人権擁護委員法(昭和二十四年法律第百三十九号)
Human Rights Volunteers Act(Act No. 139 of 1949)
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令和6年7月24日
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- 翻訳日:令和6年2月16日
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令和6年2月21日
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- 翻訳日:令和6年2月16日
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人権擁護委員法
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Human Rights Volunteers Act
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昭和二十四年五月三十一日法律第百三十九号
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Act No. 139 of May 31, 1949
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(この法律の目的)
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(Purpose of this Act)
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第一条この法律は、国民に保障されている基本的人権を擁護し、自由人権思想の普及高揚を図るため、全国に人権擁護委員を置き、これに適用すべき各般の基準を定め、もつて人権の擁護に遺漏なきを期することを目的とする。
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Article 1The purpose of this Act is assigning human rights volunteers nationwide and setting out various standards that are applicable to them to protect fundamental human rights guaranteed to citizens and promote the spread and enhancement of the concept of freedom and human rights, thereby ensuring that human rights protection is comprehensive and without omission.
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(委員の使命)
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(Mission of Volunteers)
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第二条人権擁護委員は、国民の基本的人権が侵犯されることのないように監視し、若し、これが侵犯された場合には、その救済のため、すみやかに適切な処置を採るとともに、常に自由人権思想の普及高揚に努めることをもつてその使命とする。
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Article 2The role of human rights volunteers, in addition to consistently promoting the spread and enhancement of the concept of freedom and human rights, is to oversee the fundamental human rights of citizens to prevent any infringement; if such infringement occurs, they are to swiftly implement suitable measures for its rectification.
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(委員の設置区域)
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(Designated District of Volunteers)
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第三条人権擁護委員は、市町村(特別区を含む。以下同じ。)の区域に置くものとする。
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Article 3Human rights volunteers are to be placed in the jurisdiction of municipalities (including special wards; the same applies below).
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(委員の定数)
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(Number of Volunteers)
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第四条人権擁護委員の定数は、全国を通じて二万人を越えないものとする。
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Article 4(1)The total number of human rights volunteers across the country cannot exceed 20,000.
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(委員の性格)
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(Character of Volunteers)
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第五条人権擁護委員には、国家公務員法(昭和二十二年法律第百二十号)は、適用されない。
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Article 5The National Public Service Act (Act No. 120 of 1947) does not apply to human rights volunteers.
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(委員の推薦及び委嘱)
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(Recommendation and Appointment of Volunteers)
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第六条人権擁護委員は、法務大臣が委嘱する。
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Article 6(1)Human rights volunteers are appointed by the Minister of Justice.
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(2)The appointment by the Minister of Justice, as referred to in the preceding paragraph must be from among those recommended by a mayor of a municipality (including a mayor of a special ward; the same applies below), and must be conducted after considering the opinions of the bar association and the prefectural association of human rights volunteers in the area of the prefecture that includes the said municipality (in the case of Hokkaido, the area determined by the Minister of Justice under Article 16, paragraph (2) proviso; the same applies in paragraph (5) below).
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(3)A mayor of a municipality, after consulting the municipal assembly of the respective municipality, must recommend to the Minister of Justice candidates for human rights volunteer position; these candidates must be residents with voting rights for members of the municipal assembly, and include social workers, educators, or persons involved in journalism, etc.; these persons must possess high moral character and insight, have a broad understanding of social conditions, and demonstrate an understanding of human rights protection; additionally, candidates could be members of bar associations or other groups representing women, laborers, or youth, etc., that directly or indirectly aim to promote and protect human rights.
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(5)In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the mayor of the municipality does not recommend another candidate within the timeframe specified in that paragraph, the Minister of Justice, disregarding the provision under paragraph (2), may appoint a human rights volunteer from among those specified in paragraph (3); this can be done after considering the opinions of the bar association and the prefectural association of human rights volunteers within the jurisdiction of the prefecture that includes the said municipality.
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(6)In the recommendation and appointment of human rights volunteers, all citizens must be treated equally and must not be discriminated against because of their race, creed, gender, social status, lineage, or political views or affiliations other than those which fall under Article 7, paragraph (1), item (iv).
