(i)a person who does not possess a valid Passport (except for a Crew Member possessing a valid Crew Member's Pocket-Ledger); or

(ii)a person who intends to land in Japan without receiving a seal of verification for landing or undergoing the recording of the prescribed data pursuant to the provisions of Article 9, paragraph (4), or without obtaining authorized permission for landing (hereinafter referred to as "Permission for Landing, etc.") from an Immigration Inspector (except for those set forth in the preceding item).

(i)a person who is suffering from any of the following categories of infectious diseases, which are provided for by the Act on Prevention of Infectious Diseases and Medical Care for Patients Suffering from Infectious Diseases (Act No. 114 of 1998): Category 1 or Category 2 infectious diseases, new or reemerging influenza strains, or designated infectious diseases (limited to infectious diseases to which the provisions of Article 19 or 20 of the same Act applies mutatis mutandis, pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Order pursuant to the provisions of Article 7 of the same Act) including a person who is regarded as a patient of a Category 1 or Category 2 infectious disease, a new or reemerging influenza strain, or a designated infectious disease pursuant to the provisions of Article 8 of the same Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 7 of the same Act), or any person who has symptoms of a new infectious disease;

(ii)a person who, due to a mental disability, is constantly unable to understand right from wrong or whose capacity for such understanding is significantly lacking, and is not accompanied by those persons provided for by Ministry of Justice Order to assist him or her in engaging in activities in Japan;

(iii)a person who is indigent or without a fixed dwelling place and is likely to become a burden on the Japanese Government or a local public entity because of an inability to make a living;

(iv)a person who has been convicted of a violation of any law or regulation of Japan, or of any other country, and has been sentenced to imprisonment or imprisonment without work for 1 year or more, or to an equivalent penalty; provided, however, that this does not apply to those convicted of a political offense;

(v)a person who has been convicted of a violation of any law or regulation of Japan or of any other country relating to the control of narcotics, marijuana, opium, stimulants or psychotropic substances, and has been sentenced to a penalty;

(v)-2a person who has been convicted of a violation of any law or regulation of Japan or of any other country or has been deported from Japan pursuant to the provisions of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act or deported from any other country pursuant to the provisions of any law or regulation of that country for killing, injuring, assaulting or threatening a person, or damaging a building or other object in relation to the process or results of an international competition or a competition of an equivalent scale or an international conference (hereinafter referred to as "International Competition, etc.") or with the intent of preventing the smooth operation thereof, and is likely to kill, injure, assault or threaten a person, or damage a building or other objects in relation to the process or results of an International Competition, etc. held in Japan or with the intent of preventing the smooth operation thereof, at the venue of the International Competition, etc. or within the area of the municipality where the venue is located (this refers to "Ward" in areas where the Tokyo special wards exist or in designated cities prescribed in Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947)) or to neighboring places provided for use to unspecified or a large number of persons;

(vi)a person who illegally possesses any narcotics or psychotropic substances as prescribed in the Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances Control Act (Act No. 14 of 1953), marijuana as prescribed in the Marijuana Control Act (Act No. 124 of 1948), or poppy, opium or poppy plants as prescribed in the Opium Control Act (Act No. 71 of 1954), stimulants or raw materials used to make stimulants as prescribed in the Stimulants Control Act (Act No. 252 of 1951), or any apparatus used to smoke or eat opium;

(vii)a person who has engaged in prostitution, or intermediation or solicitation of prostitutes for other persons or provision of a place for prostitution, or any other business directly connected to prostitution (except for those who have engaged in these businesses under the control of another due to Trafficking in Persons);

(vii)-2a person who has committed Trafficking in Persons or incited or aided another to commit it;

(viii)a person who illegally possesses firearms, swords or other such weapons as prescribed in the Act for Controlling the Possession of Firearms or Swords and Other Such Weapons (Act No. 6 of 1958) or explosives as provided for by the Explosives Control Act (Act No. 149 of 1950);

(ix)a person who falls under any of sub-items (a) through (d) below where the period set forth in the relevant provisions has not yet elapsed:

(ix)-2a person who has been sentenced to imprisonment or imprisonment without work on the charge of a crime provided for in Part II, Chapters XII, XVI through XIX, XXIII, XXVI, XXVII, XXXI, XXXIII, XXXVI, XXXVII or XXXIX of the Penal Code of Japan (Act No. 45 of 1907), or in Article 1, 1-2 or 1-3 (except for the parts pertaining to Article 222 or 261 of the Penal Code of Japan) of the Act on Punishment of Physical Violence and Others (Act No. 60 of 1926), the Act for Prevention and Disposition of Robbery, Theft, and Other Related Matters (Act No. 9 of 1930), or Article 15 or 16 of the Act on Prohibition of Possession of Special Picking Tools, and Other Related Matters (Act No. 65 of 2003), or Article 2 or Article 6, paragraph (1) of the Act on Punishment for Acts of Driving Causing Death or Injury (Act No. 86 of 2013) during their stay in Japan with the status of residence listed in the left-hand column of Appended Table I, who subsequently left Japan and whose sentence became final and binding when the relevant person was outside of Japan, and for whom 5 years have not yet elapsed from the date when the sentence became final and binding;

(x)a person who has been deported from Japan for falling under any of Article 24, item (iv), sub-items (1) through (o);

(xi)a person who attempts or advocates the overthrow of the Constitution of Japan or the Government formed thereunder by means of force or violence, or who organizes or is a member of a political party or any organization which attempts or advocates the same;

(xii)a person who organizes, or is a member of, or is closely affiliated with any of the following political parties or organizations:

(xiii)a person who attempts to prepare, distribute, or exhibit printed matters, motion pictures, or any other documents or drawings to attain the objectives of any political party or organization prescribed in item (xi) or the preceding item; or

(xiv)beyond those persons listed in items (i) through (xiii), a person whom the Minister of Justice has reasonable grounds to believe is likely to commit an act which could be detrimental to the interests or public security of Japan.

(i)a special permanent resident provided for by the Special Act on the Immigration Control of, Inter Alia, Those who have Lost Japanese Nationality Pursuant to the Treaty of Peace with Japan (Act No. 71 of 1991) (hereinafter referred to as a "Special Permanent Resident");

(ii)a person who is under 16 years of age;

(iii)a person who seeks to engage in Japan in an activity listed in the right-hand column under "Diplomat" or "Official" of (1) of Appended Table I;

(iv)a person who is invited by the head of any national administrative organ; or

(v)a person provided for by Ministry of Justice Order as equivalent to a person listed in either of the two items immediately preceding this item.

(i)the Passport possessed by the Foreign National and the visa affixed thereto, if such is required, must be valid;

(ii)the activities stated in the application to be engaged in while in Japan must not be false, and must fall under any of the activities listed in the right-hand column of Appended Table I (activities listed in item (ii) of the right -hand column under "Highly Skilled Professional" and item (ii) in the right-hand column under "Technical Intern Training" of Appended Table I (2) are excluded; with respect to the activities listed in the right-hand column of Appended Table I (5), the proposed activities must be activities designated by the Minister of Justice in a public notice), or the activities of a person with a status or position listed in the right-hand column of Appended Table II (the position listed in the right-hand column under "Permanent Resident" is excluded; with respect to the position listed under "Long-Term Resident," a proposed position must be a position designated by the Minister of Justice in a public notice), and with respect to those who intend to engage in the activities listed in the right-hand column of Appended Table I (2) and (4), the activities are to conform to the conditions provided for by Ministry of Justice Order which is to be provided for in consideration of factors including but not limited to the effects on Japanese industry and public welfare;

(iii)the Period of Stay stated in the application must conform to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order pursuant to the provisions of Article 2-2, paragraph (3); or

(iv)the Foreign National must not fall under any of the items of Article 5, paragraph (1) (in the case of a Foreign National for whom the provisions of Article 5-2 have been applied, in the case that, based on the specific grounds prescribed in the same Article, the Foreign National falls under Article 5, paragraph (1), items (iv), (v), (vii), (ix) or (ix)-2, the Foreign National must not fall under any of the items of the same paragraph based on grounds other than the specified grounds; the same applies hereinafter).

(i)the Foreign National is registered pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (7) of this Article; and

(ii)the Foreign National has provided personal identification information in an electric or magnetic form pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order when applying for landing.

