津波対策の推進に関する法律(平成二十三年法律第七十七号)
Act on the Promotion of Tsunami Countermeasures(Act No. 77 of 2011)
最終更新:令和四年法律第三号
Last Version: Act No. 3 of 2022
目次
履歴
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▶本則
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令和6年6月26日
- 最終更新:令和四年法律第三号
- 翻訳日:令和5年11月30日
- 辞書バージョン:16.0
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令和6年2月21日
- 最終更新:令和四年法律第三号
- 翻訳日:令和5年11月30日
- 辞書バージョン:16.0
津波対策の推進に関する法律
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Act on the Promotion of Tsunami Countermeasures
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平成二十三年六月二十四日法律第七十七号
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Act No. 77 of June 24, 2011
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As made clear by the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, tsunamis are disasters that, once they occur, can cause severe damage to the lives, physical wellbeing, and property of people across a wide area, and pose a serious threat to the healthy development of Japan's economy and society. It is deeply regrettable that Japan has suffered immense damage from tsunamis on numerous times in the past, and that a great number of precious lives were lost in the Great East Japan Earthquake. Furthermore, the disaster caused by the nuclear power plant accident during Great East Japan Earthquake has significantly affected the lives of local residents and the economy and society of Japan.
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At the same time, the damage to human lives caused by tsunamis can be considerably mitigated in the event of tsunamis, if people take swift and appropriate action. Therefore, it is especially important to deepen people's understanding and interest concerning tsunamis, the nature of the damage caused by tsunamis, and the necessity for tsunami preparedness against tsunamis. This has become increasingly important in the wake of unprecedented disaster of the Great East Japan Earthquake.
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Japan is located on the crustal boundaries and surrounding areas, and is perpetually at risk of suffering damaged by large-scale earthquakes and the ensuing tsunamis. To prevent reassurance of a catastrophic Great East Japan Earthquake, which claimed numerous lives, it is crucial for the national government to candidly acknowledge that prior tsunami countermeasures may not have been entirely adequate; it is essential to take every possible measures against tsunamis, incorporating the latest knowledge on tsunamis, wisdom and knowledge from our forebears, and other historical lessons.
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(目的)
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(Purpose)
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第一条この法律は、津波による被害から国民の生命、身体及び財産を保護するため、津波対策を推進するに当たっての基本的認識を明らかにするとともに、津波の観測体制の強化及び調査研究の推進、津波に関する防災上必要な教育及び訓練の実施、津波対策のために必要な施設の整備その他の津波対策を推進するために必要な事項を定めることにより、津波対策を総合的かつ効果的に推進し、もって社会の秩序の維持と公共の福祉の確保に資することを目的とする。
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Article 1This Act aims to protect people's lives, physical well-being, and property from the damage caused by tsunamis, elucidates the fundamental understandings for promoting tsunami countermeasures, and also provides for necessary matters to enhance tsunami observation systems, advance research of tsunamis, implement necessary education and training for tsunami-related disaster prevention, and establish necessary facilities for tsunami countermeasures as well as other matters to effectively and holistically promote tsunami countermeasures, contributing to the maintenance of social order and the assurance of public welfare.
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(津波対策を推進するに当たっての基本的認識)
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(Basic Understanding for Promoting Tsunami Countermeasures)
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第二条津波対策は、次に掲げる津波に関する基本的認識の下に、総合的かつ効果的に推進されなければならない。
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Article 2Tsunami countermeasures must be comprehensively and effectively promoted based on the following basic understanding of tsunamis:
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一津波は、一度発生すると、広域にわたり、国民の生命、身体及び財産に甚大な被害を及ぼすとともに、我が国の経済社会の健全な発展に深刻な影響を及ぼすおそれがあること。
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(i)once tsunamis occur, they can cause severe damage to the lives, physical wellbeing, and property of people across a wide area, and pose a serious threat to the healthy development of Japan's economy and society.
