公益通報者保護法(平成十六年法律第百二十二号)
Whistleblower Protection Act(Act No. 122 of 2004)
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公益通報者保護法
Whistleblower Protection Act
Whistleblower Protection Act
平成十六年六月十八日法律第百二十二号
Act No. 122 of June 18, 2004
Act No. 122 of June 18, 2004
(目的)
(Purpose)
第一条この法律は、公益通報をしたことを理由とする公益通報者の解雇の無効等並びに公益通報に関し事業者及び行政機関がとるべき措置を定めることにより、公益通報者の保護を図るとともに、国民の生命、身体、財産その他の利益の保護にかかわる法令の規定の遵守を図り、もって国民生活の安定及び社会経済の健全な発展に資することを目的とする。
Article 1The Purpose of this Act is to protect Whistleblowers to provide for nullity, etc. of dismissal of Whistleblower. on the grounds of Whistleblowing and the measures that the business operator and Administrative Organ shall take concerning Whistleblowing, and to promote compliance with the laws and regulations concerning the protection of life, body, property, and other interests of citizen, and thereby to contribute to the stabilization of the general welfare of the life of the citizens and to the sound development of socioeconomy.
(定義)
(Definitions)
第二条この法律において「公益通報」とは、労働者(労働基準法(昭和二十二年法律第四十九号)第九条に規定する労働者をいう。以下同じ。)が、不正の利益を得る目的、他人に損害を加える目的その他の不正の目的でなく、その労務提供先(次のいずれかに掲げる事業者(法人その他の団体及び事業を行う個人をいう。以下同じ。)をいう。以下同じ。)又は当該労務提供先の事業に従事する場合におけるその役員、従業員、代理人その他の者について通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしている旨を、当該労務提供先若しくは当該労務提供先があらかじめ定めた者(以下「労務提供先等」という。)、当該通報対象事実について処分(命令、取消しその他公権力の行使に当たる行為をいう。以下同じ。)若しくは勧告等(勧告その他処分に当たらない行為をいう。以下同じ。)をする権限を有する行政機関又はその者に対し当該通報対象事実を通報することがその発生若しくはこれによる被害の拡大を防止するために必要であると認められる者(当該通報対象事実により被害を受け又は受けるおそれがある者を含み、当該労務提供先の競争上の地位その他正当な利益を害するおそれがある者を除く。次条第三号において同じ。)に通報することをいう。
Article 2(1)The term "Whistleblowing" as used in this Act shall mean whistleblowing made by a worker (which shall mean worker as provided for in Article 9 of the Labor Standards Act (Act No. 49 of 1947); the same shall apply hereinafter), without a purpose of obtaining an wrongful gain, a purpose of causing damages to others, or any other wrongful purpose, about Reportable Fact that has been occurred, is being occurred or is about to be occurred by "Business Operator" (which shall mean any of the following business operators (which shall mean juridical person, other organization and individual who operates a business)), or such persons as officer, employee or agent in the workplace where the worker is occupied in performing the Business Operator's business activities, to the said Business Operator or the person designated by the said Business Operator in advance (hereinafter referred to as "Business Operator, etc."), to an Administrative Organ with the authority to impose disposition (which shall mean an order, rescission, and other acts involving the exercise of public authority; the same shall apply hereinafter) or recommendation, etc. (which shall mean a recommendation and other acts which are not disposition; the same shall apply hereinafter) upon the said Reportable Fact, or to any person who are recognized to be necessary to do whistleblowing to the said Reportable Fact in order to prevent the occurrence thereof or the spread of damage caused thereby (including person who suffers or might suffer damage from the said Reportable Fact, but excluding any person who might cause damages to the competitive position or any other legitimate interests of the Business Operator; the same shall apply in Item (iii) of the following Article.).