(i)a person who has been granted re-entry permission pursuant to the provisions of Article 26, paragraph (1) or a person who possesses a Refugee travel document which has been issued to them pursuant to the provisions of Article 61-2-12, paragraph (1);

(ii)the Foreign National has provided personal identification information in an electric or magnetic form pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order; and

(iii)the Foreign National does not fall under any of the items of Article 5, paragraph (1) at the time of such registration.

(i)the Foreign National has been granted re-entry permission;

(ii)the Foreign National has entered Japan under the control of another due to Trafficking in Persons; or

(iii)the Minister of Justice finds that circumstances exist that warrant the granting of special permission for landing.

(i)where a foreign Crew Member of a vessel placed on regular service between Japan and other countries or of other vessels frequently entering Japanese Ports of Entry and Departure wishes to land in Japan for rest, shopping or other similar purposes on multiple occasions within 1 year from the date of permission, upon application by the captain of the vessel or the Carrier who operates the vessel on which the Foreign National is aboard, in accordance with the procedures provided for by Ministry of Justice Order; or

(ii)where a foreign Crew Member of a Carrier engaged in regular airline services between Japan and other countries wishes to land in Japan for a period not exceeding fifteen days from each arrival date for rest, shopping or other similar purposes and to depart from the same Port of Entry or Departure as a Crew Member of an aircraft belonging to the same Carrier on multiple occasions within 1 year from the date of permission, upon application by the Carrier concerned, in accordance with the procedures provided for by Ministry of Justice Order.

(i)a person who has entered Japan for the reasons prescribed in Article 1, paragraph A-(2) of the Refugee Convention or other reasons equivalent thereto after fleeing from a territory where their life, body or physical freedom were threatened; and

(ii)it would be appropriate for temporary landing permission to be granted.

(i)if the Foreign National who has been granted permission continues to come under a Mid to long-term Resident or newly comes under a Mid to long-term Resident:the Minister of Justice is to have an Immigration Inspector issue a residence card to the Foreign National;

(ii)if the Foreign National who has been granted permission possesses a Passport in cases other than the cases listed in the preceding item:the Minister of Justice is to have an Immigration Inspector enter a new status of residence and Period of Stay in the Passport; or

(iii)if the Foreign National who has been granted permission does not possess a Passport in cases other than the cases listed in item (i):the Minister of Justice is to have an Immigration Inspector issue the Foreign National with a certificate of status of residence describing the new status of residence and Period of Stay, or enter the new status of residence and Period of Stay in the certificate of status of residence which has already been issued.

(i)status of residence of "Highly Skilled Professional" (limited to those pertaining to item (ii) in the right-hand column under "Highly Skilled Professional" of Appended Table I (2)):a Foreign National who has been residing in Japan with the status of residence of "Highly Skilled Professional" (limited to those pertaining to item (i) sub-items (a) through (c) in the right-hand column under "Highly Skilled Professional" of the same Table); or

(ii)status of residence of "Technical Intern Training" (limited to those pertaining to item (ii), sub-item (a) or (b) in the right-hand column under "Technical Intern Training" of Appended Table I (2)):a Foreign National who has been residing in Japan with the status of residence of "Technical Intern Training" (limited to those pertaining to item (i), sub-item, (a) or (b) in the right-hand column under "Technical Intern Training" of the same Table).

(i)the Foreign National's behavior and conduct must be good; and

(ii)the Foreign National must have sufficient assets or skills to make an independent living.

(i)the Foreign National has been granted, by deceit or other wrongful means, a seal of verification for landing (including the recording of the prescribed data pursuant to the provisions of Article 9, paragraph (4)) or special permission pursuant to the provisions of Chapter III, Section 1 or 2, on the consideration that they do not fall under any of the items of Article 5, paragraph (1);

(ii)the Foreign National has been granted, by deceit or other wrongful means, a seal of verification for landing (a seal of verification for landing or special permission pursuant to the provisions of Chapter III, Section 1 or 2 (limited to those with a decision of status of residence) or permission pursuant to the provisions of this Section, and where two or more seals or permissions have been granted, the most recent; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph), on the consideration that the activities stated as those in which the Foreign National seeks to be engaged in the application for such permission are not false, and such activities fall under any of those listed in the right-hand column of Appended Table I or the activities of a person with the status or position listed in the right-hand column of Appended Table II;