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二津波は、その発生に際して国民が迅速かつ適切な行動をとることにより、人命に対する被害を相当程度軽減することができることから、防潮堤、水門等津波からの防護のための施設の整備と併せて、津波避難施設(津波により浸水すると想定される地域における一時的な避難場所としての機能を有する堅固な建築物又は工作物をいう。以下同じ。)の着実な整備を推進するとともに、津波に関する防災上必要な教育及び訓練の実施、防災思想の普及等を推進することにより津波及び津波による被害の特性、津波に備える必要性等に関する国民の理解と関心を深めることが特に重要であること。
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(ii)the damage to human lives caused by tsunamis can be considerably mitigated in the event of tsunamis if people take swift and appropriate action. Therefore, it is particularly important to promote the development of facilities for protection against tsunamis, such as seawalls and floodgates; alongside promoting the steady development of tsunami evacuation facilities (robust buildings or structures that serve as temporary evacuation sites in areas expected to be inundated by tsunamis; the same applies bellow); it is also crucial to encourage the implementation of education and training necessary for tsunami-related disaster prevention, and to further the spread of disaster prevention awareness; thereby deepening people's understanding and interest concerning tsunamis, the nature of the damage caused by tsunamis, and the necessity for preparedness against tsunamis
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三津波は、被害の発生を防止し、又は軽減するためにその規模等を迅速かつ適切に予測する必要があること、津波による被害の詳細な予測がいまだ困難であること等から、観測体制の充実並びに過去の津波及び将来発生することが予測される津波並びにこれらによる被害等に関する調査研究を推進することが重要であること。
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(iii)it is crucial to swiftly and accurately predict the scale of tsunamis to prevent or mitigate their damage, and is also important to improve tsunami observation systems, and, promote research studies on past tsunamis, potential future tsunamis, and the damage caused by tsunamis, due to difficulty of making detailed predictions on the damage caused by tsunamis.
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四津波は、国境を越えて広域にわたり伝播する特性を有していること、各国における調査研究の成果を国際的に共有する必要性が高いこと等から、観測及び調査研究に係る国際協力を推進することが重要であること。
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(iv)Considering the nature of tsunamis' tendency to propagate across national borders and affect a wide area, coupled with the high necessity for internationally sharing the results of research studies conducted in each country, it is vital to encourage international cooperation concerning observation and research studies.
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(この法律の趣旨及び内容を踏まえた津波対策の実施)
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(Implementation of Tsunami Countermeasures Based on the Purpose and Contents of This Act)
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第三条国及び地方公共団体は、災害対策基本法(昭和三十六年法律第二百二十三号)、地震防災対策特別措置法(平成七年法律第百十一号)その他の関係法律に基づく災害対策を実施するに当たっては、この法律の趣旨及び内容を踏まえ、津波対策を適切に実施しなければならない。
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Article 3(1)In carrying out disaster countermeasures under the Basic Act on Disaster Management (Act No. 223 of 1961), the Special Measures Act on Earthquake Disaster Prevention (Act No. 111 of 1995), and other related laws, the national and local governments must properly implement tsunami countermeasures, taking into account the purpose and contents of this Act.
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(連携協力体制の整備)
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(Development of Coordination and Cooperation Systems)
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第四条国は、津波対策を効果的に推進するため、国、地方公共団体、大学等の研究機関、事業者、国民等の相互間の緊密な連携協力体制の整備に努めなければならない。
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Article 4To effectively promote tsunami countermeasures, the national government must endeavor to establish a systems of close collaboration and cooperation between the national government, local governments, research institutes such as universities, business operators, and the public.
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(津波の観測体制の強化及び調査研究の推進)
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(Reinforcement of Tsunami Observation Systems and Promotion of Research Studies)
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第五条国は、津波による被害の発生を防止し、又は軽減するため、津波の観測体制の強化に努めなければならない。
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Article 5(1)The national government must endeavor to strengthen tsunami observation systems to prevent or mitigate the damage caused by tsunamis.
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(2)The national government must promote research studies necessary for the effective implementation of tsunami countermeasures, including the elucidation of the mechanisms behind tsunami generation, improvement of forecast accuracy regarding tsunami scale, detailed forecasting methods for the damage caused by the tsunamis based on topography, current state of land use, and other regional conditions into consideration, improving facilities to prevent or mitigate the damage caused by tsunamis , collecting tsunami-related records (including records of people's experiences with tsunamis), among other initiatives. The national government must also endeavor to disseminate the results of these efforts.
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(地域において想定される津波による被害の予測等)
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(Forecast of Potential Damage Caused by Tsunamis in Each Area)
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第六条都道府県及び市町村は、地形、土地利用の現況その他地域の状況及び津波に関する最新の知見を踏まえ、津波により浸水する範囲及びその水深その他地域において想定される津波による被害について、津波の規模及び津波対策のための施設の整備等の状況ごとに複数の予測を行い、その結果を津波対策に活用するよう努めなければならない。
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Article 6(1)Based on topography, current state of land use, other regional conditions and the latest knowledge on tsunamis, prefectures and municipalities must endeavor to conduct several forecasts for the tsunami inundation zone and depth, as well as other potential damage caused by tsunamis in each area and utilize the results in tsunami countermeasures. These forecasts must be made for each tsunami scale, taking into account the status of facilities for countering tsunamis.