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(委員の欠格条項)
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(Disqualification of Volunteers)
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第七条左の各号のいずれかに該当する者は、人権擁護委員になることはできない。
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Article 7(1)A person who falls under any of the following items is not eligible to become a human rights volunteer:
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一禁錮以上の刑に処せられ、その執行を終わるまで又は執行を受けることがなくなるまでの者
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(i)a person who has been sentenced to imprisonment without labor or a more severe penalty, and who has not completed the execution of the sentence or for whom the sentence still applies;
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二前号に該当する者を除くほか、人権の侵犯に当たる犯罪行為のあつた者
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(ii)in addition to a person who falls under the preceding item, a person who has committed any criminal acts that constitute a violation of human rights; or
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(iii)a person who has formed or joined political party or other organization that advocates for the violent overthrow of the Constitution of Japan or the government established under it, following the enforcement date of the Constitution of Japan.
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(委員の給与)
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(Salary of Volunteers)
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第八条人権擁護委員には、給与を支給しないものとする。
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Article 8(1)Human rights volunteers are not to receive a salary.
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(委員の任期)
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(Term of Office of Volunteers)
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第九条人権擁護委員の任期は、三年とする。但し、任期満了後も、後任者が委嘱されるまでの間、その職務を行う。
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Article 9The term of office of human rights volunteers is three years;however, even after their terms expire, human rights volunteers will continue to perform their duties until a successor is appointed.
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(委員の職務執行区域)
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(District in Which Volunteers Perform Their Duties)
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第十条人権擁護委員は、その者の置かれている市町村の区域内において、職務を行うものとする。但し、特に必要がある場合においては、その区域外においても、職務を行うことができる。
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Article 10Human rights volunteers are to carry out their duties within the boundaries of the municipality in which they are assigned;however, when it is especially necessary, human rights volunteers may also carry out their duties outside of these boundaries.
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(委員の職務)
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(Duties of Volunteers)
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第十一条人権擁護委員の職務は、左の通りとする。
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Article 11Duties of human rights volunteers are as follows:
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一自由人権思想に関する啓もう及び宣伝をなすこと。
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(i)to raise awareness of and publicize the concept of freedom and human rights;
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二民間における人権擁護運動の助長に努めること。
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(ii)to endeavor to foster the advocacy of human rights in the private sector;
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三人権侵犯事件につき、その救済のため、調査及び情報の収集をなし、法務大臣への報告、関係機関への勧告等適切な処置を講ずること。
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(iii)to investigate and collect information about human rights violation cases, to provide remedy for these cases, and to take appropriate measures, including reporting to the Minister of Justice and making recommendations to the relevant organizations;
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四貧困者に対し訴訟援助その他その人権擁護のため適切な救済方法を講ずること。
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(iv)to provide litigation support and other suitable relief measures for impoverished persons for the protection of their human rights; and
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五その他人権の擁護に努めること。
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(v)to otherwise endeavor to protect human rights.
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(委員の服務)
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(Service of Volunteers)
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第十二条人権擁護委員は、その使命を自覚し、常に人格識見の向上とその職務を行う上に必要な法律上の知識及び技術の修得に努め、積極的態度をもつてその職務を遂行しなければならない。
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Article 12(1)Human rights volunteers must be aware of their mission, constantly endeavor to enhance their personal judgment and acquire the legal knowledge and skills required for their duties, and execute their duties with a proactive approach.
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(2)In executing their duties, human rights volunteers are obligated to protect the confidential details related to the personal background of those involved, and must not engage in discriminatory or preferential treatment based on the race, creed, gender, social status, lineage, or political views or affiliations of those involved.
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(委員の監督)
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(Supervision of Volunteers)
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第十四条人権擁護委員は、職務に関して、法務大臣の指揮監督を受ける。
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Article 14Human rights volunteers are under the direction and supervision of the Minister of Justice concerning their duties.