一当該労働者を自ら使用する事業者(次号に掲げる事業者を除く。)
(i)Business Operator which employs the said worker itself (except Business Operator in the following Item);
二当該労働者が派遣労働者(労働者派遣事業の適正な運営の確保及び派遣労働者の就業条件の整備等に関する法律(昭和六十年法律第八十八号。第四条において「労働者派遣法」という。)第二条第二号に規定する派遣労働者をいう。以下同じ。)である場合において、当該派遣労働者に係る労働者派遣(同条第一号に規定する労働者派遣をいう。第五条第二項において同じ。)の役務の提供を受ける事業者
(ii)In the case the said worker is a dispatched worker (which means Dispatched worker as provided for in Item (ii) of Article 2 of the Act on Securing the Proper Operation of Worker Dispatch Business and Improvement of Working Conditions for Dispatched Workers (Act No. 88 of 1985. Referred to in Article 4 as "Worker Dispatching Act")), Business Operator which accepts the service of worker dispatching (which means worker dispatch provided for in Item (i) of the Article 2 of the said Act; the same shall apply in paragraph 2 of Article 5); or
三前二号に掲げる事業者が他の事業者との請負契約その他の契約に基づいて事業を行う場合において、当該労働者が当該事業に従事するときにおける当該他の事業者
(iii)Business operator of which the said worker is in pursuance of the business in the case the business operator listed in the preceding two Items engages in work based on a contract for work or any other agreement concluded with said business operator.
2この法律において「公益通報者」とは、公益通報をした労働者をいう。
(2)The term "Whistleblower" as used in this Act shall mean a worker who has done whistleblowing.
3この法律において「通報対象事実」とは、次のいずれかの事実をいう。
(3)The term "Reportable Fact" as used in this Act shall mean any of the following facts:
一個人の生命又は身体の保護、消費者の利益の擁護、環境の保全、公正な競争の確保その他の国民の生命、身体、財産その他の利益の保護にかかわる法律として別表に掲げるもの(これらの法律に基づく命令を含む。次号において同じ。)に規定する罪の犯罪行為の事実
(i)Fact of criminal act provided for in the Acts (including the orders based on those Acts; the same shall apply to the following Item) listed in the appendix, concerning the protection of interests such as the protection of individuals' lives and bodies, the protection of interest of the consumers, the conservation of the environment, the protection of fair competition, and the protection of citizen's lives, bodies, property and other interests; or
二別表に掲げる法律の規定に基づく処分に違反することが前号に掲げる事実となる場合における当該処分の理由とされている事実(当該処分の理由とされている事実が同表に掲げる法律の規定に基づく他の処分に違反し、又は勧告等に従わない事実である場合における当該他の処分又は勧告等の理由とされている事実を含む。)
(ii)Fact, in the case where a violation of a disposition pursuant to the Act listed in the appendix constitutes the fact provided for in the preceding Item, which is the ground of the said disposition (including the fact, in the case where the said ground is the fact which is the violation of other disposition or not complying with recommendation, etc. pursuant to the Act listed in the appendix, which is the ground of the said other disposition or recommendation, etc.).
4この法律において「行政機関」とは、次に掲げる機関をいう。
(4)The term "Administrative Organ" as used in this act shall mean any of the following organs:
一内閣府、宮内庁、内閣府設置法(平成十一年法律第八十九号)第四十九条第一項若しくは第二項に規定する機関、国家行政組織法(昭和二十三年法律第百二十号)第三条第二項に規定する機関、法律の規定に基づき内閣の所轄の下に置かれる機関若しくはこれらに置かれる機関又はこれらの機関の職員であって法律上独立に権限を行使することを認められた職員
(i)Cabinet Office, the Imperial Household Agency, organs provided for in Article 49, paragraph 1 or 2 of the Act for Establishment of the Cabinet Office (Act No. 89 of 1999), organs provided for in Article 3, paragraph 2 of the National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948), organs under the jurisdiction of the Cabinet which were established pursuant to laws, organs established within one of these organs, or the personnel of the above mentioned organs who are authorized by laws to independently exercise such authority; and,
二地方公共団体の機関(議会を除く。)
(ii)Organs (excluding assemblies) of local public entities.