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(津波に関する防災上必要な教育及び訓練の実施等)
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(Implementation of Education and Training Necessary for Tsunami-related Disaster Prevention)
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第七条国及び地方公共団体は、第五条第二項の調査研究の成果等を踏まえ、国民が、津波に関する記録及び最新の知見、地域において想定される津波による被害、津波が発生した際にとるべき行動等に関する知識の習得を通じ、津波が発生した際に迅速かつ適切な行動をとることができるようになることを目標として、学校教育その他の多様な機会を通じ、映像等を用いた効果的な手法を活用しつつ、津波について防災上必要な教育及び訓練、防災思想の普及等に努めなければならない。
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Article 7Taking into account the results of the research studies prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (2), the national and local governments must endeavor to enable people to know how to take swift and appropriate action in the event of a tsunami by acquiring the latest knowledge on tsunamis, understand potential damage caused by tsunamis in their areas, and, utilizing effective methods such as the use of videos in school education and other various opportunities; the national and local governments must also work towards providing people with education and training necessary for tsunami-related disaster prevention and promoting the spread of disaster prevention awareness.
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(地域において想定される津波による被害についての周知等)
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(Dissemination of Information on Potential Damage Caused by Tsunamis in Specific Area)
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第八条都道府県及び市町村は、地震防災対策特別措置法第十四条第一項及び第二項の規定により津波により浸水する範囲及びその水深を住民に周知するに当たっては、第六条第一項の予測の結果を活用するとともに、印刷物の配布のほか予測される被害を映像として住民に視聴させること等を通じてより効果的に行うよう努めなければならない。
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Article 8(1)In disseminating information to residents on the tsunami inundation zone and depth pursuant to Article 14, paragraphs (1) and (2) of the Special Measures Act on Earthquake Disaster Prevention, prefectures and municipalities must utilize the results of the forecasts prescribed in Article 6, paragraph (1) and endeavor to do so more effectively by distributing printed materials and allowing residents view images of the estimated damage.
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(2)If there are underground shopping malls or other facilities in underground areas within the expected tsunami inundation zone that are used by a significant number of unspecified people, or facilities primarily used by the elderly, persons with disabilities, infants, or others who particularly need consideration for disaster prevention, and it is determined necessary to ensure swift and appropriate evacuation in the event of a tsunami, prefectures and municipalities must pay special attention to disseminating the information prescribed in the preceding paragraph to the owners or administrators of those facilities.
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(津波からの迅速かつ円滑な避難を確保するための措置)
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(Measures to Ensure Quick and Smooth Evacuation from Tsunamis)
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第九条国及び地方公共団体は、津波に関する予報又は警報及び避難の勧告又は指示が的確かつ迅速に伝達され、できる限り多くの者が、迅速かつ円滑に避難することができるようにするために必要な体制の整備その他必要な措置を講ずるよう努めなければならない。
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Article 9(1)The national and local governments must endeavor to establish systems and take other measures necessary to accurately and swiftly transmitting tsunami forecasts or warnings and evacuation recommendations or directives, to ensure that the maximum number of people can evacuate quickly and smoothly.
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(3)When taking the measures provided for in paragraph (1) and establishing the plans prescribed in the preceding paragraph, attention must be paid to evacuation of the elderly, persons with disabilities, infants, travelers, persons who cannot understand Japanese, and other persons who require special consideration for evacuation from the tsunami.
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(津波対策のための施設の整備等)
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(Development of Facilities for Tsunami Countermeasures)
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第十条国及び地方公共団体は、津波対策に係る施設の整備等においては、次の事項に特に配慮して取り組むよう努めなければならない。
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Article 10(1)In developing facilities related to tsunami countermeasures, the national and local governments must endeavor to give special consideration to the following:
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一最新の知見に基づく施設の整備の推進
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(i)promotion of facility development based on the latest knowledge;
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二既存の施設の維持及び改良
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(ii)maintenance and improvement of existing facilities;
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三海岸及び津波の遡上が予想される河川の堤防の性能(地震による震動及び地盤の液状化により破壊されないために必要とされる性能を含む。)の確保及び向上
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(iii)ensuring and improvement of the performance of embankments along coastlines and rivers where tsunami run-up is expected (including performance necessary to prevent destruction from seismic motions and soil liquefaction);
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四海岸及び津波の遡上が予想される河川の水門等について津波が到達する前の自動的な閉鎖又は遠隔操作による閉鎖を可能とするための改良
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(iv)improvement to sluice gates on coastlines and rivers where tsunami run-up is expected, to facilitate their automatic or remote-controlled closure before the arrival of tsunamis;
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五津波避難施設の指定の推進
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(v)promotion of the designation of tsunami evacuation facilities;
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六地域の特性に応じた津波避難施設、津波避難施設への避難路等の整備の推進
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(vi)promotion of the development of tsunami evacuation facilities and evacuation routes to them, in accordance with the characteristics of the region.