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(委員の解嘱)
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(Discharge of Volunteers)
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第十五条法務大臣は、人権擁護委員が、左の各号の一に該当するに至つたときは、関係都道府県人権擁護委員連合会の意見を聞き、これを解嘱することができる。
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Article 15(1)When a human rights volunteer falls under any of the following items, the Minister of Justice may dismiss them, after considering the views of the relevant prefectural association of human rights volunteers:
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一職務上の義務に違反し、又は職務を怠つた場合
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(i)when the human rights volunteer has violated obligations during their duties or neglected their duties;
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二心身の故障のため、職務の遂行に支障があり、又はこれに堪えない場合
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(ii)when the human rights volunteer has difficulty in, or is unable to manage the performance of their duties due to mental or physical impairment; or
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三人権擁護委員たるにふさわしくない非行のあつた場合
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(iii)when the human rights volunteer has engaged in misconduct inappropriate for a human rights volunteer.
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(協議会、連合会及び全国連合会)
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(Council, Association, and National Federation)
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第十六条人権擁護委員は、法務大臣が各都道府県の区域を数個に分けて定める区域ごとに、人権擁護委員協議会を組織する。
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Article 16(1)Human rights volunteers are to organize a human rights volunteer council in each of the regions within the prefecture designated by the Minister of Justice.
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(協議会の任務)
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(Duties of a Council)
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第十七条人権擁護委員協議会の任務は、左の通りとする。
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Article 17(1)Duties of the human rights volunteer councils are as follows:
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一人権擁護委員の職務に関する連絡及び調整をすること。
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(i)to liaise and coordinate on the duties of human rights volunteers;
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二人権擁護委員の職務に関し必要な資料及び情報の収集をすること。
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(ii)to gather necessary materials and information related to the duties of human rights volunteers;
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三人権擁護委員の職務に関する研究及び意見の発表をすること。
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(iii)to study and present opinions concerning the duties of human rights volunteers;
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四人権擁護上必要がある場合に、関係機関に対し意見を述べること。
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(iv)to state its opinions to relevant organizations when necessary for the protection of human rights; and
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五その他人権擁護上必要と認める事項を行うこと。
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(v)to otherwise handle matters deemed necessary for the protection of human rights.
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(連合会の任務)
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(Duties of an Association)
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第十八条都道府県人権擁護委員連合会の任務は、左の通りとする。
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Article 18(1)Duties of the prefectural associations of human rights volunteers are as follows:
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一人権擁護委員協議会の任務に関する連絡及び調整をすること。
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(i)to liaise and coordinate on the duties of human rights volunteer councils;
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二人権擁護委員の職務に関し必要な資料及び情報の収集をすること。
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(ii)to collect necessary materials and information concerning the duties of human rights volunteers;
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三人権擁護委員の職務に関する研究及び意見の発表をすること。
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(iii)to study and present opinions concerning the duties of human rights volunteers;
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四人権擁護上必要がある場合に、関係機関に対し意見を述べること。
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(iv)to state its opinions to relevant organizations when necessary for the protection of human rights; and
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五その他人権擁護上必要と認める事項を行うこと。
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(v)to otherwise handle matters deemed necessary for the protection of human rights.
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(全国連合会の任務)
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(Duties of the National Federation)
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第十八条の二全国人権擁護委員連合会の任務は、左の通りとする。
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Article 18-2(1)Duties of the National Federation of Associations of Human Rights Volunteers are as follows:
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一都道府県人権擁護委員連合会の任務に関する連絡及び調整をすること。
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(i)to liaise and coordinate on the duties of prefectural associations of human rights volunteers;
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二人権擁護委員の職務に関し必要な資料及び情報の収集をすること。
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(ii)to collect necessary materials and information concerning the duties of human rights volunteers;
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三人権擁護委員の職務に関する研究及び意見の発表をすること。
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(iii)to study and present opinions concerning the duties of human rights volunteers;
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四人権擁護上必要がある場合に、関係機関に対し意見を述べること。
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(iv)to state its opinions to relevant organizations when necessary for the protection of human rights; and
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五その他人権擁護上必要と認める事項を行うこと。
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(v)to otherwise handle matters deemed necessary for the protection of human rights.