(iii)beyond what is provided for in the cases listed in the preceding two items, the Foreign National has been granted, by deceit or other wrongful means, a seal of verification for landing;

(iv)beyond what is provided for in the cases listed in the preceding three items, the Foreign National has been granted, by submitting or presenting a document that contains a false entry (including a certificate pursuant to the provisions of Article 7-2, paragraph (1), obtained by submitting or presenting a document or drawing that contains a false entry or a visa obtained for the Passport by submitting or presenting a document or drawing that contains a false entry), or a drawing that contains a false entry, a seal of verification for landing;

(v)the Foreign National has been granted permission pursuant to the provisions of Article 50, paragraph (1) or Article 61-2-2, paragraph (2) due to deceit or other wrongful means (except in cases of receiving permission or a seal of verification for landing, etc. pursuant to these provisions after such permission);

(vi)any person residing with a status of residence in the left-hand column of Appended Table I who has been residing for three months (with regard to a person residing with the status of residence of "Highly Skilled Professional" (limited to those pertaining to item (ii) in the right-hand column under "Highly Skilled Professional" of Appended Table I (2)), six months) or more without continuously engaging in the activities (except where there is a justifiable reason for residing without engaging in the activities) listed in the right-hand column of the same Table corresponding to the status of residence;

(vii)any person residing with the status of residence of "Spouse or Child of Japanese National (limited to those pertaining to persons with the status of the spouse of a Japanese national (except for Foreign Nationals concurrently with the status of a child specially adopted by a Japanese national (referring to the child specially adopted by a Japanese national pursuant to the provisions of Article 817-2 of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896)); the same applies hereinafter) or born as the child of a Japanese national) or the status of residence of "Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident" (limited to those pertaining to persons with the status of a spouse of a permanent resident, etc. (except for Foreign Nationals concurrently with the status of a person who was born in Japan as the child of a permanent resident, etc. and is continuing to reside in Japan)), who has been residing for six months or more without continuously engaging in activities as a person with the status of a spouse (except where there is a justifiable reason for residing without engaging in the activities);

(viii)a person who has newly become a Mid to long-term Resident through receiving a seal of verification for landing or special permission pursuant to the provisions of Section 1 or Section 2 of the preceding Chapter, permission pursuant to the provisions of this Section or permission pursuant to the provisions of Article 50, paragraph (1) or Article 61-2-2, paragraph (2), who has not notified the Minister of Justice of the place of residence (except where there is a justifiable reason for not giving notification) within 90 days of the date of receiving the seal of verification for landing or permission;.

(ix)any Mid to long-term Resident who has not notified the Minister of Justice of their new place of residence within 90 days of leaving the previous place of residence, which had previously been notified to the Minister of Justice (except where there is a justifiable reason for not giving notification); or

(x)any Mid to long-term Resident who has notified the Minister of Justice of a false place of residence.

(i)a person who has been granted permission for provisional landing:provisional landing permit;

(ii)a person who has been granted landing permission for cruise ship tourists:landing permit for cruise ship tourists;

(iii)a person who has been granted landing permission for Crew Members:Crew Member's landing permit and Passport or Crew Member's Pocket-Ledger;

(iv)a person who has been granted permission for emergency landing:emergency landing permit;

(v)a person who has been granted landing permission due to distress:landing permit due to distress;

(vi)a person who has been granted landing permission for temporary refuge:landing permit for temporary refuge; or

(vii)a person who has been granted permission for provisional stay:permit for provisional stay

(i)a person who has entered Japan in violation of the provisions of Article 3;

(ii)a person who has landed in Japan without obtaining Permission for Landing, etc. from an Immigration Inspector;

(ii)-2a person whose status of residence has been revoked pursuant to the provisions of Article 22-4, paragraph (1) (limited to those provisions pertaining to item (i) or (ii));

(ii)-3a person who has been granted a designated Period of Stay pursuant to the provisions of Article 22-4, paragraph (7) (including as applied mutatis mutandis to Article 61-2-8, paragraph (2)) and has stayed in Japan beyond the designated period;