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(2)When the national and local governments intend to construct public facilities (excluding those constructed for the direct purpose of protection against tsunamis) in areas at risk of tsunami inundation, they must ensure these facilities are equipped with functions for temporary evacuation and other tsunami-related disaster prevention measures in these areas.
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(津波対策に配慮したまちづくりの推進)
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(Promotion of City Planning Considering Tsunami Countermeasures)
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Article 11Prefectures and municipalities must endeavor to promote city planning, taking into consideration tsunami countermeasures ; this includes : the designation of use districts under Article 8, paragraph (1), item (i) of the City Planning Act (Act No. 100 of 1968) that considers tsunami countermeasures, restrictions on building houses in areas with a high risk of damage from tsunamis by designating them as disaster risk areas under Article 39 of the Building Standards Act (Act No. 201 of 1950), the establishment of mechanisms to mitigate the ingress of tsunamis and drifting objects into inland areas by utilizing sturdy architectures along the coast in anticipation of tsunamis, and the promotion of other tsunami countermeasures.
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(危険物を扱う施設の津波からの安全の確保)
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(Ensuring the Safety of Facilities Handling Hazardous Materials from Tsunamis)
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第十二条国及び地方公共団体は、産業との調和に配意しつつ、石油類、火薬類、高圧ガス、原子力基本法(昭和三十年法律第百八十六号)第三条第二号に規定する核燃料物質その他の危険物を多量に扱う施設の津波からの安全の確保に努めなければならない。
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Article 12The national and local governments must endeavor to ensure the safety of facilities that handle large quantities of petroleum, explosives, high-pressure gases, nuclear fuel materials provided for in the Atomic Energy Basic Act (Act No. 186 of 1955), and other hazardous materials from tsunamis while maintaining balance with industries.
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(災害復旧及び災害からの復興に当たっての配慮)
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(Considerations for Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction)
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第十三条災害復旧に関する国の制度は、津波による被害からの復旧にも十分配慮されたものでなければならない。
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Article 13(1)The national systems concerning disaster recovery must adequately consider recovery from the damage caused by tsunamis.
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(2)When restoring and reconstructing areas affected by tsunamis, the national and local governments must endeavor to consider the unique nature of the damage caused by tsunamis and endeavor to give special consideration to the reconstruction of industries and the securing of employment in the affected areas.
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(津波対策における情報通信技術の活用)
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(Utilization of Information and Communication Technology for Tsunami Countermeasures)
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第十三条の二国及び地方公共団体は、津波に関する防災上必要な教育及び訓練の実施、津波からの迅速かつ円滑な避難の確保その他の津波対策の推進に当たっては、情報通信技術の活用を通じて、これらをより効果的に行うよう努めなければならない。
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Article 13-2The national and local governments must endeavor to utilize information and communication technology to more effectively implement education and training necessary for tsunami-related disaster prevention, ensure swift and smooth evacuation from tsunamis, and promote other tsunami countermeasures.