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(委員の表彰)
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(Commendation of Volunteers)
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第十九条法務大臣は、人権擁護委員、人権擁護委員協議会、都道府県人権擁護委員連合会又は全国人権擁護委員連合会が、職務上特別な功労があると認めるときは、これを表彰し、その業績を一般に周知せしめることに意を用いなければならない。
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Article 19When the Minister of Justice recognizes that the human rights volunteers, human rights volunteer councils, prefectural associations of human rights volunteers, or the National Federation of Associations of Human Rights Volunteers have made an exceptional contribution in their duties, the minister must commend them and make efforts to publicize their accomplishments to the public.
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附 則〔抄〕
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Supplementary Provisions[Extract]
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附 則〔昭和二十七年七月三十一日法律第二百六十八号〕〔抄〕
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Supplementary Provisions[Act No. 268 of July 31, 1952 Extract][Extract]
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附 則〔昭和二十八年七月二十二日法律第七十一号〕
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Supplementary Provisions[Act No. 71 of July 22, 1953]
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附 則〔昭和五十三年五月二十三日法律第五十四号〕〔抄〕
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Supplementary Provisions[Act No. 54 of May 23, 1978 Extract][Extract]
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(施行期日)
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(Effective Date)
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1この法律は、公布の日から施行する。
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(1)This Act comes into effect as of the date of promulgation.
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附 則〔平成十一年十二月八日法律第百五十一号〕〔抄〕
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Supplementary Provisions[Act No. 151 of December 8, 1999 Extract][Extract]
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(施行期日)
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(Effective Date)
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第一条この法律は、平成十二年四月一日から施行する。
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Article 1This Act comes into effect as of April 1, 2000.
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(経過措置)
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(Transitional Measures)
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第三条民法の一部を改正する法律(平成十一年法律第百四十九号)附則第三条第三項の規定により従前の例によることとされる準禁治産者及びその保佐人に関するこの法律による改正規定の適用については、次に掲げる改正規定を除き、なお従前の例による。
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Article 3(1)Concerning the application of the revised provisions by this Act about persons of diminished competence and their curators, for whom the existing provisions are deemed to remain applicable pursuant to Article 3, paragraph (3) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act for Partial Revision of the Civil Code (Act No. 149 of 1999), the existing provisions will continue to apply, excluding the following provisions stated bellow:
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八第三十二条の規定による人権擁護委員法第七条第一項の改正規定
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(viii)the provisions for revising Article 7, paragraph (1) of the Human Rights Volunteers Act pursuant to Article 32.
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附 則〔平成十一年十二月二十二日法律第百六十号〕〔抄〕
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Supplementary Provisions[Act No.160 of December 22, 1999 Extract][Extract]
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(施行期日)
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(Effective Date)
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第一条この法律(第二条及び第三条を除く。)は、平成十三年一月六日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、当該各号に定める日から施行する。
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Article 1This Act (excluding Articles 2 and 3) will be enforced from January 6, 2001;however, the provisions stated in the following items will be enforced from the dates respectively provided in those items.
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一第九百九十五条(核原料物質、核燃料物質及び原子炉の規制に関する法律の一部を改正する法律附則の改正規定に係る部分に限る。)、第千三百五条、第千三百六条、第千三百二十四条第二項、第千三百二十六条第二項及び第千三百四十四条の規定公布の日
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(i)the provisions under Article 995 (limited to the part concerning the provisions amending the Supplementary Provisions of the Act Partially Amending the Act on the Regulation of Nuclear Source Material, Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactors), Articles 1305 and 1306, Article 1324, paragraph (2), Article 1326, paragraph (2), and Article 1344:the date of promulgation.
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附 則〔令和四年六月十七日法律第六十八号〕〔抄〕
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Supplementary Provisions[Act No. 68 of June 17, 2022 Extract][Extract]
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(施行期日)
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(Effective Date)
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1この法律は、刑法等一部改正法施行日から施行する。ただし、次の各号に掲げる規定は、当該各号に定める日から施行する。
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(1)This Act will take effect as of the day of enforcement of the Act Partially Amending the Penal Code and other laws;however, provisions listed in the following items will take effect from the dates respectively provided in those items:
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一第五百九条の規定公布の日
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(i)the provisions of Article 509:the date of promulgation.
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