(解雇の無効)
(Nullity of Dismissal)
第三条公益通報者が次の各号に掲げる場合においてそれぞれ当該各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として前条第一項第一号に掲げる事業者が行った解雇は、無効とする。
Article 3In the case a Whistleblower is dismissed by the business operator provided for in Item (i) of Paragraph 1 of the preceding Article on the basis of Whistleblowing provided for in each of the following Items in the respective case, the dismissal shall be void:
一通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると思料する場合当該労務提供先等に対する公益通報
(i)In the case a Reportable Fact is considered to have occurred, occur or be about to occur:Whistleblowing to the said the Business Operator, etc.;
二通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合当該通報対象事実について処分又は勧告等をする権限を有する行政機関に対する公益通報
(ii)In the case there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Reportable Fact has occurred, occurs or is about to occur:Whistleblowing to an Administrative Organ with the authority to impose Disposition or Recommendation, etc.; or
三通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると信ずるに足りる相当の理由があり、かつ、次のいずれかに該当する場合 その者に対し当該通報対象事実を通報することがその発生又はこれによる被害の拡大を防止するために必要であると認められる者に対する公益通報
(iii)In the case there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Reportable Fact has occurred, occurs or is about to occur and when any of the following applies: Whistleblowing to any person to whom such Whistleblowing is considered necessary to prevent the occurrence of the Reportable Fact or the spread of damage caused by the Reportable Fact:
イ前二号に定める公益通報をすれば解雇その他不利益な取扱いを受けると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合
(a)In the case the Whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that he/she will receive dismissal or other disadvantageous treatment if he/she does whistleblowing as provided for in the preceding two Items;
ロ第一号に定める公益通報をすれば当該通報対象事実に係る証拠が隠滅され、偽造され、又は変造されるおそれがあると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合
(b)In the case the Whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that the evidence pertaining to the Reportable fact might be concealed, counterfeited, or altered if he/she does whistleblowing as provided for in Item (i);
ハ労務提供先から前二号に定める公益通報をしないことを正当な理由がなくて要求された場合
(c)In the case the Whistleblower was requested by the Business Operator, without any justifiable reason, not to blow a whistle provided for in the preceding two Items;
ニ書面(電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られる記録を含む。第九条において同じ。)により第一号に定める公益通報をした日から二十日を経過しても、当該通報対象事実について、当該労務提供先等から調査を行う旨の通知がない場合又は当該労務提供先等が正当な理由がなくて調査を行わない場合
(d)In the case the Whistleblower does not receive notice from the said Business Operator, etc., about the commencement of an investigation on the Reportable fact within twenty days from the day of the Whistleblowing provided for in Item (i) made in writing (including a record made by an electronic method, a magnetic method, or any other method not recognizable to human senses.; the same shall apply to Article 9), or the said Business operator, etc. does not investigate without any justifiable reason; or
ホ個人の生命又は身体に危害が発生し、又は発生する急迫した危険があると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合
(e)In the case the Whistleblower has a justifiable reason to believe that some damage to the life or body of an individual is caused or about to be caused.
(労働者派遣契約の解除の無効)
(Nullity of the Cancellation of a Worker Dispatch Contract)
第四条第二条第一項第二号に掲げる事業者の指揮命令の下に労働する派遣労働者である公益通報者が前条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として同項第二号に掲げる事業者が行った労働者派遣契約(労働者派遣法第二十六条第一項に規定する労働者派遣契約をいう。)の解除は、無効とする。
Article 4In the case the Whistleblower is a dispatched worker working under the direction of the business operator as provided for in Item (ii) of Paragraph 1 of Article 2, the cancellation of the worker dispatch contract (which means a worker dispatch contract provided for in Paragraph 1 of Article 26 of the Dispatched Worker Act) on the basis of Whistleblowing provided for in the Items of the preceding Article shall be void.
(不利益取扱いの禁止)
(Prohibition of Disadvantageous Treatment)
第五条第三条に規定するもののほか、第二条第一項第一号に掲げる事業者は、その使用し、又は使用していた公益通報者が第三条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として、当該公益通報者に対して、降格、減給その他不利益な取扱いをしてはならない。
Article 5(1)In addition to Article 3, the business operator provided for in Item (i) of Paragraph 1 of Article 2 shall not give any disadvantageous treatment such as demotion, a salary cut or other treatment to Whistleblower who is or was its employee on the basis of such Whistleblowing as provided for in the Items of Article 3.
2前条に規定するもののほか、第二条第一項第二号に掲げる事業者は、その指揮命令の下に労働する派遣労働者である公益通報者が第三条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として、当該公益通報者に対して、当該公益通報者に係る労働者派遣をする事業者に派遣労働者の交代を求めることその他不利益な取扱いをしてはならない。
(2)In addition to such disadvantageous treatment as provided for in the preceding Article, such business operator as provided for in Item (ii) of Paragraph 1 of Article 2 shall not give any disadvantageous treatment, such as asking the business operator dispatching the Whistleblower to replace him/her with another dispatched worker, to Whistleblower who is a dispatched worker working under the direction of the business operator on the basis of such Whistleblowing as provided for in the Items of Article 3.