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(津波対策に関する国際協力の推進)
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(Promotion of International Cooperation on Tsunami Countermeasures)
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第十四条国は、津波が、国境を越えて広域にわたり伝播する特性を有していること、各国における調査研究の成果を国際的に共有する必要性が高いこと及び我が国において蓄積された津波に関する知見の国際的評価が高いことに鑑み、津波による被害の発生を防止し、又は軽減するための国際協力の推進について、次に掲げる事項に特に配慮して取り組むよう努めなければならない。
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Article 14Considering the nature of tsunamis' tendency to propagate national borders and affect a wide area, coupled with the high necessity for internationally sharing the results of research studies conducted in each country, and the high international recognition of Japan's accumulated knowledge on tsunamis, the national government must endeavor to give special consideration to the following aspects regarding the promotion of international cooperation to prevent or mitigate the damage caused by tsunamis:
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一国際的な観測及び通報のための体制の整備
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(i)development of systems for international observation and notification;
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二海外への研究者の派遣
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(ii)dispatch of researchers abroad;
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三外国人研究者及び外国人留学生の受入れ並びに帰国後のこれらの者との継続的な交流及び連携
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(iii)acceptance of foreign researchers and students, and continuous exchange and collaboration with them after their return to their home countries;
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四我が国において蓄積された知識、技術、記録等の海外への提供
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(iv)provision of knowledge, technologies, records, and other resources accumulated in Japan to overseas;
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五海外の被災地域に対する適切かつ迅速な援助の実施
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(v)implementation of appropriate and prompt assistance to overseas disaster-affected areas.
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(津波防災の日)
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(Tsunami Disaster Prevention Day)
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第十五条国民の間に広く津波対策についての理解と関心を深めるようにするため、津波防災の日を設ける。
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Article 15(1)To deepen people's understanding of and concern regarding tsunami countermeasures, Tsunami Disaster Prevention Day is established.
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(3)Also considering the resolution passed by the United Nations General Assembly on December 22, 2015, declaring November 5th as World Tsunami Awareness Day, the national and local governments are to endeavor to annually organize suitable events on Tsunami u Day, while also taking into account the promotion of international cooperation on tsunami countermeasures.
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(財政上の措置等)
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(Financial Measures)
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第十六条国は、津波対策の推進に関する施策を実施するため必要な財政上又は税制上の措置その他の措置を講ずるよう努めるものとする。
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Article 16(1)The national government is to endeavor to take necessary financial or tax-related measures, along with other measures necessary to implement policies for promoting tsunami countermeasures.
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(2)When prefectures or municipalities conduct multiple predictions about the tsunami inundation zone depth, as well as potential damage caused by tsunamis in their areas, considering factors such as topography, current state of land use, other regional conditions, and the latest knowledge about tsunamis, or when they create videos to help residents visualize these predictions, the national government is to provide the necessary financial assistance; this takes into account varying scales of tsunamis and the preparedness of their facilities for tsunami countermeasures
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附 則
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Supplementary Provisions
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(施行期日等)
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(Effective Date)
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第一条この法律は、公布の日から施行する。
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Article 1(1)This Act comes into effect as of the date of promulgation.
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(検討)
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(Review)
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第二条政府は、速やかに、津波避難施設が津波により浸水すると想定される地域における一時的な避難場所としての機能をより効果的に発揮することができるよう、その適切な配置、構造及び規模並びに運用の方法、津波避難施設への迅速かつ円滑な移動の確保のために必要な措置等の検討を踏まえ、津波避難施設、津波避難施設への避難路及び誘導のための設備等の整備の促進を図るために必要な財政上及び税制上の措置について検討を加え、その結果に基づいて必要な措置を講ずるものとする。(書き直し:津波避難施設が津波により浸水すると想定される地域における一時的な避難場所としての機能をより効果的に発揮することができるように、政府は速やかに、その適切な配置、構造及び規模並びに運用の方法、津波避難施設への迅速かつ円滑な移動の確保のために必要な措置等の検討を踏まえ、津波避難施設、津波避難施設への避難路及び誘導のための設備等の整備の促進を図るために必要な財政上及び税制上の措置について検討を加え、その結果に基づいて必要な措置を講ずるものとする。)
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Article 2(1)To more effectively utilize the functions of tsunami evacuation facilities as temporary evacuation sites in areas presumed to be inundated by tsunamis, the national government is to promptly evaluate necessary actions, taking into account those facilities' appropriate placement, structure, size, and operational methods as well as measures needed to ensure quick and smooth relocation to the facilities. Following this, the national government is to consider necessary financial and tax-related measures for promoting the improvement of these facilities, the evacuation routes leading to them, and the equipment used for directing evacuees, and is to take necessary actions based on these results.
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(2)In addition to the matters prescribed in the preceding paragraph, within three years after the enforcement of this Act, the national government is to review the approach to tsunami countermeasures, taking into account the findings from the Great East Japan Earthquake, and take necessary measures based on these results.
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附 則〔平成二十九年三月三十一日法律第十二号〕
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Supplementary Provisions[Act No. 12 of March 31, 2017]
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附 則〔令和四年三月三十一日法律第三号〕
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Supplementary Provisions[Act No. 3 of March 31, 2022]
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