(iii)a person who has forged or altered a document or drawing, has prepared a false document or drawing, has used, possessed or offered a forged, altered, or a false document or drawing, or has incited or aided another to engage in any of the aforementioned acts with the intent of helping another Foreign National illegally obtain a certificate, a seal of verification for landing (including the recording of the prescribed data pursuant to the provisions of Article 9, paragraph (4)) or special permission pursuant to the provisions of Chapter III, Section 1 or 2, permission for landing pursuant to the provisions of Chapter III, Section 4 or the permission pursuant to the provisions of Section 1 or 2 of this Chapter or Section 3 of the following Chapter;

(iii)-2a person who the Minister of Justice determines, based on reasonable grounds, is likely to commit a criminal act for the purpose of intimidating the general public and governments (hereinafter to be referred to in this item as a "criminal act for the purpose of intimidating the general public and governments") provided for in Article 1 of the Act for Punishment of the Financing of Criminal Activities for the Purpose of Intimidation of the General Public and of Governments (Act No. 67 of 2002), prepare to commit a criminal act for the purpose of intimidating the general public and governments, or facilitate a criminal act for the purpose of intimidating the general public and governments;

(iii)-3a person whose entry into Japan is required to be prevented pursuant to an international agreement;

(iii)-4a person who has engaged in any of the acts listed in sub-items (a) through (c) below, or has incited or aided another to engage in any of the listed acts:

(iii)-5a person who has engaged in any of the acts listed in sub-items (a) through (d), or has incited or aided another to engage in any of the listed acts:

(iv)a Foreign National residing in Japan (except for those to whom permission for provisional landing, permission for landing at a port of call, landing permission for cruise ship tourists, permission for landing in transit, landing permission for Crew Members, or landing permission due to distress has been granted) who falls under any of the following sub-items (a) through (o):

(iv)-2a person who is staying in Japan with a status of residence listed in the left-hand column of Appended Table I and has been convicted of a crime provided in Part II, Chapter XII, XVI through XIX, XXIII, XXVI, XXVII, XXXI, XXXIII, XXXVI, XXXVII or XXXIX of the Penal Code of Japan, in Article 1, 1-2 or 1-3 (except for the parts pertaining to Article 222 or 261 of the Penal Code of Japan) of the Act on Punishment of Physical Violence and Others, in the Act for Prevention and Disposition of Robbery, Theft, and Other Related Matters, in Article 15 or 16 of the Act on Prohibition of Possession of Special Picking Tools, and Other Related Matters or in Article 2 or Article 6, paragraph (1) of the Act on Punishment for Acts of Driving Causing Death or Injury, and has been sentenced to imprisonment or imprisonment without work;

(iv)-3a person whose status of residence is "Temporary Visitor" who has illegally killed, injured, assaulted or threatened a person, or damaged or destroyed a building or other object in relation to the process or results of the International Competition, etc. held in Japan or with the intent of preventing the smooth operation thereof, at the venue of the International Competition, etc. or within the area of the municipality where the venue is located or to neighboring places provided for use to unspecified or a large number of persons;

(iv)-4a Mid to long-term Resident who has been sentenced to imprisonment on the charge of a crime provided for in Article 71-2 or Article 75-2;

(v)a person who has been granted permission for provisional landing and flees or fails to appear at a summons without a justifiable reason in violation of conditions imposed pursuant to the provisions of Article 13, paragraph (3);

(v)-2A person who has been ordered to depart from Japan pursuant to the provisions of Article 10, paragraph (7) or (11), or Article 11, paragraph (6) but does not depart without delay;

(vi)a person who has been granted permission for landing at a port of call, landing permission for cruise ship tourists, permission for landing in transit, landing permission for Crew Members, permission for emergency landing, landing permission due to distress or landing permission for temporary refuge, but stays in Japan beyond the period entered in their Passport or landing permit;

(vi)-2a person who has been granted landing permission for cruise ship tourists but did not return to the ship by the time of the designated passenger ship departing from the Port of Entry or Departure after they disembarked at the Japanese Port of Entry or Departure at which the designated passenger ship pertaining to the permission made a port of call, and has fled;

(vi)-3a person who has been designated a period pursuant to the provisions of Article 14-2, paragraph (9), but does not depart from Japan within that period;