(解釈規定)
(Provision on Construction)
第六条前三条の規定は、通報対象事実に係る通報をしたことを理由として労働者又は派遣労働者に対して解雇その他不利益な取扱いをすることを禁止する他の法令(法律及び法律に基づく命令をいう。第十条第一項において同じ。)の規定の適用を妨げるものではない。
Article 6(1)The provisions of the preceding three Articles shall not preclude the application of the provisions of other laws and regulations (which shall mean Acts and orders based on Acts; the same shall apply to Paragraph 1 of Article 10) that prohibit a dismissal or any other disadvantageous treatment of worker or dispatched worker on the basis of the fact that the worker has blown a whistle pertaining to the Reportable Fact.
2第三条の規定は、労働基準法第十八条の二の規定の適用を妨げるものではない。
(2)The provisions of the Article 3 shall not preclude the application of the provision of Article 18-2 of the Labor Standards Act.
(一般職の国家公務員等に対する取扱い)
(Treatment of National Public Employees in the Regular Service)
第七条第三条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由とする一般職の国家公務員、裁判所職員臨時措置法(昭和二十六年法律第二百九十九号)の適用を受ける裁判所職員、国会職員法(昭和二十二年法律第八十五号)の適用を受ける国会職員、自衛隊法(昭和二十九年法律第百六十五号)第二条第五項に規定する隊員及び一般職の地方公務員(以下この条において「一般職の国家公務員等」という。)に対する免職その他不利益な取扱いの禁止については、第三条から第五条までの規定にかかわらず、国家公務員法(昭和二十二年法律第百二十号。裁判所職員臨時措置法において準用する場合を含む。)、国会職員法 、自衛隊法及び地方公務員法(昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号)の定めるところによる。この場合において、一般職の国家公務員等の任命権者その他の第二条第一項第一号に掲げる事業者は、第三条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として一般職の国家公務員等に対して免職その他不利益な取扱いがされることのないよう、これらの法律の規定を適用しなければならない。
Article 7Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 3 to Article 5, the prohibition of dismissal or any other disadvantageous treatment of the national public officers in the regular service, court officers to whom the Act on Temporary Measures concerning Court Officer (Act No. 299 of 1951) is applicable, Diet officers to whom the Diet Officers Act (Act No. 85 of 1947) is applicable, SDF personnel specified in Paragraph 5 of Article 2 of the Self-Defense Forces Act (Act No. 165 of 1954), and local public officers in the regular service (referred to as "National Public Officers in the Regular Service, etc." in this Article) on the basis of Whistleblowing provided for in Items of Article 3 shall be governed by the provision of the National Public Officer Act (Act No. 120 of 1947, including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the Act on Temporary Measures concerning Court Officer), Diet Officers Act, Self-Defense Forces Act, and Local Public Officers Act (Act No. 261 of 1950).In this case, the appointer of National Public Officers in the Regular Service, etc., and any other business operator provided for in Item (i) of Paragraph 1 of Article 2 shall apply the provisions of these Acts in order to prevent dismissal or any other disadvantageous treatment of any National Public Officers in the Regular Service, etc., on the bases of the Whistleblowing as provided for in the Items of Article 3.
(他人の正当な利益等の尊重)
(Respect of Justifiable Interests, etc., of Others)
第八条第三条各号に定める公益通報をする労働者は、他人の正当な利益又は公共の利益を害することのないよう努めなければならない。
Article 8Any worker who is to do whistleblowing as provided for in the Items of Article 3 shall make efforts not to damage the justifiable interests of others and the public interests.
(是正措置等の通知)
(Notice of Remedial measure, etc.)
第九条書面により公益通報者から第三条第一号に定める公益通報をされた事業者は、当該公益通報に係る通報対象事実の中止その他是正のために必要と認める措置をとったときはその旨を、当該公益通報に係る通報対象事実がないときはその旨を、当該公益通報者に対し、遅滞なく、通知するよう努めなければならない。
Article 9Any business operator which receives Whistleblowing made in writing as provided for in Item (i) of Article 3 from a Whistleblower shall make efforts to notify the Whistleblower, without delay, that the business operator has taken measures to stop the Reportable Fact or other necessary measure to rectify or that the business operator has not discovered the Reportable Fact pertaining to the said Whistleblowing.
