis to Ship Under Construction)
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第八百五十条この章の規定は、製造中の船舶について準用する。
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Article 850The provisions of this Chapter apply mutatis mutandis to a ship under construction.
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