(vi)-4a person who has been designated a period for departure pursuant to the provisions of Article 16, paragraph (9), but does not return to their vessel or depart from Japan within that period;

(vii)a person prescribed in Article 22-2, paragraph (1) who stays in Japan beyond the period prescribed in the same paragraph without receiving permission pursuant to the provisions of the main clause of Article 20 paragraph (3), as applied mutatis mutandis to Article 22-2, paragraph (3) or pursuant to the provisions of Article 22-2, paragraph (2), as applied mutatis mutandis to Article 22, paragraph (4);

(viii)a person who has been given a departure order pursuant to the provisions of Article 55-3, paragraph (1), but stays in Japan beyond the time limit for departure pertaining to the departure order;

(ix)a person whose departure order has been revoked pursuant to the provisions of Article 55-6; or

(x)a person staying in Japan with permission granted pursuant to the provisions of Article 61-2-2, paragraph (1), or Article 61-2-3, whose recognition of Refugee status has been revoked pursuant to the provisions of Article 61-2-7, paragraph (1) (limited to the provisions pertaining to item (i) or item (iii)).

(i)the Foreign National has voluntarily appeared at an immigration office with the intention of departing from Japan promptly;

(ii)the Foreign National does not fall under any of items (iii) through (iii)-5, sub-items (c) through (o) of item (iv), item (viii) or item (ix) of Article 24;

(iii)after entering Japan, the Foreign National has not been convicted of a crime provided in Part II, Chapter XII, XVI through XIX, XXIII, XXVI, XXVII, XXXI, XXXIII, XXXVI, XXXVII or XXXIX of the Penal Code of Japan, Articles 1, 1-2 or 1-3 (except for the parts pertaining to Article 222 or 261 of the Penal Code of Japan) of the Act on Punishment of Physical Violence and Others, the Act for Prevention and Disposition of Robbery, Theft, and Other Related Matters, in Articles 15 or 16 of the Act on Prohibition of Possession of Special Picking Tools, and Other Related Matters or in Article 2 or Article 6, paragraph (1) of the Act on Punishment for Acts of Driving Causing Death or Injury, and sentenced to imprisonment or imprisonment without work;

(iv)the Foreign National has no past record of being deported from Japan or of departing from Japan under a departure order pursuant to the provisions of Article 55-3, paragraph (1); or

(v)the Foreign National is expected with certainty to depart from Japan promptly.

(i)a person who is being prosecuted for a crime for which the death penalty or a life sentence, or imprisonment or imprisonment without work for 3 years or more, may be imposed; or a person for whom an arrest warrant, writ of physical escort, detention warrant, or writ of confinement for expert examination has been issued;

(ii)a person who has been sentenced to imprisonment without work or a more severe penalty and has not been granted suspension of execution of sentence, until the person has completed the sentence or until they cease to fall subject to the execution of the sentence (except for those released on parole); or

(iii)a person for whom a provisional detention permit or a detention permit has been issued pursuant to the provisions of the Act on Extradition (Act No. 68 of 1953).

(i)any place which is considered to be commonly used for acts prejudicial to public morals; or

(ii)a hotel, restaurant or any other place which the public is able to enter and leave at night; provided however, that this applies only during the hours that the place is open to the public.

(i)the suspect has obtained permission for permanent residence;

(ii)the suspect has had a registered domicile in Japan as a Japanese national in the past;

(iii)the suspect resides in Japan under the control of another person due to Trafficking in Persons; or

(iv)the Minister of Justice finds grounds to grant special permission to stay for reasons other than in the previous items.

(i)a country in which they had been residing immediately prior to their entry into Japan;

(ii)a country in which they once resided before their entry into Japan;

(iii)a country containing the port or airport where they boarded the vessel or aircraft departing for Japan;

(iv)a country where their place of birth is located;

(v)a country which contained their birthplace at the time of their birth; or

(vi)any other country.

(i)the territories of countries prescribed in the Refugee Convention, Article 33, paragraph (1) (except for cases in which the Minister of Justice finds it significantly detrimental to the interests and public security of Japan);

(ii)countries prescribed in the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 3, paragraph (1); or

(iii)countries prescribed in the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearances, Article 16, paragraph (1).