(行政機関がとるべき措置)
(Measures That Should Be Taken By the Administrative Agency)
第十条公益通報者から第三条第二号に定める公益通報をされた行政機関は、必要な調査を行い、当該公益通報に係る通報対象事実があると認めるときは、法令に基づく措置その他適当な措置をとらなければならない。
Article 10(1)Any Administrative Organ which receives Whistleblowing as provided for in Item (ii) of Article 3 from a Whistleblower shall conduct the necessary investigations, and if such investigations confirm the existence of the Reportable Fact, the Administrative Organ shall take appropriate measures such as the measures required by laws and regulations.
2前項の公益通報が第二条第三項第一号に掲げる犯罪行為の事実を内容とする場合における当該犯罪の捜査及び公訴については、前項の規定にかかわらず、刑事訴訟法(昭和二十三年法律第百三十一号)の定めるところによる。
(2)In the case the Whistleblowing provided for in the preceding Paragraph is about criminal act as provided for in Item (i) of Paragraph 3 of Article 2, provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Act No. 131 of 1948) shall apply to the criminal investigation and prosecution, notwithstanding the provision of the preceding Paragraph.
(教示)
(Information)
第十一条前条第一項の公益通報が誤って当該公益通報に係る通報対象事実について処分又は勧告等をする権限を有しない行政機関に対してされたときは、当該行政機関は、当該公益通報者に対し、当該公益通報に係る通報対象事実について処分又は勧告等をする権限を有する行政機関を教示しなければならない。
Article 11When an Administrative Organ receives Whistleblowing provided for in Paragraph 1 of the preceding Article, if the Administrative Organ is not authorized to impose a disposition or a recommendation, etc. about the Reportable Fact pertaining to said Whistleblowing, the said Administrative Organ shall inform the said Whistleblower to Administrative Organ which has the authority to impose a disposition or a recommendation, etc. about the Reportable Fact pertaining to said Whistleblowing.
附 則
Supplementary Provisions
Supplementary Provisions
(施行期日)
(Effective Date)
第一条この法律は、公布の日から起算して二年を超えない範囲内において政令で定める日から施行し、この法律の施行後にされた公益通報について適用する。
Article 1This Act shall come into force as from the day provided for in a cabinet order, which shall be set within two years from the day of promulgation, and apply to Whistleblowing made on and after the effective date.
(検討)
(Review)
第二条政府は、この法律の施行後五年を目途として、この法律の施行の状況について検討を加え、その結果に基づいて必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
Article 2Approximately five years after this Act comes into force, the Government shall examine the state of enforcement of this Act and shall take necessary measures based upon those results.
別表
Appended Table
一刑法(明治四十年法律第四十五号)
(i)Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907)
二食品衛生法(昭和二十二年法律第二百三十三号)
(ii)Food Sanitation Act (Act No. 233 of 1947)
三証券取引法(昭和二十三年法律第二十五号)
(iii)Securities Trade Act (Act No. 25 of 1948)
四農林物資の規格化及び品質表示の適正化に関する法律(昭和二十五年法律第百七十五号)
(iv)Act Concerning Standardization and Proper Labeling on Quality of Agricultural and Forestry Products (Act No. 175 of 1950)
五大気汚染防止法(昭和四十三年法律第九十七号)
(v)Air Pollution Control Act (Act No. 97 of 1968)
六廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律(昭和四十五年法律第百三十七号)
(vi)Waste Disposal and Cleaning Act (Act No. 137 of 1970)
七個人情報の保護に関する法律(平成十五年法律第五十七号)
(vii)Act on the Protection of Personal Information (Act No. 57 of 2003)
八前各号に掲げるもののほか、個人の生命又は身体の保護、消費者の利益の擁護、環境の保全、公正な競争の確保その他の国民の生命、身体、財産その他の利益の保護にかかわる法律として政令で定めるもの
(viii)Any Acts other than those provided for in the preceding Items that are provided for in a cabinet order as Acts concerning the protection of interests such as the protection of individuals' lives and bodies, the protection of interest of the consumers, the conservation of the environment, the protection of fair competition, and the protection of citizen's lives, bodies, property and other interests.